IGES - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

3/26/2015 IGESWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGES 1/5

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IGESFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheInitialGraphicsExchangeSpecification(IGES)(pronouncedeyejess)isafileformatwhichdefinesavendorneutraldataformatthatallowsthedigitalexchangeofinformationamongComputeraideddesign(CAD)systems.

TheofficialtitleofIGESisDigitalRepresentationforCommunicationofProductDefinitionData,firstpublishedinJanuary,1980bytheU.S.NationalBureauofStandardsasNBSIR801978.Manydocuments(likeearlyversionsoftheDefenseStandardsMILPRF28000[1]andMILSTD1840[2])referredtoitasASMEY14.26M,thedesignationoftheANSIcommitteethatapprovedIGESVersion1.0.

UsingIGES,aCADusercanexchangeproductdatamodelsintheformofcircuitdiagrams,wireframe,freeformsurfaceorsolidmodelingrepresentations.ApplicationssupportedbyIGESincludetraditionalengineeringdrawings,modelsforanalysis,andothermanufacturingfunctions.

Contents

1History2Fileformat3ForeignLanguageSupport4ARecursiveStandard5Seealso6References7Externallinks

History

IGESwasaninitiativeoftheUnitedStatesAirForce(USAF)IntegratedComputerAidedManufacturing(ICAM)project(19761984).[3]

ICAMsoughttodevelopprocedures(IDEF)processes(GroupTechnology)andsoftware(CAD/CAM)thatwouldintegratealloperationsinAerospacemanufacturingandthusgreatlyreducecosts.EarliertheUSAFManufacturingTechnologyProgramhadfundedtheAutomaticallyProgrammedTools(APT)languageforprogrammingNumericallyControlled(NC)machinetools.Toclosethedatagapbetweenpartsdesignandmanufacturing,oneoftheICAMgoalswastodevelopCADsoftwarethatwouldautomaticallygeneratenumericalcontrolprogramsfortheverycomplexComputerNumericallyControlled(CNC)machinetoolsusedthroughouttheAerospaceindustry.AseriousissuewastheincompatibilityofdataproducedbythemanyCADsystemsinuseatthetime.USAF/ICAMcalledameetingattheNationalBureauofStandards(nowknownasNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologyorNIST)in1978toaddressthisissue.BoeingofferedtosellitsCADtranslationsoftwaretoUSAFforoneUSAdollar.USAFacceptedthisoffer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NISThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_frame_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iges.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Computer_Aided_Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeform_surface_modellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD_data_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_(arts)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD/CAM



andcontractedNISTtobringtogetheragroupofusersandvendors,includingBoeing,GeneralElectric,Xerox,Computervision,Appliconandotherstofurtherdevelopandtestthissoftware.ThoughitwasthepracticetobeginthenameofICAMdevelopmentswiththewordintegrated(forexampletheIDEFs)believingthattherewouldberapiddevelopmentofgraphicalexchangesoftware,USAFdecidedthattheIGESwouldbetheInitialGraphicsExchangeSpecificationnottheIntegratedGraphicsExchangeSpecification.

Since1988,theDoDhasrequiredthatalldigitalproductandmanufacturinginformation(PMI)forweaponssystemscontracts(theengineeringdrawings,circuitdiagrams,etc.)bedeliveredinelectronicformsuchasIGESformat.Asaconsequence,CAxsoftwarevendorswhowanttomarkettheirproductstoDoDsubcontractorsandtheirpartnersneededtosupporttheimport(reading)andexport(writing)ofIGESformatfiles.

AnANSIstandardsince1980,IGEShasbeenusedintheautomotive,aerospace,andshipbuildingindustries.IthasbeenusedforweaponssystemsfromTridentmissileguidancesystemstoentireaircraftcarriers.Thesepartmodelsmayhavetobeusedyearsafterthevendoroftheoriginaldesignsystemhasgoneoutofbusiness.IGESfilesprovideawaytoaccessthisdatadecadesfromnow.Today,pluginviewersforWebbrowsersallowIGESfilescreated20yearsagotobeviewedfromanywhereintheworld.[4]

AftertheinitialreleaseofSTEP(ISO10303)in1994,interestinfurtherdevelopmentofIGESdeclined,andVersion5.3(1996)wasthelastpublishedstandard.Adecadelater,STEPhasyettofulfillitspromiseofreplacingIGES,whichremainsthemostwidelyusedstandardforCAxandPMIinteroperability.

Fileformat

AnIGESfileiscomposedof80characterASCIIrecords,arecordlengthderivedfromthepunchedcardera.Textstringsarerepresentedin"Hollerith"format,thenumberofcharactersinthestring,followedbytheletter"H",followedbythetextstring,e.g.,"4HSLOT"(thisisthetextstringformatusedinearlyversionsoftheFortranlanguage).EarlyIGEStranslatorshadproblemswithIBMmainframecomputersbecausethemainframesusedEBCDICencodingfortext,andsomeEBCDICASCIItranslatorswouldeithersubstitutethewrongcharacter,orimproperlysettheparitybit,causingamisread.

HereisaverysmallIGESfilefrom1987,[5]containingonlytwoPOINT(Type116),twoCIRCULARARC(Type100),andtwoLINE(Type110)entities.Itrepresentsaslot,withthepointsatthecentersofthetwohalfcirclesthatformtheendsoftheslot,andthetwolinesthatformthesides.

S11H,,1H;,4HSLOT,37H$1$DUA2:[IGESLIB.BDRAFT.B2I]SLOT.IGS;,G117HBravo3BravoDRAFT,31HBravo3>IGESV3.002(02Oct87),32,38,6,38,15,G24HSLOT,1.,1,4HINCH,8,0.08,13H871006.192927,1.E06,6.,G331HD.A.Harrod,Tel.313/9956333,24HAPPLICONAnnArbor,MI,4,0;G411610100001D111615100D211620100001D311615100D410030100001D510012100D610040100001D710012100D811050100001D911013100D1011060100001D1111013100D12116,0.,0.,0.,0,0,0;1P1116,5.,0.,0.,0,0,0;3P2100,0.,0.,0.,0.,1.,0.,1.,0,0;5P3100,0.,5.,0.,5.,1.,5.,1.,0,0;7P4110,0.,1.,0.,5.,1.,0.,0,0;9P5110,0.,1.,0.,5.,1.,0.,0,0;11P6S1G4D12P6T1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident_(missile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollerith_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10303http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computervisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_and_manufacturing_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeroxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability#Software



fc2001x.igsisanexampleIGESfilethatdemonstratesFontCode2001(Kanji)

Thefileisdividedinto5sections:Start,Global,DirectoryEntry,ParameterData,andTerminateindicatedbythecharactersS,G,D,P,orTincolumn73.Thecharacteristicsandgeometricinformationforanentityissplitbetweentwosectionsoneinatworecord,fixedlengthformat(theDirectoryEntry,orDESection),theotherinamultiplerecord,commadelimitedformat(theParameterData,orPDSection),ascanbeseeninamorehumanreadablerepresentationofthefile.[6]

Whendisplayed,theusershouldseetwoyellowpoints(hardtoseeonawhitebackground,butmostCADsystemsuseablackbackground),onelocatedattheoriginofmodelspace[0,0,0],tworedcirculararcs,andtwogreenlines.

ForeignLanguageSupport

Duetoitsgrowinginternationalpopularity(severalcountries,includingAustraliaandtheUK,adoptedIGESastheirownNationalStandardsforPMIinteroperability),supportwasaddedtotheTEXT(Type212)entitytosupporttheISO8859(Latin1)alphabetforEuropeancharacters.[7]

Inthe1990s,IGESaddedsupportfortheJISencodingforKanji()asdoublebytecharacters(JIS6226),allowingmembersoftheJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)toexchangepartmodelswiththeirAmericanandEuropeanpartnerswithoutlossoftheKanjitext.

ThecurrentversionofIGESdoesnotsupportUnicode16or32bitcharacterencoding,soArabicandotherscripts(likeThai)cannotberepresented.[8]

ARecursiveStandard

OneoftheuniquefeaturesoftheIGESstandardisthatitwasthefirstANSIStandardtobedocumentedusingitself.SinceVersion4.0,allofthetechnicalillustrationsfortheprintedversionofthestandardhavebeengeneratedfromIGESfiles.Theelectronicpublishingsystem(LaTeX)integratesrasterimagesgeneratedfromIGESfilesintothePostScriptsenttothelaserjetcomputerprinter,sotextandimagesareprintedonthesamepageforsubsequentuseascamerareadycopyforcommercialpublication.BeginningwithIGESVersion5.2,thisishowthestandardwasgenerated,andVersion5.3(themostrecentANSIapprovedversion)isavailableasaPDFdocument.[9]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_publishinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera-readyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fc2001x.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_jethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_encodinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0208http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Automobile_Manufacturers_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slot.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_(mathematics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode



Manyoftheillustrations(allofwhichconformtotheDefenseDepartment'sMILD28000EngineeringDrawingsSubsetofIGES)usetheentitiesthattheydescribe,e.g.,theillustrationoftheLEADER(ARROW)ENTITY(Type214)canbeusedasatestcasefortranslatorimplementers,becauseitcontainsall12arrowheadstylesdefinedbythestandard.TheseWYSIWYGexamplefilescanbedistinguishedbyaleading"F"andtrailing"X"inthefilename(likef214x.igs[10]),andthislibraryiscalledtheIGESXfilesbymembersoftheIGEScommunity.

Hereisoneoftheexamplefigures,Figure2fromAppendixA(fmeparte.igs[11]),thathasappearedineveryversionofIGESsinceVersion3.0.Ituseslinear,angular,andordinatedimensionentities,aswellasexamplesofbothcircularandconicarcs.ItisusuallythefirstpartusedwhentestinganIGEStranslator,becausethestandardhasapictureofwhatitshouldlooklike.

Seealso

References

1. "MILPRF28000B"(http://www.everyspec.com/MILPRF/MILPRF01000029999/MILPRF28000B_NOTICE1_27385/).everyspec.com.20110526.

2. "MILSTD1840C"(http://www.everyspec.com/MILSTD/MILSTD18001999/MILSTD1840C_4779/).everyspec.com.20110526.

3. "IGES"(http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,,t=&i=44758,00.asp).PCMagazine.4. "RotateanIGESpartfrom1990withJava"(http://www.wizworx.com/java/figa2.htm).5. "MISCIGESExampleFileslot"(http://www.wizworx.com/iges5x/misc/slot.shtml).6. "MISCIGESExampleFileslot(dump)"(http://www.wizworx.com/iges5x/misc/peek/slot.txt).7. "MISCIGESExampleFilefont3001"(http://www.wizworx.com/iges5x/misc/font3001.shtml).8. ButseeIGESRFC603,http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/IGES/rfc603.cfmthatproposesflaggedUTF8.9. "IGES5.3(ANSI1996)"(http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES53_forDownload.pdf).USProductData

Association.19960923.10. "WYSIWYGIGESExampleFilef214x"(http://www.wizworx.com/iges5x/wysiwyg/f214x.shtml).11. "MISCIGESExampleFilefiga2"(http://www.wizworx.com/iges5x/misc/figa2.shtml).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-fileshttp://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES5-3_forDownload.pdfhttp://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/slot.shtmlhttp://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/wysiwyg/f214x.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYGhttp://ts.nist.gov/Standards/IGES/rfc603.cfmhttp://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/font3001.shtmlhttp://www.everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-1800-1999/MIL-STD-1840C_4779/http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-PRF/MIL-PRF-010000-29999/MIL-PRF-28000B_NOTICE-1_27385/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figa2.gifhttp://www.wiz-worx.com/java/figa2.htmhttp://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,,t=&i=44758,00.asphttp://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/peek/slot.txthttp://www.wiz-worx.com/iges5x/misc/figa2.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic_sectionhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc603



Nagel,RogerN.Braithwaite,WaltW.Kennicott,PhilipR.(1980),InitialGraphicsExchangeSpecificationIGES,Version1.0,WashingtonDC:NationalBureauofStandards,NBSIR8019781982http://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=5LDgAAAAMAAJ1990http://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_representation_for_communication.html?id=tyFZAAAAYAAJDigitalRepresentationforCommunicationofProductDefinitionData:IGES5.2(InitialGraphicsExchangeSpecificationVersion5.2),USProductDataAssociation,November1993,ISBN9781885389008IGES/PDESOrganization(September23,1996),InitialGraphicsExchangeSpecification:IGES5.3(http://www.uspro.org/documents/IGES53_forDownload.pdf),N.Charleston,SC:U.S.ProductDataAssociation,"FormerlyanANSIStandardSeptember23,1996September2006"IGES/PDESOrganization(June28,2006),TheInitialGraphicsExchangeSpecification(IGES)Version5.x(Draft),IGES/PDESOrganization.BaselineversionwasJanuary12,1999.IGES/PDESOrganization(November30,2001),TheInitialGraphicsExchangeSpecification(IGES)Version6.0(Draft).BaselineversionwasJanuary5,1998.

Externallinks

"AGeneralDescriptionofIGES"(http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/iges.html).nist.gov.

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