IGC 2 Questions

8/19/2019 IGC 2 Questions

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IGC 2 Question & Answers

1. a. Identify Four types of ignition source that may lead to a fire in the workplace.

A. Sources of IGNITION

i. Smokers materialii. Naked flames

iii. Fi!ed or porta"le heatersi#. $ot processes e.g. welding

#. %ooking

#i. &lectrical e'uipment or machinery#ii. Static electricity

". Outline ways of controlling each of the ignition sources identified in (a).

i. The control of smoking * smoking materials+ good housekeeping to pre#ent the

accumulation of waste paper * other com"usti"le materials.

ii. ,egular lu"rication of machineryiii. Fre'uent inspection of electrical e'uipment are not o"structedi#. &nsuring #entilation outlets on e'uipment are not o"structed

#. %ontrolling hot work

#i. Security measures to pre#ent arson#ii. The pro#ision of proper storage facilities for flamma"le li'uids

#iii. And the segregation of incompati"le chemicals

-. Outline the factors that may reduce the affecti#eness of a local e!haust #entilation

(&/) system

i. 0oor design * a lack of maintenance * or periodic testing

ii. And the more immediate factorsiii. Such as the hood "eing placed too far from the source of the emission

i#. 2amaged or "locked filters

#. 3nauthori4ed alteration to the system#i. Incorrect settings

#ii. A faulty fan

#iii. And possi"le changes to the process leading to increased dustemissions.


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5. Outline the specific $a4ards associated with the use of "attery 6 powered fork 6 lift trucks+ and state the precautions necessary in each case.

A. $a4ards

•Splashes of chemical

• &lectrocution during charging of "atteries

• Fumes from "atteries

• 7anual handling issues

• %hemical "urns while refueling

%ontrol measures

• %harging connector should "e tightened

• Isolate the area of charging * only authori4ed personal should enter with

training

• 0ersonal protecti#e e'uipment should "e used e.g. goggles+ glo#es shoes

etc• 7anual handling training

• Information+ instruction training * super#ision

• 7onitoring * super#ision

8. Outline &ight precautions that should "e taken when lea#ing a fork 6 lift truck

unattended.

A. i. ,eturning the truck to a designated parking area where possi"le

ii. Applying the "rake * lea#ing controls in a neutral positioniii. &nsuring the forks are resting on the floor * the mast titled slightly forward

i#. A#oiding the o"struction of walkways+ e!its * fire points

#. And remo#ing the ignition key * returning it to a responsi"le person

9. a. 2efine the term :target organ; within the conte!t of occupational health

A.< The organ;s of the human "ody upon which a to!ic material e!erts its effects<

was all that was re'uired for full marks.

&g. As"estos * The lungs was commonly cited

". Outline the personal hygiene practices that should "e followed to reduce the

risk of ingestion of a ha4ardous su"stance.

A. i. =ashing hands "efore eatingii. The a#oidance of eating

iii. 2rinking * smoking in the workplacei#. 3tilising facilities for contaminated clothing

#. Appropriate use of glo#es

#i. And a#oiding hand > to> mouth contact where all rele#ant in this respect.


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?. Outline the control measures needed to ensure safety during e!ca#ation work on a

construction site.

A. i. The nature of the su"soil 6 For e!ample wet may re'uire close shoring withsheets.

ii. 0ro@ected life of the e!ca#ation 6 A trench "o! may gi#e readymade access

where it is only needed for short duration.iii. =ork to "e undertaken+ including e'uipment use 6 for e!ample The use of

the trench "o! for shoring where pipe @oints are made.

i#. The possi"ility of flooding from ground water and hea#y rain 6 close shoringwould "e re'uire.

#. The depth of the e!ca#ation 6 A shallow e!ca#ation may use "attering instead

of shoring+ particularly where shoring may impede access.

#i. The num"er of workers using the e!ca#ation at any one time 6 a lot of spacemay "e re'uired so cantile#er sheet piling may "e preferred.

#ii. 0re#ent collapse "y "attering the sides to a safe angle or supporting them with

sheeting or proprietary support systems.

#iii. 3se e!perienced workers for the erection and dismantling of tim"eringand other supports

i!. Ade'uate material must "e used to pre#ent danger from falls or fallingo"@ects.

. &!plain the tern Brespira"le dust


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#iii. Then outlined a techni'ue that included issues such as the correct positioning of

the feet

i!. eeping the "ack straight!. Dending only the knees

!i. ifting smoothly while keeping the load close to the "ody.

b. Individual: i. Slipped disk+ torn ligaments

ii. Tendon sprain or hernia

iii. %ausing cutsi#. A"rasions * e#en fractures.

1. 7o"ile tower scaffolds should always "e used on sta"le+ le#el ground

ist eight additional points that should "e considered to ensure safe use of a mo"iletower scaffold.H

A. i. &nsuring that the ratio of the height of the tower to its "ase dimensions is

appropriate ii. The pro#ision of ade'uate diagonal "racing

iii. A fully "oarded working platform with toe 6 "oards * guardrails in place i#. Safe means of access to the platform

#. 7eans for locking the wheels of the tower when work is in operation

#i. The use of outriggers #ii. %hecking that the condition of the ground on which the tower is sited is

suita"le (e.g. le#el * firm)

#iii. The errection and inspection of the scaffold "y competent persons.

11. Outline the main categories of Guards and Safe Guarding de#ices that may "eused to reduce the risk of contact with dangerous arts of machinery.

A. Guards are 8 types mainly

Fi!ed GuardInterlock Guard

Automatic Guard

Trip 2e#icesA fi!ed Guard is a physical "arrier+ $eld in its place at all times

Not linked to the machine operation+ re'uiring a special tool for its remo#al

e.g. Tree Shredding 7achine

Interlock Guard is a guard linked mechanically+ electrically+ or pneumatically to

the machine operation+ and pre#enting access when the machine is in a dangerous

position+ while also pre#enting operation of the machine when the guard is open.e.g. 0ower press machine

Automatic 7achine A guard which operates as the machine goes through its cycle

in some cases it physically mo#es the operator away from danger and he is therefore onlysuita"le for slow cycling e'uipment.

e.g arge panel machine

Trip 2e#ices A sensiti#e+ ca"le or other mechanism+ which causes the de#ice to

acti#ate a further mechanism which either stops or re#erse the machine.


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e.g 0ressure sensiti#e mats

1-. i. Outline the main ha4ards that may "e present during the demolition of a

"uilding.

A. i. Falls from a height

ii. Falling de"ris * premature collapseiii. 3se of e!plosi#es

i#. %ontact with noise from e'uipment * hea#y plant#. 2ust (possi"ly including as"estos)

#i. The possi"le presence of ser#ices such as electricity+ gas * water

15. Identify the possi"le risks to health associated with the use of display screen

e'uipment (2S&).

A. Significant health risks associated with display screen e'uipment relate to a range

of work related upper lim" disorders caused "y poor posture and or repetiti#emo#ement such conditions can cause pain+ swelling+ soreness or stiffness in

fingers+ wrists+ el"ows or shoulders.

Other risks are:

i. &ye 6 strain or migraine from uncorrected eyesight pro"lems or poor

workstation layout

ii. Fatigueiii. Stress

i#. And+ in rare cases+ facial dermatitis ( which is thought to "e more

related to the working en#ironment than the workstation or e'uipment

itself)D. Identify the features of a chair to ensure it is suita"le for use at a 2S&+

workstation.

A. ,eference should ha#e "een made to factors such asi. The height and ad@usta"ility of the monitor

ii. Arrangements for the key"oard+ such as wrist support+ or separate from

the monitoriii. The ad@usta"ility and sta"ility of the chair pro#ided for the operator

i#. The positioning of the pointing de#ices

#. The location of the workstation with regard to lighting and glare


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#i. &n#ironmental issues such as noise+ temperature+ humidity and

draughts and ca"le management

18. An organi4ation uses small 'uantities of to!ic chemicals.

A .Identify the possi"le routes of entry of to!ic chemicals into the "ody.

a. Inhalation ". Ingestion

c. A"sorption

d. In@ection

D. 2escri"e acute and chronic health effects.

i Acute &ffects %ontinuous personal monitoring with rapid response+ %ontinuous

"ackground monitoring with rapid response+ Short term readings of "ackground

contaminant le#els at selected positions and times.ii. %hronic effects %ontinuous personal dose measurement+ continuous measurement

of a#erage "ackground le#els+ Short term readings of containment le#els at selected positions and times.

%. Identify four sources of information which could "e used in the assessment of risk

of to!ic chemicals.i. 0ro#iding ha4ard information

ii. a"elling

iii. 7aterial Safety 2ata Sheets

i#. imitations of Information in assessing risks to health

2. Outline the control measures that might "e re'uire in order to minimi4e risks to

workersi. &limination (e.g. Dy introducing pre 6 formed components or

outsourcing the dusty operation)

ii. Su"stitution (e.g. of powder "y granules+ li'uid or paste)iii. Isolation of the process in a separate room

i#. &nclosure ( in a glo#e "o!+ for instance)

#. The pro#ision of &/

#i. Suppression "y damping down and carrying out cleaning operations "y#acuuming rather than sweeping.

-. Identify the control measures that could "e implemented to reduce the risks to

pedestrians in areas where #ehicles are maneu#ering.

A. i. Segregated systems for #ehicular and pedestrian traffic

ii. Appropriate road markingsiii. 7aintaining good #isi"ility ( mirrors+ transparent doors+ pro#ision of

lighting etc)

i#. And audi"le warnings on #ehicles

#. 2rawing up and enforcement of site rules


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#i. The pro#isions of refuges

#ii. The wearing of high 6 #isi"ility clothing

#iii. A good standard of housekeepingi!. And training for and super#ision of all concerned

-1. &!ca#ation work is "eing carried out on a construction site+ Identify the control

measures needed to reduce the risk to workersH

A. i. =ho might "e harmed "y a collapse of the e!ca#ation

ii. %ontact with "uried ser#icesiii. Ingress of water

#. Duild 6 up of fumes or "eing struck "y falling materials+ important as these are

"roader answers also included dangers associated with

#i. The e!ca#ation machinery (e.g. contact with o#erhead lines)#ii. The effect on ad@acent structures

#iii. And the possi"ility of #ehicles or people falling into unprotected

e!ca#ations

i!. Support of sides (shoring+ "enching+ etc)!. 2etection of ser#ices (e.g. from plans+ use of ca"le pipe detectors+ etc)

!i. Storage of materials+ e'uipment and spoil away from edge!ii. 7eans of pre#enting #ehicles falling into the e!ca#ation or causing collapse (e.g.

stop "locks)

iii 7eans of pre#enting people falling in ( guard 6 rails+ "arriers+ crossing points andco#ers)

--. Identify four mechanical ha4ards associated with the use of a pedestal drill

A. i. &ntanglement of hair with the drill "it or chuck ii. Sta""ing in@uries from the end of the "it

iii. %ontact with the drill "it or chuck resulting in a"rasions

i#. And e@ection of+ or impact "y+ unclamped work pieces+ made worse "y the fact thatthe work piece may "e spinning at fast speed on the "it.

#. %utting ha4ards may also "e presented "y metal swarf produced "y the drilling

process

D. Outline four control measures to reduce the risk of in@ury to operators of pedestal

drills.

A. i The fitting of guards to protect the "lades

ii. The pro#ision of personal protecti#e e'uipment such as car defenders+ eye

protection+ and high #isi"ility clothingiii. %oming off areas in close pro!imity to mo#ing traffic

i#. Training dri#ers in operating the machine on sloping ground+ in re>

fuelling procedures and in carrying out routine maintenance work

-5. Outline precautions that should "e taken to reduce the risk of in@ury from electrical

e'uipment in a workplace.


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A. i. The need to check that the appliance is of a suita"le type for the operations to "e

carried out

ii. That the connecting plugs are in sound condition and sockets noto#erloaded that the fuses fitted are of the correct rating

iii. That the appliance is operated at reduced #oltage (where

appropriate) andor protected "y a ,%2i#. That ca"les are undamaged and routed safely

#. And that the causing of the appliance is in good condition

Almost without e!ception+ additional reference was made to the need to

check that a 0AT has "een carried out and is current+ and that the rele#antinformation is pro#ided.

-8. Outline the possi"le health effects from e!posure to high le#els of noise.

A. i. 0hysiological damage to the sensory hair cells in the inner ear

ii. Affecting sounds within the audi"le fre'uency range iii. 0rogressi#ely worsening with continued e!posure

D. Gi#e two e!amples of noise control techni'ues+ other than personal hearing

protection that would "enefit all workers

A. i. Insulating the noise "y the erection of "arriers or screensii. Fitting a silencer to the chisel andor lagging it with a @acket

iii. %o#ering e!posed surfaces with a"sor"ent material

i#. 7inimi4ing e!posure times "y carrying out the operation where

possi"le at times when employees f the factory are not at work #. And pro#iding hearing protection for the operator and workers

-9. Identify safe working practices for the use of a mo"ile ele#ating work platform

(7&=0)

A i. The need to inspect the e'uipment "efore use and to ensure it is in a good state of

repair ii. 3sing only competent workers using outriggers and "rakes

iii. &recting warning signs and "arriers to a#oid collisions

#. &nsuring the platform is not o#erloaded

#i. A#oiding o#erhead o"structions#ii. And wearing a harness

-? a. Identify types of ha4ards that may cause slips or tricks at work

A. i. 0oor design of the staircase ( inade'uate handrails)ii. Steep

iii. 0oor treadriser ratio etc

i#. Slippery condition of the stairs (highly polished+ icy+ oily+ etc)#. A poor state of repair (e.g. worn steps or loose co#erings)

#i. O"struction on the stairs

#ii. A poor standard of lighting


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#iii. Dad practice (including the carrying of loads+ rushing+ improper

footwear+ etc)

D+ Outline how slips and trips ha4ards in the workplace might "e controlledH i. The initial design and layout of the workplace+ with designated walkways and

non>slips floors

ii. A system of maintenance that ensures that prompt repair of floor defects such asholes and "umps

iii. 0roducedures for a#oiding and dealing with spillages

i#. The pro#isions of ade'uate lighting and highlighting strips to warn of adifference in le#els

#. A good standard of housekeeping (including the proper management of

ca"les and hoses)

#i. 0rocedures for reporting defects and incidents

-. &!ca#ation work is "eing carried out on a construction side identify the control

measures needed to reduce the risk to workersA. i. Support of sides (shoring+ "enching+ etc)

ii. 2etection of ser#ices (e.g. from plans+ use of ca"lepipe detectors+ etc)iii. Storage of materials+ e'uipment and spoil away from edge

i#. 7eans of pre#enting #ehicles falling into the e!ca#ation or causing

collapse (e.g. stop "locks)#. 7eans of pre#enting people falling in (guard 6 rails+ "arriers+ crossing

points and co#ers)

#i. 7eans of pre#enting collapse of ad@acent structures

#ii. Safe means of access and egress#iii. Testing for and #entilation of no!ious fumes

i!. 7eans of pumping out water

!. 0rocedures for working with mechanical plant+ and general issues as such asa. Inspection

". Training

c. Super#isiond. The use of 00& (e.g. for protection against contaminants)

-C. Outline the factors that may lead to occupational stress amongst workersH

A. Stress is reflected in relationships at work asi. Tension "etween colleaguessuper#isors

ii. 0oor ser#ice to clients

iii. 2eterioration in industrial relationsi#. Increase in disciplinary pro"lems

-E. a. Identify the effects on the human "ody from a se#ere electric shockH

A. i. %ardio 6 respiratory effectsii. In particular the risk of fatal in@ury due to disruption of heart rhythm as far

as tissue "urns are concerned+ candidates should ha#e referred to the

iii. 7ain sites of damage as "eing the entry and e!it points

i#. To the possi"ility of damage to internal organs


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". Identify four factors that could effect the se#ere of in@ury resulting from contact with

electricityH A. i. The route taken through the "ody

ii. The length of contact time

iii. The general health and age of the person in#ol#ed i#. Those factors that might affect the si4e of current passing through the "ody

#. 2ryness of the skin

#i. Natural "ody resistance

#ii. Ground conditions

#iii. Type of footwear

5. a+ In relation to the classification of fires+ gi#e a e!ample of a material(Fuel) that

falls with in each of the classes a.".c.d

A. Class A Fire in#ol#ing solids 6 wood+ paper or plastic (usually material of an

organic nature)

Class B Fires in#ol#ing li'uids or li'uefia"le solids 6 petrol+ oil+ paint+ fat or

wa!

Class C Fires in#ol#ing gases 6 li'uefied petroleum gas+ natural gas or acetylene

Class D Fires in#ol#ing metals 6 sodium+ magnesium+ aluminums and many

metal powders

Class E: Fires in#ol#ing electrical apparatus+ In many cases+ electricity is asource of heat

Class F or K Fires in#ol#ing cooking oils and fats.

b. Identify two methods of heat transfer and e!plain how each method contri"utes to thespread of fire.

A. %on#ection The mo#ement of hotter gases up through the air (hot air rises)e.g. Smoke and hot gases rising up staircase through an open door.

%onduction The mo#ement of heat through a material (usually solid)

e.g. A metal "eam or pipe transmitting heat through a solid wall.,adiation Transfer of heat as in#isi"le wa#es through the air ( the air or gas is not

heated "ut solids * li'uids in contact with the heat are)

2irect Durning %om"usti"le materials in direct contact with naked flame

e.g. %urtains or carpet tiles may "e consumed "y com"ustion and ena"le

fire to "e transferred along them to other parts of a "uilding.

51. Outline the ha4ards that a worker could "e e!posed to when using petrol dri#en

chainsaw to cut down a treeH

A. i. %ontact with mo#ing parts of the chainsaw (the chain in particular)


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ii. &!posure to fumes and dust

iii. 7anual handling ha4ards

i#. Noise and #i"ration #. &@ected particles and fragments

#i. Falling o"@ects (ultimately+ the tree itself)

#ii.Fire and e!plosion ha4ards from the fuel#iii. $ot parts of the chainsaw

i!. 3ne#en andor wet ground

!. The use of lu"ricating oils!i. &!posure to sunlight

5-. BA maintenance worker regularly use a hand held grinder+ and is e!posed to

#i"ration<a. Identify the symptoms that the worker may e!perience due to this e!posure

A. =orker who suffers from #i"ration may e!perience intencity le#els distur"ing

to comfort

ii. ong term regular e!posure to #i"ration is known to lead permanent andde"ilitating health effects such as #i"ration white finger

iii. oss of sensation and paini#. Num"ness in the hand+ arms + spine and @oints

These effects are collecti#ely known as hand arm or whole "ody #i"ration syndrome.

". Outline si! control measures that can "e used to reduce the risk from #i"ration.

A. The employeer must seek to eliminate the risk of #i"ration at source if not

reasona"ily practica"le+ reduce it to as low a le#el as is reasona"ly practica"leii. =here the personal dialy e!posure limit e!ceed the employeer must reduce the

e!posure "y implementing a program of organi4ational and technical measures

iii. 7easures include the use of other methods of work+ ergonomics+ maintenance of e'uipment+

i#. 2esign and layout+ rest facilities+ information instruction and training

#. imitations "y schedules and "reaks#i. 0ro#ision of 0ersonal 0rotecti#e &'uipment to protect from cold and damp

55. Identify eight common causes of fire in the work placeH

A. i. $ot worksii. 2iscarded lighted cigarette end or match

iii. Smouldering waste

i#. 3n attended "urning or poor electrical connectionsi!. O#er loading electrical circuits and using fuses of too high rating

!. Failure to follow ser#icing instructions

!i. Failure to repair faulty machinery e'uipment promptly!ii. &lectrical short circuit+ &lectrical earth fault

!iii. %auses for local o#erheating

!i#. &lectrical insulation failure


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!#. 2eli"erate Ignition (e.g. Insurance fraud+ aggri#ed persons+ concealment

of another crime+ political acti#ists or #andalism)

58. a. Gi#e the meaning of the term :ergonomics;

A. &rgonomics+ often reffered to as women factors in the united states is the :application of the scientific information concerning humans to the design of

the o"@ects+ systems and en#ironment for human use; &rgonomics comes into

e#erything which in#ol#es people

". Identify the possi"le health effects that may "e caused "y the poor ergonomic

design of display screen e'uipment workstations.

A. 7usculoSkeletal2isorder (7S2s) %an effect the "ody muscles+ @oints tendons+

ligaments and ner#es.

ii. 7S2s affects the "ack+ neck+ shoulder and upper lim"siii. $ealth pro"lems range from this comfort minor aches and pains

i#. To more serious medical conditions re'uiring time off work and e#en medicaltreatment.

#. 7ore chronic cases+ treatment and reco#ery are often unsatisfactory the result could

"e permanent disa"ility and loss of employment#i =ork ,elated 3pper im" 2isorders (=,32)

%arpal Tunnel Syndrome

Tenosyno#itis

Tendinitis0eretendinitis

&picondylitis

$and arm #i"ration syndrome

c. Identify the factors to "e considered in an ergonomic assessment of a display

screen e'uipment workstation.A.

59. Identify the main ha4ards associated with demolition work

A. $a4ards 2emolition is pro"a"ly the most ha4ardous operation undertaken in

the construction industry. The principal ha4ards are+

i. Falls of workers+ falls of materials+ flying materials+ dust and de"ris+resulting in a wide range of in@uries and conditions+ some of which are of

a fatal nature

ii. %ollapse of a "uilding or structure+ either deli"erately or unplannediii. O#erloading of floors or the structure with de"ris+ resulting in floor andor

"uilding collapse

i#. &!plosions in tanks or other confined spaces

#. 0resence of li#e electric ca"le or gas mains


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#i. 0resence of dusty+ corrosi#e and poisonous materials andor atmospheres

#ii. 0ro@ecting nails in tim"er+ e.g. Droken Glass and %ast Iron Fragments+

which can penetrate the hands+ feet and parts of the "ody.

5?. B A worker is manually loading "o!es of components onto metal shel#es


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E. Dampin: 7echanical #i"ration can "e con#erted into heat "y damping

materials (e.g. metalplastic metal panels).

F. !ilen"ers: 0ipe"o!es can "e designed to reduce airgas noise (e.g. engine

e!haust silencers+ duct silencers etc).

". State two other methods that could "e adopted if the controls in were not ade'uateH

A. For"e redu"tion: ,educe impacts "y using ru""er pads or lower drop heights

Air E#haust and $et silen"ers: 0roprietary silencers can "e used.

5C a. &!plain with the aid of a sketch what is meant "y the term :fire triangle;H

A i. Fuelii. O!ygen

iii. A source of ignition (that must "e present for com"ustion to occur)

". ist the methods of heat transfer that may cause a fire to spreadH A. The four methods of heat transfer that should ha#e "een identified in

i. %onductionii. %on#ection

iii. ,adiation

i#. 2irect "urning5E. Outline the influencing factors which would determine the first aid pro#ision for a

multi 6 storey office "lock.

A.

8. a. Outline the function and limitation of a fuse as an electrical protection de#ice.

A. This us a de#ice designed to automatically cut off the power supply to a circuit withina gi#en time when the current flow in that circuit e!ceeds a gi#en #alue. A fuse may "e a

rewira"le tinned copper wire in a suita"le carrier or a wire or wires in an enclosed

cartridge.

In effect it is a weak link in the circuit that melts when heat is created "y too high a

current passing through the thin wire in the fuse case. =hen this happens the circuit is

"roken and no more current flows. Fuses tend to ha#e rating in the order of Amperesrather than mA which means it has limited use%ulness in prote"tin people %romele"tri" sho"k.

b. =ith the aid of a diagram descri"e the operation of a residual current de#ice (,%2)H

A. An electro 6 mechanical switching de#ice is used to automatically isolate the supplywhen there is a difference "etween the current flowing into a de#ice and the current

flowing from the de#ice. Such a difference might result from a fault causing current

leakage+ with possi"le fire risks or the risk of shock current when a person touches a

system and pro#ides a path to earth for the current. ,%2s can "e designed to operate at


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low currents and fast response times (usually 5 mA and 5 seconds) and thus they

reduce the effect of an electric shock. Though they do not pre#ent the person recei#ing

an electric shock they are #ery sensiti#e and operate #ery 'uickly and reduce some of the primary effects of the shock.

81. Outline the ha4ards associated with working in trenches on construction sites.A. The ha4ards of work in and around e!ca#ations

i. Falls o% E&uipment' (aterials and )ersons Fallin into the E#"avations: =henworkers are working "elow ground in e!ca#ations+ the pro"lems are #ery similar to those

faced when workers are working at a height 6 falls and falling o"@ects.

ii. Collapse o% the E#"avation: Often+ the soil and earth that make up the sides of thee!ca#ation cannot "e relied upon to support their own weight+ leading to the possi"ility

of collapse.

iii. Collapse o% !tru"tures *earb+: &!ca#ations that are carried out within close pro!imity to e!isting "uildings or structures may result in their foundations "ecoming

undermined and create the potential for significant settling damage to occur or worsestill+ collapse.

i#. Buried !ervi"es: Although electricity ca"les pro#ide the most o"#ious risk+ gas pipes+ water mains+ drains and sewers can all release dangerous su"stances.

#. Flood: 3nless a ma@or watercourse is "reached+ leading to a massi#e ingress of water+

drowning is not likely to "e an issue. $owe#er+ hea#y rainfall+ "reaking into drains anddigging "elow the natural water ta"le can all lead to flooding.

#i. ,a-ardous !ubstan"es: 2igging may unco#er "uried materials that ha#e the potential to "e ha4ardous to health. The history of the site should "e e!amined to try

identify if su"stances ha#e "een "uried on the site during its pre#ious use.

8-. a. State - types of in@ury that could "e caused "y incorrect manual handlingH

A. i. 7uscular strains ii. Torn ligaments * in@uries to the spine from handling and carrying "ags of

unknown weight o#er #arying distances and then lifting them into the ear.

There was also the danger of cuts and a"rasions arising from contact with the contents

of the "ags with possi"le "one and flesh in@uries following slips+ trips and falls o#er

ker"s and other o"structions.

". 2escri"e the techni'ue that could "e adopted to reduce the pro"a"ility of (a)


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A. 3nder the heading Btask< for instance+ there was a range of issues to "e considered

such as

i. Fre'uency of the acti#ityii. /ertical and hori4ontal distances to "e lifted transported

iii. 2istance of the load from the "ody

i#. Awkward "ody mo#ement and so on

85. B2iesel powered fork 6 lift trucks are used in a wide range of organi4ations and can

introduce additional ha4ards into the working en#ironment<

a. Identify four ha4ards associated with such #ehicles that may pose a risk to the health

of dri#ersH

A. Such ha4ards include i. &!posure to fumes

ii. The possi"ility of fire or e!plosion iii. %ontact with the mo#ing parts of the strimmer

i#. Deing struck "y flying stones and fragments

#. Noise and #i"ration #i. 7anual handling

#ii. Slips+ trips and falls

#iii. The possi"ility of "eing struck "y mo#ing traffic

i!. The e!posure to e!treme weather conditions

". 2escri"e the #arious circumstances that may cause such a #ehicle to o#erturn

A. i. O#erloading or une#en loading

ii. %ornering at e!cessi#e speed

iii. $itting o"structions i#. 2ri#ing too close to the edges of em"ankments or e!ca#ations

#. 7echanical defects

#i. Inappropriate tyre pressures

#ii. 2ri#ing across slopes.

c. Outline the precautions that may "e needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in areas

where fork 6 lift trucks are operating.

A. i. Segregated systems for #ehicular and pedestrian traffic

ii. Appropriate road markings iii. 7aintaining good #isi"ility (mirrors+ transparent doors+ pro#ision of lighting etc)

i#. Audi"le warnings on #ehicles


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88. =ith respecti#e manual handling acti#ities<

a. Identify ways in which the nature of a load may present a risk of in@ury

A. The si4e and weight of the load ii. The possi"ility that the contents might mo#e and the load "ecome un"alanced

iii. The position of the centre of gra#ity

i#. 2ifficulty in securing a firm grasp of the load #. The presence of sharp edges.

". State 8 factors relating to the indi#idual that may increase risk of in@ury

A. Address the si4e and weight of the load

ii. The location to which it is to "e mo#ed

iii. Then outlined a techni'ue that included issues such as the correct positioningof the feet

i#. eeping the "ack straight

#. Dending only the knees

#i. The lifting smoothly while keeping the load close to the "ody

89. a. Identify two main functions of First 6 Aid TreatmentH

A. Firstly+ the preser#ation of life andor the minimi4ation of the conse'uences of serious

in@ury ii. Secondly+ the treatment of minor in@uries that do not need medical attention

". Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of a first aid pro#ision in

the work place.

A. i. Num"er and distri"ution of employees

ii. The ha4ards and associated risks in the workplace iii. The distance of the workplace from the nearest emergency hospital

i#. The need to pro#ide co#er for shift work+ staff holidays and sickness

#. The possi"ility of cooperating with other employers in shared premises

8?. Identify the factors to "e considered to ensure the health and safety of persons who

are re'uired to work away from the work place

A i. The type of work to "e done and its attendant ha4ards and risk

ii. The e'uipment to "e used

iii. The work en#ironment i#. The control measures in place

The competence and suita"ility of the persons in#ol#ed+ the meathods of communication

with the home "ase+ and emergence * first 6 aid procedures would all "e rele#ant in thisrespect.


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IGC 2 Questions