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HEADQUARTERS THIRD UNITED STATES ARMY
4~i iFORT WPHERSON, GEORGIA
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1will
":I II'L .u w wT Tu .1! ,
OCT 1961
I R AID
IN THE HA S
o .. ~ ER
BestAvailable
Copy
Fdrt *1Pherson, Georgia-
M.EDICAL
Firat Aid In the Ho~e
ftmPhlet, 1-1, First Ad In -the, icme, Ia pub~ished for infor-mation.- (AJASU)
1C TP.. Cc'1MAIER:
OFFICIAL: R1CU4RD:W. ~OUEy
(Colonelt ACCAcigAdjutant Gvnemil
SPECIAL DISTRnUPWNe:I1 ey to~ eaL lr~ilidual officer and
enlitt4 m~r vith de~pendents -
DEPRTENT-~THE ARMYf ARI fIELD UNIr. SINNmING
SU, b, AMMY N*LICAHCH WS1ITUTE VOR THE SENAVIORAL AND $"#AL SCIENCCS0* O 2064 iefORT SINNIN, GEORGIA 31005
8 August 1979
SubJIecT: Shipmengt 41 Utuw~n~s
t i m e t ni e ~ d I I 4 )(ti b t t
Ale~xandria, VA 21~314
~Thu I)umumL III thiv M11;1cWellLX tire approved4 for public ribleaso. The
dhlsrlbutioa Ini matimaud.
FOR TOP.~ (2119F:
R41) Coordinetor
F'Ol7IIORD
'Ti A booklet it Intended as a guide to help you toprevent accidento and to give aiple first aid whenc:.-e:>ernciel do arise.f,
Yc.u are alvays velcome to receive treatment and careat ay::: r. ,epital. aihe .hopitl sta f is aware of the;.;::, r:-'vpcn3bilties involved In providing superior:TlcQ cr-Icc to authori:ed personnel. We ask your*"crti .Cn ard underatandlr, wher. applying for medicaln::c. .c . , to use the appoint.ment syste:n In all
i atlento vho arc in need of ccrgency medical t.reat-.- ent i ill te Geen at any time. Emergency medical care isthc care piven to patients who are physically unable towait; it is given to save life and 1Lb and to preventjnd4uc zuaering. Yoi vill be given definitive treaten.tin a -t.-tcous and .ort Judicious manner.
NTIS GRAat '-~DDC TAB
Unamou1fl~
__________on
______________Cod _
Abdmina P aifn ---------------- c 3 l7mec msae emm
Artificial l ..piratio e -------. 3 106e e ense------- ..... 37,e.tts --- 6--m--------------- 6-" 6ee ............. . 16
... ....-- -0. .... ... .. . . F rasc -o s -f- -- .... ...si._ . .. -20
A .n.ts ------ e--am----m--e--- 6 Jrgctied ?) .."..a. .e..ee .. a 20Chigger* ........... -- -. a... 6 FrostbiteA (See Exposare to-Cold)Poisonous Snakes ------------ 6 Effect of Heat c .............. 18Noopoisboms Snakes --------- 7 Heat Crops ---------------- 18Ticks -- c- a ................ 7 Hsat Exhustion. -- ec-a-canes 19
Bleeding ---------------------- 8 Heatstroke ----.-- --...... 19Internal---am---- -...... -- -. 9 Hoa Safety and Prev*ntiveMassive -------------- ------ 9 Measures .............. -- 28Ros8e ---- -ecc--- ............ 9 Poisoning By Mouth ----------- 21
Bli ter -me....m............ace 11 Acids eamen........a.ace 22mBoils ......................... 11 Alkaiec ------ e- --------- 22
Bruises ------.. ---------------- 8 Carbolic Acid .....e...c..m a 22B crns ........ ............. 11 Food ..-.......... a-...... 23
CheMical -------------cc----- 12 Mushroom ------------------ 24
Major a..e..c......... -m.c..m 12 Petrolefm Distiflates .... n.a 23Broken Bones (See Fractures)-- 20 S1eeping pills._----------- 23I Carbon -onoxide Poisoning ----- 12 S.licyltes.............. 23CivL Defense .......... mace... 34 Wood AllceeI scam--- ac-- 23
t Fallout --------------- s---e- 35 Poisoning, Botulint mc...... 24
How Shelter# ----------- c--- 35 Poisoning, Plant ------------- 25
Warning Signals ------------- 35 IVY .......................-. 25
Colds 13-----------------------.13 O eaE ..... a ........ .M oo... 25tConwussion -------------------- 20 sumas--,................ 25
convulsic -------------------... Scratches -------------------- 14Cougb.smm - c-e----------c--c------ 13 Shockaa --- e26e ccaeac e
Cut------..------------------- 14 Splinters -------------------- 26
Diarr4hQesca --- a---c----------- 15 SprainS cms cee -------- mine 2T'Earache -----m -acme ........... 15 stings ac------m-- ema-.. ---- 8-xpo.ixr -to Coldc- .......... 17 eec ...............ca ..e . 8
t" I F ~ng ...... c-- .. ...... . 15 Hornet ------ en-m-- em -m- 8Fever ---------------. .... 16 VWp eec.s.m- ........ .... c 8
Foreign-Bodies ----- 16 Strinsec - e- c ....m.e..aea.. 28.
FIRST AID AND HOW SAFETY
FIRST AID
First aid i. the help you can provide an injured person until profes-slocal itdical assistance can be obtained. You owe it to yourself,your fstily, and neighbors to k~w and understand the simple proceduresto be applied quickly ad Intelligently when an emergency occurs.
Knowledge of first aid prrcedures can:
. Prevent accidents.
2. Help you do the right thing at the right time.
3. Prevent added injury or danger to an accident victim.
We urge you to famnliarize yourself with the contents or thisbooklet beore emergencies arise so that you will be able to renderimmediate assistance when necessary.
~FIRST MM MOR FIRST AID
The following rules should be followed in any serious emergency:
1. Remain Calm: If the patient is conscious, reassure him andtry to rein ca. Your calmess can allay his fear, anxiety, andp.anc. It will convince him everything is under control. You. will beable to think clearly, act rapidly, and efficiently.
2. Establish a Clear Air t Make sure the patient is breathing.All efforts are in vain if the Victi, has stopped breathing.
3. Stoo the .leegM: Apply constant pressure 0irectly over thevound until bleeding stops. Do not elevate the injured part if it isbroken. Use a tourulqut only as a last resort.
4. Protect the Wound: Keep the wound clean. Cover it with asimple ste',e #so. This step will help to prevent furtherinfectiov
5. Prevent Shock: Have the patient le flat e"d quiet. Keep himcocfortabwa-M7T -he can swallo,, give him war fluids. Do not giveanything by muth to a patient vbo is voiting or is uncosciouA
6. Do M Move the Patient: Unless absolutely neceseary, do notmove the patient. Do not turn or manipulate jiim; do not encourage himto sit or stand up. Have him lie flat on his back until medical,assistance arrives. If it is necessary to move himv splint him at thesite of the accident before moving.
HOW FIRST AID SUPPLIES
Purchase only a few cimple, but necessary, supplies, An elaborateor expensive kit is not necessary. Drug stores sell prepacked first aidki-ts. If you desire. you can make up ycur ovn kit.
All first aid supplies should be kept in a separate container andmarked distinctly. The container should be kept unlocked in a specificlocation so that it will be readily available vhen needed. The kitshould be in a sate place cut or the reach or small children.
Th 4ov1.vina check list of buic supplies should be sufficient:
SoapSterile gaze dressingBandagesBrwd AidsAdhesiveSterile absorbent cottonLarge triangular bandage (clean sheeting can be substituted)Vaseline gauze dressing packetsRazor bladeScissorsSharp knifeTWeezersSafety pinsFlashlightMedicine dropperMedicine glass or measuring cupThermometerMedicines
Tube of Petroleum JellyTable salt
Baking sodaSpirits or AmmoniaUniversal Antidote for poison
2
__I
ABDOMNAL PAIN-
t Abdominal pain can be caused by overeatin, appenicitis, eating wron
foods, and many other reasons. If the patient has nausea and/or Vomitingwith persistent abdorinal pain, consult a doctor. Do not give a laxative.
If there is no fever, nausea, or vomiting, and abdomen is soft,have patient rest quietly in bed. Give varm liquids and bland diet,if tolerated. Call a doctor if the pain persists.
ARTIFICIAL ESPIRAION
iediately. The most effective method of artificial respiration is
mouth to mouth, or mouth to nose breathing.
I outh to v mth breathing technique is as follows: -- ]-
1. Position the patient flat on his back.
2. Turn head to one side and vipe fluid,vomitus, or foreign body from mouth and throatith fingers. rile dtlo. ho. beeb
o -Cla polsiao .opeod.
3. Tilt the head back to extend the necksharply.
. Lift the Jaw foriard. Place the thumb• into the mouth with thumb behind incisor teeth.
Do not hold tr dcpress tongue. Grasp the jawfirmly and lift forvard to pull the tonguefor-tard out or the air passage.
5. Form an airtight seal. r.i or Posh the I
a. Pinch the nostrils closed to avoidleaking air from nose.
i , b. % scuer opens mouth videly,, places
it over victim's mouth and recuer's thunt, andform an airtIght seal with his lips.
Oj0.o peef oeu(A vlE.
Plots it Ildtly oor ths.he 7 1.'. oett. Pinch
visi. t** Wte Sotg,rI _ _ _ _ _'_ _ _efe ¢
_____________________________ 7e.7--7
ir
o6. 31. to inflate victim's lungs, r -
[ : a* Blow firam. +.Or C1,0 saoirlio with,
b. Observe victim's chest rise as lungs the of-yeer
inflate.
c. If chest does not rise* check to-see+ if" airway in clear*
7. Remove mouth from victim's mouthp tumrnhead to one sides and inhale,
Or cise #A* Vwehilea. Note fall of victim's chest as he o1it 00 ,i.a year
breathes outs .e.eh .w.r theeo
b. Hear and feel air escape from victim's
lungs*
8. Repeat the procedur. -
a. Repeat deep rapid breaths tor firstthirty seconds to oxygenate victim.
b. After thirty secondss continue deep ... , or s....breaths at the rate of 12-20 times per minute.
c. If the victim is a child, use shallovbreaths at 20 times per minute.
9. Continue resuscitation until victim Is Irecovered,i N
The procedure for mouth to nose breathingIs the sme as for mouth to mouth breathing.Th difference Is that the mouth is sealed air- J1,+W. ?#or ae.ti. n..
?*we 6*04 to the 0140,
tight and the rescuer blove into the patient$.P 11.. for Irets, .firl.-nose. The rescuer places his mouth over the foods.victim's noe and blovs.
Severs ohstp poet &bog***soulder blooof 00? di*-
3 ledg. loroijs ioter freeWittod s hret. I
OWFl1ICIAL 'S-MiA7IC.1i Infants ar4 smA.U oblidran - o{oth to rgowth tsollniqUe
Wt~Ia yitt!Iel i-COjgn r#.tor trcs mouth xo
lMis to IW.t oeor Jaw frm~ benoaMh & abnd it,0 It .j*t5 UAt (asvlth &duts)-
fla. :ur moukiovor tlh mouthi And res of*'It,-oof" :g41. Irqathno cwhild
It ~r MA4 0M)*I 70 ' b1Vc)V4, KMd YOU0L*nt itrtoh otsil/ Into hild chok 11'utlnr
; "VIibn or '16 't4 vi st.r# 1,wo ),As not
2. It Lir p~wt kro still lctspMI. ~ ~cld ty An)ks-.or--: rid chald htad-dem oweant of -,-r art-& LAM (Ivfoseveral s&*rp pt
'Ol(u c wmI L
1.$ 7XV'A of ~atAri =wosp to coIns, !r food.
h :=, to open wir p~snc'a.
LI~JA~ ~Pto kwap his tonet VUt of air FALS54.
i~I1~1I ~4W(or lips) to prevtnt mAr lva)a,Api An You V10K.
UN urti1 rwl *so his ch~est rive.
LIVt for snorlr4 and Crg11ngxiC!.s or thromt obstruction.
i~ZlkT10 - 20 Vzos a ftut
C1N-M'5- ______M-AVIN
BITES
Animal Bites: If the bite is from a dog, cat, squirrel, fox, skunk,bat, or any other animal, try to catch the Animal, or obtain assistance . ,in catching the animal. This is important. Use extreme care in atteript-ing to catch the animal. Turn him over to the local health authoritiesfor observation. Ileport all animal bites to the hospital. To treat:
i. Cleanse wound thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Rinse with running water.
3. Paint vith antiseptic.
4i. Apply sterile dressing.
5. Consult with doctor.
6. Report bite to proper authority (hospital or private physician).
Insect (Ants, Mosquitoes, Chiggers) Bites: Kny insect bites causeswelhng, irritation, and inflammation. They can lie poisonous. Infectionfrequently occurs as a direct result from scratcning. The following firstaid measures should give relief:
1. Wash the area.
2. Apply cold compresses.
3. Apply calomine lotion or alcohol to relieve itching.
4. If patient complains of aching auscles and pain, call a doctor.
Snake Bites:
1. Poisonous: The specific treatment for poisonous snake bite isantivenin which should be given as soon as possible to neutralize thepoison. Pharmcies sell or rent snake-bite kits containing antivenin,instruments) and instructions. It possiblep it is best to have a doctorgive the antivenln; however, anyone trained in first aid can administerit. These kits should be carried by campers and outdoorsmen who visit insnake infested areas. If there is no antivenin available and you areunable to suitn medical assistance, use the incision-suction mothod.Incision-suctiou method:
a. Act quickly and calmly.
6
hps b. Make victim lie dovn and keep absolutely quiet. (Movement'helps spread poison).
c. Apply a tight bandage around the extremity a few inches abovethe bite. Have the bandage tight enough to make the veins stead out, butnot tight enough to cut off arterial circulation.
aini'ed. Use sna.e-bite kit, if available. The kit contains a tourniqut,a knife or razor blade, antiseptic, and suction pump. If no snake-bite kitis available, improvise.
e. If antiseptic is available, apply to area surrounding fang marks.
f. Sterilize the knife or razor blade with a flame or alcohol.
tg. Make a single cut over each fang mark.Cuts should be 1 inch long and 1 inch deep.
VENOMOUS BITE h. Apply suction to wound. Use suction(POIOPOUs) pump, if available. If not apply mouth suction,
PUNCTURE MARKS spitting the blood and other fluids out frequently*o Snake bite poison is harmless in the mouth, unless* • there are cuts and sores in the mouth. Even so,
. the risk is not great.
I . Release tourniquet every 15 minutesfor 30 seconds, then reapply tourniquet. Continue
UPPER TOOTH MARKS this procedure until medical care is available.
. " : J.Medical care is urgent in the case
" :of poisonous snake bites. Transport the patient
lying dovnp preferably on a litter. SuctionLOWER TOOTH MARKS procedures can be accomplished during the
evacuation of the patient.'NONVENOMOUS(NON-PweOmIOUl) 2. Nonpoisonous Snake Bites: Cleanse the
(Owound with soap and ater. Apply a sterile dress-ing over the wound.
4 :Tick Bites: Some ticks spread disease. Do
not touch them with bare fingers. After visitingUPPER TOOTH MARKS in a tick infested area, examine skin and clothing
for ticks. The head of a tick adheres to the skin
and is difficult to remove. Avoid trying to removeticks with your bare hands. To destroy ticks,
i< burn them, do not squeeze. To treat tick bites:
LOWER TOOTH MARKS 1. Dislodge tick. Femove carefully with
Ie
2.. Scrub site with soap and water.
3. Consult a doctor if the bite becomes swollen or intected.
STINGS
1. Black Widow Spider, Scorpion, Tarntula: The bite or a BlackWindov spider can cause intense pain, miscle spasm, cramps, rever, andnausea. If these sy-ptoms are present, call a doctor. First aid canbe rendered as totllws:
a. Keep the patient lying down, quiet, and varm.
b. Wash vound with soap and water.
c. Apply an ice compress to area if there is swelling present.
d. Black eoree may be given as a stimuilant.
a. Save spider for identification, if possible.
2, Beo, Wunp, Hornet: If indivi.duals allergic to bee venom are
stung by a bee, they should seek immediate medical aid. First aid treat-ment is as follows:
a. Remove the stinger. Use outward scraping motion of a fingernail. Do not grasp with a tweezer,
b. Apply cold packs or bakirng soda solution.
c. Apply ice bags or ice cubes.
D1RJISW~
Apply cold compresses to keep discoloration and svelling dovn. Ifskin Is broken, clean wound with soap and water and apply sterile dressing.
BLEEDII (Hemorrhage)
Patients suffering from severe bleeding are anxious and apprehensive.It is most important to remain calm, to reassure the victim, think clearly,and work rapidly, but efficiently. i1move enogh of the patient's clothing
8
to determine the site of bleeding. Use sterile dressing over the wound.Substitute clean pieces of material to cover the wound if steriledressings are not available. Do tot apply medicine or ointments 'o wounds'.
i" It is more important to stop the bleeding.
To stop bleeding:
1. Have victim lie down.
2. Place sterile dressing firmly over wound.
3. Apply coatinuoua pressure vith your hand.
If. I bleeding from an extresGity which is not broken, elevate and
support the limb. If limb is broken, do not elevate.
5. Apply pressure bandage when bleeding hal stopped.
For massive bleeding:
1. Apply tourniquet and call a doctor. A wide piece of materialwill make a tourniquet.
2. Apply tourniquet so that it will not cut into the body.
3. Once the tourniquet is applied, leave it in place.
4. P.rk down the tim the tourniquet is applied.
5. A tourniquet will be applied for passive bleeding only when allother easures to stop the bleeding fail.
Internal bleeding:
1. Keep patient warm, quiet, and lying on back with bead turned
to one side, if vomiting.
2. Keep tirways clear of obstruction.
3. Consult a doctor.
Niosebleed:
1. Pinch nostrils tightly together and hold for approximately~10 ainutes.
2. Apply cold wet compresses over the bridge of the nose.
3. Caxtion patient not to blow his nose.
14. Consult a physician if nosebleeds persist or recur frequlently.
I
Apply presaure as indicated to atop bleedingfrom:
Head
Neck; Mwth
Ara pit
Shoulder
Upper A=
4 rEarA
Foot
ILegThIgh
10
'IMIl
BLSMRS:
The unbroken skin covering of a blister is the best protectionagainst infection.
1. Small Blisters:Ioa, Wash with soap and water.
b. Apply sterile bandage.
2. Large Blisters:
a. Wash carefully Yith soap and water.
b. iy and apply antiseptic around edge of blister.
c. ftn-ture blister at the edge with a sterile needle.
d. Press with sterile gauze to drain fluid.
c. Cover with sterile dressing.
f. Do not puncture blisters caused by major bumrns.
BOILS
Apply hot vet comreases several times daily. Do not squeeze.If boil breaks) ripe pus avay with sterile gauze and discard. Consulta doctor if the boil in severe or occurs frequently.
1. Minor Bu.rnan:
a. Signs:
(1) Skin are& is reddened and unbroken.
(2) Io blisters are appatent.
(3) A small area is Involved.
Sb. First Aidt
(1) Hold area under cold running water for a few minutes.
(2) Apply paste of wet baking soda.
(3) B~andage.
2. LUjor Burns: Cover the patient and get him to a hospital assoon, as possible. Firat Aid should be Tendered as follovs:
8. Keep victim lying dovn t0 lessen shock.
b. Carefully cut clothing away from burned area. Do not pullclothing if it adheres to burn - leave it.
c. Cover burned area with sterile dressing or clean sheets.Pain is reduced it air is excluded from burn.
d. Watch patient for signs of shock and treat if shock develops.
e. Get patient to hospital as soon as pocsible.
f. Caution - in treating major burns, do not open blisters;do not apply grease or antiseptics.
3. Chemical Burns: To treat chemical burns:
a. Strip clothing from the patient.
b. Drench burn continuously with large amounts of clear runningwater.
c. Get medical attention.
4. Chemical Burnms of Eye:
a. Flush the eye gently with sterile water,
b. Cover the eye with dressing.
c. Consult a doctor.
CARON 4DNOXII POISO M
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that kils withoutwarning. The majority of fatalities caused by carbon monoxide poisoningis due to carelessnesse Carbon monoxide is generateo by an, automobileleft running in a closed garage, faulty oil burners, coal and wood fires,etc.
12
1. toms include:
a. Heandache.
b. Dizziness.
c. Weakness.
d. MDificulty in brenthing.
e. 3kin, finerimils, and. tips of fingers turning bright red.
2. First aid should be applied as follows:
a. Get the victim in fresh air.
b. Keep the victim lying dvwn.
-c. Cover for war-mth.
d. StnAt artificial respiration Immodiately.
c. C&LU for medical assistance.
OOLDS AND COU!I3
Co ins start with tl dry sore throats stuffed up feeling4 in the noc,or rjnm.Z none, ond headache. Colds are -aused by viruces and usuallylwat a eCw dftys. The following reazureo vill afford relief to thepatient:
1. Rost in bed.
2. Force fluids.
Co3. uCshine m'ay be relieved by application of ate=s inhalation.
4. Use of cold ere=m under the none to prevent it from becomingSore.
V . Chap stick or cold cream to keep lips from dryness and caeking.
Preventive measures to keep the condition from spreadit t hermembers of the fwtily are:
1v Keep away from other people, as mch as possible,
13• 33I,
I-. ...
II2. Use a kleenex or handkerchief when coughing or sneezing.
3. Wash hands thoroughly.
CONUtESIONS
Convuluions do not, as a rule, last Aore than a few minutes. Thezoat Importunt step in trqating a patient having a convulsion is toprevent his frx hurting himself. The folowing mcasures are recom.mendedIn assisting these patients:
1. Place patient on the floor.
2. Do not try to restrain convulsive movements.
3. Turn patient's head to one side to allow saliva to dain.
4. Place a rolled handkerchief between his teeth to keep himfrma biting his tongue.
5. Locoon all clothing.
6. Cover patient to Xeep him warm.
7. Reassure him after seizure.
b. Consult a doctor if seigures occur frequently.
CUTS AUD SCRACES
If the cut his dirt in it or the area around the cut is dirty,consult a doctor. le tay wish to give tetatma toxoid or tetanusantitordn. If cuts are deep and extensive, it may be necessary tosuture the vound, First ald should be applied as follows:
I. Stop Pring. P~ssure alone rill usually stop tt.
2. Wash vel with soap arid vater. Prevent infection by washingsway rrom the wou .
3. Apply an antiep-tie. When cU-d apply, sterile bandage.
14
xr
DIARMhEA
Diarrhea is a rrequency or bowel movements.- It can be caused byfood, infections,poisoning, poor sanitation, nervous or emotionaldisorders. Consttt a doctor for all cases or acute or persistent
diarrhea, espeeiai-y In children suffering fluid loss through accompan-ing vomiting. Diarhea can often be controlled by:I. Refraining from solid food for 1.3-24 hours.
2. Giving the patient warm (not hot) fluids, tea, broth, orboiled milYk. Do not give fruit juices.
3. Resting.
4. Giving bland diet when bawel movements stop.
5. .. fraininp from the une or laxatives.
EARACHE
Consult a doctor. lie rust determine the cause or the earache to
prescribe proper treatment.
FMINTING
Fainting can be caused by fatigue. hunger, severe pain, poor venti-lation, emotional upset, and other causes. if fainting ocaurs frequently,consult a doctor. First aid can be rendered as follows:
I. Keep patient lying don. Position him so that his head is lowerthan the rest of his body.
2. Loosen any tight clothing.
3. Hold aromatic spirits of vmonia or amelling salts under hisnose.
4. Keep patient warm and quiet.
Prevention: It an individual complains of feeling faint, have himsit domn. Bend hi; head rorvard between his knees until he feels better.Give him fresh air.
15
ST ewratures ray vary frm 970 to 99O Fahrenbeit in wall people.Exercise in hot weather may cause an elevation or temperature. &-allchildren may have a fever as high as 1 3
° ' or IO at the beginninz, ora ild infection. Babies teething will frequently run high temperatures.Hiieh temperatures are not always a sign of severe illness. ?atlents,Ay be seriously ill and have no more than 100 of temperature. Abnorm.alte.mieratures are a symptom and must be considered with, or in relationto, the other sypto.ms. When fevers are high, ersistent, or accompaniedby other symptoms, such as nausea, vomitine, pain, rash, sore throat,or swelling, consult a doctor.
Use or thermomters: For conscious adults and teen-agers, use anoral tnermomter. If the patient has had hot fluids, wait at least 20minutes before taking a mouth temperature. Use a rectal thermometer forall unconscious patients and children. Never leave a child who has arectal thermometer inaerted alone. First aid:
1. Rest and quiet.
2. A cool water sponge bath.
3. Have the room cool.
4. Give fluids if patient is not vomiting.
FOREIGN BODES
Foraign bodies in the ear: Children orten put small objects in theirears. Peas, beans, seeds, etc., absorb moisture and swell, making removaldifficult. Sotimes an insect will crawl into the ear. To render firstaid:
I. If the object is loose, gently pull earlobe backwards and tiltthe head so the object will fall out.
2. If it Is a bean or pea, drop a little mineral oil into the earto lessen swelling.
3. If it is an insect, drop a little wari oil into the ear tosMother the insect.
4. Have a doctor remove the objects or Insects if they do not fallout.
16
CAUTION: Never dig at the object with a toothpick, wire, hairpin, etc.as- there is great danger of seriously injuring the ear. Have the doctorremove the object.
Foreicn body in the eye: Foreign bodies entering the eye usuallyr(s t on the lining of the eyelids or become embedded in the eyeball.Only professionally trained personnel can remove embedded objeets. Itis safe to use simple first aid measures to remove specks, eyelashes,or cinders which rest T e ely on the surface. To render first aid;-
1. Wash hands before touching eye.
2. Pull upper eyelid ot and dovn over lower lid, or shut botheyes for a m~nute. The tears mAy wash out the particle.
3. Use a medicine dropper tilled with boric acid solution or water
to flood the eye and flush out the particle.
4. If the speck is visible on the lower lid, pull gently downwardand use wet applicator or corner of clean cotton cloth to remove speck.
I . If unable to remove speck, cover eye with a sterile dressingand consult a doctor.
CAUTION: Severe damnge can result from unsuccessful attempts to removeembedded foreign bodies of the eye. To avoid further injury: Never rubthe yo; always wash hands before examining the eye. Dirt might enterand result in added injury; be gentle, and get to a doctor immediately.
Fo'reign body in the nose: If an insect or a foreign objec, e.g.,bean or seed that is apt to swell, has lodged in the nose, insert a fewdrops of mineral oil or oWJve oil. This will prevent swelling and lessenirritation. Patient mny blow nose gently, but must keep both nostrilsopen. Consult a doctor if object does not come out. Never probe a noseto remove a foreign object.
Forcian body in the stomach: Children often swallow such objectsas pins, tacjs, and coins. Consult a doctor immediately. Never give alaxative or fo:ce the child to vcmit.
4 FMSTBIIl AND OVER E(TOSUE ) COLD
Frostbite can be avoided by wearing warm loose clothing and keeping7d. Proper footwear and gloves are important. If clothing beomes wet,
change it imediately. Te face, hands, and feet are the parts mostfrequently frostbitten. To render first aid:
17
1. Remove clotbing that fits closely to site of injury.
2. Rapidly they affected part by putting it in tepid water or by
placing the part next to a warm part of your body.
3. Wrap patient in blankets and give him warm fluids.
4. After thawing, wrap the injured part loosely in a dry steriledr essing.
5. Treat all cases of frostbite as litter patients.
6. Consult a doctor.
CAUTION: The follawing precautions should be taken:
1. Use preventive measures, such as wearing dry socks and clothing.
2. Avoid vearing tight clothes.
3. Do not massage frostbite areas.
4. Do not use vaseline gauze dressings.
. Do not open blisters.
t; . Do not allow patient with frostbite of the feet or les to walk.
7. If an arm or hand in frostbitten, put the arm in a slns.
EFFECTS OF HEAT
The ill effects of heat can often be prevented by the followingpreventive measures:
1. Keep living and working areas as cool as possible.
2. Keep the head and body covexed when in the sun.
3. Wear light loose fitting clothes.
It. Insure an ade uate intake of fluids and salt.
Heat Crsgs: Heat cramps are cased by an e.,cessive less or bodysalt through profuse sweating and an inadequate intake of fluid and nsalt.The patient may complain of severe muscle erampsp veakness, nweca.Effective treatment is to:
3.8
1. Give -the patient salt water to drink..
2. Apply heat to the cramped area.
Ifeat E.haustion: Heat exhaustion is caused by excessive loss ofwater nd salt from the body. The patient's skin is pale and moist.The usual symptoms are headache, nausea, faintness, dizziness, profusesweating, and normal temperdture. First aid treatment is as follows:
.. !lave the patient lie in a shaded area or cool room.
2. Loosen clothing.
3. Have patient drink large amounts of cool salt water. Useteaspoon of table salt to a quart of water.
4. I' patient does not improve, consult a doctor.
Heatstroke: Heatstroke is a grave emergency, often fatal. Itpresents the following symptoms:
I. Hot dry Ain.
2. No sweating.
3, Nausea.
4. Weakness, dizziness, rapid breathing.
5. Jgh body temperature, 1C40 to 1080.
6. Vwntal confusion - often unconsciousness.
First Aid is as follows:
1. Work quickly - call for a doctor.
2. Get the patient to a cool spot if out-of-doors.
3 I t1 possible, iucrce him in a bath of cold water and ice orwrap him in cold wet sheets.
'4. If he is able to swallo, give him cold drinks, but no stimulant.
5, While patient is in the tub, rub his arms and legs. Directmovement toward the heart. If he is in sheets, rub through sheets.
6. Check body temperature every 10-15 minutes.
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7. Continue treatment until medical aid arrives or until temperaturedrops to about 1010.
FXXTREaS (BRD)T. B01Ms)
A fracture Is a broken bone. The two m'ain types of fractures are:
1. A closed fracture, which is a break in the bone witho%.t a breakin the skin.
2. An open fracturxe which is a broken bone that is ex:posed throughbreak in the skin.
Siggc or symptoms1 or a fracture are: I1. Tenderness over the injury.
2. Pain on movement.
3. Inability to move the injured part.4. Swelling and/or discoloration.
First aid mwaures are:
1. Handle injured patient gently. Rough treatment can cause iadditional damage.
2. Try to make patient comfortable without moving him. i
3. Apply a dress.nZ if the fracture is an open one. ]4. Stop bl1eding, if bleeding is present. Do not apply a tourniquet.
5. Call for mcdical assistance.
6. Splint the patient at the site of accident before transportinghim. Proper splinting, often reduces pain and prevents shock. Splintsmay be impro, sed from material such as trees, limbs, poles) cardboard,newpaper, magazinesr etc. Be sure and pad all splints,.
FRACT SKULL OR CONCUSSION
First aid should be rendered as follows:
1. Keep the patient lying down. Do not allow him to sit up or walk.
?0
2. Keep the patient warm.
3. Place a pillow under the patient ' .rad if face is flushed.
4. If face is. pale, keep head slightly lower than body.
G5. ive nothing by mouth.
6. Contact a doctor as soon as possible.
POXSONIIE BY MDT
Ir poison& are swallowed, try to dilute the poisocs, than call for9a doctor. Use simple measures. If patient Is conscious, give largeamounts of water. War= water or warm salt water will help to inducevomiting. If a patient has swallowed lye, corrosive acids, or alkali,do not force him to vomit. If antiodote for poison is knmown, give it;
* if unknown, give the universal antidote. Universal antidote may bepurchased at a drug store and should be kept on hand.
General antidote: The Universal Antidote (homemade) is as follows:
2 T - Finely crushed burnt toast (T a Tablespoon)
1 T - Very strong tea
1 T -Milk of Magnesia
Mix in I glass of water and give to patient.
The Antidote for unknown poisons is as follws:
1 Glass of milk
3 FAw egg whites beaten into a glass of water
Starch or flour made into a thin soup with water
First aid measures include:
1. Washing out stomach by giving large amounts of fluids which willcause patient to vomit.
2. Calling a doctor.
3. Keeping patient warm.17 21
I[
4. Preventing patient from aspirating voitus, b
5. Starting aitificial respiration if pttient stops breathing.
6. Saving poison container for identification.
7. Giving antidote on container or -universal antidote.
Antidote Chart for Sono Co=,on Poisons:
1. AlkalietsCaustic
Drain pipe cleanersCicklizeWashing Soda
a. Do not force vomDiing. Give acid Juice of 4 lemons in 1pint of water, or slilitly, diluted vinegar.
b. Follow with 2 or 3 raw eg% whites beaten in water, or saladoil, malted buttei-, or a glass or two of milk.
2. AcidsStrongBattery AcidSulfuricNitric1ydrochloric
a. Do not force vomiting. Give teacup full of milk of -agnesia,or 2 T of aking soda in a pint of water.
b. Follow with 2 glasses o' milk or 2 raw eg, whits in water,
3. Carbolic AcidPhenol (Ingredient of common disinfectants)Creosote *
Creosol disinfectants
Give large anwunta ol varm water, also, thin soup of cornstarchin vater. or raw egg whites in water. Do not give alcoholic drinko.
4. Iodine: Give flour or cornstarch in water; bread; large aw*=tsof starchy substance. Follow with emetic - induce vomiting. Repeatstarch and emetic until vomitus contains no blue material.
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5. Petroleum distillates,Keros neGasolineBenzineNlaphtha
Lighter fluidInfluaable Cleaning fluids
Do not force vomiting. Give cup mineral oil, Stimulant -
Strong coffee or tea. Keep var=. Conbat shock. Artificial respirationif needed.
6. Ulicylate drugs (overdose)AspirinHeadache tabletsCold pillsOil of Wintergren
Induce vomltii. Give Universal Antidote or weak baking sodasolution (1 top to pint), Strong corfee.
7. Overdose of Sleeping PillsDarbituatscSedativesOpiatesParegoric
If conscious, give emetic to induce vomiting. Give strong black
coffee* Keep patient awake. Artificial respiration if necessary.
8. Wood AlcoholR.ibbing AlcoholDenatured Alcohol
enthonal
Give emetic to induce voiting. 1 T of baking soda in 1 quartof vc- wter. Repeat emetic. Follow with glass or milk containing ateaspoon of baking soda.
FOOD FOISO)MIM
The most coon forma or food poisoning are infections caused bybacteria or their toxins in contaminsted foods. Symptoms range from mild,
lasting a few hours, to severe cases which need the attention of a doctor.Symptom include:
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1. Abdominal paiba and distreS3.
2. Abdomen is alvays soft.
3. Housea and vomiting.
h, Craqps.
5. Diarrhea.
6. Chins or fever.
First aid is as follovs:
1. It severe, cl.l a doctor.
2. Put patient to bed and keep varm.
3. Give Varm fluids after n ausea stops.
Caused by toxins or organisms vhich may be in Improperly home-cannedfoods. Symptoms occur 18-214 hours after eatin6 or my not occur forseveral days and include:
1. Fatigue.
2. Dizziness, headache.
3. Blurring of visioc or double vision.
1. Muscular weakness.
. Difficulty in breathing.
Medical attention should be obtained ime&ately.
MSFWP0119DNIIQ!.
Avoid all wild ushooms. Symptoms appear-2-8 hors after eatingand include:
lo Abdominal pain.
2. Diarrhea.
3 i. z . iness.
S. Disturbed vision.
5. Cramps in arms or legs.
6. Cold sweating.
For first aid, call a doctor and give a large dose of Epsom Salts.
POISON PINlTS (Poison Ivy, Oak, Sumac)
Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac cause skin irritation.
Leam to recogni:e these plants so you will know when you have come inScontact with them- can strt treatzent b~aore a rash appears,-
1. Poiaon ivy in a creeper. It has three leaves on each atem.
The leaves are shiny, pointed, and have prominent veins.
2. Poison oak is a shrub, 'Me leaves are broader and more deeplynotched than the ivy.
3. Poison sumac is a small tree. It has loose, drooping clustersor white berries.
It you discover that you have been exposed to a poison plant, washthe a fected part of your body thoroughly with a strong soap and water.Sywptoms usually occur one to nine days after expoture. The skin becomesred, svollen, and itches. ScA. blisters form.
First aid should be rendered as follos:
1. Wsash thoroughly with soap and water (Do not use brush).
2. Rinse with an alcohol solution.
{3. Apply calomine lotion to relieve itching.
4. Consult a doctor in severe cases.
L2
Every serious accident, bum, poisoning, or injury is almost alwaysaeccopaaied by some degree of shook. It is a coaditton' of greet weaknMessof the body and, can be fatal. Expect shook to happen after any seriousinjury. Take preventive measures before it occurs. Syptoms of shok
1. Weaknsess.
2. Rapid, but weak pulse.
3. Pale face.
4. Cold and elamy skin.
7. Shallov, irregutlar breathing.
First aid should be rendered a" follovst#
1. Have patient lie flat with head lover than the rest or his body.
2. Cover ptient and keep hiz warz.
3. Loosen his clothin 6
4. If patient is conscious sod able to retain fluids, give himfluids. Give hi= warm tea or coffee.
5. Do not give fluids to an unconscious patient or a patient withand abdominal wound.
6. Consult a doctor.
I a splinter in near the surface, it can be easily removed. :cr itdeeply embedded, call t doctor. To remove a splintert
1. Wash your hands vol1.
2. Clean the area ar 7r the splinter and apply an antiseptic.
22.6
3. Sterilize a needle or a :pair of tweezers to remove the splinter.-
. Loosen the skin around the splinter with a needle and removeit with the tweezers.
SEncourage bleeding from above the sight of entrY.
6. Apply antiseptic and a dry sterile bandage.
SPRAIM
Sprains are caused by violent stretching or twisting of a joint.Hascular exertion, lifting, and falling are common causes. Sprains arepartial or cooplete tears of supporting ligaments of a joint. Symptosinclude:
1. Pain in the joint at the time or injury.
2. Pain increase upon movement.
3. Tenderness to touch.
4. Rapid swelling.
5. Discoloration appears later.
First aid should be rendered as follows:
1. Consult a doctor.
f ' 2. Relieve paln by resting the joint.
3. Elevate and support part.
4 . Use cold applications (ice beg or compresses) for the first fewhours after injury.
5. If the patient has sprained an ankle and must walk for aid,bandage the ankle leaving the shoe on the patient.
6. If the patient has sprained his wrist, use a sling for support.
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I TIPAI1M
Strains are caused by overstrstching or pulling muscles or tendons.The symptoms ae pain at the time of injury. Stiffness and pain onmovement develop during the first few bours after injury. First aidshould be applied as follows:
1. Rest of the injured muscle.
2. Place patient in the most comfortable position.
3. Apply heat - hotater bottle, lamp or heatingad.
. When pain eases, gentle massage can be given.
15. Consult a doctor if strain is severe or does not respond toI! treatment.
HOME SAFE1 AND PEVENIIVE )EASURES
I-Every effort should be made to reduce the ever increasing number of
Iunntceasary accidents and tragedies by the practice of good home safety Aand preventive medicine measures. Enthusiastic adoption of sound healthpractices will lead to a healthier and longer life by reducing disease,death, and disability. First aid is never a substitute for home safety.It merely helps you after an accident has happened. 1l
There arc many publications containing information of interest to thehouseholder. The Army Health Nurse and the department of clinics havemany pamphlets which can assist you in the prevention of accidents anddisease. Tbe American Fed Cross and the local Public Health Departmenthave literature available upon request.
vil deal briefly with coma of the co== causes of accidents and how 1to prevent them. .1
1. Accidental Poisoninw by Ingestion: edications, especiallyaspirin, sedatives, iron pills, tranquilizers, antihistamines, and mnyother drugs are most frequently ingested. Household products, such asbleaches, detergents, pesticides, kerosenep and petrolem products, arealso a causative factor in many accidental poisonings. The folowlingpre".ntive measures should be taken:
a. Medications:
ANIa
(1) Insure that all containers of dras are properlylabeled.
(2) Use warning labels for containers of poisons.
(3) Store all medicines in a special cabinet out of thereach of children.
(4) Whe medications, which have been prescribed for aspecific individual are no longe, needed for that person, discard theunused portion down the sink.
(5) Discard old medications. Iodine has a tendency toget stronger with age and may bun; peroxide loses its strength.
(6) Never give or take medicines in the dark. Alwaysread the label and directions at least twice before giving or takingmedication.
be Household Poison:
(1) Keep saely out of the reach of ssmal children.
(2) Acids and cautics:
(a) Injuries due to acids and caustics may result-in:
c. lotini. when in direct contact to skin andclothing.
2. Fume poisoning when inhaled.
. Burning or poisoning when ingested.
4. Fires or exploeion from carelessness.
(b) Injuries can be avoided by:
1. Careful handling of the container.
2. Wearing rbber gloves and protective clothingwhen necessary.
. Avoiding exposure to caustic fwmes.
4_. Washing the hands tboroughly before eating ortouching other body surfaces.
29
c. Cosmetics: tsny cosmetic, such as hair dye, hair removers,liquid nail polishes, can cause serious poisoning. Keep them out ofreach of small children.
2. Food and Water:
a. Food supplies, when contaminated, can result in seriousillness. To prevent illness:
(1) Wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
(2) Before opening a can or a Jar of food, inspect it. Abulging lid or rubber ring, gas bubbles, and leakage are often signsof spoiled food.
(3) Examine foods, such as poultry, fresh meat, and butter,a4 they spoil quickly. Make sure they are properly refrigerated at atemperature of 400 F.
(s) When on picnics, do not alloy food to remain in the sun.
j Mke sure it is refrigerated.
b. Water Supply: When on picnics or camping trips, make sureyou do not drink contaminated water.
3. Accidents Due to Electrical ppliances . Every day seriousaccidents happen due to inproper use Aad maintenance of electrical equip-ment. The following precautions should prevent oany of these accidents:
a. Never touch interior live metal parts of sockets, plugs,
or receptacles used to carry current.
b. Do not touch electrical appliances while in a tub.
c. Replace all electrical cordO that are abraded and have illfitting plugs.
d. Do not hang cords on nails.
a. Make sure all electrical item you purchase have been *1inspected and approved by proper cuthority.
f. Turn off the current arter using portable appliances, suchas irons, etc.
g. If lamp shades are made of combustible material, be sure theyare not in contact with the bulb. Do not place combustible material over ALa light to dim it.
30
h. Turn off the poer before replacing electric light bulbs,radio tubon, etc.
i. Open the circuit before replacing a fuse.
4f. Fire Hlazards: Injuries, deaith, and property 1088 due to fireare absolutely unnecessary and can be prevented by control of fire hazards.Everyone should be made aware of the danger of fire end the precautionsto tvse to prevent it. The Vollouing suggestions are a general guidefor the prevention of fires in the home:
a. Keep matches out of the reach of young children.
b. Teach children the dangers of playing with fire.
Z. Extinguish aU cigarettes, cigars, and rAtches beforedlscarding them.
d. Do not aklt in bed.a. Do not keep Combustible waste material in or near the houise.
f. Keep greasy and oily rag4 in ti~htly closed metal cans.
g. Do not use kerosene to start a fire in the stove.
h. Use safe commercial cleaning materials. Do not use gasolineor benzine for cleanto.
i. Avoid hanging curtains near open flames.
Use safe, tested, and fireproof Christmas decorations.
k, Burn refuse in a metal container out-of-doors, *way fromthe building. Extinguish embers. Do not burn too cuch at one time.If it is vndy out, wait until the wind has died down.
1. Teach everyone in the household who is old enough to absorbthe knoledge how to call the fire department, how to evacuate the house,and how to put out simple fires.
. Gas and Gas &pliances: Precautions to use against injury fromgas or gao appliances are:
a. Report any leakage of gas immediately. Open vindows andprovide ventilation. Do not use a lit match or candle to locate leakage.
b. Hake sure all pilot lights are lit. These lights are-extinguished frequently and gas escapes.
31
<'
7 7
II
c. Make sure the gas appliances you purchase meet approval-equirement3.
d. If gas furnaces and wall heaters are used, make sure you -
have proper ventilation.
a. Keep appliances clean and in good condition.
6. Automobiles and Traffic:
a. Develop and practice safe driving habits.
b. Keep your car in good operating condition.
c. Teach your child not to play in the road or driveways.
d. Do not leave children alone in a locked care while shoppingor visiting.
e. Do not aLlov children to play In your car.
f. Keep the car doors locked when driving with children inthe car.
Preventive measures listed below should be taken to eliminateaccidents from the folloving miscellaneous causes:
1. Falls On or Down Stairs:
a. Have all stairways well lighted.
b. Provide handrails for stairways, especially in a householdwith children and aged individuals.
c. Prevent small children from climbing stairways by installinga gate at the foot and top of stairway.
d. Avoid waxed, vet, and greasy stairways which can cate falls. 4e. Replace loose or frayed rigs on stairways as they can cans
falls.o-
f. Do not store iteus on stairways, such Lj cellar stairway.
g. Teach children not to leave small items, such as marbles,pencils, and toys n stairs.
32A
-z - -
tI
2. S png- Yny ser.ious injuries have been incurred by, fafrem sl-ippi g. Avoid these by:
a. Using rubber suction mats to stand on when taking a showeror bath.
-b. If possible, installing handrails next to the tub.
c. Eliminating small, loose rugs which my case slips.
d. Exercising care when valking on highly wxed slippery floor,
3. Tsd rs:
a. Use a sound, sturdy ladder.
b. Anchor ladder before climbing on it., open it to its fulextent, lock spreaders, and place on fir foundation.
c. Do not stand on top or ladder.
d. If a chair is used in place of a ladder, do not stand onarm or back and make sure seat is sturdy enough to hold your body weight.
e. Avoid substituting fragile crates, boxesp and barrels for
ladders.
4. General Hazards:
a. Trash: Trash, in the form of broken glass, old tin canewith ragged edges, frequently is the cause of bad cuts and scratches.Such trash should be placed in a specific receptacle. Q hildren shouldbe taught not to play with trash.
b. Bruises: Fingers and hands are frequently bruised by beingcaught by doors, vindovs, screens, etc. Children should be warned ofthis danger. They should not lean out of open vindove,
c. Hot Water and Hot Liquids: The careless handling of hotwater can result in severe burns. Never leave a s=al child in a bath-tub unattended. Never leave a hot cup of coffee or tea where a childcan get at it. Place cooking pots on the burner nearest the back ofthe stove (back burners) so that children cannot reach them.
j d. azor Blades: Razor blades should be kept in a coveredcontainer out of the reach of small children. Blades should be discardedin a safe manner. Do nt throw them in waste baskets or let thea liearound where children can get them.
33
p
not e; Closets: Store items in closets and shelves so they vill
not Call or slide off and cause accidents.
f. Plastic Bags: There has been much information published onfr the danger of children playing with plastic bags. The thin plastic
adheres to & child's face and can, and has, caused suffocation. Destroy,the bags as soon as you are through with them. Wo not drop them in wastepaper baskets where children can get them.
g. Toys and Playthings:
(1) Children are curious and like to investigate toys.Toys should be substantially built. Surfaces should be smooth and freeffrom sharp edges or points.
1(2) Toys made of lead or painted with lead base paints arenot safe due to the possibility of lead poisoning.
(3) Pencils, crayons, and paint brushes should never be heldin the mouth. Serious mouth or throat injuries could result rrom a fall
I in such cases.
(4) The eyes of dolls and stuffed animals should beembroidered. Avoid giving a baby or small child dolls with buttons foreyes, dolls with fragile heads. These toys should be made or cloth or
I- other soft material, free of harmful dye.
(5) Toys should be kept in toy boxes or in a designatedstorage area. They should not be left where individuals ay fall overthem.
h. Chemical Sets: Chemical sets are a source of potential1'daner. Children should be taught h;w;, hen, and where to use the set
and the daners involved in ex~erimentation.
i. Kites: Kite strings should be made of nonconductive material.Cotton strings are safest, but wil conduct electricity if wet. Kites,
should not be flown where the string may come into contact with electric
wires. *Prepare now to protect your family in the event of eney nuclear
attack. The following mesures of protection are recommended by the Officeor Civil and Defense Mobilization:+o
+: + ++ .., + . . . . + -- + . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .3 4
1. lome Shelter: Build an underground shelter or seltct the safestarea in your -home, A corner of the basement makes an excellent emergencyshelter. The following supplies should be stored:
a. A two-week supply of food and water. Rotate the food -soIV you always have a fresh supply on hand.
b. Store a battery or transistor radio, can opener, flashlight,batteriesl, blankets, clothing, first aid kit, soap, water purificationtablets, bgs and containers for waste.
c. Keep the gas tank in your car filled with gas.
2. Warning Signals: Civil defense warning signals may be sirens,horns, or whistles. Know your local co=uanity plan. There are twodistinct signals for public action directed by local government:
a. A long steady blast, 3-5 minutes long mean& alert. Tunekyour radio to OOZXLRAD stations which will broadcast official information.
Take action as directed. Do not attempt to use the telephone.
b. A series or short blasts lasting 3 minutes means take cover,attack is imminent.
(1) If in a building without a shelter, go to the basementor interior room on the first floor.
(2) If outdoors or in a car, and no shelter is available,lie face down on the ground or crouch on the floor of your car.
(3) When directed to take shelter, close all the doors andwindows and draw the blinds. Turn off all electricity at main switch,or disconnect all clectricel appliances. Turn off gas range 'urners or
~room heaters.
3. Fallout Protectionj Any protection against radioaftive particlesis better than none. An underground shelter is the saest. A basementwith windows and doorways sandbagged will give some protection. A from
house will reduce daner if ym remain on first floor near the center.~The five steps to safety which should be learned are:
- a. Wa-raing signals and what they mean.
b. Your comwaty plan for emergency action.
-,.c# Protection from radioactive fallout.
d. First aid and home emergeacy preparedness.
e. Use of CONELRAD - 640 or 1240 - for official directions.
Arjq Pt Wiohsrson GQ0 6
7 April 1961IThzi LIjiRjs1q AUrn~z/li I.
(p6) TW- i t ~ Ar Infantry AWILLET1y WNW "o~e, k- Ascoc iisIn- :~ Sd~,1Arme Clroup,, Cor-mand afti St#,fDerti*-nt. Instructiompi Pbtorla,.J11dy 1960 (sup~rs?,a 1959 edlitic-14.
(?7) ______ Oct~PTIN HANDOOK, by
Carmind and Staff Departmecnt.
21 Noember196o
1no
