Argumentative essay

 

Outline

- Introduction

- Body 1 : first point (better side) + supporting sentences + example

- Body 2 : second point + supporting sentences + example

- Body 3 : contrary side + attack + example for explanation

- Conclusion

 

Introduction : Raise topic + Your view 

Starting paragraph : Rephrase the topic and State what is required

- There is an increasingly growing popular idea that Rephrase the topic.

- There is a popular claim that Rephrase the topic.

 

- I believe this contention (sự tranh luận) makes sense …..

- I believe in the truth of this statement …..

- I strongly support the idea that …..

- It is my firm belief that …..

- I am of the opinion that …..

 

- ….. for reasons I will outline below.

- ….. and this essay will tackle the most important reasons why …..

- ….. and I will give the reasons to prove so in this essay.

 

OR

- Asking a question (the very simplest)

Eg 1 : Should university students be obligated/required to cover the whole cost of their studies ? In my

opnion/view, this level of education should/shouldn’t be free for the following reasons.

 

Eg 2 : Do all the technologies available to individuals today have greater advantages than disadvantages ? I

firmly believe if properly used/exploited (khai thác), all of them have much greater benefits than harms.

 

OR

- Criving relevant or Striking or Sensational facts/statistics Cách mở bài gây ân tượng mạnh mẽ, giật gân

Eg : In Germany, Finland, and some others European countries, higher recent years, three countries have

seen drops in their academic standards. It is, therefore, suggested that student should be obligated to pay

for their own studiess. I agree/disagree this statement/opinion for several reasons.

 

OR

- whether or not …

Eg 1 : Whether or not good quality products could sell themselves without advertising is a controversial

question. Some people would say “yes”, arguing that quality is of paramount importance. Others, however,

claim that quality alone is not enough to ensure in large quantities. Personally, I am better convinced of the

latter/former view.

 

Eg 2 : Whether or not the current direct contact mode of teaching seen in all level of education today will

have become history by 2050 is a question of much controversy. Supporter of this conventional (tập quán,

thói quen) teaching method claim that it still will be of value by then. However, many people, myself

included, believe that another, more techonogy based mode of teaching will replace it.

 

Lưu ý rằng với cách mở bài này. Bạn nên trình bày tuần tự nhóm ý kiến ủng hộ trước, rồi sau đó là nhóm ý

kiến phản đối. Thêm nữa là bạn không nên sử dụng các isolate word (từ lẻ) nếu ám chỉ frequency/quantities.

Ví dụ

 

- Always --> almost/virtually/practically/nearly always

- Never --> rarely/hardly/seldom never

- All --> almost all

- Every --> almost/nearly everyone

 

Body  1, 2 : Transitional device + Topic sentence + Explanation + reason

- To begin with, …

- First and foremost, …

- For starters, …

 

- Another point I would like to make is that …

- We should also recognize the fact that

- It is also important to realize that

 

- For example, …

- To prove my point, …

- Let us take the case of …

- A good case in point would be

- ….. would be an example worth mentioning.

 

Body 3 : Counter – Argumentation : Other side + Attack + Example

- Granted (giả dụ rằng), it is true that …

- Of course, there is no deny the fact that …

- Admittedly (phải công nhận rằng), it could also be said that …

- I would not go so far as to deny that …

- Some people continue to claim that …

 

- Still (hơn nữa), I would like to emphasize that ….

- However, I still stand by what I said that ….

- I reiterate (nhắc lại rằng) however that …

- Nonetheless, it is more important to remember that …

- What they must realize is that …

- The above arguments convince me that …

 

Conclusion : Summarize + Restate opinion/topic

- In conclusion/To conclude, …

- Therefore, …

- To sum up, …

- In short, …

 

- After discussing all the points mentioned above, I can finally conclude that …

- It is therefore safe to say, considering all the factors given, that …

- All in all, regardless of the points to the contrary, it can be concluded that …

- Generally speaking then, it is clear that …

- Considering all arguments put forward, I have arrived at the conclusion that …

 

Advantage and Disadvantage essay

 

Synonym

 

Advantage                                           Disadvantage

Pros (Cái hay)                                      Cons (Cái dở)

Benefit                                                 Cost

The credit (Bên nguyên)                     The debt (Bên bị)

The up/bright side (Mặt tích cực)        The down/dark side (Mặt tiêu cực)

The plus (Bên cộng)                             The minus (Bên trừ)

The bonus                                            The shortcoming

The benefit                                           The drawback

 

Outline

- Introduction

- Body 1 : Ad 1 + Ad 2 + Example

- Body 2 : Ad 1 + Ad 2 + Example

- Conclusion

 

I. Introduction

Starting paragraph : Rephrase the topic and State what is required

- It cannot be denied that …

- It is an indisputable (không bàn cãi) fact that …

- In recent times, the general tendency has been that …

- The prevalence (sự phổ biến/thịnh hành) of ……… has been a growing cocern in the past few years.

- It’s quite common today for …

 

Introducing Ad & Disad : Neutral, Sitting at a fence (trung lập)

- Like in everything else, there are undoubtedly two sides to this issue …

- The pros and cons of this issue have been much debated upon …

- There are certainly some benefits as well as drawbacks to this scenario …

- This situation has surely carried along with it both advantages and disadvantages.

- In my opinion, while there have certainly have been positive consequences to this development, the

inconveniences it has brought about should not be overlooked (forgetted, ignored) …

 

Closing the paragraph/introducing body

- … and both will outline below.

- … and this essay will tackle (giải quyết) the most important ones.

- … and this essay aims to highlight both.

 

OR

- whether or not Rephrase the topic is a controversial question. Supporters of this main topic claim that State

what is required. However, many other people, believe that another, State what is required. Each of these

views has its own merit.

 

II. Body

Ad 1 : Topic sentence : Transitional device + Topic + Ad + Explaination (supporting sentences)

- There are strong/plausible reason for supporting the former view. First, the opinion/idea of Main

topic stands to reason. To begin with, Supporting idea sentence

- The most obvious benefit gained from this change is …

- A very common gain of these circumtances is …

- For starters, one positive outcome of this is …

 

Ad 2 :  Topic sentence : Transitional device + Topic + Ad + Explaination (supporting sentences)

- Another valuable result of this is …

- This scenario could also be favorable in terms of (về mặt) …

- I shouldn’t forget to point out how this change could bring about the positive consequence (hệ quả) that …

 

Example

- This could be exemplified (minh họa bằng ví dụ) by …

- As evidence of this, …

- Let me take … as an proof/example

 

Disad 1

- Of course, there are also strong arguments in favour of  (có lợi cho) the latter view/opinion/idea. One is that

…

- Nevertheless, the idea of disad is also well-grounded (đáng tin cậy, có cơ sở, được dựa trên thực tế, được

chứng minh). For one reason, …

- Of course, the primary weakness of this suggestion is that …

- On the other hand, this change could be detrimental (bất lợi) in terms of …

- Regardless of these advantages, one negative outcome that needs to be addresses (talk about) is …

- However, we should not turn a blind eye on the expected undesirable outcomes, one of which is the …

 

Disad 2

- To make matters worse, this scenario could also …

- Another threat worth preparing for is …

- ………. is another dangerous possibility.

 

Example

- A good case in point would be …

- This could be proven by the fact that …

- … would serve as an excellent example.

 

III. Conclusion

- In conclusion, it is clear that while this development has ensured several necessary changes, it has also

made society vulnerable (mong manh dễ vỡ) to some unplesant ones.

- I would like to conclude by saying then that society needs to be aware of both positive and negative

consequences before any action that can alter the status quo (giữ nguyên hiện trạng) will be taken.

- To sum up, it is imperative (bắt buộc) to thoroughly examine (xem xét triệt để) both strengths and

weaknesses of this suggestion before it can be applied.

 

Discuss both views and give your opinion

 

Cách 1

Intro : A > B

Para 1 : Your side

Para 2 : Other side à Attack

Conclusion : A > B

- On balance, I am better convinced that …

- Both side examined, I am in favour of the view that …

 

Về cách trình bày dạng bài này giống với dạng Ad & Disad. Điểm khác là ở khổ 3 khi bàn về Disad, được trình

bày dưới dạng Counter Argument tức là bạn đưa ra khía cạnh khác của vấn đề. Sau đó đưa ra quan điểm của

mình để phủ định nó. Sau đó đưa ra Example để thêm thuyết phục. Phần kết luận ngoài các câu vô thưởng

vô phạt, bạn phải đưa ra quan điểm của mình cho vấn đề đó.

 

Cách 2

Intro

Para 1 : Ad A + Disad B

Para 2 : Ad B + Disad A

Conclusion : Both side considered, it is hard to say whether one should prioritise both side topic. Hoặc sử

dụng conclusion của Ad và Disad.

 

Brainstorm - Não công

Bạn kẻ 2 cột (agree vs disagree/ad vs disad) và ngoáy tất cả các idea bạn có thể nghĩ ra dù là nó vô dụng

nhất. Sau đó lồng các nhóm idea có vẻ giống nhau lại, paraphrase chúng. Cái này cần luyện tập và đọc sách

nhiều để hình thành 1 phong cách riêng nên hầu như ko có pp não công !