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Spatial Vertical Distribution Rule Analysis of Forest Biomass

Based on Remote Sensing

Jinling YANG Forestry College of Northeast Forestry University

School of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

Harbin, China e-mail: yangjinlingkm@126.com

Wenyi FAN Forestry College

Northeast Forestry University Harbin, China

e-mail: fanwy@163.com

Abstract-Mankind currently is facing with the most serious environmental problems, such as the loss of forests, pollution, biodiversity loss, especially C02 produced by human activities and sharp rise in the concentration of Greenhouse Effect resulted from it, so the global carbon cycle is becoming mankind's major concern. However, analysis of changes in forest biomass is the basis to carbon cycle and dynamic analysis of a terrestrial ecosystem. By using remote sensing technology, on the basis of forest biomass in Heilongjiang Changbai Mountain in China among the four periods: 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and after 2000 which inverted from quantitative geoscience model of remote sensing, based on ENVI remote sensing information platform, it discussed the spatial changes pattern of forest biomass on the study area, especially the trend of the forest biomass with elevation, slope, aspect changes respectively. It concluded that the spatial vertical distribution of forest biomass in the study area is: in the elevation of 300 meters the forest biomass is maximum, about 35%, the higher altitudes the forest biomass smaller; the distribution of forest biomass with the slope of the descending order is the gentle slope> flat slope> incline slope> steep slope> urgent slope> dangerous slope; and forest biomass is largest in the region of aspect less than 5°, reaching 28%.

Keywords-Remote sensing; forest biomass; vertical distribution; carbon cycle

I. INTRODUCTION

Earthquake, tsunami, hurricanes and other natural disasters frequently attack people, making people pay more and more attention to their living environment, currently everyone is promoting low carbon living. Forest vegetation as the main terrestrial ecosystems is the highest vegetation types of ecological value, and has a crucial role for sustainable development of global climate, ecological environment, ecological systems and human society[I][2]. According to statistics, the forest biomass accounts for about 90% of the total terrestrial ecosystems biomass, and it not only is an important symbol for forest carbon sequestration, but also does evaluate the important parameters of forest

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XiangeCAO Forestry College of Northeast Forestry University

School of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

Harbin, China e-mail: caoxiange@126.com

Mingze LI Forestry College

Northeast Forestry University Harbin, China

e-mail: mingzelee@163.com

carbon budget[3]. Research on the forest biomass and its carbon sequestration function, identifying the number of forest biomass and its spatial distribution and dynamics of change has great value to scientific evaluation of the contribution of forest ecosystem in the global carbon cycle and global climate change research. Dynamics monitoring the vegetation biomass by remote sensing technology is the development of biomass technology and remote sensing technology's needs[4][5]. Taken Heilongjiang Changbai Mountain as an example, it applied remote sensing technology to monitor dynamic changes of the spatial vertical distribution of forest biomass. Changbai Mountain is an important forest of forest ecosystems in China, and it plays a major role for the maintenance of the three northeastern provinces as well as the ecological balance in Northeast Asia. If the system collapsed, not only the Changbai Mountain area lost a fundamental basis for the development, but also will a significant impact on the ecological environment in Northeast China as well as in Northeast Asia.

II. METHODS FOR ANALYSIS

A. Changes Analysis of Forest Biomass with Elevation In the study area, it inquires about the elevation image

based on ENVI remote sensing platform, and found that the maximum elevation is 1676 meters, the minimum is 6.57 meters, the average elevation is 144 meters. Hereby, the elevation was divided into seven classes, Tab. 1, and to draw its thematic Map in ArcGIS, Fig. 1[6].

TABLE I. ELEVA nON CLASSES

Classes I 2 3 4 5 6 7

Elevation <200

200 400- 600- 800- 100- >1200 /meters -400 600 800 1000 1200

Figure 1. Thematic Map of Elevation Classes

Legend Unitmeters

Obackgroood 00-200 0200 - 400

4)0 - 600 .roo - 800 .800 - 1000 .1000 - 1200 .1200 - 1400 .14D0 - 1600 .>lroO

At the same time, it counts four periods of forest biomass in the study area based on ENVI respectively, such as Tab.2, and then draws the changes distribution of forest biomass with elevation, such as Fig.2. Found that, forest biomass curve has a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, on the whole, in a certain range of each period forest biomass range in the 0-300 meters, so the distribution of forest biomass ratio increased with the increase of elevation, and the maximum forest biomass percent is on extreme elevation. This is mainly determined by the local climate conditions which is suitable for the forest. However, after the elevation exceeds 300 meters, proportional distribution of forest biomass is on decrease, which shows that the vertical distribution of forest biomass has the optimal problem.

TABLE II.

FBP E <200

T

70s 0.11

80s 0.06

90s 0.09

After 0.08 2000

FOREST BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ELEVATION DIFFERENT PERIODS

200- 400- 600- 800- 100-400 600 800 1000 1200

>1200

0.35 0.27 0.18 0.06 0.02 0.01

0.35 0.29 0.21 0.06 0.02 0.01

0.36 0.29 0.19 0.05 0.02 0.00

0.28 0.29 0.24 0.08 0.03 0.01

Note: E-E1evatlOn; FBP-Forest BIOmass Percent; T-Tlme 0.40 -+-' ii3 0.35

� 0.30 c.. </J 0.25 </J § 0.20 C:8 O. 15 t; O. 10 '" � 0.05

0.00

1------: .------------l -- 1970s

100 300

=--------1 --- 1980s 1990s

--- After 2000

500 700 900 1100 1300 Elevation/Meters

594

Figure 2. Each Period Forest Biomass Changes with Elevation

B. Changes Analysis of Forest Biomass with Slope According to the unifY criteria, the slope classes is

divided into six in the study area, Tab.3.

TABLE III. SLOPE CLASSES

Classes dangerous urgent steep incline gentle flat

slope slope slope slope slope slope Slope

>=45 35-45 25-

15-25 5-15 0-5 /Degree 35

It counts four peflods of forest bIOmass In the study area based on ENVI respectively, and then draws the changes distribution of forest biomass with slope, such as Fig.3. It can be found from the figure that the distribution of forest biomass with the slope of the descending order is the gentle slope> flat slope> incline slope> steep slope> urgent slope> dangerous slope. On the gentle slope, the forest biomass is maximum, about 50% of the total forest biomass, and on the dangerous slope, the forest biomass is minimum, at almost 0 of the total forest biomass.

<n 0.6000 <n � ....,0.5000 o �

� �O. 4000 ...., ..... <n �O. 3000 Q) ;; 0.2000 u...

O. 1000

0.0000

--1 • ./ " '\ - --+-19705 -

- --19805 1-19905

\. r--

--*- After 2000

\.

,. / ;.--

0-5 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-

Slope/Degree

Figure 3. Each Period Forest Biomass Changes with Slope

C. Changes Analysis of Forest Biomass with Aspect According to the unifY criteria, aspect of the region will

be divided into nine classes: East, South(S), West(W), North(N), Northeast(NE), Southeast(SE), Northwest(NW), Southwest(SW) and Non-Aspect(N-A), as Table 4.

TABLE IV. ASPECT CLASSES

Classes N NE E SE S SW W NW N-A

Aspect 338 23 68 113 158 203 248 293 - - - - - - - - <5 /Degree 22 67 112 157 202 247 292 337

C/J C/J '" a o . ...,

co

0.4000

O. 3000

O. 2000

O. 1000

O. 0000

'\

\ �� - �--�". ---t'"---. .

N-A NE E SE S

)!,----t'l't� "______...J .\

SW W NW N

-+-1970s 0.28 0.07 0.07 0.06 O. 18 0.07 0.08 0.07 O. 07

--1980s 0.28 0.07 0.08 0.07 O. 18 0.07 0.07 0.07 O. 07

1990s 0.28 0.08 0.07 0.06 O. 18 0.06 0.07 0.07 O. 07

�After 2000 0.28 0.08 0.07 0.06 O. 18 0.06 0.07 0.07 O. 07

Figure 4. Each Period Forest Biomass Changes with Aspect

Aspect measured in degrees, the due North is 0 degrees, the due East is 90 degrees, the due South is 180 degrees, the due West is 270 degrees. Generally speaking, South, Southeast and Southwest for the whole sunny, North, Northeast and Northwest for the shade, East-West for semi­sunny. As can be seen from Figure 4, the changes of each period forest biomass in the study area with the aspect keep consistent, which shows that the proportion of forest biomass in the Southeast and Southwest slope is minimum about 7%, the proportion of Non-Aspect region is maximum about 28%, and followed by the South about 19%.

III. CONCLUSIONS

Through the analysis of four periods forest biomass in Heilongjiang Changbai Mountain, the spatial vertical distribution rule of forest biomass in the study area is :

• For the 200-500 meters in elevation within the maximum distribution of forest biomass, with the elevation increases, the forest biomass decreased.

595

• In the slope of 5 -150 of the gentle slope has largest forest biomass, with the slope increases, the forest biomass decreased.

• In the Slope area less than 50 has the largest forest biomass, followed by the southern and several other aspect of biomass is equal to zero.

Therefore, to the global environment and sustainable development, we can refer to the rule for the future development of forest accumulation, in order to make a contribution to the carbon balance!

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work is sponsored by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China (20070225003) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2006AAI2Z104).

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