IEE ECOLISH

Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Low Income Housing

Zoltán MAGYAR

The problem - general

• Energy use in residential buildings in EU is 9500 PJ (= 23% of total use) > largest proportion

• Measures on existing residential buildings will make major contribution in energy and CO2 reduction

But large number of barriers:• Technologies are available (however, often particularly developed

for new buildings, not for retrofitting)• Financial constraints • Social constraints• Organisation

The problem - specific

• Social housing and (extreme) low incomes– Often high energy consumption (poor thermal and building physical

quality, building services)– In combination with poor IAQ and Thermal Comfort– Increasing energy prices (>> inflation rates), leading to fuel poverty

• Spread ownership– how to organise– who is interested/responsible

• (Allocation of) revenues of investments– Investors do often not have repays of investments– How to allocate the repays

Objectives of ECOLISH

“The objective of this project is to investigate and to demonstrate the feasibility and the potential of

Energy Exploitation and Performance Contracting for people with low income and social housing

By organising private owned and managed Energy Exploitation companies, involving occupants and

other concerned parties”

… organised on 4 pilot locations

• Heerlen - the Netherlands

• Ogre- Latvia

• Pieria – Greece

• Pécsvárad – Hungary

Representing 4 different regions and climate zones (moderate, cold, mild, continental)

1. Pilot location Heerlen (NL)

Final results fieldwork

• Domestic Hot Water:– Unvented appliances in kitchen: 65 %– Combined appliance: 31 %

• Space heating:– Mainly central heating with radiators– Sometimes local heating

• Ventilation:– 93 % natural– 7 % mechanical exhaust

Final results fieldwork

• Average temperature setting: 20°C• Bed rooms:

– 28 % heated – 72 % unheated

• Cooking:– 86 % natural gas– 11 % electric

• Some airconditioning• No solar systems

Building analysis

• Moisture and leakage problems• Driving rain• Biological degradation• Freeze-thaw damage• Thermal cracks• Detached weather strips• Detachment of plaster layer• Decay of concrete

Energy analysis EPBD• Original1960’s * Renovation 1980’s

– 5075 m3 nat. gas * 2605 m3 nat. gas – EI = 4.05 (G-label) * EI = 2.68 (F-label)

Actual situation

• Fitted gas consumption: 2190 m3

• Energy-index = 2.18 (E-label)

• Some packages:Costs Pay-back time CO2 red. EI Label[euro] [years] [%] [-] [-]

0. Average actual situation 0 0 0 2.18 E1. Renovation of building envelope 13880 23.6 36.4 1.47 C2. HE-combined boiler, mechanical exhaust 4385 85.6 3.4 2.13 E3. HE-combined boiler, mechanical exhaust and solar system 7785 61.1 8.2 2.05 E4. HE-combined boiler, mechanical exhaust and heatpump boiler 8055 999 -5 2.24 E5. HE-combined boiler, demand controlled ventilation 5251 45.3 7.4 1.99 D6. HE-combined boiler, demand controlled ventilation and solar system 8651 45 12.2 1.9 D7. HE-combined boiler, demand controlled ventilation and heatpump boiler 8921 999 -1 2.09 E8. Blockheating Cogen 1445 999 -4 2.25 E9. Districtheating (minewater with HP) 6476 18.2 68.1 1.9 D10. Measures 1 and 2 18265 31.2 36.6 1.47 C11. Measures 1 and 5 19132 29.5 40.4 1.33 C12. Measures 1 and 6 22531 31.1 45.2 1.24 B

a. Basic package

Measures Renovation

and insulation roof (360 m2)

Insulation wall / stuck facades (305 m2)

Investment

€ 74.000 inclusive VAT

Gas saving

3.000 m3 yearly.Financial scheme:-Financing by savings € 42.000-Own contribution € 32.000-Home appreciation PM

Monthly cost basic package

€ -

€ 50

€ 100

€ 150

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

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b. Additional package

Measures

Basic package plus:

Insulation Behind Facades /stuck (180 m2)

HE glazing +insulated panels

Investment

€ 114.000 inclusive VAT

Gas saving

7.500 m3 yearly.

Financial scheme:Financing by savings € 104.000Own contribution € 10.000Home appreciation PM

Monthly cost additional package

€ -

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€ 100

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

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c. Complete packageMeasures

Additional package plus:

insulation front

Investment

€ 198.000 inclusive VAT

Gas saving

9.900 m3 yearly.

Financial scheme:Financing by savings € 138.000Own contribution € 60.000Home appreciation PM

Monthly cost complete package

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

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d. Sustainable package

d Sustainable package

Measures

Complete package plus:

solar collector

Investment

€ 208.000 inclusive VAT

Gas saving

10.700 m3 yearly.

Financial scheme:Financing by savings € 149.000Own contribution € 59.000

Home appreciation PM

Monthly cost sustainable package

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

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Overview packagesOverview packages Vieheide

€ -

€ 50.000

€ 100.000

€ 150.000

€ 200.000

€ 250.000

Basic Additional Complete Sustainable

Packages

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Investment

Ow n contribution

Emission reduction

2. Ogre - Latvia

Typical kind of buildings Concrete panel houses

Types of buildings

318 series – 42 buildings • typical “hrushovkas” white

brick buildings, built mainly in 1960, 3 and 5 stories

• 1 room flat 29 m2, 2 room flat 41 m2

Typical social problems• problems connected to social and

political change and transition taking place in Latvia;

• lack of income;• Individual problems economic and

social, lack of self-esteem and self-reliance, young people prefer to move to Riga and work abroad. Lack of interest in municipal politics and public issues is also a problem at the individual level;

• Lack of extension and knowledge in home economics and especially in house management;

• Lack of free time • FUEL POVERTY!

3. Pécsvárad - Hungary

Houses• 121 flats in 10

buildings• Min. floor area

65 m2• Max. floor area

105 m2

Buildings datas – current situation

Spec. heat loss factor: Now: 0,52 W/m3KAllowed value: 0,27 W/m3K

Integrated energy performance: Now: 228 kWh/m2aAllowed value: 133 kWh/m2a

171,5%

Category F (average)

A+

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Buildings datas – After renovation

Spec. heat loss factor: After renovation: 0,17 W/m3KAllowed value: 0,27 W/m3K

Integrated energy performance:

After renovation:100 kWh/m2aAllowed value: 133 kWh/m2a

75,3 %

Category B (better than requirement)

A+

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

4.4. Pieriki - Greece Pieriki - Greece

The blocks

Conclusions (1)• Fuel poverty is becoming a serious problem for (social) housing• In social housing energy costs are high in combination with poor

thermal comfort and indoor air quality• Saving potential and benefits are high• Benefits can be allocated to investments

Conclusions (2)• Specific problem is spread ownership: to be solved by organising

occupants and forming legal entities; very important to achieve any results and commitment.

• To negotiate with possible investors, ESCO’s, EPC etc.• Important to provide a balanced set of energy saving measures,

measures to improve IAQ and thermal comfort, in combination with ways how to finance this for these groups of housings that normally don’t have possibilities for this. However, comfort standards and expectations differ from country to country.

• Technical solutions are not so much the problem but rather the relation between the quality and expected lifetime of buildings, and the lack of vision of strategic housing and strategic maintenance and financing.

• Many buildings are at the end of their technical and economical lifetime• Risk allocation in energy exploitation is still a big problem.