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- i - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
RTCM STANDARD 123xx.0for
VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services
VERSION Draft Outline
DEVELOPED BYRTCM SPECIAL COMMITTEE NO. 123
August 23, 2006
COPYRIGHT 2006 RTCM
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services1800 N. Kent St., Suite 1060
Arlington, Virginia 22209-2109 U.S.A.E-Mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.rtcm.org
- ii - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
The Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services (RTCM) is an incorporated non-profit organization, with participation in its work by international representation from both government and non-government organizations. The RTCM does not work to induce sales, it does not test or endorse products, and it does not monitor or enforce the use of its standards.
The RTCM does not engage in the design, sale, manufacture or distribution of equipment or in any way control the use of this standard by any manufacturer, service provider, or user. Use of, and adherence to, this standard is entirely within the control and discretion of each manufacturer, service provider, and user.
For information on RTCM Documents or onparticipation in development of future RTCM documents contact:
Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services1800 N. Kent St., Suite 1060
Arlington, Virginia 22209-2109 USA
Telephone: +1-703-527-2000Telefax: +1-703-351-9932
E-Mail: [email protected]
- iii - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
RTCM STANDARD 123xx.0for
VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services
VERSION Draft Outline
DEVELOPED BYRTCM SPECIAL COMMITTEE NO. 123
August 23, 2006
COPYRIGHT 2004 RTCM
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services1800 N. Kent St., Suite 1060
Arlington, Virginia 22209-2109 U.S.A.E-Mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.rtcm.org
- iv - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
CONTENTS
1 Scope........................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references.............................................................................................................1
3 Definitions and abbreviations................................................................................................1
3.1 Definitions......................................................................................................................13.2 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................1
4 General requirements.............................................................................................................2
4.1.1 4.1.1 Capabilities of the VDSMS....................................................................34.1.2 4.1.2 Quality assurance..................................................................................34.1.3 Safety of operation..........................................................................................34.1.4 4.1.4 Additional features.................................................................................34.1.5 4.1.5 Modes of operation................................................................................3
4.2 Manuals..........................................................................................................................34.3 Marking and identification............................................................................................3
5 Environmental, power supply, interference and safety requirements...............................4
5.1 General........................................................................................................................... 46 Performance requirements.....................................................................................................4
6.1 Composition...................................................................................................................46.2 Operating frequency channels.....................................................................................4
6.2.1 Primary and secondary channel users..........................................................46.2.2 Carrier Sense Time Division Multiple Access (CSTDMA)...........................4
6.3 Identification.................................................................................................................. 46.4 VDSMS Message Content............................................................................................56.5 VDSMS Message Types...............................................................................................56.6 Alarms and indications, fall-back arrangements.......................................................5
6.6.1 Integrity and protection...................................................................................56.6.2 Transmitter shutdown procedure...................................................................5
6.7 6.7 User interface.........................................................................................................66.7.1 Indicators and display.....................................................................................66.7.2 MMSI input........................................................................................................66.7.3 External interfaces...........................................................................................6
7 Technical requirements..........................................................................................................6
7.1 General........................................................................................................................... 67.2 Physical layer................................................................................................................7
7.2.1 Transceiver characteristics.............................................................................77.2.2 Transmitter requirements................................................................................87.2.3 Receiver requirements....................................................................................9
7.3 Link layer.......................................................................................................................97.3.1 Link sublayer 1: Medium Access Control (MAC)..........................................97.3.2 Link sublayer 2: Data Link Service (DLS).....................................................9
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7.3.3 Link sublayer 3 – Link Management Entity (LME).....................................127.4 Network layer..............................................................................................................127.5 Transport layer............................................................................................................12
7.5.1 Transmission packets....................................................................................127.5.2 Retransmission of packets...........................................................................13
8 Test conditions...................................................................................................................... 13
9 Power supply, environmental and EMC test......................................................................14
10 Operational tests................................................................................................................... 14
11 Specific tests of link layer....................................................................................................14
12 Specific tests of network......................................................................................................14
Annex A (normative) GMSK type VDSMS................................................................................16
A.1 Scope........................................................................................................................... 16A.2 References.................................................................................................................. 16A.3 Performance characteristics......................................................................................16
A.3.1 Frequency and type of signal.......................................................................16A.3.2 Radiated power output..................................................................................16A.3.3 Type of emission............................................................................................16A.3.4 Radiated power output..................................................................................16A.3.5 Modulation Characteristics...........................................................................16
A.4 Performance Tests.....................................................................................................16A.4.1 Transmitter.....................................................................................................16A.4.2 Receiver..........................................................................................................16
Annex B (normative) /4 DQPSK type VDSMS.......................................................................17
B.1 Scope........................................................................................................................... 17B.2 References.................................................................................................................. 17B.3 Performance characteristics......................................................................................17
B.3.1 Frequency and type of signal.......................................................................17B.3.2 Radiated power output..................................................................................17B.3.3 Type of emission............................................................................................17B.3.4 Radiated power output..................................................................................17B.3.5 Modulation Characteristics...........................................................................17
B.4 Performance Tests.....................................................................................................17B.4.1 Transmitter.....................................................................................................17B.4.2 Receiver..........................................................................................................17
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RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
RADIO TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR MARITIME SERVICES
RTCM RECOMMENDED STANDARD FORVHF-FM Digital Small Message Services
Draft Outline
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum functional and technical requirements for VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services (VDSMS).
The VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services are intended to provide short text messaging for ship to ship, shore to ship and ship to shore applications.
The VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services operates on frequencies in the Inter\national VHF Marine Band, ITU Appendix 18, and identified in this document. VDSMS are to be secondary users of these channels. The VHF Data Link access method will ensure broadcast and voice services have priority over VDSMS.
The body of this standard includes requirements for The VHF-FM Digital Small Message Services (Sections 1 through 8). Requirements for specific technologies are contained in the Annexes.
TBR
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document to the extent specified herein. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
TBR
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 DefinitionsVHF-FM Digital Small Message Services (VDSMS) A Marine Short Messaging Service that uses VHF channel white space to transmit and receive digital messages between ships and between ships and shore stations.
TBR
3.2 Abbreviations
TBD (For Reference- this is the list from Class B IEC document with a couple of additions)
- 2 - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
AIS Automatic Identification SystemBER Bit Error RateBT Bandwidth Time productCOG Course over groundCPU Central Processing UnitCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCS Carrier-SenseCSTDMA Carrier-Sense Time Division Multiple AccessDGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite ServiceDLS Data Link ServiceDSC Digital Selective CallingECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information SystemEPFS Electronic Position Fixing SystemETA Estimated Time of ArrivalEUT Equipment Under TestFCS Frame Check SequenceFM Frequency ModulationGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGNSS Global Navigation Satellite ServiceHDG HeadingHDLC High level Data Link ControlHSC High Speed CraftIEC International Electrotechnical CommisissionIMO International Maritime OrganizationITU International Telecommunication UnionLME Link Management EntityLR Long RangeMAC Medium Access ControlMMSI Maritime Mobile Service IdentityNM Nautical Miles (refer to ISO 19018)NRZI Non Return to Zero InvertedNUC Not Under CommandOSI Open System Interconnection modelPss Steady state RF output powerPER Packet Error RatePI Presentation InterfacePRS Pseudo Random SequenceRAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity MonitoringRx ReceiveSINAD Signal Interference Noise and Distortion ratioSOG Speed Over GroundSOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at SeaTBD To Be DeterminedTBR To Be ReviewedTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTx TransmitUTC Universal Time Co-ordinatedVDL VHF Data LinkVDSMS VHF-FM Digital Small Message ServiceVDM Serial output message containing VDL information (IEC 61162-1)VHF Very High FrequencyVSWR Voltage Standing Wave RatioVTS Vessel Traffic Services
4 General requirements
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The general requirements in this clause apply to each of the technologies included in the annexes.
TBR
4.1.1 4.1.1 Capabilities of the VDSMS
The VDSMS shall improve the safety of navigation by assisting in the efficient communication of ships, small craft and coast stations.
The VDSMS shall be capable of transmitting and receiving short text messages
– in a ship-to-ship, ship to shore or shore to ship mode
TBR
4.1.2 4.1.2 Quality assuranceManufacturers shall have a quality control system audited by a competent authority to ensurecontinuous compliance with the requirements of this standard. Alternatively, the manufacturermay use final product verification procedures where a competent authority verifies compliancewith the requirements of this standard before the product is put to the market.
TBR
4.1.3 Safety of operationIt shall not be possible for the operator to augment, amend or erase any program software inthe equipment required for operation in accordance with the equipment standard. Data usedduring operation and stored in the system shall be protected in such a way, that necessarymodifications and amendments by the user cannot affect its integrity and correctness.
TBR
4.1.4 4.1.4 Additional featuresWhere equipment provides a facility that is additional to the minimum requirements of thisstandard, the operation and, as far as is reasonably practicable, the malfunction of such anadditional facility shall not degrade the performance of the equipment.
TBR
4.1.5 4.1.5 Modes of operationManual operator initiated only?
TBR
4.2 Manuals
TBD
4.3 Marking and identification
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TBD
5 Environmental, power supply, interference and safety requirements
5.1 GeneralTBD
6 Performance requirements
6.1 CompositionThe VDSMS transceiver shall be comprised of: a communication processor, capable of operating in a part of the VHF Maritime Mobile Service
band, in support of short range (VHF) applications;
at least one transmitter and one receiving processes
processes shall work independently and simultaneously on AIS channel A and channel B4
Others TBD?
TBR
6.2 Operating frequency channels
The VDSMS shall be designed for operation in the VHF maritime mobile band, on either 25 kHz or 12.5 kHz simplex or duplex channels in half-duplex mode, in accordance with Radio Regulations (RR) Appendix 18 and Recommendation ITU-R M.1084, Annex 4.
The VDSMS shall operate on the coast station frequencies assigned to channels 21, 22, 23, 80, 81, 82 , 83 as listed in Radio Regulations (RR) Appendix 18 and Recommendation ITU-R M.1084, Annex 4.
6.2.1 Primary and secondary channel users
VDSM Services shall be secondary users of these channels. The primary users of these channels shall be in accordance with Radio Regulations (RR) Appendix 18 and Recommendation ITU-R M.1084, Annex 4.
6.2.2 Carrier Sense Time Division Multiple Access (CSTDMA)
Access to the operating channels shall be via Carrier Sense Time Division Multiple Access described 7.2.1 in this document. This access method is designed use channel white space and to minimize interference with the primary users.
TBR
6.3 Identification
For the purpose of ship and message identification, the appropriate Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number shall be used?
The unit shall only transmit if an MMSI has been programmed?
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TBR
6.4 VDSMS Message Content
The VDSMS message shall contain plain text.
The VDSMS message shall contain the MMSI of the transmitting radio?
The VDSMS message shall contain the position of the VDSMS transceiver or base station?
A point to point VDSMS message shall contain the address (MMSI) of the intended ship or shore station?
A broadcast message shall contain a broadcast message identifier?
The VDSMS message shall contain a CRC.
TBR
6.5 VDSMS Message Types
There shall be three types of VDSMS messages. They are an addressed text message, a broadcast text message and an acknowledgement message.
TBR
6.6 Alarms and indications, fall-back arrangements
6.6.1 Integrity and protectionThe VDSMS shall be equipped with built in integrity tests (BIIT). The BIIT shall run continuously or at appropriate intervals simultaneously with the standard functions of the equipment.
If any failure or malfunction is detected that will significantly reduce integrity or stop operationof the VDSMS, a visual indication shall be given. This includes the detection of background noise above –77 dBm.
The VDSMS installation, when operating, shall not be damaged by the effects of open-circuited orshort-circuited antenna terminals.
TBR
6.6.2 Transmitter shutdown procedureAn automatic transmitter shutdown shall be provided in the case where a transmitter does notdiscontinue its transmission within 1 s of the end of its nominal transmission. This procedureshall be independent of the operating software.
TBR
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6.7 6.7 User interface
6.7.1 Indicators and display
The VDSMS transceiver shall be provided with the following indicators:
Power: power on and fully operable (transmitting and receiving properly);
Receipt: of message: successful or unsuccessful
TBR
6.7.2 MMSI inputIt shall not be possible for the user to alter the MMSI once programmed (if MMSI used)
TBR
6.7.3 External interfaces
TBD
7 Technical requirements
7.1 General
This clause covers layers 1 to 4 (Physical Layer, Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer) of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model.
Figure 1 illustrates the layer model of an VDSMS transceiver (Physical Layer to Transport Layer) and the layers of the applications (Session Layer to Application Layer):
- 7 - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
Figure 1 – OSI layer model
TBR
7.2 Physical layer
The Physical Layer is responsible for the transfer of a bit-stream from an originator to the data link.
TBR
7.2.1 Transceiver characteristics
General transceiver characteristics shall be as follows:
Frequency Channels as specified in 6.2
Channel spacing – 25 kHz (encoded according to RR Appendix 18 with footnotes)
Channel bandwidth - 25 kHz
Training sequence 24 bits
Modulation in accordance with Annexes in this document
- 8 - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
TBR
7.2.1.1 Single channel operation
The VDSMS transceiver shall operate on one channel at a time with no channel hopping. The operator shall manually select the operating channel.
TBR
7.2.1.2 Bandwidth
The VDSMS transceiver shall operate on 25 kHz channels according to ITU-R Recommendation
M.1084-4 and Appendix 18 of the Radio Regulations.
TBR
7.2.1.3 Modulation scheme
The modulation scheme shall be in accordance with one of the modulation schemes in the annex of this document.
TBR
7.2.1.4 Training sequence
Data transmission shall begin with a 24-bit demodulator training sequence (preamble) consisting of one segment synchronisation. This segment shall consist of alternating zeros and ones (0101....). This sequence shall always starts with a 0.
TBR
7.2.1.5 Data encoding
The NRZI waveform is used for data encoding. The waveform is specified as giving a change in the level when a zero (0) is encountered in the bit stream.
Forward error correction, interleaving or bit scrambling is not used.
TBR
7.2.2 Transmitter requirements
7.2.2.1 Transmitter parameters
Technical requirements for transmitters shall be in accordance with the requirements for the individual technologies as described in the Annex of this document.
TBR
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7.2.3 Receiver requirements
Technical requirements for receivers shall be in accordance with the requirements for the individual technologies as described in the Annex of this document.
TBR
7.3 Link layerThe Link layer specifies how data shall be packaged in order to apply error detection to thedata transfer. The Link layer is divided into three sublayers.
TBR
7.3.1 Link sublayer 1: Medium Access Control (MAC)The MAC sublayer provides a method for granting access to the data transfer medium, i.e. theVHF data link. The method used shall be Carrier Sense Time Division Multiple Access (CSTDMA).
TBR
7.3.1.1 Carrier-sense (CS) detection methodThe CSTDMA shall detect “dead air” on the selected VDSMS channel based on the CS detection threshold. When the CS detection threshold is met, a “transmission allowed window” of TBD seconds duration will begin provide the time from the last message transmission is at least TBD seconds. Access to the VDL shall be accomplished within this window of time. This transmission allowed window shall consist of TBD time slots.
TBR
7.3.1.2 CS detection threshold
TBD
7.3.1.3 VDL accessThe VDSMS message shall be transmitted in one of the time slots in the transmission allowed window. The time slot shall be randomly selected to reduce interference with other VDSMS transmitters. Access to the VDL shall be limited one time slot within the transmission allowed window.
TBR
7.3.2 Link sublayer 2: Data Link Service (DLS)
The DLS sublayer provides methods for
data link activation and release;
data transfer; or
error detection and control.
TBR
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7.3.2.1 Data link activation and release
Based on the MAC sublayer the DLS will listen, activate or release the data link.
TBR
7.3.2.2 7.3.2.2 Data transfer
Data transfer shall use a bit-oriented protocol which is based on the High-Level Data Link
Control (HDLC) as specified by ISO/IEC 3309:1993. Information packets (I-Packets) shall be
used with the exception that the control field is omitted.
TBR
7.3.2.2.1 Bit stuffing
The bit stream shall be subject to bit stuffing. This means that if five consecutive ones (1’s)
are found in the output bit stream, a zero shall be inserted. This applies to all bits except the
data bits of HDLC flags.
TBR
7.3.2.2.2 Packet format
The packet shall be sent from left to right. This structure is identical to the general HDLC
structure, except for the training sequence. The training sequence shall be used in order to
synchronise the VHF receiver. The total length of the default packet is
256 bits. This is equivalent to 26.7 ms.
Start-Buffer Training sequence
Start flag Data FCS End flag End-Buffer
TBR
7.3.2.2.3 Start-Buffer
TBD
7.3.2.2.4 Training sequence
TBD
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7.3.2.2.5 Start flag
The start flag shall be 8 bits long and consists of a standard HDLC flag. It is used to detect the start of a transmission packet. The Start flag consists of a bit pattern, 8 bits long: 01111110 (7Eh). The flag shall not be subject to bit stuffing, although it consists of 6 bits ofconsecutive ones (1's).
TBR
7.3.2.2.6 Data
The data portion in the default transmission packet transmitted in 1 time period is a maximum of 168 bits.
TBR
7.3.2.2.7 Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
The FCS uses the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 16-bit polynomial to calculate the checksum as defined in ISO/IEC 3309:1993. All the CRC bits shall be pre-set to one (1) at the beginning of a CRC calculation. Only the data portion shall be included in the CRC calculation.
7.3.2.2.8 End flag
The End flag is identical to the Start flag as described in 7.3.2.2.5.
TBR
7.3.2.2.9 End-buffer bit stuffing 4 bitsNOTE The probability of 4 bits of bit stuffing is only 5 % greater than that of 3 bit; refer to ITU-R M.1371-1 A2 3.2.2.8.1.
ramp down 3 bits
distance delay 2 bitsNOTE A buffer value of 2 bits is reserved for a distance delay equivalent to 30 NM for own transmission.
A repeater delay is not applicable (Duplex Repeater Environment is not supported).
TBR
7.3.2.3 Summary of the transmission packet
TBD
7.3.2.4 Transmission timing
TBD
7.3.2.5 Long transmission packets
TBD
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7.3.2.6 Error detection and control
Error detection and control shall be handled using the CRC polynomial as described in 7.3.2.2.7. CRC errors shall result in no further action by the VDSMS“.
TBR
7.3.3 Link sublayer 3 – Link Management Entity (LME)
The LME controls the operation of the DLS, MAC and the physical layer.
TBR
7.3.3.1 Access algorithm for transmissions
TBD
7.3.3.2 Modes of operation
TBD
7.3.3.3 Initialization
TBD
7.4 Network layer
The network layer shall be used for
establishing and maintaining channel connections;
management of priority assignments of messages;
distribution of transmission packets between channels;
data link congestion resolution.
TBR
7.5 Transport layer
TBD
7.5.1 Transmission packets
A transmission packet is an internal representation of some information, which can ultimately be communicated to external systems. The transmission packet is dimensioned so that it conforms to the rules of data transfer. The transport layer shall convert data intended for transmission, into transmission packets.
The transport layer keeps track of the packet delivery and the packets that must be resent.
TBR
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7.5.2 Retransmission of packets
An acknowledgement message shall be transmitted by the receiving radio upon successful receipt of the message. If the acknowledgement is not received within TBD seconds, the message shall be retransmitted. Retransmission shall be limited to TBD retries. The retries shall follow the same link access rules as the original transmission. The VDSMS transceiver that originated the message shall provide an positive indicator to show successful or unsuccessful transmission of the addressed message.
8 Test conditions
8.1 GeneralThe test condition requirements in section 8 are applicable to all technologies described in the Annex of this document.
TBR
8.2 Normal and extreme test conditions8.2.1 Normal test conditions8.2.1.1 Temperature and humidityTemperature and humidity shall be within following range:Temperature +15 °C to +35 °CHumidity 20 % to 75 %
TBR
8.2.1.2 Power supplyThe normal power supply for the tests shall be the nominal voltage as defined by themanufacturer ±3 %.
TBR
8.2.2 Extreme test conditionsTest under extreme test conditions shall be a combination of high temperature (dry heat) andupper limit of supply voltage applied simultaneously and low temperature and lower limit ofsupply voltage applied simultaneously (see Clause 9).During type-testing of battery operated equipment the power source to the equipment may bereplaced by a test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages.
TBR
8.3 Test signalsThe test signals are described in the Annex of this document each of the included technologies.
TBR
8.4 Test arrangements8.4.1 Standard test environment
TBD
8.4.2 Modes of operation of the transmitterFor the purpose of the measurements according to this standard, there shall be a means tooperate the transmitter unmodulated or, alternatively, the method of obtaining anunmodulated carrier or special types of modulation patterns may be decided by agreementbetween the manufacturer and the test laboratory. It shall be described in the test report. It
- 14 - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
may involve suitable temporary internal modifications of the equipment under test.
TBR
8.4.3 Measurement uncertaintiesMaximum values of absolute measurement uncertainties shall be as follows:RF frequency .........................................................................±1 10–7RF power .............................................................................. ±0,75 dBAdjacent channel power ............................................................. ±5 dBConducted spurious emission of transmitter ............................... ±4 dBConducted spurious emission of receiver .................................. ±3 dBTwo-signal measurement ........................................................... ±4 dBThree-signal measurement ........................................................ ±3 dBRadiated emission of transmitter ................................................ ±6 dBRadiated emission of receiver ................................................... ±6 dBTransmitter timing characteristics ..................................±1 bit (104 μs)Transmitter transient frequency (frequency difference) ...........±250 HzFor the test methods according to this standard, these uncertainty figures are valid to aconfidence level of 95 %.The interpretation of the results recorded in a test report for the measurements described inthis standard shall be as follows:a) the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whetherequipment meets the requirements of this standard;b) the actual measurement uncertainty of the test laboratory carrying out the measurements,for each particular measurement, shall be included in the test report;c) the values of the actual measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the figures given in this subclause (absolute measurement uncertainties).
TBR
9 Power supply, environmental and EMC test
TBD
10 Operational tests
TBD
11 Specific tests of link layer
TBD
12 Specific tests of network
TBD
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Annex A (normative)
GMSK type VDSMS
A.1 Scope
TBD
A.2 References
TBD
A.3 Performance characteristics
TBD
A.3.1 Frequency and type of signal
A.3.2 Radiated power output
A.3.3 Type of emission
A.3.4 Radiated power output
A.3.5 Modulation Characteristics
A.4 Performance Tests
TBD
A.4.1 Transmitter
A.4.2 Receiver
- 17 - RTCM Paper 126-2006-SC123-010
Annex B (normative)
/4 DQPSK type VDSMS
B.1 Scope
TBD
B.2 References
TBD
B.3 Performance characteristics
TBD
B.3.1 Frequency and type of signal
B.3.2 Radiated power output
B.3.3 Type of emission
B.3.4 Radiated power output
B.3.5 Modulation Characteristics
B.4 Performance Tests
TBD
B.4.1 Transmitter
B.4.2 Receiver
