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Short-circuit currents

Calculation of effects

Part 1:

Definitions and calculation methods

Reference number

IEC 60865-1:1993(E)

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

IEC

60865-1

Second edition1993-09

This English-language version is derived from the originalbilingual publication by leaving out all French-languagepages. Missing page numbers correspond to the French-language pages.

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Publication numbering

As from 1 January 1997 al l IEC publicat ions are issued wi th a des ignati on in the60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referr ed to as IEC 60034-1.

Consolidated editions

The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, thebase publication incorporating amendment 1 and t he base publication incorporatingamendments 1 and 2.

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The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating tothis publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue ofpublications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda.Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertakenby the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list

of publications issued, is also available from the following:

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Short-circuit currents


Part 1:

Definitions and calculation methods

For price, see current catalogue

IEC 1993 Copyright - all rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.iec.ch

INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

IEC

60865-1

Second edition1993-09

XA Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission

PRICE CODE

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Publication 865 -1 de la

CEI

Deuxime dition 1993)

Courants de court-circuit -

Calcul des

effets

Partie 1: Dfinitions et mthodes de calcul

IEC Publication 865-1

Second edit ion 1993)

Short-circuit currents -


Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

C O R R I G E N D U M

Page 64, tableau 2

Dans la troisime

colonne

pour un court-

circuit biphas, au lieu de:

1,8

lire:

-

un tiret)

Page 74, figure 2

Sur la gauche des de ssins,

ajouter:

a)

et

b

espectivement.

Page 104, a nnexe A, article A.2

Remplacer la dernire ligne de lquation

existante

par la nouvelle

l igne suivante:

Page 65, table 2

In the third column for a

line-to-line

short

circuit, instead of:

1,8

read:

- dash)

Page 75, figure 2

Add, at the left-hand side of the drawings:

a)

and

b

respectively.

Page 105, annex A, clause A.2

Replace the last line of the e xisting equ ation

by the following new line:

arctan

a/d)

+ 1

/d

a/d) -1 a/d

b/d

2

/d

-2 arctan

b d

+ arctan

d

Mars 1995

arch 1995

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865-1 IEC:1993

3

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD

Section 1:

General

lause

1.1 Scope and object

9

1.2 Normative references

9

1.3 Equations symbols and units

11

1.3.1

ymbols for section 2 E lectromagnetic effects

1.3.2

ymbols for section 3 Therm al effects

7

1.4 Definitions

19

1.4.1

efinitions for section 2 Electromagnetic effects

9

1.4.1.1 Main conductor

9

1.4.1.2 Sub-conductor

9

1.4.1.3 Fixed support

9

1.4.1.4 Simple suppo

rt

9

1.4.1.5 Connecting piece

9

1.4.1.6 Short-circuit tensile force F

t

9

1.4.1.7 D

ro

p force F

f

9

1.4.1.8 Pinch force

Fpi

2

1.4.1.9 Duration of the first short-circuit current flow

T

k l

2

1.4.2

efinitions for section 3 - Thermal effects

2

1.4.2.1 Thermal equivalent short-time current

th

2

1.4.2.2 Rated short-time withstand current

th r

2

1.4.2.3 Thermal equivalent short-time current density

S

2

1.4.2.4 Rated short-time withstand current density S

for conductors

2

1.4.2.5 Duration of short-circuit current

Tk

1

1.4.2.6 Rated sho

rt

time,

Tk r

2

Section 2:

The electromagn etic effect on rigid conductors

and flexible conductors

2 1 General

23

2.1.1

nfluence on stress reduction

23

2.1.2

onsideration of automatic reclosing

23

2.2 Rigid conductor arr

an

gements

25

2.2.1

alculation of electromagnetic forces

25

2.2.1.1 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a three-phase

sho

rt

circuit

25

2.2.1.2 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a line-to-line

sho

rt

circuit

25

2.2.1.3 Calculation of peak value of for

ce

s between cop lanar sub-conductors

25

2.2.1.4 Effective dist

an

ce between main conductors

an

d

between sub-conductors

27

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865-1 IEC:1993

5

lause

age

2.2.2

alculation of st

re

sses in rigid conductors

an

d

forces on supports

27

2.2.2.1 General

27

2.2.2.2 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors

27

2.2.2.3 Section modulus

and

factor

q

of main conductors composed of sub-conductors 31

2.2.2.4 Permitted conductor stress

3

2.2.2.5 Calculation of forces on supports of rigid conductors

33

2.2.2.6 Calculation with special

re

gard to conductor oscillation

33

2.3 Flexible conductor arrangements

37

2.3.1

eneral

37

2.3.2 Effects on main conductors

37

2.3.2.1 Characteristic dimensions

andparameters

39

2.3.2.2 Tensile force Ft during sho

rt

circuit caused by swing out short-circuit

tensile force)

43

2.3.2.3 Tensile force

after sho

rt

circuit caused by drop (drop force)

43

2.3.2.4 Ho

ri

zontal span displacement b

an

d

minimum air clearance am n

45

2.3.3 Tensile force

caused by the pinch effect

47

2.3.3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters

47


n the c as

e of clashing sub-conductors

49


in the c as

e of non -clashing sub-conductors

5

2.4 Structure loads due to electromagnetic effects

53

2.4.1

esign load for post isulators, their supp o

rts and

connectors

53

2.4.2esign load for structu

re s, insulators

and

connectors, with tensile forces

transmitted by insulator chains

55

2.4.3

esign load for foundations

55

Section

3: The thermal effect on bare conductors and electrical equipment

3.1 General

57

3.2 Calculation of temperature rise

57

3.2.1

eneral

57

3.2.2

alculation of thermal equivalent short-time current

57

3.2.3

alculation of temp erature rise

and

rated short-time withstand current density

for conductors

59

3.2.4

alculation of the thermal short-circuit strength for different durations

of the short-circuit current

6

3.2.4.1 Electrical equipment

6

3.2.4.2 Conductors

6

TABLES

63

FIGURES

73

ANNEXES

A Equations for calculation of diagrams

105

B Iteration-procedure for calculation of factor rl for the tensile force

F p l in the c

as

e of

non-clashing bundled conductors according to IEC 865, 2.3.3.3 equation 62)

115

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IEC 60865-1 Ed. 2.0 Short-circuit currents -

Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and

calculation methods
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