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7/31/2019 IE477 Team Dynamics Workshop 2005
1/23
Bilkent University
IE477 Production Systems Design-Synthesis 2005
Team Dynamics Workshop
by Zahide Karakitapolu-AygnK. Zeynep Girgin
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Objectives of the Workshop
Teams versus Groups
Importance & Power of Teamwork
Team Formation
Team Roles: Team Player Exercise
Decision Making & Effectiveness of Teams
Desert Survival Exercise
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Why Have Teams Become So Popular
Teams typically outperform individuals.
Teams use employee talents better.
Teams are more flexible and responsive tochanges in the environment.
Teams facilitate employee involvement.
Teams are an effective way to democratize anorganization and increase motivation.
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Synergy
Synergy: The whole is greater than the sum of
its partsOr
1+1>2
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Exercise
Toy car
Ceramic egg
Ruler
Floppy disk Yellow marker
Photo of teacher
Dart
Perfume
Elephant statue
Calculator
Ring
School calendar
Refrigerator magnet
Id card Pair of glasses
Plastic Fork
Small Turkey flag
Job application
Battery
Scissors
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Team Versus Groups: Whats the Difference
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Comparing Groups and Teams
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When to use groups?
Factors in the use of groups
Task complexity
If simple, assign to _________, if complex, assign to_________.
Time
If there is no time, assign to __________, if there isplenty of time, assign to ___________.
Commitment
If commitment is needed, assign to ___________, ifnot, assign to __________
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Stages of Team Development
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Stages of Team Development (contd)
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Stages of Team Development
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An Alternative Model: For Temporary Teams
with Deadlines
Sequence of actions:1. Setting group direction
2. First phase of inertia
3. Half-way point transition
4. Major changes5. Second phase of inertia
6. Accelerated activity
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The Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
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Mid-Point transitions
Sense of urgency
New perspectives and processes
Awareness of external constraints
Implementation focus
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Teams in Balance
Strengths
More completeinformation
Increased diversity of
views Higher quality of
decisions
Increased acceptance ofsolutions
Potentialfor creativityand quality
Commitment
Weaknesses
More time consuming(inefficiency)
Increased pressure to
conform Domination by one or a
few members
Ambiguous responsibility
Potentialfor lack of
creativity
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Creating Effective Teams
Group Size
Performance
Main problems:1. Process losses
2. Social loafing
3. Groupthink
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Group Decision Making
Symptoms
Illusion of invulnerability Assumption of morality
Rationalization
Stereotyping of outgroups
Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity
Mindguarding
Pressuring of dissenters
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Consequences: Poor decision making
Poor information gathering
Selective information processing
Development of few alternatives
Failure to consider risk fully
Failure to reevaluate decision and alternatives
Failure to develop contingency plans
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How to Minimize Groupthink
Assign group members the role of criticalevaluator
Bring in outsiders with differing opinions
Create subgrouos and rotate membership amongthem
Assign several devils advocates
Provide clear rules to encourage disagreementand constructive conflict
Encourage an open climate through nondirectiveleadership
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A Team-Effectiveness Model
Team Design
Autonomy
Skill variety
Task identity
Task significance
Composition
AbilityPersonality
Roles & diversity
Size
Processes
Team Member Relationships:
Cohesiveness
Common purpose
Specific goals
Team efficacy
Conflict
Team roles: Task- &
Relationship-Oriented
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Team Roles
Task Performance Roles
Analyzing the problem or
task structure
Suggesting solutions
Asking for information
Summarizing Delegating
Refocusing team on task
Pushing for a team decision
Maintenance
(interpersonal) Roles
Telling a joke
Mediating a conflict between
team members
Encouraging all to participate
Showing approval
Suggesting a break from
work
Reminding members of
norms for cooperation Encouraging and modeling
positive affect for team
members
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Characteristics of Effective Teams
Clear unity of purpose
Clear performance goals
An informal, comfortable, relaxed atmosphere
Participative discussion
Freedom of feelings and ideas
Positive perceptions of disagreement
Frequent, frank and comfortable criticism
Shared leadership
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Team Effectiveness
Effective teams:
fulfill objectives, meet member needs andsurvive
What determines whether your teamworks well or not?
Team design
Composition
Processes