I. Distinct Cultural Regions Develop

A. There Were Four Distinct Regions that Developed in the English Colonies of America.

a) The New England Colonies

b) The Middle Colonies

c) The Southern Colonies

d) The Backcountry

II. Factors that influence the development of Geographic Regional

DistinctionsA. Climate – climate affects things like what people wear, what they eat, and the homes they live in.

B. Social Norms – Humanly created rules of behavior, edict, rituals and taboos

C. Religious Beliefs – Common religious beliefs or practices that shape the lives of the people.

D. Values – Things that people hold in high regard or consider to be of great worth.

E. Physical Geography –natural resources specific to a region that occur naturally that influence economic capabilities

Regions of the 13 Colonies:

Regional Differences between the

Colonies

New England Colonies

A. The New England Colonies included

a) Massachusetts Maine was a part of

b) Rhode Islandc) New

Hampshired) Connecticut

B. New England Colonies were characterized by

A. Climate – Long cold winters, rocky soil, population of mostly English settlers

B. Social Norms – Heavily influenced by the Puritans and included things like mandatory church attendance, no dancing, and no playing of games

C. Religious Beliefs – Centered around Puritanism which aimed to “purify” the practices of the Church of England

D. Values – “The New England Way” which emphasized godliness, duty, hard work, and honesty

VI. Natural Resources of the New England colonies

A. Natural Resourcesa. Natural Harbors good

for shipping and tradeb. Abundant Forests with

lots of Timberc. Atlantic Ocean offered

good water for fishing and whaling

d. Good land for grazing cattle

VI. New England Colonies Natural Resources & Economic DevelopmentB. Economic Development

whaling – provide oil from rendered lardSmall Farms – families provided for themselves through subsistence farmingFishing – New England’s coast offers some of the worlds best fishing - Mackerel, Halibut, Cod, and clamsShip Building – Timber from pine trees and oak tree are ideal for building shipsTrade – With good ports Triangular trade routs are developed between New England, Africa, and the West Indies (islands in the Caribbean)

V. New England Colonies

A. Subsistence Farming – growing enough food for your family and maybe a little extra used for trade.

a) Long winters and short summers equaled a short growing season

b) The soil was shallow and rocky which made farming difficult and less productive

C. Triangular Trade – a trading route with three stops.

a) 1 typical scenario of Triangular Trade - • A ship would leave New England with rum

and iron• The ship would go to Africa drop off the

rum and iron and pick up slaves• The ship would sail to the West Indies/

Caribbean and there trade the slaves for sugar and molasses.

• The ship would take the sugar and molasses back to New England where they would use the molasses to make rum and the whole process would start again.

Middle Passage

Triangular Trade

D. Middle Passage – This was the part of a Triangular Trade route where slaves were transported on ships from Africa to the Americas. a) Hundred of Africans

died on this journey

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

I.I. The Colonies The Colonies ::A.A. New YorkNew York

B.B. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

C.C. Delaware Delaware

D.D. and New Jersey and New Jersey

MIDDLE COLONIESMIDDLE COLONIESII. ClimateII. Climate• Longer Growing Longer Growing

Season than New Season than New EnglandEngland

• Rich fertile soil Rich fertile soil allowed the growth allowed the growth of Cash Crops of of Cash Crops of graingrain

• Cold WintersCold Winters• Hot Humid Hot Humid

SummersSummers

MIDDLE COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES

C. Social Norms C. Social Norms – Quaker Influence Quaker Influence helped create an atmosphere of helped create an atmosphere of tolerancetolerance

D. Religious Beliefs D. Religious Beliefs – Quakerism - Quakerism - allowed other religious groups allowed other religious groups follow their own beliefs and follow their own beliefs and practicespractices

E. ValuesE. Values - Believed in the equality Believed in the equality of men and women, first group to of men and women, first group to stand up against slaverystand up against slavery

MIDDLE COLONIESMIDDLE COLONIESIV. Natural ResourcesIV. Natural Resources

Excellent Harbors Excellent Harbors ––With good ports for TradeWith good ports for Trade

Fast Flowing Rivers Fast Flowing Rivers – trad– trading and powering millsing and powering mills

Mills were used to make flower from grains. Mills were used to make flower from grains. Colonists Colonists ate 3 pounds of grain a day.ate 3 pounds of grain a day.

Rich soil Rich soil – excellent soil for farming– excellent soil for farming

Good fisheries Good fisheries

AnimalsAnimals – Animals like beavers were trapped and killed for their – Animals like beavers were trapped and killed for their pelts and furs (specifically beaver)pelts and furs (specifically beaver)

TimberTimber – for housing, ships, masts – for housing, ships, masts

MIDDLE COLONIES EconomyMIDDLE COLONIES EconomyBreadbasket ColoniesBreadbasket Colonies

III. Cash Crops III. Cash Crops – – Crops that are grown and Crops that are grown and intended to be sold for a profit.intended to be sold for a profit.A. Types of cash crops included: A. Types of cash crops included: fruits, fruits, vegetables , and above all vegetables , and above all grainsgrains B. Types of grains included: B. Types of grains included:

corn, wheat, and ryecorn, wheat, and rye

C. C. ImmigrantsImmigrantsLandless Europeans came to this Landless Europeans came to this

Region to take Region to take advantage of its advantage of its productive landproductive land

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES

A.A. The Southern The Southern Colonies Included:Colonies Included:

1.1. MarylandMaryland

2.2. VirginiaVirginia

3.3. North CarolinaNorth Carolina

4.4. South CarolinaSouth Carolina

5.5. GeorgiaGeorgia

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES

II. Climate & ColoniesII. Climate & ColoniesA.A. Very hot and humid in Very hot and humid in

the summersthe summers

B.B. Warm WintersWarm Winters

C.C. Enables Framers to Enables Framers to grow crops year-roundgrow crops year-round

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES

B. Social Norms B. Social Norms – Societal rank Societal rank based on the ownership of land based on the ownership of land and acceptance of slaveryand acceptance of slavery

C. Religious Beliefs C. Religious Beliefs – varied from varied from colony to colony, but Maryland is colony to colony, but Maryland is predominantly Catholic. predominantly Catholic.

D. ValuesD. Values - Politically conservative, Politically conservative, strong allegiance to church, local strong allegiance to church, local government and white government and white supremacy. supremacy.

SOUTHERN COLONIES ECONOMYSOUTHERN COLONIES ECONOMYA. PlantationsA. Plantations–Large plantation were vital to the Large plantation were vital to the economy of the southern colonieseconomy of the southern colonies–Plantation crops includedPlantation crops included:: Cotton, Tobacco, Rice and Indigo, coffee, and sugar cane–Plantation crops required many Plantation crops required many laborerslaborers

• Rake fieldsRake fields• Break ground before plantingBreak ground before planting• PlantPlant• Flood crops (rice)Flood crops (rice)• Drain cropsDrain crops• Hoe and weed crops Hoe and weed crops • Harvest cropsHarvest crops

– Plantation owners look for a cheep Plantation owners look for a cheep source of laborsource of labor

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIESGrowth of Slavery- Plantation owners turn Plantation owners turn

to the following for cheap laborto the following for cheap labor– Indentured Servants-Indentured Servants- poor Englishmen who agreed to

become a servant/slave for five to seven year in exchange for passage to America

» ( fulfilled time of service)

– Native American were enslavedNative American were enslaved• They knew the land and could escape• They were not immune to European diseases and

would die

– Planters turn to enslave AfricansPlanters turn to enslave Africans

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIESB. Planter Class – Plantation B. Planter Class – Plantation

owners owners i.i. Elite families with the money or Elite families with the money or

credit to buy land and slaves.credit to buy land and slaves.– More slaves = more production of

rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton, or sugar cane which equaled more money

– Slave labor allowed the planter class to become very wealthy

– This class took over the government in the southern colonies

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIESPlantations

Plantations were mostly self-Plantations were mostly self-sufficientsufficientSlaves were:Slaves were:

CarpentersCarpentersBarrel makers.Barrel makers.BlacksmithsBlacksmithsTannersTannersCurriers Curriers ShoemakersShoemakers

SpinnersSpinnersWeaversWeaversKnittersKnittersDistillersDistillers

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIESSlaves worked 15 hours a day

They were Whipped, raped and beaten

They lived in small one room cabins

They were poorly clothed

They were under fed

They made up 40% of the south’s population

They rebelled by:

Working Working slowlyslowly

Damaging Damaging equipmentsequipments

Acting stupidActing stupid

BackcountryBackcountry- Climate varied depending on latitude- Mainly settled by the Scots-Irish immigrants• Northern & Middle

Colonies – Shorter growing season, cold winters, fertile soil good for farming, population with a mixture of immigrants from all over Europe

• Southern Colonies – Warm climate, good soil for farming, English Settlers and enslaved Africans