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Poultry Terms
• Find your “Animal Terms Chart”
• Fill in any poultry terms that you ALREADY KNOW!
• We will fill in the rest of the chart soon!
Poultry
• No breed registries for poultry unlike other farm animals.
• Most commercial producers develop their own “breeds” through crossbreeding different strains/breeds.
Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes
• Breed- group of related fowl that breed true for a specific trait
• Type- purpose for which it is breed
(meat or egg type)• Classes- geographic origin
(Mediterranean, American, English and Asiatic)
Egg Producers
Layers- chickens that produce eggs• White egg producers- small in size
– White Leghorns- white plumage
• Brown egg producers- larger birds that
are not as economical as Leghorns– Rhode Island Reds- dark red plumage– New Hampshires- red plumage– Others: Dominique, Brahmas, etc.
Dominique
Breeds: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/poultry/
Egg Production Operations• Egg Production- producing eggs for human
consumption
• Laying hens are typically confined to cages or a floor-pen system.
• Eggs are cleaned, graded and packed at the farm.
• Laying hens produce eggs for approximately 72 weeks and then they are then sold for meat once their production cycle is complete.
• Over ½ of laying hens are raised through vertical integration contracts.
Meat Producers
• Chickens used for meat production are called Broilers
• Birds used for meat production are usually commercial crosses
• Examples: Plymouth Rock• Common Cross for Broilers-
Plymouth Rock (female) x Cornish (male)
Meat Production Operations
• Broiler Production- poultry produced for meat consumption.
• Poultry are fed high quality feed to maximize growth.
• Hormones cannot be added according to USDA standards.
http://www.uspoultry.org/faq/faq.cfm
Meat Production
• A producer will raise several flocks of birds each year.
• House size: 40’ X 500’• Broilers are processed into cuts of
meat and also value added products such as sandwich meat, pre-cooked products, etc
• Approximately 99% of broilers are raised through vertical integration contracts.
Confinement Broiler House
Replacement Pullet Production
Replacement Pullet Production- raising chickens to replace either egg production or broiler production operations.
Turkeys
Broad Breasted White• White plumage• Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink• White pinfeathers (feather not fully developed)
– Increases the value of the carcass• Can survive better in hotter climates• Good body confirmation but smaller
than other breeds
Turkeys
Broad Breasted Bronze• Black plumage(females=white tips on
breast feathers)
• Dark colored pinfeathers• Largest of the turkey varieties• Poor fertility and reproductive
problems– Males are not good breeders
Turkeys
Beltsville Small Whites• Developed by the USDA• Similar to the Broad
Breasted Whites• Averages about 10 lbs.
less in mature body weight than the others