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Synthesis Decomposition Neutralization Single displacement Double displacement Combustion
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Identify, give evidence for, predict products of, and classify the following types of chemical reactions:
1. Synthesis (combination)
2. Decomposition
3. Single Replacement
4. Double Replacement
5. Neutralization (acid/base)
6. Combustion
Synthesis
Decomposition
Neutralization
Single displacement
Double displacement
Combustion
A chemical reaction is a…?
Evidence of a Chemical Change/Reaction: Release of energy as heat Release of energy as light Change in colour Formation of a gas Change in odor
1. Synthesis: A + B AB
2. Decomposition: AB A + B
3. Single displacement: A + BC AC + B
4. Double displacement: AB + CD AD + CB5. Neutralization: Acid(H) + Base(OH) salt + H(OH)
6. Combustion: AB + oxygen CO2 + H2O
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
–A + B AB where A and B represent elements
– The elements may form ionic compounds, like…
– Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride.
– 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
See pages 258 - 259
Sodium added to chlorine gas
Synthesis reactions are also known as FORMATION reactions.Two or more reactants (usually elements) join to form a compound.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions.– A compound breaks down into two or more
products (often elements).–AB A + B
where A and B represent elements
1. Ionic compounds may decompose to produce elements, like the following:
• Table salt, sodium chloride, can be broken down into sodium metal and chlorine gas by melting salt at 800ºC and running electricity through it.
• 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 See page 260
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See page 260
Types: Decomposition
Example: NaCl
General: AB A + B
Cl Na Cl + Na
Types: Decomposition
Example 2HgO
O Hg
O Hg
Hg
O O Hg
+
General: AB A + B
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Single replacement reactions replace one element from a compound with another element.– A compound and an element react, and the
element switches places with part of the original compound.• A + BC B + AC• A + BC C + BA
See page 261
Types: Single displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
ZnClCl Cu +
General: AB + C AC + B
ClCl Zn Cu+
• Aluminum foil in a solution of copper(II) chloride produces solid copper and aluminum chloride.
• 2Al + 3CuCl2 3Cu + 2AlCl3• When fluorine is bubbled through a sodium
iodide solution, iodine and sodium fluoride are produced.
• Fl2 + 2NaI I2 + 2NaF
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Double replacement reactions swap elements between 2 compounds that react together to form two new compounds.– Two compounds react, with elements switching
places between the original compounds.
AB + CD AD + CB
See page 262
Types: Double displacement
Example: MgO + CaS
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SOMg Ca+
O S
Mg Ca+
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
– When potassium chromate and silver nitrate react, they form a red precipitate, silver chromate, in a solution of potassium nitrate.
– K2CrO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3 silver chromate
Two solutions react to form a precipitate (solid) and another solution.
Ionic solution + ionic solution ionic solution + ionic solid. AB + CD AD + CB
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Combustion reactions occur when a compound or element react with oxygen to release energy and produce an oxide.– Also sometimes referred to as hydrocarbon
combustion.
CXHY + O2 CO2 + H2O where X and Y represent integers
See page 264
METHANOL + oxygen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98JuJ-G1qXY&feature=related
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
1. Natural gas (methane) is burned in furnaces to heat homes.
»CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O + energy
2. An acetylene torch is used to weld metals together.
»2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O + energy
3. Carbohydrates like glucose combine with oxygen in our body to release energy.
»C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy See page 264
Acetylene torch
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See page 265
Take the Section 6.1 Quiz
MOVIE TO REVIEW: http://www.bcscience.com/bc10/pgs/videos_013_chemical_reactions.html
Hold your horses for Neutralizations