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Breeds of Cattle
Identify breeds of cattle by characteristics.
Identify breeds of cattle by picture.
Recommend a breed of cattle to fit certain scenarios.
Objectives
Why do we need to be able to identify different breeds of cattle by characteristics?
Why is it important to identify different breeds of cattle by looking at them?
Why is it important to be able to recommend a breed of cattle for different scenarios?
Why
What are some different characteristics of cattle?
What are some identifying physical characteristics for different breeds of cattle?
What
Name the breed.
Name the breed.
Name the breed.
Name the breed.
Milking BreedsHolsteinJerseyBrown SwissMilking ShorthornAyrshireGuernsey
Breeds of Cattle
HolsteinOriginated in the
NetherlandsNorth Holland and
Friesland.Most common US
dairy breed.90% of US dairy
breedImported to US in
1850’sExcellent grazersTypical cow
HolsteinLargest dairy breed
90 lbs. at birth1500lbs at muturity
Black and white or red and white
Docile cowsAggressive bulls, high
libido.Outstanding milk
production.17,408 lbs. milk/year
Lower butterfat content632 lbs. butterfat (3.63%)
JerseyOrigin- British Isle of
JerseyBrought to US in 1850’sMouse brown
Dark muzzle and switchMay have broken pattern
(spots)Small framedHorned
Adaptable to wide range of climatesSouth Africa, Japan,
Denmark, US, New Zealand
JerseyExcellent for
intensive grazing programs
Produce more lbs. of milk per lbs. of body weight than any other breed.(16,000 lbs. from
900 lb. cow)Very high in
butterfat(4.6% fat)
Nervous temperament compared to other dairy breeds.
Very masculine bullsLeast docile
temperament of common breeds of cattle.
Brown SwissOrigin-Switzerland
From Braunvieh cattle imported in 1869 by Henry M. Clark of Belmont, Mass.
Brown Swiss name coined in US 1906
Very old breed.Brown Swiss Cattle
Breeders AssociationFormed in 1880
Brown SwissLight to dark shades
of brown. Dark nose, eye
pigment, hoovesHornedLarge furry earsLong gestationStructurally correctVery docile (almost
lestargic)Average butterfat (4%)
Milking ShorthornOrigin-NE England,
Valley of Tees RiverImported to US in
1783Not declared a dairy
breed until 1969Red, roan, whiteSmall framedEasy calvingVery versatileLowe butterfat (3.8%)
AyrshireOrigin-County of
Ayr,ScotlandUS in 1822Moderate butterfat
(3.9%)Dark, Magogany red
and white.Horned
Used to be very long (>1ft) and distinctive
Now dehorned as calves
AyrshireMedium framedHigh quality uddersEfficient grazersStructurally correct
1929, 2 cows were walked from Vermont to St. Louis for National Dairy Show
Later calved and had outstanding milk production.
GuernseyOrigin-Isle of
Guernsey, English Channel
Believed to have developed from French cattleBrought to island by
monks in 960 ADBecame a breed
around 1700Brought to US in
1840
GuernseyFrom light yellow to
red or brownWhite on belly, legs,
and tail switch.High butterfat content
(4.7%)Close to Jerseys
Yellow milk fatHigh concentration of
beta caroteneCheese colorGolden Guernsey
Lower calving interval
Younger at first calfGentle dispositionExcellent grazers
Breeds of CattleMeat Breeds
AngusRed AngusHerefordPolled HerefordLimousinBrangusShorthornCharolaisBelted GallowayBeefmaster
ChianinaSanta Gertrudis Texas LonghornBeefaloBelgian Blue
AngusOrigin- Aberdeen
county in ScotlandImported to Kansas
in 1873BlackPolled, small earsAdapt well to cold
weatherSmall framedGood mothers
AngusMost popular breed
of cattle in USOver 280,000
registered in 2009Known for high
quality carcassesHigh marblingCertified Angus BeefFatter carcasses
Red AngusOriginally part of Black
Angus breed.Removed from Angus
herd book in 1917.Red Angus Assoc. of
America started in 1954RAAA led other breed
Assoc.Artificial InseminationPerformance DataPromoted CrossbreedingCommercial Breeders
Red AngusProduced form
recessive gene in Angus.“English longhorns”
crossed with black.Same characteristics
as Black Angus.
Hereford (Horned)Origin-
Herefordshire, England in 1742
Came in US in 1817Henry Clay,
KentuckyGreatly improved
post Civil War cattleRed body, white face,
brisket, tail switch.Short down-turning
horns
Hereford (Horned)Medium framedDocile dispositionsHigh fertility, easy
calvingEarly maturingHardy, easily
adaptableLess milkThe Rare Breed 1966
Vindicator
Hereford (Polled)Developed from
horned herefordsWarren Gammon, Des
Moines, IA – 1901Began Polled Hereford
Club with 11.Registry combined
AHAPolled gene
Dominant mutationDocile fast growing Similar to Herefords
LimousinOrigin- South,
central FranceCave drawings over
20,000 years ago.Imported to US from
CanadaOne bull for showing
in 1968Bulls for permanent
res. in 1971Bob Haag, Topeka,
KS
LimousinOriginally horned
Now may be polled or horned
Originally golden-red in color.Now also black due
to upgrading with Angus
Light color around eyes and muzzle.
Medium to large framed
Heavy muscled, leanLow marblingFast, efficient
growersLow milk productionAggressive
dispositionDeveloped docility
EPD
Brangus5/8 Angus X 3/8 BrahmanCrossed in 1930s in LA,
MS, OK, and TX1949- Formed American
Brangus Breeders Association (now International)
Combination of heat tolerance and carcass characteristics
Hybrid vigor-traits of offspring exceed that of either parent
BrangusBrangus claves were
heavier, healthier.Solid blackPolledHump, large earsGood mothersMeat still tough
Need less than ¼ Brahman
ShorthornOrigin-Northeastern
coast of EnglandUS 1783Shorthorn Herd Bood-
1846First breed registry in
USFirst used to improve
LonghornShorthornWide-set eyesRed, Roan, or white
ShorthornOver 30 breeds of
cattle have shorthorn in %.Angus, Santa
Gertrudis, Milking Shorthorn
Small to moderate frame
Very docile disposition
Early maturingEasily adaptableGood mothers, hardyHigh marbling
Belted GallowayDeveloped from non-belted
GallowayImported to US by Harry
Prock 1950 to PennsylvaniaPolledSmall FramedHardy, undemanding,
adaptableGood naturedGood meat qualityEasy calving, good
mothers.Oreo cow/ Belties
CharolaisOrigin-FranceWhite cattle in
region since 878 ADNamed for the
Charolles region of France
First brought to Mexico after WWI-1930
Imported to US from MexicoKing Ranch, TX
1936
CharloaisWhite, light straw, or
light cream.Red Allowed in
registry Pink nose and pale
hoovesHornedFast growingHeavy weaning and
yearling weightsMedium to large
framed
Older at pubertyHeavily muscled,
coarse bodied.Some calving
problemsLow milk production
BeefmasterDeveloped by Tom Lasaster,
TX 1930’sBrahman, Shorthorn, and
Hereford geneticsActual % not known
No emphasis on traits that do not affect carcassHorns, hair coatGenerally brownish-red;
not official color. Recognized purebred 19545th largest breed registry in
USGood mothers, fertile
Chianina (Kee-a-nee-na)Origin-West, central
ItalyDeveloped as draft
aniamlBefore Roman Empire
Discovered US soldiers WWII
Semen 1st imported 1971 CA
Bulls imported from Canada 1973
ChianinaWhite to steel hair
coatCan register any
colorShort hair
Santa Gertrudis
Texas Longhorn
Beefalo
Belgian Blue