IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS

Jamonline / 2(2); 2012 / 191–195 Rambabu K et al

All rights reserved© 2011 www.jamonline.in 191

Research Article

Journal of Atoms and Molecules An International Online JournalAn International Online JournalAn International Online JournalAn International Online Journal ISSN ISSN ISSN ISSN –––– 2277 2277 2277 2277 –––– 1247124712471247

IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS MED ICINAL PLANTS

Rambabu Kuchi*, Satyasri Mudunuri, Narmada.S.K.Pulagam, Sairam Kapisetty, Chinimilli Sriramya, D.Kurma Rao, Chilaka.Kishore, K.V.V.N.Prasad, Sudhakar.M, P.Somanna Babu.

Department of Analytical Chemistry, D.N.R COLLEGE, Bhimavaram, A.P, India.534202

Received on: 16-03-2012 Revised on: 10-04-2012 Accepted on: 17–04–2012

Abstract:

Phenolic compounds make up one of the major families of secondary metabolites in plants and they

represent a diverse group of compounds. Phenolics can be broadly divided into non-soluble

compounds such as condensed tannins, lignins, and cell-wall bound hydroxycinammic acids, and

soluble phenolics such as phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids flavonoids and quinones. In this article,

a method for extracting and analysing the soluble fraction of these phenolics, in different plants

having the medicinal activity using spectrophotometer. The results show that the plants under the

study contain high amount of phenolic compound content and hence are may be having the

medicinal value. Out of all these plants Azadirecta indica has the maximum phenolic compounds in

high contents.

Key Words: Phenolic compounds, Extraction, medicinal plants.

Introduction:

Natural phenols, bioavailable phenols, plant

phenolics, low molecular weight phenols

orphenoloids are a class of natural organic

compounds. They are small molecules

containing one or more phenolic group. These

molecules are smaller in size than

polyphenols, containing less than 12 phenolic

groups. They can be classified as simple

phenols (monophenols), with only one

phenolic group, or di- (bi-), tri- and

* Corresponding author

Rambabu K,

Email: [email protected]

Jamonline / 2(2); 2012 / 191–

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oligophenols, with two, three or several

phenolic groups respectively. They can be

found in plants and have an antioxidant

activity. They are the most widely distributed

class of plant secondary metabo

several thousand different compounds have

been identified

Figure 1: Quercetin ( Natural Phenol)

Phenolic compounds are a large and diverse

group of molecules, which includes many

different families of aromatic secondary

metabolites in plants. These phenolics are the

most abundant secondary metabolites in

plants an d can be classified into non

compounds such as condensed tannins,

lignins, cell-wall bound hydroxycinammic

acids, and soluble compounds such as

phenolic acids phenylpropanoid

and quinones. All these groups are involved

in many processes in plants and animals. One

family, the flavonoids, is of particular interest

because of its multiple roles in plants and its

impact on human health (

Williams, 2000)

In plants, flavonoids play a role in flower and

seed pigmentation, in plant fertility and

–195

, with two, three or several

phenolic groups respectively. They can be

found in plants and have an antioxidant

activity. They are the most widely distributed

class of plant secondary metabolites and

several thousand different compounds have

Figure 1: Quercetin ( Natural Phenol)

Phenolic compounds are a large and diverse

group of molecules, which includes many

different families of aromatic secondary

These phenolics are the

most abundant secondary metabolites in

plants an d can be classified into non-soluble

compounds such as condensed tannins,

wall bound hydroxycinammic

acids, and soluble compounds such as

phenolic acids phenylpropanoids, flavonoids

and quinones. All these groups are involved

in many processes in plants and animals. One

family, the flavonoids, is of particular interest

because of its multiple roles in plants and its

impact on human health (Harborne and

In plants, flavonoids play a role in flower and

seed pigmentation, in plant fertility and

reproduction, and in various defence reactions

to protect against abiotic stresses like UV

light or biotic stresses such as predator and

pathogen attacks (Weisshaar a

1998; Winkel-Shirley, 2001; Forkmann and

Martens, 2001). Evidence also sugg ests their

involvement in plan t growth and

development since they have been shown to

regulate polar auxin transport (

2000; Brown et al 2001

In this article, we describe the isolation of

phenolic compounds from the leaves of ten

different plants that are having the medicinal

values. The plants having the medicinal

properties may be due to the presence of these

phenolic compounds in high amount and

hence are used in Indian Ayurveda.

Material and Methods:

Collection of Plant Materials:

The plants used for the estimation of phenolic

compound are cinnamomum tamla

coerulea, Azadirachta indica,

oideae, Tectona grandis,

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Carica papay.

plant materials were collected from botanical

garden, D.N.R College, Bhimavaram, AP,

India. The plants were conformed in the

Botany Department

was submitted in the herbarium.

Chemicals:

All of the chemicals used in the work were

purchased from MERCK Chemicals PVT

Rambabu K et al

www.jamonline.in 192

reproduction, and in various defence reactions

to protect against abiotic stresses like UV

light or biotic stresses such as predator and

Weisshaar and Jenkins,

Shirley, 2001; Forkmann and

). Evidence also sugg ests their

involvement in plan t growth and

development since they have been shown to

regulate polar auxin transport (Murphy et al.,

2000; Brown et al 2001).

ticle, we describe the isolation of

phenolic compounds from the leaves of ten

different plants that are having the medicinal

values. The plants having the medicinal

properties may be due to the presence of these

phenolic compounds in high amount and

are used in Indian Ayurveda.

Material and Methods:

Collection of Plant Materials:

The plants used for the estimation of phenolic

cinnamomum tamla, Vanda

Azadirachta indica, Caesalpini

Tectona grandis, Bambuseae tribe,

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Carica papay. All the

plant materials were collected from botanical

garden, D.N.R College, Bhimavaram, AP,

India. The plants were conformed in the

and a specimen sample

was submitted in the herbarium.

All of the chemicals used in the work were

purchased from MERCK Chemicals PVT



LTD; Mumbai. The chemicals were A R

grade.

Double beam UV- visible Spectrophotometer

(TECH COMP UV-2301) is used for the

measurement of the absorbance’s of the

extracted samples.

Preparation of Extract:

Plant materials were collected and are air

dried under shade and away from the direct

sun light. The dried material was crushed to

make a fine powder. The powdered sample

was weighed. 10grams of the weighed sample

was taken and is extracted with 100ml of the

Methanol by using Saxlet extractor. The

extract was used for the estimation of

phenolic compound content in the plant. The

absorbance of the extract was measured at

254nm by using spectrophotometer. Results

were compared with the standard graph.

Preparation of Calibration curve:

Phenol was used for the preparation of

calibration curve for the estimation of total

phenolic compounds in the plants. Selected

amount of standard phenol was diluted to get

a concentration range of 5ppm to 30ppm. The

absorbance of each concentration was

measured and plat a calibration curve.

Calibration curve

Results and Discussions:

Total phenolic compound content were

estimated by using the formula Y=0.026x-

0.0071. The results were tabulated in table 1.



S.NO

NAME OF THE

PLANT

Conc. of

phenolic compound

ppm/200mg of the sample

1 Azadirachta indica 163.6

2 Bambuseae tribe 10.9

3 Caesal panioideae 27.3

4 Carica papaya 233

5 Elaeocarpus ganitrus 24.6

6 Malabathrum 41.18

7 Tectona grandis 44.6

8 Vanda 32.08

Table 1

From the above results, the maximum

concentration of phenolic compound is found

in Carica papaya and minimum concentration

of phenolic compoundfound in Bambuseae

tribe.

Conclusion:

Finally we conclude that the plants under

research get the identification of phenolic

compounds. All the plants contain high

amount of total phenolic compound content.

Various studies shown that phenolic

compound has antioxidant (Zheng W 2001,

Aneta Wojdyło 2007) and antimicrobial

properties (Pereira AP 2007). Hence these

plants has various medicinal uses for humans

against pathogens.

Referrences:

1 Harborne JB and Williams CA. (2000)

Advances in flavonoid research since

1992 Phytochemistry 55, 481-504.

2 Weisshaar B, and Jenkins G. (1998)

Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and its

regulation Current Opinion Plant

Biology, 251-257.

3 Winkel-Shirley B. (2001Flavonoid

Biosynthesis. A Colorful Model for

Genetics Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and

Biotechnology Plant Physiology 126,

485-493.

4 Forkmann G and Martens S. (2001)

Metabolic engineering and applications

of flavonoids Current Opinion in

Biotechnology 12, 155-160.



5 Murphy A, Peer WA, and Taiz L. (2000)

Regulation of auxin transport by

aminopeptidases and endogenous

flavonoids Planta, 211, 315-324

6 Brown DE, Rashotte AM, Murphy AS,

Normanly J, Tague BW, Peer WA, Taiz

L, and Muday GK. (2001) Flavonoids act

as negative regulators of auxin transport

in vivo in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology

126, 524-535.

7 Zheng W, Wang SY.Antioxidant activity

and phenolic compounds in selected

herbs, J Agric Food Chem. 2001

Nov;49(11):5165-70.

8 Aneta Wojdyło, Jan Oszmianski, Renata

Czemerys, Antioxidant activity and

phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs,

Food Chemistry 105 (2007) 940–949.

9 Pereira AP, Estevinho L, Bento

A, Pereira JA, Phenolic compounds and

antimicrobial activity of olive (Olea

europaea L. Cv. Cobrançosa) leaves,

Molecules. 2007 May 26; 12(5): 153-62.

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IDENTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS