Identification and Control of - FLEPPC · 2016. 4. 11. · Non-native invasive plants are also commonly called exotic plants, invasive exotic plants, noxious weeds, and more. Note:

Identification and

Control of

Non-Native InvasivePlants

in

East Central Florida

For Homeowners & Professionals

Notes

IntroductionThis guide is intended to assist Brevard Countyresidents, employees, and professionals to identifyand control non-native invasive plant species found inupland sites.

What is a non-native plant?

A native plant is a species that was here whenEuropeans began to explore and settle the NewWorld. Non-native plants are those species that havebeen brought here from other parts of the world sincethat time.

What is an invasive plant?

An invasive plant is a species that will invade anundisturbed natural area and displace native species.Invasive plants are often more aggressive in disturbedareas, like roadsides.

Non-native invasive plants are also commonly calledexotic plants, invasive exotic plants, noxious weeds,and more.

Note: This guide includes only the plants from otherparts of the world that are most invasive in BrevardCounty’s natural areas, displacing native species anddegrading the environment for native plants andwildlife.

About the descriptions:

The header of the plant description pages has theEnglish name(s), the scientific name in italics, and inparentheses the scientific name of the family.

Photographs of the plants are on the page oppositethe plant descriptions. If the captions refer to morethan one object, they will refer to the objects from leftto right.

The coins in the photographs are always quarters.The diameter of a quarter is 15/16”, roughly an inch.

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Credits

Funding of this brochure has been made possible byan award from the National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration’s Coastal Impact AssistanceProgram.

Created By: Brevard County Natural ResourcesManagement Office (BCNRMO)

Primary Author & Photographer: James Tear

Contributors: Kari Ruder, Suzanne Kennedy, SusanGosselin, Chris Koeppel, Gayle Hoffman - BCNRMO.Karen Weichman and Carol Hebert - ConradinaChapter, Florida Native Plant Society. Graphic design- Trese Printing and James Tear.

Editing: Kari Ruder, Deb Coles, Susan Gosselin,Chris Koeppel, Raleigh Berry - BCNRMO

References

Brevard County Environmentally Endangered LandsProgram. 2004. Exotic Plant Herbicide Protocol.Unpublished.

Higgins, Angela. 2005. The power of partnerships -

island style. Wildland Weeds, p. 11-14, Spring.

Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998.Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants inFlorida’s Natural Areas. University of Florida,Gainesville.

Langeland, K.A. and R.K. Stocker. 2000. Control ofNon-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida. SP242. University of Florida, Gainesville.

Tu, M., Hurd, C., and J. M. Randall. 2001. WeedControl Methods Handbook. The Nature

Conservancy. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu.

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Purpose

� Increase awareness of the adverse effectsof non-native invasive plants on Brevard’sbiodiversity and ecosystems

� Provide a tool for residents and landmanagers to use to identify and effectivelycontrol non-native invasive plants

� Encourage public participation in theremoval of non-native invasive plants

� Reduce the habitat losses from non-nativeinvasive plant infestations

� Reduce the impacts on endangeredspecies via habitat loss and alteration

� Demonstrate the need to prevent habitatlosses through pest-plant management

� Highlight the socio-economic and adversehealth impacts of these plants (e.g.,increased wildfires in Melaleuca areas)

� Provide information that helps managersset priorities for control programs

This field guide is also available onBrevard County’s website:

http://www.brevardcounty.us/natres/publications.cfm

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About Toxicity and Allergies

Many plants contained within this guide producetoxins and result in allergic conditions when handled,cut, burned, or harvested. Gloves and PersonalProtective Gear (e.g., long-sleeve shirts, glasses,hats) are strongly recommended when handling anyplant material, especially of unknown origin. Cases ofpeople being sensitized, or having an increasingallergic response to particular plants, and theircomponents (leaves, bark, odor, toxins, sap) havebeen documented.

Helpful Links

Additional and more detailed information can be foundon the following websites or by contacting theorganizations directly.

Florida Department of Agriculture and ConsumerServices -http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/botany/noxweed.html

Florida Department of Environmental ProtectionBureau of Invasive Plant Management -http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/

Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council - www.fleppc.org

Invasive and Exotic Species -http://www.invasives.org

National Wildlife Federation -http://enature.com/native_invasive/

The Nature Conservancy -http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/

University of Florida IFAS, Center For Aquatic andInvasive Plants - http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/

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Contents

Page ...................................... Title

1 ......................................... Introduction

2 ......................................... Credits & References

3 ......................................... Purpose

4 ......................................... About Toxicity & Links

5 ......................................... Contents

6-7 ........................................ Plant List

7 ......................................... Glossary of Terms

8-57 ...................................... Species Accounts

58 ......................................... Plants to Watch For

59-61 .................................... Control Methods

62-65 .................................... Plant Replacements

Please notePlease notePlease notePlease notePlease note::::: This guide does not include non-native invasive aquatic plants. For informationon invasive aquatic plants, please visit:

Plant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida Waters

http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/ or

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/2ndlevpgs/Aquaticplnts.htm

Guide printed July 2006

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Plant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List

8 8 8 8 8 Air Potato (& Winged Yam)

10 10 10 10 10 Australian-Pine

12 12 12 12 12 Beach Naupaka

14 14 14 14 14 Brazilian Pepper

16 16 16 16 16 Camphortree

18 18 18 18 18 Carrotwood

20 20 20 20 20 Castorbean

22 22 22 22 22 Chinaberry

24 24 24 24 24 Chinese Tallowtree

26 26 26 26 26 Cogon Grass

38 38 38 38 38 Coral Ardisia

30 30 30 30 30 Creeping Oxeye

32 32 32 32 32 Downy Rosemyrtle

34 34 34 34 34 Japanese Climbing Fern

36 36 36 36 36 Kudzu

38 38 38 38 38 Leadtree

40 40 40 40 40 Melaleuca

42 42 42 42 42 Mexican Petunia

4444444444 Old World Climbing Fern

4646464646 Rosary Pea

4848484848 Schefflera

5050505050 Simpleleaf Chastetree

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This is a caption for the above photo.

Plant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List

52 52 52 52 52 Surinam Cherry

54 54 54 54 54 Tropical Soda Apple

56 56 56 56 56 Woman’s Tongue

compoundcompoundcompoundcompoundcompound - multiple leaflets on one leaf, such as ahickory or bean

twice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compound - leaflets on a compound leafdivided into more leaflets

alternatealternatealternatealternatealternate - one leaf per node

oppositeoppositeoppositeoppositeopposite - two leaves per node

Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:

carpelcarpelcarpelcarpelcarpel - The ovule-bearing (seed-bearing) unit ofthe flower

stamensstamensstamensstamensstamens - male organ of the flower, consisting of ananther and filament

stigmastigmastigmastigmastigma - The upper part of the carpel that isreceptive to pollen

stylesstylesstylesstylesstyles - The more or less elongated part of thecarpel between the ovary and stigma

Glossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of Terms

Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:

simplesimplesimplesimplesimple - a single leaf, such as a maple

77777

Air PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir Potato

Dioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae)

Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth form

LeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeaves

FlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowers

FloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseasonseasonseasonseasonseason

FruitsFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits

Aerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubers

HabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitat

ThreatThreatThreatThreatThreat

OriginOriginOriginOriginOrigin

Distributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed by

ToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicity

AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies

Twining vine without tendrils

Large heart-shaped leaves may bemore than 8" long; simple, alternate

Rarely flowers in Florida; greenishyellow flowers in hanging clusters

May - September

Rare in Florida

Light brown, up to 6” across; growalong the vines near the leaf stalks;resemble potatoes with many smallbumps; found on the ground underthe vines year round

Hardwood forests, pinelands,wetlands, disturbed sites,residential areas (where they areoften confused with Kudzu vines)

Grows rapidly, smothers trees, andinvades disturbed sites, pinelandsand hammocks

Tropical Asia

Aerial tubers are carried longdistances in flowing water

Aerial and underground tubers maybe poisonous when raw

No information found

88888

Aerial tuber

Vines twining around each other

Simple leaves

Air PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir Potato

Winged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged Yam Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata (Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)

Winged Yam is very similar to Air Potato but haslarger, more frequent underground tubers, longerand less round shaped aerial tubers, and oppositeleaves. The cross section of its stem has purpletinged “wings.” Fruit is a 3-parted capsule and theseeds are also winged. Winged Yam is currentlynot as common in Brevard County as Air Potato, butis still an invasive plant where it does occur.

99999

Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine (three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)

Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)












Tree up to 150 feet tall; resembles apine but is not closely related

Scale like, almost microscopicaround the joints of the “needles”;“needles” are actually branches 4-8”long; “needles” pull apart at the joints

Inconspicuous

One species, fall, winter; other twospecies, spring

Resemble small, woody pine cones,about 1/2” across. Numerous smallseeds in spring

Dunes, beaches, pinelands, dis-turbed sites; planted as windbreaks

Highly invasive in many disturbedand natural habitats; grows 5-10 feetper year; forms thick stands thatcrowd out native species; displacesnative vegetation on dunes leadingto significant dune erosion duringstorms; disrupts sea turtle nesting

Tropical Asia, Indonesia, Australia

Wind, birds, water, spreading roots


Large quantities of pollen may causerespiratory problems

1010101010

“”Needles” & “cones”

closeup of cones

The ground is barren under this standof Australian-Pines

Australian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-Pine

Several Australian-Pines

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Shrub to 16 feet forming roundedmounds

Simple, alternate, close together,thick, somewhat succulent, widernear tips, 8” long, edges rolledunder, hairy near stem

White w/lavender stripes, 5 petals allin the lower half, fanlike

All year

White to yellowish white, roundish,1/2” across, fleshy

Many coastal habitats includingdunes

Displaces coastal plants includingsome rare species

Indian & Pacific Ocean region

Water, birds, ghost crabs, raccoons



Scaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccadaScaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae) (Goodeniaceae)

Beach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-Flower

1212121212

Beach Naupaka growing overa sand dune at the beach

Fruits

Beach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-FlowerBeach Naupaka, Half-Flower

Ends of severalbranches

1313131313

Brazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian Pepper

Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)(Anacardiaceae)


TrunkTrunkTrunkTrunkTrunk











Tree or tall shrub with denseevergreen foliage to 40 feet tall

Branches profusely 1-2 feet abovethe ground

Shiny, alternate, compound with 7-9elliptical leaflets; leaflet edges may ormay not have teeth; leaflets are 1-2”long and smell of turpentine whencrushed; leaves have a reddish midrib

Small, inconspicuous with cream-colored petals

Spring, summer

Female plants have numerous small,round green berries that becomeglossy red in bunches near the endsof branches (especially conspicuousin December), 3/16” diameter

Invades all types of natural areas anddisturbed areas especially moist sites

Forms dense stands excluding allother species including desirablenatives

Tropical America

Birds, small mammals, people,and water

Fruit and sap poisonous

Exposure to sap, pollen or berriesmay cause a rash

A small (8 feet) Brazilian Pepper along a fence

Compound leafwith 7 leaflets

Mature fruits

Brazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian PepperBrazilian Pepper

1515151515

CamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortree

Cinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphoraCinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae) (Lauraceae)


TwigsTwigsTwigsTwigsTwigs











Tree to 65 feet

Green or reddish green

Evergreen, shiny green on uppersurface, simple, alternate, up to 4”long and 2” wide; smell like camphorwhen crushed

Small greenish-white to cream inclusters, 6 petals

Spring

Similar to small black cherries,1-seeded

Dry disturbed and undisturbed areas,disturbed hammocks, and edgesof wetlands

Invading forests and displacingnative trees

Asia

Birds

Toxic in larger quantities to people& wildlife

Pollen may cause allergic reactionif enough trees grow in an area

1616161616

Camphortree

Young leaf & old leaf

Flowers

Fruit

CamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortreeCamphortree

1717171717

CarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwood

Cupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioidesCupaniopsis anacardioides (Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)(Sapindaceae)


BarkBarkBarkBarkBark











Tree to 35 feet or a shrub

Dark gray outer bark, orange innerbark

Evergreen, alternate, compound10-12” long, usually has an evennumber of leaflets (4-12) up to 8”long, leathery and shiny yellowishgreen, midrib is lighter

Numerous inconspicuous, white togreenish yellow, up to 1/2” wide,5 petals, clusters up to 14” long

Midwinter, spring, summer

Woody up to 1” across, 3 ridges,yellow-orange to brown; splits openexposing 3 shiny oval red seedsmaturing to black

Disturbed and undisturbed, wet anddry, spoil islands in the Indian River

Shades out native plants, especiallyin low moist areas; a serious pest tomangroves

Australia

Birds and self seeding



1818181818

Branches with fruits

Compound leaf with 10 leaflets

Fruit cluster

Three fruits

Open fruit revealing 2 seeds.One seed has fallen.

CarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwoodCarrotwood

1919191919

CastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbean

Ricinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communisRicinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae) (Euphorbiaceae)


StemsStemsStemsStemsStems











Small tree or shrub to 30 feet

Hollow, reddish

Simple, alternate to 12” across with8 large pointed lobes

Female flowers are small, delicatewith long slender scarlet stylesgrowing from a prickly green pod

Summer - fall

Prickly green pod turning brown, 3 flatseeds in each pod

Disturbed areas

Large colonies crowd out other plants

Tropical Africa

Exploding ripe seedpods

The entire plant is toxic

Produces large amounts of airbornepollen than may cause severeallergic reaction

2020202020

CastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbeanCastorbean

Simple leafwith large

pointed lobes

Female flowers and immature fruits

Mature fruits

2121212121












Deciduous tree to 50 feet

Alternate, 2-3 times compound, 1.5feet long, leaflets pungent whencrushed, leaflets appear lacy

Small, fragrant, 5 slender lavenderpetals w/dark purple central tube; inlarge clusters

March - May

Yellow, round, thinly fleshy, singleseed, ripen in late summer

Disturbed sites plus wet and drynatural areas

Forms thickets shading out nativeplants

Asia

Birds, seed drop & root suckers

All plant parts potentially toxic.Contains a neurotoxin whichcauses seizures and shock

None found

ChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberry

Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)(Meliaceae)

2222222222

ChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberryChinaberry

Flower cluster

Flower details

Fruits

with twice compoundleaflets

Compound leaf

2323232323

Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree

Sapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferumSapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae)))))












Imported byImported byImported byImported byImported by

Deciduous tree to 52 feet tall

Simple, alternate up to 2.5” wide;round bases, pointed tips

Small, yellow in spikes up to8” long; male flowers lack petals

Spring

Three lobes about 1/2” across,turn brown and split open revealing3 seeds with a white waxy coating(the popcorn) which later turn black;August to November

Wet and dry, disturbed and undis-turbed; landscaping

Can invade closed-canopy forests,from swampy areas to slightly salinewaters and from sun to shade;leaves produce chemicals that makethe soil uninhabitable to natives

China, Japan

Suckering, birds, & moving water

All plant parts potentially toxic

Sap and leaves may cause skinrash; pollen may cause allergicreaction

Benjamin Franklin in 1776 to makecandles and soap

2424242424

Chinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn TreeChinese Tallowtree, Popcorn Tree

Simple leaf

Flower cluster

Fruits in “popcorn” stage Mature seeds

Chinese Tallowtree

2525252525












CogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrass

Imperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindricaImperata cylindrica (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae) (Poaceae)

Perennial grass to 5 feet tall withextensive rhizomes

Midvein off-center; hairy at the base;edges are rough; lime-green, turningreddish-tan

White silky plumes up to 8” tall

Winter, spring, perhaps all year

Small slender tan seeds with longwhite hairs; resemble dandelion fruits

Dry to moist, disturbed andundisturbed areas

Fast growing; grows in thick matsthat crowd out native plants;produces chemicals that limit thegrowth of other plants

Southeast Asia, China, Japan

Wind, creeping rhizomes, and pigs



2626262626

CogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrassCogongrass

Leaf blade with theoff-centermidvein

Mature seed head waiting for agood breeze to disperse the seeds

Stand of Cogongrass with mature seedheads

2727272727












Small evergreen shrubs to 6 feettall, growing in clumps

Alternate to 8” long; dark greenwaxy above, lighter below;scalloped edges

White to pink in clusters hangingbelow the leaves

Spring

Red or white in clusters hangingbelow the leaves with a singleseed, 5/16” across

Moist hammocks

Crowds out and shades outnative species; reaches a densityover 9 plants per square foot

Japan, southern Asia




Coral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral Ardisia

Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)(Myrsinaceae)

2828282828

Coral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral ArdisiaCoral Ardisia

Leaf from above

Leaves from below; fruits hang beneath leaves

Leaves and fruits

2929292929

Creeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, Wedelia

Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata Sphagneticola trilobata (Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)(Asteraceae)













Mat-forming evergreen perennialherb

Hairy

Simple, opposite, 1.5-3.5” long withtwo side teeth

Yellow, similar to a daisy

All year

Small, dry with one seed

Moist, disturbed sites, landscaping

Forms thick mats that overwhelmnative herbs

West Indies, tropical America,Central America

Rhizomes, people


May cause a skin rash

3030303030

Creeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, WedeliaCreeping Oxeye, Wedelia

Flower head from above

Flower head from below

Leaf from above

Stem & oppositeleaves from below

3131313131

Downy RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny Rosemyrtle

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)













Shrub to 6 feet tall

Short soft hairs on young stems

Evergreen, opposite, simple upto 3” long, glossy green above,3 large veins

Rose-pink, up to 1” across, hairy,5 petals, 5 sepals, many stamens,1 long, erect female part

Spring

Dark purple, round, 1/2” across,resemble blueberries

Pinelands, flatwoods

Crowds out native species resultingin thickets with no other species;could become worse than Brazilianpepper

India, China, Philippines, Australia

Seed drop, birds and mammals



3232323232

Downy RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny RosemyrtleDowny Rosemyrtle

Branches and flowers

Opposite leavesfrom below and above

Flower

Flowers from above and below

Fruits

3333333333

Japanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing Fern

Lygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicumLygodium japonicum (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae)




SporesSporesSporesSporesSporesproducedproducedproducedproducedproduced








A true fern with a twining vine habitwith creeping rhizomes; very similarto Old World climbing fern

Compound, leaflets on the sterilefronds are larger and more dividedthan those of Old World climbingfern; appears lacy; stems near theleaflets are flattened

None, sori on the edges of the fertilefronds produce spores

All year

None, produces spores instead

Disturbed & undisturbed wet areasand pine flatwoods

Invades many natural habitats;thick mats smother trees, shrubsand entire forests

Eastern Asia

Wind, animals, clothes, andequipment


Somewhat allergenic

3434343434

Japanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing FernJapanese Climbing Fern

Leaflets from sterile frondfrom above

Leaflets from fertile frondviewed from above with sori

just below edges

3535353535












Compound with 3 leaflets each up to5” long; the end leaflet is symmetricalwith 2 side lobes; the side leaflets areasymmetrical with 1 side lobe each

Fragrant reddish-purple flowers withyellow centers; look like pea flowers;grow in clusters up to 7” tall; initiallypink but darken as flowers age

June - September

Tan clustered fruits with stiff goldenhairs; like large pea pods; up to 3”long and 1/2” wide

Disturbed areas; edges ofhammocks; along streams

Blankets trees, shrubs and theground cutting out all sunlight

Asia

Wind, birds, animals, and water



KudzuKudzuKudzuKudzuKudzu

Pueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montanaPueraria montana (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae)

Deciduous twining woody vine; diesback to the ground in the winter

3636363636

KudzuKudzuKudzuKudzuKudzu

Compound leaves

Compoundleaf with 3leaflets

Flower cluster

3737373737

Small tree to 30 feet tall

Distinct white dots on the bark; nothorns

Twice compound, numerous leaflets1/2” long

White to yellowish, round clusters likepuff balls

Spring-summer

Long flat reddish brown pods,several hanging together like fingers,about 5” long

Hammocks, coastal strand,disturbed areas

Invades poor soils, and reduces oreliminates the nesting opportunitiesprovided by native habitats

West Indies

Seed drop

All parts contain a substance that ishighly toxic to animals



TrunkTrunkTrunkTrunkTrunk











LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree

Leucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephalaLeucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae) (Fabaceae)

3838383838

LeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtreeLeadtree

Sapling showing twice compoundleaves

A withering flower clusterand a fresh flower cluster

Fruits

3939393939

Tree to 100 feet

Multilayered, spongy, papery,peeling; whitish

Simple, evergreen; look like willowleaves; up to 4” long and 3/4” wide;smell of camphor when crushed;often 5 conspicuous parallel veins

Fuzzy, white flowers grow in erectbottle brush spikes up to 6” long

All year

Small, round fruits; tightly clusteredaround the twigs; each fruit producesmany tiny brown seeds

Disturbed & undisturbed freshwatersites; landscaping

Aggressively invades wetlands,displacing native vegetation anddegrading wildlife habitat

Australia, Melanesia

Wind, fire and root sprouts

Sap may cause a skin rash

May cause allergic reaction

Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree

Melaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae) (Myrtaceae)


BarkBarkBarkBarkBark











4040404040

Melaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, PunktreeMelaleuca, Paperbark Tree, Punktree

Three treeswith shaggybark

Flower cluster

Simple leaves and fruitsclustered around twig

4141414141

Mexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell

Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana Ruellia tweediana (Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)(Acanthaceae)












Perennial herb (a non-woody plantthat lives more than 2 years), 4-6feet tall; stems purple in cultivars

Opposite; shaped like willowleaves; 4-6” long; purple incultivars, green in wild form

Blue in wild form; cultivatedvarieties may have white, pink, red,purple, or blue flowers; tubular withwidely flaring rim; prolific

Spring - fall, most of the year

Long, brown, crunchy pods

Wet, disturbed sites, landscaping,drainage ditches, shores of lakesand ponds, moist & wet woodedsites

Spreads very rapidly, difficult toeradicate, forms dense colonies inwet or marshy areas

Central Mexico, Central & SouthAmerica

Self seeding, vegetatively fromclippings and runners



4242424242

Mexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican BluebellMexican Petunia or Mexican Bluebell

Flower from the side

The plants have many flowers

Flowers from the front

Leaves: from above,from below

4343434343

Old World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing Fern

Lygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllumLygodium microphyllum (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae) (Schizaeaceae)




Spore seasonSpore seasonSpore seasonSpore seasonSpore season








A true fern that reproduces byspores, not flowers; twining vine thatgrows up trees and over shrubs

Compound; stems near the leafletsare round; fertile fronds have smallbumps along the lower edges of theleaflets; these are spore cases;infertile fronds lack spore cases

None, spore cases instead

All year

None; produces spores instead

Disturbed sites & wet areas

Invades wetlands, pine flatwoodsand disturbed sites; thick matssmother native plants, create fireladders up trees

Australia, tropical Asia

Wind, fire, equipment, and people



4444444444

Old World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing FernOld World Climbing Fern

Sterile frond leaflets from above

Fertile frond leaflets from below

Twining vinesclimbing pine tree

4545454545












Twining woody vine withouttendrils

Compound, 8-15 pairs of leafletsabout 1/2” long with spike at tip,alternate

White, creamy or purplish,1/4” long, similar to a sweet pea,in erect clusters 1-3” long

Summer

Pods in small clusters, greenturning brown & splitting alongone side; about 1 1/2” long;seeds, scarlet red & jet black,about 1/4” long

Disturbed sites, pinelands andhammocks

Can kill host plant as asmothering blanket

Southeast Asia

Birds

One of the most toxic seeds inthe world; chewing a half aseed might kill a human childor adult


Rosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary Pea

Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)

4646464646

Seeds:beautifulbutdeadly

Flower cluster

Open pods revealingcolorful seeds

Rosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary PeaRosary Pea

Vines growing up a pine

Compound leaves

Pods before they open

4747474747

Schefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella Tree

Schefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophyllaSchefflera actinophylla (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae) (Araliaceae)












Single- or multi-trunked tree to 40feet; no thorns on trunk or branches

Compound, 9-15 leaflets radiatingfrom one point; dark green, glossyleaflets about 1 foot long

Small, red flowers in clusters 2-3feet long

Summer-fall

Scarlet, turning dark purple,1/2” wide, round

Hardwood forests, disturbed sites,landscaping

Fast growing, invades disturbedareas and undisturbed hardwoodforests

Australia & New Guinea

Birds

Ingestion of any part may causevomiting, numbness and tingling ofthe mouth, lack of coordination

Sap may cause minor skin irritation

4848484848

Compound leaf

Flower clusters

Branches and leaves

Schefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella TreeSchefflera, Umbrella Tree

4949494949












Evergreen shrub to 12 feet

Opposite, compound with 3 leaflets,gray or white on lower surface,fragrant when crushed

Blue

Summer

Fleshy, brown

Disturbed sites, beaches

Forms large colonies

Asia


Skin irritant

Trimming may cause respiratoryirritation

Simpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf Chastetree

Vitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifoliaVitex trifolia (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae) (Lamiaceae)

5050505050

Simpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf ChastetreeSimpleleaf Chastetree

Flower cluster

Cluster of mature fruits

Compound leaves with 3 leaflets,from above & below

5151515151

Surinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam Cherry

Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)(Myrtaceae)












Small evergreen tree or shrub

Simple, opposite, 1-7” long,1/2 -1” wide

White, fragrant with 4 thin petalsthat wither quickly; nearly 1/2” long;many stamens

All year or late winter/early spring

Juicy berry with usually 8 deepgrooves and ridges, 1/2” long, 3/4”wide; red or very dark red whenripe; 1 or 2 seeds; edible but acidic

Disturbed hammocks; prefers fertile,moist soils and partial shade

Invades intact hammocks andthrives in deep shade

South America

Seed drop; birds and smallmammals

Fruit is edible, but ingestion of theseeds may cause diarrhea

Trimming the plant may causerespiratory irritation

5252525252

Surinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam CherrySurinam Cherry

Simple opposite leaves

Fruits: immature & mature (red)

5353535353

Tropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda Apple

Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum Solanum viarum (Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)(Solanaceae)











Bushy herbaceous perennial upto 6 feet tall with many pricklesand hairs

Deeply-lobed, alternate, simple,8” long, 6” wide with densecovering of soft hairs plus prickleson upper and lower surfaces

White petals are curved back,yellow centers

All year, primarily spring andsummer

Round, 1” wide, like golf balls,green with dark veins whenimmature like minaturewatermelons, yellow when ripe

Disturbed and natural sites

Invades pastures shading outgrasses; invades hardwoodhammocks crowding out nativeplants

South America, especially Paraguay,Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil

Cattle, raccoons, feral pigs, sodindustry, contaminated hay andgrass seeds

Ingestion of any part may causegastrointestinal problems

5454545454

Tropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda AppleTropical Soda Apple

Leaf from above with prickles

Flower

An immature fruit and a mature fruit

5555555555












Large, fast-growing tree; may loseits leaves during spring droughts

Twice compound, light green,oblong leaflets 1-2” long, stalk hasa gland near base

Cream-colored, fragrant, powderpuffs, 2” long

Spring - summer

Large flat bean pods which rattlein the wind giving this plant itscommon name

Disturbed & undisturbed sites

Out competes native plantsforming large colonies

Asia

Seeds and root suckers

Seeds are highly toxic


Woman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s Tongue

Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)(Fabaceae)

5656565656

Woman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s TongueWoman’s Tongue

Compound leaflet

Flower cluster

Part of acompound leaf

5757575757

Plants to Watch For

The plants listed in this guide are known to beinvasive and a problem in natural and evenresidential areas in east central Florida. There areother non-native plants not included in this guidethat are also invasive or potentially invasive in eastcentral Florida but at this time, are more localized,more easily controlled, or restricted to disturbedareas. These plants however, should bemonitored and/or removed when encountered.Some of these plants include:

Asian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword FernAsian Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis multiflora)Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia)Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern Asparagus Fern (Asparagus aethiopicus)Balsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam AppleBalsam Apple (Momordica charantia)Elephant EarElephant EarElephant EarElephant EarElephant Ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)Earpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod TreeEarpod Tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum syn.contortisiliquum)Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree Golden Raintree (Koelreuteria paniculata)Guinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea GrassGuinea Grass (Panicum maximum)Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)LantanaLantanaLantanaLantanaLantana (Lantana camara)Laurel FigLaurel FigLaurel FigLaurel FigLaurel Fig (Ficus microcarpa)Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass Natal Grass (Rhynchelytrum repens)Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant Oyster Plant (Tradescantia spathacea)Para GrassPara GrassPara GrassPara GrassPara Grass (Urochola mutica)Skunk VineSkunk VineSkunk VineSkunk VineSkunk Vine (Paederia foetida)TaroTaroTaroTaroTaro (Colocasia esculenta)

* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife* Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria): This plantis currently found in every state but Florida. Helpus keep it that way!

For the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s mostcurrent list of invasive exotic species,please visit:

http://www.fleppc.org/

and click on “List of Invasive Plants.”5858585858

Like many garden weeds, the small seedlings ofinvasive plants can be hand pulled or dug up, butlike many weeds, parts of their roots may break off inthe ground, left to resprout. The effective control ofinvasive plants often requires a combination oftreatments as well as regular monitoring andretreatment.

In most cases, herbicides must be used to kill theunwanted plant. The following table providesproducts that contain herbicides known to beeffective in controlling invasive plants. This list is notall inclusive, but based on available information andlocal experience. Other products and herbicides areavailable and may provide effective control.

Note: Follow directions on the herbicideproduct label and use appropriate safety

protection. The label is law!

For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:For more information on herbicide use, visit:http://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://www.fleppc.org/Misc/HerbicideAdvice.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WG209

Roundup®: The active ingredient in Roundup® is glyphosate.

Various versions of Roundup® are available, so look for the

concentration you need. You can dilute Roundup® with water

to achieve a lower concentration. Glyphosate is non-selective

so be careful to avoid overspray.

RoundUp®, Brush-B-Gone®, ENFORCER® Brush Killer,

Pathfinder II® , and Vine-X® are available to non-licensed

applicatiors (homeowners) and may not need dilution.

Table Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation KeyTable Abbreviation Key

HP = Hand Pull HPS = Hand Pull SeedlingBK = Brush Killer® BBG = Brush-B-Gone®

G-3A = Garlon®-3A G-4 = Garlon®-4PF II = Pathfinder II® VX = Vine-X®

Invasive Plant Removal and Control

5959595959

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

leP

lan

t C

on

tro

l a

nd

He

rbic

ide

Use

Ta

ble

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

leP

lan

t C

on

tro

l a

nd

He

rbic

ide

Use

Ta

ble

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

le

Invasive Plant

Air

Pot

ato

Aus

tral

ian-

Pin

e

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Bra

zilia

n P

eppe

r

Ca

mp

ho

rtre

e

Ca

rro

two

od

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ch

ina

be

rry

Ch

ine

se T

allo

wtr

ee

Clim

bing

Fer

n (b

oth)

Co

go

ng

rass

Cre

ep

ing

Oxe

ye

Treatments

HP

S,

disc

ard

tube

rs

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP,

her

bici

de

mo

w &

he

rbic

ide

HP,

her

bici

de

Foliar

Rou

ndup

, G

-4 2

%

G-3

A 1

%,

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

N/A

Ars

enal

2%

, P

late

au,

PF

II

G-4

10%

, B

BG

, B

K

N/A

G-3

A 1

%,

Ars

enal

1%

Rou

ndup

2%

G-3

A 1

%

G-3

A 1

%,

Ars

enal

1%

Rod

eo o

r R

ound

up 2

%,

VX

, P

FI I

Ars

enal

1%

+ R

odeo

1%

G-4

2%

, R

ound

up 2

%

Cut Stump

G-4

5-1

0%,

PF

II

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

Gar

lon-

3A 5

0%

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I, B

BG

Ars

enal

10-

50%

, B

K,

VX

N/A

G-3

A 5

0%,

BB

G,

PF

II

Rou

ndup

25%

G-3

A 5

0%

G-3

A 5

0%,

Ars

enal

10%

Sam

e as

fol

iar

N/A

Basal Bark

G4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

30%

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

15%

, P

F I

I

N

/A

N

/A

N

/A

Notes

Cut

ste

m a

t ba

se,

colle

ct b

ulbi

ls

Bas

al f

or s

mal

l tr

ees

Mo

w,

let

gro

w,

spra

y

Ne

w s

pro

uts

lik

ely

Nee

ds r

etre

atm

ent

6060606060

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

le,

con

tin

ue

dP

lan

t C

on

tro

l a

nd

He

rbic

ide

Use

Ta

ble

, co

nti

nu

ed

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

le,

con

tin

ue

dP

lan

t C

on

tro

l a

nd

He

rbic

ide

Use

Ta

ble

, co

nti

nu

ed

Pla

nt

Co

ntr

ol

an

d H

erb

icid

e U

se T

ab

le,

con

tin

ue

d

Invasive Plant

Do

wn

y R

ose

myr

tle

Ku

dzu

Lead

tree

Me

lale

uca

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Ro

sary

Pe

a

Sch

eff le

ra

Sim

plel

eaf

Cha

stet

ree

Su

rin

am

Ch

err

y

Tro

pica

l S

oda

App

le

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Treatments

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e,

graz

ing,

bur

ning

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

cut /

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP,

her

bici

de

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

Her

bici

de

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

HP

S,

herb

icid

e

Foliar

G-4

, P

F I

I

Tord

on 1

01 o

r K

Vet

eran

720

N/A

Ars

enal

1.5

% +

Rod

eo 8

%,

Ars

enal

15%

, G

-4 1

5%

BB

G,

Bk,

Ro

un

du

p

G-4

1%

G-3

A 1

%,

N/A

N/A

Rou

ndup

3%

, G

-3A

1%

,

Ars

en

al

0.5

%

Basal Bark

G-4

10-

20%

, P

F I

I

N/A

G-4

30%

N/A

N/A

N/A

G-4

10-

20%

Gra

zon

DS

10%

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10%

, P

F I

I

G-4

10-

30%

Cut Stump

N/A

Tord

on 1

01 o

r K

G-4

40%

Ars

enal

10-

50%

, G

-4

15%

, R

odeo

25%

Ro

un

du

p

G-4

5%

G-3

A 5

0%,

G-4

10%

G-4

10%

, G

-3A

50%

G-3

A 5

0%,

G-4

10-

30%

Notes

Ref

er t

o pr

oduc

t la

bels

Ref

er t

o pr

oduc

t la

bel,

need

s re

trea

tmen

t

Ne

w s

pro

uts

lik

ely

Cut

stu

mp

for

big

plan

ts

Han

d pu

ll +

her

bici

de

Cut

vin

e at

bas

e

Larg

e tr

ees

diffi

cult

Lit t l

e in

fo.

avai

labl

e

Dis

pose

of

f rui

t , w

atch

for

thor

ns

6161616161

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Air

Po

tato

Air

Po

tato

Air

Po

tato

Air

Po

tato

Air

Po

tato

Au

str

ali

an

-Pin

eA

us

tra

lia

n-P

ine

Au

str

ali

an

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eA

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tra

lia

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ine

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str

ali

an

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e

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Be

ach

Na

up

aka

Bra

zil ia

n P

ep

pe

rB

razi

l ian

Pe

pp

er

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pe

rB

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er

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r(t

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e)

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Ca

rro

two

od

Ca

rro

two

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Ca

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two

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Ca

rro

two

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Ca

rro

two

od

Na

tiv

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Mo

ist

Na

tiv

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Mo

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Mo

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Mo

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Mo

on

flo

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Bu

tto

nw

oo

dB

utt

on

wo

od

Bu

tto

nw

oo

dB

utt

on

wo

od

( Con

ocar

pus

erec

tus )

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

( Lon

icer

a se

mpe

rvir

ens)

Re

d C

ed

ar

Re

d C

ed

ar

Re

d C

ed

ar

Re

d C

ed

ar

Re

d C

ed

ar

( Jun

iper

us v

irgi

nian

a)S

ea

Gra

pe

Se

a G

rap

eS

ea

Gra

pe

Se

a G

rap

eS

ea

Gra

pe

( Coc

colo

ba u

vife

ra)

Va

rnis

hle

af

Va

rnis

hle

af

Va

rnis

hle

af

Va

rnis

hle

af

Va

rnis

hle

af

( Dod

onae

a vi

scos

a)F

ire

bu

sh

Fir

eb

us

hF

ire

bu

sh

Fir

eb

us

hF

ire

bu

sh

(Ham

elia

pat

ens)

Si lk

Ba

yS

i lk B

ay

Si lk

Ba

yS

i lk B

ay

Si lk

Ba

y(P

erse

a bo

rbon

ia v

ar .

hum

il is)

Se

a G

rap

eS

ea

Gra

pe

Se

a G

rap

eS

ea

Gra

pe

Se

a G

rap

e( C

occo

loba

uvi

fera

)

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Vir

gin

ia

Cre

ep

er

Vir

gin

ia

Cre

ep

er

Vir

gin

ia

Cre

ep

er

Vir

gin

ia

Cre

ep

er

Vir

gin

ia

Cre

ep

er

( Par

then

ocis

sus

quin

quef

olia

)S

lash

Pin

eS

lash

Pin

eS

lash

Pin

eS

lash

Pin

eS

lash

Pin

e(P

inu

s e

llio

ttii)

Co

co

-Plu

mC

oc

o-P

lum

Co

co

-Plu

mC

oc

o-P

lum

Co

co

-Plu

m(C

hry

sob

ala

nu

s ic

aco

)W

hit

e S

top

pe

rW

hit

e S

top

pe

rW

hit

e S

top

pe

rW

hit

e S

top

pe

rW

hit

e S

top

pe

r(E

ug

en

ia a

xil la

ris)

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

yR

ed

C

ho

ke

be

rry

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

yR

ed

C

ho

ke

be

rry

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

y(P

hotin

ia p

yrifo

l ia)

Red

Bay

Red

Bay

Red

Bay

Red

Bay

Red

Bay

(Pe

rse

a b

orb

on

ia)

Ca

rol i

na

La

ure

l C

he

rry

Ca

rol i

na

La

ure

l C

he

rry

Ca

rol i

na

La

ure

l C

he

rry

Ca

rol i

na

La

ure

l C

he

rry

Ca

rol i

na

La

ure

l C

he

rry

(Pru

nus

caro

l inia

na)

6262626262

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Inv

as

ive

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ca

sto

rbe

an

Ch

ina

be

r ry

Ch

ina

be

r ry

Ch

ina

be

r ry

Ch

ina

be

r ry

Ch

ina

be

r ry

Ch

ine

se

Ta

llo

wC

hin

es

e T

all

ow

Ch

ine

se

Ta

llo

wC

hin

es

e T

all

ow

Ch

ine

se

Ta

llo

wtr

ee

tre

etr

ee

tre

etr

ee

Cli

mb

ing

F

ern

sC

lim

bin

g

Fe

rns

Cli

mb

ing

F

ern

sC

lim

bin

g

Fe

rns

Cli

mb

ing

F

ern

s(b

oth

)(b

oth

)(b

oth

)(b

oth

)(b

oth

)C

og

on

gra

ss

Co

go

ng

ras

sC

og

on

gra

ss

Co

go

ng

ras

sC

og

on

gra

ss

Co

ral

Ard

isia

Co

ral

Ard

isia

Co

ral

Ard

isia

Co

ral

Ard

isia

Co

ral

Ard

isia

Cre

ep

ing

Ox

ey

eC

ree

pin

g O

xe

ye

Cre

ep

ing

Ox

ey

eC

ree

pin

g O

xe

ye

Cre

ep

ing

Ox

ey

e

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Eld

erb

er r

yE

lde

rbe

r ry

Eld

erb

er r

yE

lde

rbe

r ry

Eld

erb

er r

y( S

ambu

cus

nigr

a )R

ed

Ma

ple

Re

d M

ap

leR

ed

Ma

ple

Re

d M

ap

leR

ed

Ma

ple

( Ace

r ru

brum

)D

ah

oo

n H

olly

Da

ho

on

Ho

llyD

ah

oo

n H

olly

Da

ho

on

Ho

llyD

ah

oo

n H

olly

( Ile

x ca

ssin

e)

Cro

ss

vin

eC

ros

sv

ine

Cro

ss

vin

eC

ros

sv

ine

Cro

ss

vin

e( B

igno

nia

capr

eola

ta)

Mu

hly

Gra

ss

Mu

hly

Gra

ss

Mu

hly

Gra

ss

Mu

hly

Gra

ss

Mu

hly

Gra

ss

( Mu

hle

nb

erg

ia c

ap

il la

ris )

Wa

x M

yrtl

eW

ax

Myr

tle

Wa

x M

yrtl

eW

ax

Myr

tle

Wa

x M

yrtl

e( M

yric

a ce

rife

ra)

Le

mo

n B

ac

op

aL

em

on

Ba

co

pa

Le

mo

n B

ac

op

aL

em

on

Ba

co

pa

Le

mo

n B

ac

op

a(B

acop

a ca

rol in

iana

)

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

( Ruh

s co

palli

num

)S

oa

pb

er r

yS

oa

pb

er r

yS

oa

pb

er r

yS

oa

pb

er r

yS

oa

pb

er r

y( S

apin

dus

sapo

nari

a)Y

au

po

n H

olly

Ya

up

on

Ho

llyY

au

po

n H

olly

Ya

up

on

Ho

llyY

au

po

n H

olly

( Ile

x vo

mito

ria)

Pa

ss

ion

flo

we

rP

as

sio

nfl

ow

er

Pa

ss

ion

flo

we

rP

as

sio

nfl

ow

er

Pa

ss

ion

flo

we

r( P

assi

flora

inc

arna

ta)

Pu

rple

L

ov

eg

ras

sP

urp

le

Lo

ve

gra

ss

Pu

rple

L

ov

eg

ras

sP

urp

le

Lo

ve

gra

ss

Pu

rple

L

ov

eg

ras

s( E

rag

rost

is s

pe

cta

bi l i

s)W

hit

e I

nd

igo

Be

rry

Wh

ite

In

dig

o B

err

yW

hit

e I

nd

igo

Be

rry

Wh

ite

In

dig

o B

err

yW

hit

e I

nd

igo

Be

rry

( Ran

dia

acul

eata

)B

ea

ch

Su

nfl

ow

er

Be

ac

h S

un

flo

we

rB

ea

ch

Su

nfl

ow

er

Be

ac

h S

un

flo

we

rB

ea

ch

Su

nfl

ow

er

( Hel

iant

hus

debi

ls )

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

( Am

orph

a fr

uitic

osa)

Pe

rsim

mo

nP

ers

imm

on

Pe

rsim

mo

nP

ers

imm

on

Pe

rsim

mo

n(D

iosp

yros

vir

gini

ana)

Ea

st P

ala

tka

Ho

llyE

ast

Pa

latk

a H

olly

Ea

st P

ala

tka

Ho

llyE

ast

Pa

latk

a H

olly

Ea

st P

ala

tka

Ho

lly(I

lex

x at

tenu

ata)

Co

rky

-Ste

m

Pa

ss

ion

-vin

eC

ork

y-S

tem

P

as

sio

n-v

ine

Co

rky

-Ste

m

Pa

ss

ion

-vin

eC

ork

y-S

tem

P

as

sio

n-v

ine

Co

rky

-Ste

m

Pa

ss

ion

-vin

e( P

ass

iflo

ra s

ub

ero

sa)

Wir

eg

ras

sW

ire

gra

ss

Wir

eg

ras

sW

ire

gra

ss

Wir

eg

ras

s(A

rist

ida

stri

cta

var.

bey

rich

iana

)W

ild C

off

ee

Wild

Co

ffe

eW

ild C

off

ee

Wild

Co

ffe

eW

ild C

off

ee

(Psy

chot

ria

nerv

osa)

Bla

nk

et

Flo

we

rB

lan

ke

t F

low

er

Bla

nk

et

Flo

we

rB

lan

ke

t F

low

er

Bla

nk

et

Flo

we

r(G

ail l

ard

ia p

ulc

he

l la)

6363636363

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

Ex

oti

cE

xo

tic

Ex

oti

cE

xo

tic

Ex

oti

c

Do

wn

y R

ose

Do

wn

y R

ose

Do

wn

y R

ose

Do

wn

y R

ose

Do

wn

y R

ose

my

rtle

my

r tle

my

r tle

my

r tle

my

r tle

Ku

dz

uK

ud

zu

Ku

dz

uK

ud

zu

Ku

dz

u

Me

lele

uc

aM

ele

leu

ca

Me

lele

uc

aM

ele

leu

ca

Me

lele

uc

a

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Me

xica

n P

etu

nia

Ro

sary

Pe

aR

osa

ry P

ea

Ro

sary

Pe

aR

osa

ry P

ea

Ro

sary

Pe

a

Sc

he

ffle

raS

ch

eff

lera

Sc

he

ffle

raS

ch

eff

lera

Sc

he

ffle

ra

Sim

ple

lea

fS

imp

lele

af

Sim

ple

lea

fS

imp

lele

af

Sim

ple

lea

fC

ha

ste

tre

eC

ha

ste

tre

eC

ha

ste

tre

eC

ha

ste

tre

eC

ha

ste

tre

e

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

An

ise

An

ise

An

ise

An

ise

An

ise

( Illi

um s

pp. )

Oc

ea

nb

lue

Mo

rnin

g-

Oc

ea

nb

lue

Mo

rnin

g-

Oc

ea

nb

lue

Mo

rnin

g-

Oc

ea

nb

lue

Mo

rnin

g-

Oc

ea

nb

lue

Mo

rnin

g-

glo

ryg

lory

glo

ryg

lory

glo

ry( I

pom

oea

indi

ca v

ar.)

Ba

ld C

yp

res

sB

ald

Cy

pre

ss

Ba

ld C

yp

res

sB

ald

Cy

pre

ss

Ba

ld C

yp

res

s( T

axod

ium

dis

tichu

m)

Wild

Pe

tun

iaW

ild P

etu

nia

Wild

Pe

tun

iaW

ild P

etu

nia

Wild

Pe

tun

ia( R

ue

ll ia

ca

rol in

ien

sis )

Cl i

mb

ing

A

ste

rC

lim

bin

g

As

ter

Cli

mb

ing

A

ste

rC

lim

bin

g

As

ter

Cli

mb

ing

A

ste

r(S

ymph

yotr

ichu

mca

rol in

ian

um

)S

ug

arb

err

yS

ug

arb

err

yS

ug

arb

err

yS

ug

arb

err

yS

ug

arb

err

y( C

eltis

lae

viga

ta)

Ga

llb

err

yG

all

be

rry

Ga

llb

err

yG

all

be

rry

Ga

llb

err

y( I

lex

gla

bra

)

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Pyg

my

Fri

ng

e T

ree

Pyg

my

Fri

ng

e T

ree

Pyg

my

Fri

ng

e T

ree

Pyg

my

Fri

ng

e T

ree

Pyg

my

Fri

ng

e T

ree

(Chi

onan

thus

pyg

mae

us)

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

Co

ral

Ho

ne

ysu

ckle

(Lon

icer

a se

mpe

rvir

ens)

Lo

ng

Le

af

Pin

eL

on

g L

ea

f P

ine

Lo

ng

Le

af

Pin

eL

on

g L

ea

f P

ine

Lo

ng

Le

af

Pin

e( P

inu

s p

alu

stri

s)B

lue

Sa

ge

or

Lyr

ele

af

Sa

ge

Blu

e S

ag

e o

r L

yre

lea

f S

ag

eB

lue

Sa

ge

or

Lyr

ele

af

Sa

ge

Blu

e S

ag

e o

r L

yre

lea

f S

ag

eB

lue

Sa

ge

or

Lyr

ele

af

Sa

ge

( Sal

via

azur

ea o

r S

. ly

rata

)N

eck

lace

Po

dN

eck

lace

Po

dN

eck

lace

Po

dN

eck

lace

Po

dN

eck

lace

Po

d( S

opho

ra t

omen

tosa

var

. tr

unca

ta)

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

Win

ge

d S

um

ac

(Rhu

s co

pall i

num

)R

ust

y L

yon

iaR

ust

y L

yon

iaR

ust

y L

yon

iaR

ust

y L

yon

iaR

ust

y L

yon

ia( L

yoni

a fe

rrug

inea

)

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

yR

ed

C

ho

ke

be

rry

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

yR

ed

C

ho

ke

be

rry

Re

d

Ch

ok

eb

err

y(P

hotin

ia p

yrifo

lia)

Ca

rolin

a J

ess

am

ine

C

aro

lina

Je

ssa

min

e

Ca

rolin

a J

ess

am

ine

C

aro

lina

Je

ssa

min

e

Ca

rolin

a J

ess

am

ine

(h

igh

ly t

oxi

c)( G

els

em

ium

se

mp

erv

ire

ns)

Sla

sh P

ine

Sla

sh P

ine

Sla

sh P

ine

Sla

sh P

ine

Sla

sh P

ine

(Pin

us

el l i

ott

i i )S

tok

e’s

A

ste

rS

tok

e’s

A

ste

rS

tok

e’s

A

ste

rS

tok

e’s

A

ste

rS

tok

e’s

A

ste

r(S

toke

sia

laev

is)

Co

ralb

ea

n

Co

ralb

ea

n

Co

ralb

ea

n

Co

ralb

ea

n

Co

ralb

ea

n (

hig

hly

to

xic)

(Ery

thri

na h

erba

cea)

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

Ba

sta

rd I

nd

igo

(Am

orph

a fr

uitic

osa)

Fe

tte

rbu

sh

Fe

tte

rbu

sh

Fe

tte

rbu

sh

Fe

tte

rbu

sh

Fe

tte

rbu

sh

( Lyo

nia

luci

da)

6464646464

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

No

n-N

ati

ve I

nva

sive

Pla

nt

Re

pla

cem

en

t R

eco

mm

en

da

tio

ns,

co

nti

nu

ed

Ex

oti

cE

xo

tic

Ex

oti

cE

xo

tic

Ex

oti

c

Su

rin

am

C

he

rry

Su

rin

am

C

he

rry

Su

rin

am

C

he

rry

Su

rin

am

C

he

rry

Su

rin

am

C

he

rry

Tro

pic

al

So

da

Ap

ple

Tro

pic

al

So

da

Ap

ple

Tro

pic

al

So

da

Ap

ple

Tro

pic

al

So

da

Ap

ple

Tro

pic

al

So

da

Ap

ple

Le

ad

tre

eL

ea

dtr

ee

Le

ad

tre

eL

ea

dtr

ee

Le

ad

tre

e

Win

ge

d Y

am

Win

ge

d Y

am

Win

ge

d Y

am

Win

ge

d Y

am

Win

ge

d Y

am

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Wo

ma

n’s

To

ng

ue

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Na

tiv

e

Mo

ist

Wa

lte

r’s

V

ibu

rnu

mW

alt

er’

s

Vib

urn

um

Wa

lte

r’s

V

ibu

rnu

mW

alt

er’

s

Vib

urn

um

Wa

lte

r’s

V

ibu

rnu

m( V

ibur

num

obo

vatu

m)

Sca

rle

t H

ibis

cus

Sca

rle

t H

ibis

cus

Sca

rle

t H

ibis

cus

Sca

rle

t H

ibis

cus

Sca

rle

t H

ibis

cus

( Hib

iscu

s co

ccin

ea

)P

on

d A

pp

leP

on

d A

pp

leP

on

d A

pp

leP

on

d A

pp

leP

on

d A

pp

le( A

nnon

a gl

abra

)M

oo

nfl

ow

er

Mo

on

flo

we

rM

oo

nfl

ow

er

Mo

on

flo

we

rM

oo

nfl

ow

er

(Ipo

moe

a al

ba)

Sw

ee

t B

ay

Ma

gn

olia

Sw

ee

t B

ay

Ma

gn

olia

Sw

ee

t B

ay

Ma

gn

olia

Sw

ee

t B

ay

Ma

gn

olia

Sw

ee

t B

ay

Ma

gn

olia

( Mag

nolia

vir

gini

ana )

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Na

tiv

e

Dry

Sh

iny

Blu

eb

err

yS

hin

y B

lue

be

rry

Sh

iny

Blu

eb

err

yS

hin

y B

lue

be

rry

Sh

iny

Blu

eb

err

y( V

acc

iniu

m m

yrsi

nite

s)B

ea

ch T

ea

Be

ach

Te

aB

ea

ch T

ea

Be

ach

Te

aB

ea

ch T

ea

( Cro

ton

punc

tatu

s)B

lac

k

Iro

nw

oo

dB

lac

k

Iro

nw

oo

dB

lac

k

Iro

nw

oo

dB

lac

k

Iro

nw

oo

dB

lac

k

Iro

nw

oo

d( K

rugi

oden

dron

fer

reum

)B

lue

Ja

cq

ue

mo

nti

aB

lue

Ja

cq

ue

mo

nti

aB

lue

Ja

cq

ue

mo

nti

aB

lue

Ja

cq

ue

mo

nti

aB

lue

Ja

cq

ue

mo

nti

a( J

acqu

emon

tia p

enta

ntho

s )

Pig

nu

t H

icko

ryP

ign

ut

Hic

kory

Pig

nu

t H

icko

ryP

ign

ut

Hic

kory

Pig

nu

t H

icko

ry(C

arya

gla

bra)

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Na

tiv

e

Ge

ne

ral

Ya

up

on

Ho

llyY

au

po

n H

olly

Ya

up

on

Ho

llyY

au

po

n H

olly

Ya

up

on

Ho

lly(I

lex

vom

itori

a)S

aw

Pa

lme

tto

Sa

w P

alm

ett

oS

aw

Pa

lme

tto

Sa

w P

alm

ett

oS

aw

Pa

lme

tto

(Ser

enoa

rep

ens)

Liv

e O

ak

Liv

e O

ak

Liv

e O

ak

Liv

e O

ak

Liv

e O

ak

(Qu

erc

us

virg

inia

na

)C

ora

l H

on

ey

su

ck

leC

ora

l H

on

ey

su

ck

leC

ora

l H

on

ey

su

ck

leC

ora

l H

on

ey

su

ck

leC

ora

l H

on

ey

su

ck

le(L

onic

era

sem

perv

iren

s)S

ou

the

rn M

ag

no

lia

So

uth

ern

Ma

gn

oli

aS

ou

the

rn M

ag

no

lia

So

uth

ern

Ma

gn

oli

aS

ou

the

rn M

ag

no

lia

(Mag

nolia

gra

ndifl

ora)

No

n-N

ati

ve

In

va

siv

e

Pla

nt

Re

pla

ce

me

nt

No

tes

:N

on

-Na

tiv

e

Inv

as

ive

P

lan

t R

ep

lac

em

en

t N

ote

s:

No

n-N

ati

ve

In

va

siv

e

Pla

nt

Re

pla

ce

me

nt

No

tes

:N

on

-Na

tiv

e

Inv

as

ive

P

lan

t R

ep

lac

em

en

t N

ote

s:

No

n-N

ati

ve

In

va

siv

e

Pla

nt

Re

pla

ce

me

nt

No

tes

:A

ll n

ati

ve

pla

nts

lis

ted

he

re a

s r

ep

lac

em

en

ts f

or

inv

as

ive

ex

oti

c p

lan

ts a

re o

nly

su

gg

es

tio

ns

. T

his

lis

t is

no

t a

l l i

nc

lus

ive

. T

o f

ind

ou

t m

ore

ab

ou

t th

e b

es

t p

lan

t fo

r y

ou

r s

ite

or

wh

at

is a

va

i la

ble

in

yo

ur

are

a,

co

nta

ct

yo

ur

loc

al

na

tiv

e p

lan

t n

urs

ery

or

ex

ten

sio

n

off

ice

. L

isti

ng

s f

or

na

tiv

e p

lan

t n

urs

eri

es

ca

n b

e f

ou

nd

at

htt

p:/

/ww

w.a

fnn

.org

.

6565656565

This publication was produced by the BrevardCounty Natural Resources Management Office

Printed July 2006

Funding for this publication was made possiblethrough a grant from the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) CoastalImpact Assistance Program. Additional fundsfor printing this publication were provided by

the Brevard County EnvironmentallyEndangered Lands Program.

http://natres.brevardcounty.us(321) 633-2016

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