Idahobarnbook2nd Edition Final Copy

8/6/2019 Idahobarnbook2nd Edition Final Copy

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HistoricBarns Of

SoutheasternIdaho:

A Self-GuidedDrivingTour

A Project of the Bear River Heritage Area


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Self-Guided Barn Tour

WELCOME to the Bear River Heritage Areas sel-guided driving touro historic barns. We hope you enjoy it. You can drive the tour in largechunks, or in bits and pieces. There are two rules that will make the tourmore enjoyable and sae or you and others:

1. PLEASE OBEY ALL TRAFFIC LAWS AND DO NOT BLOCK ORSLOW OTHER TRAFFIC. ALWAYS PULL COMPLETELY OFF THE ROAD.We have tried to choose only barns where there is a sae place to do this.I you dont see the barn on your frst pass, continue driving until you fnda sae place to turn around and come back. Keep an eye on your mirrors:do not slow or stop trafc while looking or the barns.

2. PLEASE DO NOT ENTER PRIVATE PROPERTY. You are not invitedonto the property o any barn owner. All private barns on the tour canbe viewed rom the shoulder o the road, a side road, or a turnout.Please do not open closed gates, climb over ences, or damage property.

Climbing ences causes damage that costs the landowner money torepair. I such damage or other problems occur, landowners will withdrawtheir permission or their barns to be listed in this guide, and a wonderulexperience will be lost to the public. Please respect landowners propertyand rights.

Suggestion: Take along a pair of binoculars to view buildings that are farfrom the roadway.

Note to GPS users: You may use the included GPS coordinates to guideyou to the barns. All coordinates are for the viewpoint and were taken inWGS84 datum. Please be aware that you will not be able to get all the

way to the barn, because this would require you to enter the ownersproperty, which is prohibited on this tour. Consider the coordinates ageneral guide, and use them to help you locate the best viewpoint foreach barn.

Your favorite barn may not be listed in this book. There areseveral possible reasons or this: (1) the owner may not have givenpermission or us to list the barn, (2) the building may be located in anarea that we did not consider sae or accessible or barn viewing, (3) wemay not have been able to locate the owners or ft into their schedules oran interview, or (4) we just didnt get to it because o the sheer numbers

o old barns and the limits o our time and unding. Still, we hope youwill learn some things rom this tour that will help you understand manyo the barns you see in your travels, whether they are part o this tour ornot. 1

Roof Type: Gambrel Roof Type: Gable withshed roof attached

Roof Type: Gambrelwith shed roofattached on northand south side

Roof Type: Arch Roof Type: Monitor

Barn Roof Types


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Table Of Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................2-4

Barns

Oneida County Map ...........................................................................51 Tovey Intermountain Dairy Barn ............................................................6

2 John Erramouspe Barn ............................................................................7

3 Ed Sawdust Williams Log Barns ............. ............... .............. ............... 8

4 Floyd and Nell Hess Farmstead ..............................................................9

Franklin County Map ......................................................................10

5 Ferdinand and Lars Fredrickson Barn ............. ............... .............. ........ 11

6 George Hansen and Luther Fie Barns..................................................12

7 Samuel Wright Barn...............................................................................13

8 Cecil Woodward Barn ...........................................................................149 Garnet Woodward Barn .......................................................................14

10 George Lorenzo Wright Barn .............................................................15

11 Del Monte Pea Vinery .........................................................................16

12 Glen and Amy Bowman Barn .............................................................17

13 Cliord Sharp Barn .............................................................................18

14 Doney/Panter Barn ..................... .............. ............... .............. ............. 19

15 George Tat Benson Jr. Barn ............. ............... .............. ............... .....20

16 A.C. Hull Barn .......................................................................................21

17 Malcolm Denton Barn .........................................................................22

18 Fred Egley Barn ...................................................................................23

19 Alvin Petersen Intermountain Barn ...................................................24

20 Martinus/LaMonte Larsen Barn .........................................................25

21 Dwight Wilde Barn ........... ............... .............. ............... .............. ........ 26

Caribou County Map .....................................................................27

22 Michael Mickelson Monitor Roo Barn ..............................................28

23 John Peter Sorensen Intermountain Barn .........................................29

24 Charles H. Bassett Livery Barn ............... .............. ............... .............. .3025 Joe Clegg Barn and Granary ...............................................................31

26 Elvin Hubbard Arch-Roo Dairy Barn .................................................32

The Idaho Potato: A success Story.........................................33

27 Miles Brothers Farms ............... .............. ............... .............. ............... .3528 Gilbert Farms Straw Bale Cellar ............... .............. ............... ............. 36

29 Johnson/Varley Farms .................... .............. ............... ............... ........ 37

30 Hans Sorensen Grain Bins .............. .............. ............... ............... ........ 38

31 Grays Lake Guard Station Four-Horse Barn ............. .............. ........... 39

Bear Lake County Map ...............................................................40

32 John W. Brewer Barn ..........................................................................41

33 William Alred Charles Keetch Barn ............... .............. ............... ......42

34 Ola Peterson Barn ...............................................................................43

35 Dunord/Hart Barn ..............................................................................4436 John Bott Thornock Barn ....................................................................45

37 Stucki Dairy ...................... ............... .............. ............... .............. ......... 46

38 John Ulrich Stucki Barn .......................................................................47

39 Hymas Hillside Dairy ...........................................................................48

40 Liberty Lumber and Building ..............................................................49

41 Beck Arch-Roo Dairy Barn .................................................................50

42 Leo Passey Barn ...................................................................................51

43 Amos R. Wright Barn .......... .............. ............... .............. ............... ......52

44 Sod Roo Railroad Tie Barn .............. ............... .............. ............... ......53

45 Jack Crane Barn ...................................................................................54

46 Mahonri Crane Barn ............................................................................55

47 Wilord W. Clark Banked Barn .. ............... .............. ............... ............. 56

Glossary and Suggested Readings ..........................................................57

Credits ........................................................................................................59

Page Page


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IntroductionIn southeastern Idaho, barns are a mainstay o the landscape. Their stark outlines

rise rom surrounding elds; even those that are beginning to lean or that have allentell o a way o lie not very amiliar to most Americans today. Ever since the rst whitesettlements were ormed in the 1860s, agriculture has been the predominant economicactivity o this region, though the type o agriculture varies with the area, and the

barns and outbuildings refect this variation.The oldest permanent settlements in Idaho are in this part o the state, beginningwith Franklin, which was established in 1860 by Mormons moving northward romUtah Territory. In 1863, Mormon settlement also expanded into what is now Bear LakeCounty. In Caribou County, the Soda Springs areas rst white settlers were Mormondissidents, ollowers o Joseph Morris known as Morrisites. They ollowed ColonelPatrick Connor to the area in May 1863, our months ater Connor and his troops haddecimated an encampment o Shoshone Indians near modern-day Preston in what isnow known as the Bear River Massacre. Oneida County, to the west, was settledprimarily by Welsh Mormons in 1864.

While mining and railroading have been important to this region, it is arming thathas had the largest impact on the landscape. The settlers o the 1860s immediatelybegan arming, learning quickly that dierent parts o the region required dierent

approaches to agriculture. This, along with ethnic infuences rom the various groups osettlers, has resulted in a rich variety o barn types.

The oldest existing barns in southeastern Idaho appear to have been built aroundthe 1870s. Prior to that, small sheds were used or a variety o purposes. Themultipurpose barn, a more expensive and time-consuming structure to build, camelater. The location o barns across the landscape also tells something about the historyo the region. In the earliest Idaho settlements, a pattern known as the Mormon villagewas used. Homes, barns, and other outbuildings were clustered in towns, with eldsand grazing lands situated outside the town limits. As the Mormon town building erasubsided, the Mormon village concept was abandoned and scattered homesteadingtook its place. Thus the Idaho Mormon landscape consists o very ew Mormon villages(mostly in the Cache and Bear Lake valleys) and a large number o sel-contained

homesteads, with houses, outbuildings, and elds all situated within each homesteads160 acres. Houses and barns were arther apart, and towns became more diused,with only small business areas serving many outlying arms.

Types o BarnsUntil the early- to mid-twentieth century, most barns were built rom traditional

knowledge rather than rom set plans. Ethnic and regional backgrounds o builders, thelocal climate and geography, and a armers particular needs all infuenced how a barnwas built. In general, there are some types that exist in this region, but there are alsoinnite variations on types as well as many barns that do not t any particular type.

In typing barns, it is important to remember that the foor plan and how the barnunctioned are in many ways more important than the exterior eatures. With someexceptions, most barns and outbuildings in southeastern Idaho all into one

o the ollowing categories: (1) sheds and small outbuildings (2) earlybuildings refecting infuences external to this region, i.e., ethnic or otherregional infuences; (3) Intermountain barns; and (4) twentieth-centuryspecialized barns.

1. Sheds and small outbuildingsSmall sheds, stables, chicken coops, and granaries were among the earliest

buildings built by southeastern Idaho armers. Very ew o the early ones still stand;however, a structure oten known locally as ahal-barn, stable, or shed exists on many arms

in the area. This is a shed with a roo thatslopes only in one direction, looking like alean-to without the main barn to lean against.Some o these were built as predecessors toull barns that never got built. Others are thelast remaining vestiges o old barns that havebeen torn down, while some were simply builtto stand alone. Some o these hal-barns areattached to open-sided hay sheds.

2. Early buildings refecting infuences external to this regionThree early barn types that appear to be infuenced by designs rom other regions

have been identied by architectural historians: the English barn (Number 5), the

raised-oundation barn (Numbers 8, 9, and 10), and the Scandinavian log barn(Numbers 32 and 34). The English barn is a gable-rooed rectangular building withlarge doors in the middle o the two long sides. Inside, it is divided into three bays.There is a cluster o raised-oundation barns in the Franklin area, and they were all builtby the same two amilies. The Scandinavian log barn can be seen most oten in BearLake County, where many settlers came rom northern Europe.

3. Intermountain barnsThis barn type can be seen throughout this region. Generally, it has three

sectionsa large central hay storage bay with a gable or gambrel roo, and two lean-to wings, one or horses and one or cows. Some versions o the barn have only onelean-to, and others have three, with the third being on the back gable-end o the barn.

The most common construction techniques or these barns were post-and-beam orballoon raming. In post-and-beam construction, the weight o the building is carriedon a ew very large posts supporting heavy horizontal beams. In balloon raming, theweight is carried by many light studs in the wall topped by small beams or plates.(please see Numbers 1, 15, 19, 23, and 46 and the center illustration on the insideront cover or examples o Intermountain barns.)

The Intermountain barn evolved around 1890 1910 to meet the needs oarmers in this region. The door was in the gable end o the building, thus reducing thechance o snow sliding rom the roo onto anyone entering or exiting the barn. Thenew technology o the Jackson ork allowed armers to load hay to great heights in aground foor or second-foor storage area. Keeping the hay under the roo o a barnkept it more accessible, unrozen, and drier than keeping it in open-air stacks did.

Above: A hal-barn in Grace. Photo by Angela I . Nielson.


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IntroductionSome barns, especially those that came ater the Intermountain barn, incorporatedopenings in the second-story lot foor that allowed workers to drop hay directly intomangers below.

4. Twentieth-century specialized barns

As arming in this region moved away rom small subsistence operations to largerspecialized ones, barns changed to meet their needs. One common type o specializedbarn, ound mostly in the southern part o this our-county area, was the dairy barn(Numbers 26, 37, and 39). Plans or these barns oten came rom magazines, journals,extension agents, and the like, so they were not vernacular architecture like theirpredecessors, which were built mostly rom community knowledge. Most dairy barnseatured large second-foor haymows, and the roo lines were modied rom straightgables to gambrel or bow-truss styles to allow more hay storage there (please seediagram on inside ront cover). On the main foor, which was usually cement so that itcould be hosed o (this was a requirement or Grade A milk certication beginning in

the mid-twentieth century), you would ndwood or metal stanchions to hold the cows inposition during milking, as well as a variety o

eeding, milking, and waste removal systems.

Barns, regardless o general style, are otenadapted to the topography o the sites onwhich they are built. In particular, there areseveral bank barns, or barns built into hillsidesso that part o the lower story is below grade,and the second story may be accessed rom

ground level on one side. Examples o bank barns can be seen in Numbers 2, 20, 38,and 47.

Not Barns, But . . .

There are many other structures that serve the changing needs o the agriculturalcommunity in the region. In a ew locations, you can still see several types o hayderricks standing in elds. These machines made o heavy poles were used or pilingloose hay into stacks that would remain in the eld all year. There was an art tostacking hay so that it would shed water and not soak it up. Some armers enhancedtheir incomes by building derricks or others.

As arm technology has changed rom being horse-driven to being machine-driven, the need or stable space has disappeared, and the need or space toaccommodate baled hay and machinery has increased. The Intermountain barn, withits central bay or hay storage, has thus been trimmed down, losing its side sheds andeven its walls, leaving an open-sided tall hay shed that keeps rain and snow o thebaled hay but leaves it accessible rom all sides (Number 40). These can be seen

throughout this region. One o the major builders o hay sheds was Liberty Lumber andBuilding, based in Liberty, Idaho.

Instead o small stables or one or two teams o work horses, armers haveadapted older buildings or put up pre-ab metal sheds large enough to house severaltypes o machinery as well as a repair shop. Just as the horse was the nineteenth-

century armers most valuable asset, todays armers invest thousands o dollars inarm machinery, which, like drat horses, needs to be sheltered rom the elementswhen not in use.

One o the most striking arm buildings in Idaho is the potato cellar, oundrequently in Caribou County (Numbers 27, 28, and 29). Older potato cellars appear tobe all roo, with the eaves o the long gabled roo coming almost to ground level. Thisis because much o the building is below grade, providing a constant temperature oorty degrees Fahrenheit or the storage o potatoes. In most potato cellars, there is anentrance in the gable end large enough to accommodate a truck and the potato pilingequipment. In recent years, the design o potato cellars has changed to a rounded,Quonset-hut style.

Another specialized building ound in northern CacheValley is the pea vinery. At one time, peas were an important

crop, and these small buildings with open sides were built toseparate peas rom their vines beore they were sent tocanneries. In the vineries, discarded pea vines were stacked inone area to erment into silage, and armers who had broughtpeas there could come in the winter and pick up silage to eedtheir cows (Number 11).

Various types o granaries can be seen in the region,ranging rom the early settlers wood buildings to more recentcorrugated metal ones. A ew o these are noted in the tour asadjuncts to barns. The large granaries in Soda Springs (Number30) are early orerunners o todays large grain bins andelevators.

Quonset-style buildings are also popular in southeastern Idaho. True Quonset huts,in which the rounded metal creates both walls and roo, and modied Quonsets, inwhich a rounded metal roo is placed on top o vertical masonry walls, can be seen

throughout the area. The Quonset hut originatedwith the military in England and the United Statesduring World Wars I and II and was created as aninexpensive, lightweight, and portable structure thatcould be put up by untrained people. The stylecaught on ater the war, and people began usingthem or a variety o purposes. Interestingly, one othe local builders, Les Dahle, used bent wood tocreate the ribs o the round-rooed structures rather

Let: Wooden stanchions in the Floyd and Nell Hess barn (Barn Number 4) loosely held cowsheads in place during milking. Above right: An inside-out style granary on the site o BarnNumber 44 in Bennington. Above let: A modied Quonset in the Whitney area.


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than the curved metal used by the Navy. Watch orboth Quonsets and modied Quonsets on armsthroughout this region.

Another common use o metal in southeasternIdaho is the sheathing o barn exteriors with

galvanized metal. The harsh winters o the areahave prompted this actionthe metal protects thewalls rom deterioration and also helps seal themagainst the wind. Some buildings have metalsheathing only on one sideusually the north orthe wall acing the prevailing wind. Others arecompletely covered with metal.

Farm TechnologyTechnological changes aected barn design. The most widely-accepted changes in

technology seem to revolve around hay storage. Feed or livestock in a horse-drivensociety was as important as gasoline or electricity is today. The longer the winter andthe more animals you had, the more hay you needed to store, and it was labor-

intensive work to bring it in. The oldest technology or stacking hay in this region wasthe hay derrick that allowed armers tobuild haystacks in their elds. But whenenclosed hay storage and the Jackson orkcame along, all o that changed. Thistriangular contraption with long, sharptines ran along a track in the gable o thebarn. It was moved by a series o pulleysand a rope attached to a horse, usuallyridden by a child. A wagon ull o hay waspulled up next to the barn under theoverhang where the end o the Jackson

ork track was. The ork was lowered tothe wagon, its tines guided into the load so it could pick up a large amount o hay,then the horse pulled the ork up and into the barn. People inside the barn helpedlocate where the ork was to drop the hay, and with a fick o a rope, the orktripped, dropping the hay onto the stack inside the barn. Workers then spread it outinto an even stack. Hand signals and shouted instructions were used orcommunication between the workers at the wagon on one end o the barn, the horserider at the other end o the barn, and those inside.

Another important technological development in arming had to do with milkingcows eciently. Milking has to be done twice a day, every day. Most small armers hadbetween three and eight cows. The development o widespread electric power allowedthe development o milking machines that sucked the milk rom the cowsudders. The earliest milkers were called bucket milkers, because the milk

was deposited in a bucket and had to be poured by hand into ten-gallonmilk cans, which were then taken to a cooling room. Later systems involvedpiping that took the milk directly rom the cow to a large rerigerated tankin a room or a shed at one end o the barn. Farmers who could aord these

Grade A upgrades could soon buy more cowsand become more specialized.

Removing animal waste was a distasteultask that technology helped alleviate. Manysmall barns that had milking areas had raised

wooden foors or the cows to stand on whilebeing milked. Wooden stanchions closed ontheir necks, preventing them rom moving toomuch during milking. The wooden foor wasjust broad enough to accommodate thelength o a cow, allowing waste to drop ontothe dirt area behind it, usually covered withclean straw. The waste could then be shoveled out o the barn. In some barns, thewaste was shoveled into a long bucket that ran along a ceiling-mounted track to anarea outside, where it would be dumped. Later, when cement became a commonlyused material, dairy barns had cement foors with gutters positioned behind themilking area. Waste could be swept into the gutters, which carried it out o the barn,and the whole foor could be hosed o.

We invite you to take a leisurely trip into this regions agricultural history by visitingthe sites o the barns in this book. The scenery o southeastern Idaho is beautiul, soenjoy the ride.

Upper let: A sheep barn completely sheathed in metal in Liberty. Lower let: A Jackson orkhangs in the raters o an old barn. Upper right: Milking with a bucket milker. Photo courtesyIdaho State Historical Society, 1158-28. Lower: Building a haystack with an overshot hay stacker.Photo courtesy Idaho State Historical Society, 74.75.19.


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Oneida County Map

Photo: A sod-roo shed in Samaria. Photo courtesy o the Idaho State Historical Society,72-100.26/A. Photo 1972 by A. A. Hart.


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Oneida County Barns

1 Tovey Intermountain Dairy BarnMalad, ca. 1912

The location o this gambrel-roo Intermountain dairy barn lent itselto public view, so the roo o the barn once doubled as a billboard inviting

people driving along the interstate highway to stop and Eat at EarlsCae in Malad. In the early 1900s, when the dairy boom was underway,this and many other large state-o-the-art barns were constructed usingkits or sections that were preabricated on the ground and then hoistedinto place.

The barn has a cement oundation with the inscription November16, 1912. It is thought that this is the date that construction wascompleted. The lean-tos on east and west housed the milking parlor andhorse stalls. A large central bay supported by giant squared timbers isopen to the ceiling. The lots are over the lean-tos on each side. The southone-third o the central bay is enclosed to create a tack room, and thelarge sliding doors on the south side provide access to this area.

Hay was loaded into the barn with a

Jackson ork, which still hangs romits railing in the raters. The originalroo had wood shingles that werelater replaced with metal.Morgan Tovey once served as thesheri o Malad. He and his wieGwenred, who were members oMalads large Welsh population,moved onto the arm in about 1930

and lived here until Morgan died in 1973. The barn was not exclusively adairy barn, but the Toveys milked a ew cows by hand and separated thecream rom the milk, which went to the creamery in Malad. They milked

Shorthorn cows, which were not the usual dairy cow, but they werehappy with the results. Morgan always made a point o getting a prizebull and keeping it with the herd to keep it as pure as possible.

The amily raised a ew chickens, pigs, and geese. Their six childrenworked on the arm and participated in 4-H projects. In the barn, theymade up plays and perormed them on the top o the tack room roo.Some time ater World War II, a traveling painter came by and oered topaint the barn or ty dollars i the Toveys would buy the linseed oil orthe project.

Ater Morgan and Gwenred, their son John and his wie Myrna ranthe arm until 1973, when the present owners bought it. The barn is usedto store a little hay and provide shelter or Angus bee cattle.

Address: 325 E. 3000 N. Viewing directions: View rom 3000 North, looking north. GPS Coordinates: 4213.695 N. 11214.330 W. (viewpoint)

Above: Board fooring in the west lean-to.


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Oneida County Barns2 John Erramouspe Barn

Malad, ca. 1930

John Erramouspe, a Basque immigrant rom Southern France,came to America in the mid-1880s. At that time, many Basques were

coming to America in search o a new way o lie, hoping to nd betteropportunities. John rst came to Caliornia to herd sheep, then moved onto Idaho. He was among the many Basques that made the Idaho sheepindustry amous. John married Jeanne Elesonde in 1920 and bought thisMalad arm.

While sheep ranching was his main occupation, John also raised othercrops to support his amily. In the late 1930s he built this small barn and

used it or sheltering livestock and storinghay. The arms ve acres were used togrow alala. A small orchard producedapples, plums, apricots, and raspberriesto be sold to passers-by. The amily alsoraised chickens, pigs, and cows or their

own subsistence. Johns three sons helpedmilk the cows at home and herd the sheepout on the range. His youngest son, Mike

Erramouspe, now maintains the historic buildings and grows two crops oalala hay each season.

The act that the barn is banked into the hillside makes the main bayaccessible at ground level rom the north side through two openings intowhich loose hay could be tossed. Mike now rolls an old hay wagon up tothe lower south side in order to load baled hay. There are lean-tos on eachgable end o this barn. The lean-to on the west side served as a manger inJohns time, with room or a ew cows and hay. Mike modied the barnor its present use by closing o this lean-to and now uses it and the shedon the east side or equipment storage. The rock oundation is also visibleon the south side o the barn.

On the northeast corner o the property is a historic log house, nowconverted or use as a shed. The cabin was built beore the barn; thereis no oundation, and the years and weather have taken their toll. Thelogs were harvested rom Power House, a small power plant propertynorthwest o Malad. The chinking between the logs is plaster. On largedoors opening into the shed, Mike paints in red the dates o the years hepainted the shed. It is convenient to keep a record right on the spotMike says the historic buildings are due or another painting in order tohelp them last.

Address: 668 North 200 West

Viewing directions: View barn rom 700 North.GPS Coordinates: 4212.012 N. 11214.947 W. (viewpoint)

Above: John Erramouspe visits with eldworker Rachel Gianni on the south side o thebarn. Inset: Rocks support a corner o the barn.


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Oneida County Barns3 Ed Sawdust Williams Log Barns

Malad, early 1930s

In the 1930s, Ed Williams had a homestead west o Malad in Daniels.He was well known or his work with sawing lumber or himsel and

others, and got the nickname Sawdust.In the early 1930s, Ed built our small barns on this site or hisdaughter and son and their amilies. He harvested the logs rom thecanyon by himsel and built the barns with the help o his son and son-in-law. Each amily had two barns, and they were used in the samewayone barn was used as a chicken coop and the other was used or

milking cows. No one is surewhere Ed got the design or thebarns, one o which has sincebeen torn down. The lowercribs are built with horizontallogs, and the upper halves areo vertical sawed lumber. The

gambrel roos made a spaciousarea above or the hay lot. Overthe years, improvements weremade to the barns. The chinking

between the logs has been replaced, the barns were wired or electricity,and new stanchions were installed. The old roong was replaced withmetal. Ed had similar barns on the amily homestead in Daniels.

His daughter Faye said We had more barns than we knew what todo with! Faye and her husband Earl made their whole living rom thissite and a 360-acre arm ten miles west o town. Haying on that arm wasdone with a team o horses, and put up in the west barn in town with aJackson ork. Their son Gene recalls the work o milking eight cows in thebarn by hand. The barn held our cows at a time. In spring the job o barncleaning and manure spreading ell to him.

Faye and her daughter Gaylene raised chickens and sold the eggs intown. In the summer during haying season, Gene rode the derrick horse.Hired hands slept in the granary on the 360-acre arm, and Faye cookedtheir meals and brought coee and resh pies out in the aternoons. Inher spare time, in order to have time with Earl, Faye rode s idesaddle ona horse alongside him as he plowed the elds. Plowing with horses wasquiet enough to carry on a conversation, and the ride gentle enoughthat she could knit or crochet sweaters or her two children as they wentalong.

Address: 575 N. 600 W. (Follow Bannock Street, which becomes 600 West)

Viewing directions: View rom 600 West looking northwest.GPS Coordinates: 4211.860 N. 11215.714 W. (viewpoint)

Above: The barns exhibit corner notching that appears to be a cross between square anddouble notching.


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Oneida County Barns

4 Floyd and Nell Hess FarmsteadMalad, ca. 1940

Thomas Mark Kent was a prominent builder in Malad who built manybarns, houses and hay derricks. Although he had access to sawed lumber,

he also built with logs well into the 1950s. Toms brother-in-law, FloydHess, had him build the structures on this site in about 1940 through1946. They include a cinder block garage, a log chicken house, anoctagonal stacked-two-by-our granary with attached log shed, and a logbarn with a lean-to.

Floyds son Robert Hess was about thirteen years old at the time andhelped in the building.Robert says that his UncleTom was just a goodcarpenter and intelligentman, good at mathematics,who built without electricitywith just a saw, an ax, and

a hammer. The cementor the oundations andfooring was mixed in ahand-cranked cement mixerand poured by hand.

The ceiling inside the chicken barn has chicken wire stretched overlog raters. Straw bales were stacked on top o this ceiling, and theinsulation kept the chickens warm in the winter.

The Hesses stored wheat and barley in the granary and in bins insidethe attached log shed. The barn on the southwest end o the site hasstanchions that were used or milking cows by hand and a lean-to on itswest gable that was used as a calving shed. During World War II, Robertwas allowed to keep the money rom selling the milk ater enough or theamilys needs and or butter and cheese was taken out.

In about 1951, the Hesses sold the armstead to Ray and Erma Clarkand moved into town where they could have a new home and indoorplumbing. The Clarks raised our children here and used the sturdy logbuildings to store hay and to milk a ew cows until about 1985. The sitehas stayed in the Clark amily; the buildings are used or storage and havebeen preserved through the installation o metal roong.

Address: 2112 North 3100 WestViewing directions: View rom 3100 West.GPS Coordinates: 4212.903 N. 11218.402 W. (viewpoint)

Above top: Fieldworker Ron Goede holds open the manger door on the southwest barnwhere cows were milked. Above bottom: A view o all o the historic structures on the site.


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Franklin County Map

A view o the agricultural landscape rom inside the Martinus/LaMonte Larsen barn(Number 20), Mink Creek.


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Franklin County Barns

5 Ferdinand and Lars Fredrickson BarnWeston, ca. 1870-1885

Danish immigrant Ferdinand Fredrickson came to Utah in the early1860s ahead o his wie and children, who arrived in 1865. First settling

in Hyde Park, Utah, they soon moved to Weston and homesteaded atthe west end between the area known as Cedarville and the Stringaroute leading north to Dayton. Their son Lars, born in 1857, would havebeen twelve years old at the time.

Descriptions o everyday buildings such as barns are oten overlookedin historical writings o early settlements. Clues to the year built and tothe ethnic origin o this barn may be ound in the materials used, the

foor plan, and inscriptions on thetimbers inside. Square nails and arecycled telephone or telegraph poleound in this barn are items thatwere in use in the west in the late1800s.

Although Ferdinand and his sonwere Danish, the foor plan o theFredrickson barn resembles that oan English barn with its large doorsin the eaves side and its center aisle,

fanked on both sides by bays or stock animals and hay. Originally thebarn was enclosed on all sides and later modied to accommodate theaddition o a lean-to milking parlor in place o the south elevation. Thenorth side drive door still exists on this barn, and evidence o anotherdoor can be seen in the posts and beams where the south wall was. Theyear 1885 inscribed in a cemented portion o the oundation outsidethe present lean-to indicates that Lars probably made modications to hisathers 1870s barn in that year.

The joinery inside the barn has scribe rule marks used in aligning thetimbers. At the ends o timbers that were to be joined, projections calledtenons and corresponding holes called mortises were cut and markedwith Roman numerals or assembling the barn later. The inscriptions arecalled marriage marks. They were usually made on the outside aceso timbers to be covered with siding later. Because o the removal o thesiding o the south wall, the inscribed posts and beams are visible or usto learn rom today.

Kevin Ashby, the present owner, uses the barn to store hay. Hereplaced the old lean-to with one with a lower peak so that light couldcome into the main bay through the opening above the lean-to andbelow the main roo.

Address: 3293 South 5600 WestViewing directions: View rom 5600 West.GPS Coordinates: 4202.459 N. 11200.745 W. (viewpoint)

Let: Square nails protrude rom a timber in the barn. Above top: Marriage marks on a timberaided in joining pre-selected barn timbers.


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6 George Hansen and Luther Fie BarnsWeston, ca. 1923

In the spring o 1923, George Hansen decided that he needed abarn to hold his livestock, and his mail cart, buggy, and sleigh. George

contracted with his neighbor, Luther Fie, who lived on the site just westo his, to build the barn. Luther was known as a master builder and hadhelped with other buildings in Cache Valley. Ater Luther nished thebarn or George, he decided that he wanted a barn, too. Using the sametemplates or the arched roo that he had made or Georges barn, hebuilt a second barn just like his neighbors, only it was about hal as wideand shorter in length.

Georges son Karl wrote about how he helped decide what kind obarn to build, and gives details o the construction:

Early that spring in 1923, Dad andLuther Fie, and me some o the time,went in Dads model T Ford all around theCache Valley Farms looking at dierent

barns. They jointly decided on one witha round roo, gently curving downwardand having small eaves on the tailing roo.Some o these type barns can be seen in

the Richmond, Utah area yet, and it was down there that they nally gotthe design they wanted.

In the early stages o construction o the barn, Luther Fie laid outsome templates or the curved stringers o the barns roo, and his mennailed them together. They didnt have any electric saws and all o thewood was cut by hand. When each template copy was nished, they usedropes, block and tackles, braces, and lots o muscles to get the curvedstringer in place. It was then anchored down and tied until the next one

could be put up. The only piece o machinery that was driven by motorpower was a cement mixer, and this was powered by a gasoline enginethat sometimes stopped at a crucial time, and they had to resort tomanpower.

Both barns provided shelter or horses and cows and stored a largeamount o hay in their spacious lots. George let the town kids use thelot o his barn or boxing. Karl would sweep out the hay dust in the lotand help in the making o a makeshit boxing ring. The only drawback tothe boxing ring was that spectators had to crawl up the lot ladder to seethe action.

Address: 283 East Depot StreetViewing directions: The George Hansen barn is located behind the current

owners house at 283 Depot Street. It is best to view the barn rom 100South. The Luther Fie barn can also be seen rom this viewpoint.GPS Coordinates: 4202.106 N. 11158.267 W. (viewpoint on 100 South)

Let: Photo by Angela I. Nielson. Above: The graceully curved bottom edge o the roo mayhave been practical in directing water away rom the oundation, or it may have been simplydecorative.


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Franklin County BarnsWright/Woodward Raised-Foundation BarnsFranklin, early 1900s

The Wright and Woodward amilies were part o the early Mormonmigration that established Idahos rst town o Franklin in 1860. As in

other Mormon settlements, a ort with log cabins and shelter or animalswas built rst. The rst months o lie in Franklin were centered onobtaining logs rom nearby orests or this purpose, then armland waslaid out or the settlers to begin the work o raising crops.

At the turn o the century, barns began to appear outside the townwhere large tracts o armland existed. These accommodated small dairyherds and the storage o loose hay.

Along two stretches o 4000 East, ve large dairy barns with raisedcement oundations and gambrel roos were built by the Wright andWoodward amilies. Thought to be derived rom English barns o thenations colonial period, the barns are sometimes called raised-foundationor basement barns because o the low-ceilinged bottom story withcement walls that orm a oundation or a large-open hay lot above.

The space underneath the lot was used or sheltering the dairy herd andwork horses.

The close proximity and similarity o these barns is a good exampleo the passing along o a olk orm o construction perhaps known to theamilys English grandparents, and the sharing and adaptation that occursin a dierent time and place.

Unlike the English raised barn that has a ramp to access the secondstory lot, these barns have no outside access to the hay mow exceptthrough the use o a Jackson ork. Instead o using stone or the raisedwalls o the oundation, the use o cement, usually mixed by hand, is arefection o the barns later western adaptation.

7 Samuel Wright BarnFranklin, ca. 1912-1913

Possibly the earliest o the raised-oundation barns in this area, theSamuel Wright barn may have set the example or the others to ollow. Itwas built or Samuel, son o early homesteaders William Tweedy Wrightand Maria Brown Wright, by the Lowe twins, James and John, who didthe raming, siding, and roong. The story goes that the twins would behigh up on scaolding working on the raming and they would disagreeabout how to proceed. They would climb down rom the scaolding,argue or an hour, then climb back up and continue working.

Concrete or the high oundation walls was mixed by hand usinggravel rom the creek and a hand-cranked cement mixer. The concrete

was pulled up the scaolding in a wheelbarrow and poured into theorms. The job was completed over a period o days, and the lines wherecement was added day by day are still visible. The 38-oot beams on theinside came rom Maple Creek Canyon. The barn has mortise and tenon


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joints and pegs that are still visible in some places. Originally, the barnhad a shingle roo and a cupola. It was painted white in the 1950s andreceived a new roo in 1965. The barn sheltered about teen dairy cowson the east side, and horses on the other. Later, ater the Wrights builta new milking barn, calves were kept in the barn and the herd grew to

eighty head.The current owner, a great grandson o Samuel, has put a great dealo time, eort, and expense into the rehabilitation o the barn. Whenhe bought the place, he tore down other dilapidated arm buildings andused the lumber to renovate the siding on the barn. The barn was paintedbright white again as part o the rehabilitation.

Address: 3848 South 4000 East (To get to 4000 East, turn right on MapleCreek Road at the intersection o Maple Creek and Feedmill Roads.)Viewing directions: The barn is on the west side o 4000 East.GPS coordinates: 4201.937 N. 11146.742 W. (viewpoint)

Woodward Barns

Franklin, ca. 1914 to 1915

William and Rebecca Woodward homesteaded in Franklin and hadthree sons: Garnet, Cecil, and Ivan. Each o the brothers had raised-oundation barns built starting in about 1914. It is possible that they werebuilt by the same builders that the Wrights used. The barns were used orsheltering drat horses, milking dairy cows, and the storage o hay. Whenthe dairy industry demanded a larger operation, the Woodwards quitmilking and began to excel in the egg business. Ivans barn burned downin 1985, and now Garnet and Cecils barns are owned by Ritewood Eggs.

8 Cecil Woodward Barn

Address: 3863 South 4000 East (To get to 4000 East, turn right on MapleCreek Road at the intersection o Maple Creek and Feedmill Roads.)Viewing directions: View rom 4000 east looking east.GPS Coordinates: 4201.911 N. 11146.733 W. (viewpoint)

9 Garnet Woodward Barn

Address: 3543 South 4000 East (To get to 4000 East, turn right on MapleCreek Road at the intersection o Maple Creek and Feedmill Roads.)Viewing directions: View rom 4000 east looking east.GPS Coordinates: 4202.303 N. 11146.739 W. (viewpoint)


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Franklin County Barns10 George Lorenzo Wright Barn

Franklin, beore 1920

George Lorenzo Wright, another son o William and Maria Wright(please see Barn Number 7), built this barn some time beore 1920.

Judging rom its similarity to the other raised-oundation barns, thiswould seem correct. A sister o Ramon Wright, the current owner, recallsthe tradition o having an Easter picnic in the barn i it snowed on thatholiday. Children climbed precariously up to the raters to hang upsidedown rom the cupola. Ater the dairy industry declined, Lorenzos sonGerald raised 300 chickens inside the barn in wooden cubbies. Later heand his son Ramon increased the fock rom 5,000 to 20,000. Gerald diedin 1965, and in 1969 the Ramon Wrights merged with the Woodwards toorm Ritewood Eggs. Historic poultry houses and outbuildings can still beseen alongside modern buildings.

Address: 3987 East Maple Creek RoadViewing directions: View barn and other historic buildings rom the south end

o 4000 East, o o Maple Creek Road.GPS Coordinates: 4201.492 N. 11146.728 W. (viewpoint)

Let: Wooden cubbies that housed chickens. Above: The barn shares the site with, let toright, historic two-story poultry houses, a hal-barn (in ront o the poultry houses), and agranary.


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11 Del Monte Pea VineryFranklin, ca. 1920 to 1930

As ar back as the Civil War, technology or the home preserving ooods by pressure cooker canning existed. In 1870, commercial canneries

employed some 6,000 persons nationwide in at least 100 knowncanneries. This grew to 50,000 workers by 1890 in 1,800 actories.Canning peaked in Utah and Cache Valley in the 1920s, infuencing

arming in the southeastern Idaho area as well. Del Monte locatedseveral pea vineries in Franklin County that unctioned until some timein the 1950s. Many southeastern Idahoans remember the experience ogrowing, harvesting, and processing peas or Del Monte.

One third-generation arm owner in Franklin remembers the harvestas one that couldnt wait. When the peas were ready to harvest, they hadto be cut at night so they wouldnt wilt. Working with a team o horses,the pea vines were mowed and loaded onto a wagon with a pitchork.Early the next morning the vines were taken to the pea vinery in Franklinand thrown into several hoppers. The hoppers separated the peas rom

the vine. On one end o the hopper was a person who stacked the vines,and on the other end the peas came out and were loaded into pea boxes.These were taken to the cannery and weighed so the armer would knowhow many peas he had harvested. This was done in early July, and iconditions were just right, the armer could plant a crop o barley on thesame ground the peas had been planted in and harvest barley in the lateall.

The pea vines were let in the stacks at the vinery until they ermentedinto silage. In the winter, the armers could go and pick up silage to eedtheir cows. The amount they could take was determined by the weight otheir pea harvest. Pea silage and beet pulp were two ways that armersed their cows at little or no cost.

The best stories relating to the growing and harvesting o peas haveto do with eating them. While one Mink Creek native was astonished tosee an uncle eat peas rom a butter knie, another Whitney native saysthat the sweetest thing in lie is to get up at sunrise, while the dew is stillon the pea vines and sit out there and eat young peas, resh o the vine.

Address: Southwest corner o 3800 South and 3400 EastViewing directions: At the intersection o Feed Mill Road and Maple CreekRoad, turn north on Feed Mill Road. The sign says Ritewood Feed. Viewthe pea vinery rom 3400 East.GPS Coordinates: 4201.870 N. 11147.520 W. (viewpoint)


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12 Glen and Amy Bowman BarnCub River, ca. 1947-1951

Following military service during World War II, Glen and AmyBowman moved back to Cub River to establish their home on the site

homesteaded by Glens ather, Albert Bert Bowman. Because o themany natural springs that crop up on the arm, Glen sometimes calls itBrookdale Ranch.

For our years, the Bowmanslived in their garage whilebuilding their new home andbarn.

To build the barn, Glen rstvisited barns in Richmond to seewhat he wanted. He observedhow the raming was done. Theplans or this barn were in myhead, he says. Next, he needed

lumber. Dead trees could beharvested in Franklin Basin or ree. It took all o the year 1947 or Glen tocut the trees using a cross-cut saw. The lumber was milled at Wade andLeonard Christensens sawmill in the basin.

The oundation or the barn was dug with a pick and shovel andthe dirt hauled away in a wheelbarrow. Next they poured the concreteoundation. Glen and Amy worked together to assemble the ramingand the two used a ladder to haul the cross-beams up. Glen would say toAmy, Come up here and hold this beam, and she would climb up andhold the beam until he had it secured. The central haymow was built rst,then the lean-tos were added later.

Hay was loaded into the barn and stacked foor to ceiling using aderrick horse and Jackson ork. Glen had to climb a ladder to open thehay doors. When the barn was ull o hay, a Mormon hay derrick wasused to stack hay outside the barn. The Bowmans milked cows untilGrade A dairy requirements became mandatory in the 1950s.

Later they raised sheep and sent the wool to Brigham City. TheBowmans still raise a ew sheep and shear them every summer with thehelp o their son. They keep the sheep camp (a wagon used as quartersor a sheepherder) just or un. It can oten be seen parked next to thebarn.

Address: 5787 East Cub River RoadViewing directions: View rom north side o roadway a little east o the barn.GPS Coordinates: 4205.912 N. 11144.141 W. (viewpoint)

Above: A see-saw type Mormon hay derrick on Cub River Road.


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13 Cliord Sharp BarnCub River, ca. 1950

Joseph Sharp, born in 1864, owned this arm at one time. He armedwith horses and used a Jackson ork in an earlier barn on this site. In a

lean-to near the old silo, cows were milked by hand. In 1941, Joseph soldthe arm to his son Cliord, and the old barn stored hay and sheltered asmall dairy herd or ten more years.

In 1950, Cliord and his wie Vaudis wanted to increase the size otheir dairy herd, and a new barn was designed and built in place o theold one. The unique diagonal siding seen on the present barn was usedon several Cub River barns in the same time period. Diagonal siding wasnailed to vertical raming and provided the advantage o stabilizing a barnas wind and weather beat upon it through the years.

Cliord harvested logs in Franklin Basin, where they were sawedinto the proper lengths and sizes or raters, braces, studs, and siding.They were hauled down to the arm, and Otto Gregory, a brother-in-law,helped build the barn. Cliord was determined that the new barn would

sport a chopper and a blower to load the hay rather than a Jackson ork,and later a baler and an elevator were used.

As soon as the barn was nished, Cliord planned a milking parlor tomeet Grade A dairy requirements. There were no blueprints to ollow. Atnight Cliord would lie awake thinking through the design problems, andby morning he would know what to do. An old receipt dated October4th, 1955, veries that his creative thinking not only resulted in Grade Adairy certication, but an ecient building that would become a modelor other small dairies. Groups guided by the county dairy inspector otenvisited the Sharp barn to watch as our cows at a time were convenientlymilked rom a shallow pit that placed the milker lower than the cow. Themilk was pumped through a system o pipes to be strained into steel cans,and later into a stainless steel bulk tank. The Sharps eventually increasedtheir dairy herd to ty head o Holstein cows and sent the milk to beprocessed at Cache Valley Dairy.

With a large amily o seven girls and one boy, the Sharps raisedchickens, sold eggs, grew their own wheat, barley, and alala, andran their dairy or several years. Today this site, with its historic andmodern buildings side by side, is still in the amily. The barn is used orstoring small bales o hay used or cattle eed and or general storage.Restoration eorts are underway.

Address: Just east o 6058/6048 East Cub River Road, south side o roadwayViewing directions: Pull over to the shoulder o Cub River Road; view the barnto the southeast.

GPS Coordinates: 4206.243 N. 11143.815 W. (viewpoint)


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14 Doney/Panter BarnBetween Franklin and Whitney, ca. 1940

Elias Doney homesteaded the land in this area that later becamecalled by locals Buttermilk Curve because o three dairies that operated

here during the dairy boom. Elias had our sons that inherited pieces othe homestead ater he died. His son Grant worked the arm that thisgambrel roo barn occupies today. Grants son LaDell is probably the onewho had the barn built in the early 1940s. Another son built the barnacross rom it on 2800 South.

Everyone owning a barn during this period used it or milking a ewcows, storing hay, and keeping a ew chickens and pigs. The Doneys alsohad modern loang sheds or sheltering the dairy herd. The gambrel roo

on this barn was designed orstoring large amounts o hay,and the cables that are stillinside show that a Jacksonork was used. The cement

silo at the southeast cornerwas used or storing silageor stock animals. This barncombines horizontal tongueand groove siding all aroundthe base, and vertical sidingabove that.

A closer look at the seams o the cement oundation and the sidingbetween the lean-to and the main bay indicate that this barn may havebeen built in stages. The siding on the lean-to also shows V-shaped cutswhere it was either pieced or earlier openings were closed. This may havebeen the design o a hal barn, a shed with a roo sloping in only onedirection that was built to store hay and shelter animals beore a main baywas added. The foor plan o the barn eatures gable entrances, a centeraisle fanked with places or cow stanchions on either side, a calving penand lot above. The lean-to was used or the stabling o horses.

The current owner is serous about the preservation o the barn. Sincepurchasing the property in 1990, he has cleaned out the interior andwants to stabilize the roo. As long as the silo remains stable, it will bekept. Today, the barn is used or storing hay or a ew head o bee cattle.The barns lot has or several years been home to two great horned owlsthat produce a brood every year and keep the barn ree o pigeons. ThePanter amily enjoys protecting the habitat o this magnicent bird.

Address: 2727 South 2400 East, between Franklin and Whitney

Viewing directions: View the barn rom 2400 East or 2800 South.GPS Coordinates: 4205.912 N. 11144.141 W. (2800 South viewpoint) Above top: One o the V-shaped seams on the lean-to. Above bottom: Cement fooring andgutters or waste removal were requirements or a Grade A dairy.


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15 George Tat Benson Jr. BarnWhitney, ca. 1898

Four generations o the Benson amily have lived on this arm. GeorgeTat Benson, Jr., was a grandson o the rst Bensons that came to Utah

in 1847 with the rst Mormon pioneer wagon train. In 1885, as a youngboy, he moved with his parents to Whitney, where his ather homesteadedthis site. George T. Benson, Jr., married Sarah Dunkley in 1898, and theybuilt the house and this Intermountain barn. They had eleven children,including Ezra Tat Benson, who later became U.S. Secretary o Agricultureunder President Dwight D. Eisenhower and served as an apostle andpresident o the Church o Jesus Christ o Latter-day Saints.

The story o the Benson arm is recalled by the last living Bensonchild, Lera Benson Whittle, born in 1907. The Bensons raised sugar beets,wheat, and alala. Like many arming amilies, they had a garden withruits and vegetables, raised chickens and pigs, and were in the dairybusiness. An apple orchard provided several varieties o apples. Everyevening, someone was sent to the cellar to get apples, and everyone ate

an apple while they were doing homework or reading the scriptures.Fiteen cows were hand-milked by the Benson boys. Lera recalls her

job o riding a little pony out to the pasture to bring the cows to the barn.Id drive them home and the boys would hook them up, each one in astall, astened onto their necks, and then they would put the hay downout o the barn right into the manger and they would eat hay while theywere milked. The Bensons armed with horses and kept them in thebarn on the opposite side rom the cows. George always kept his horsesclean and beautiul. And in the winter hed braid their tails and turn themup and tie them. In the summer we would ride to church in a big white-topped buggy.

Lera says that raising sugar beets was an everlasting job on thearm. All the children helped in the planting, plowing, hoeing, weeding,thinning, and topping o ty acres o sugar beets. The process began inearly summer and ended in October when the beets were taken to theactory.

During the Depression, the next generation o Bensons was orced tosell the herd o registered dairy cows. For several years they raised sheepand then went into the cattle business. The old barn still played a partin their lives, rom storing hay and beet pulp to providing a strong beamor a rope swing that children loved to swing on. The current Benson hasgirded up the structure o the barn with metal cables and wooden beamsto make sure it lasts another generation.

Address: 2003 East 800 South

Viewing directions: View rom 800 South.GPS Coordinates: 4204.916 N. 11149.641 W. (viewpoint)


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16 A. C. Hull BarnWhitney, ca. 1916-1922

Robert McClellan Hull and his wie Mary Ann Chadwick armedin Franklin and Whitney beore moving in 1875 to this homestead in

Whitney. They had a large amily o ten children. Eventually, this areacame to be called Hulls Crossing. The main street into Whitney bearsthis name today.

Robert died at the age o ty, and Mary Ann and her childrenmanaged the arm ater that. As each o the children married, theyreceived a tract o land. A. C. Hull and his wie Ella Maughan took overthis portion o the armstead, and a brother LeRoy armed an adjacentsection. In about 1916 to 1922, the brothers built matching barns oneach o their arms, using lumber harvested rom Cub River Canyon.LeRoys barn later burned down. The arched roos o the barns weredesigned to carry a maximum load o loose hay. They had modernstanchions and were considered state-o-the-art dairy barns.

A.C. and Ella had eight children. Their oldest son Tom managed the

arm rom the time he was sixteen years oldwhile his ather worked on other ventures.Forty head o cows were milked in the barn.They milked by hand at rst, then later usedSurge bucket milkers.

The barn provided memorableopportunities or both work and play. Thejob o shoveling manure, as well as other

chores, ell to the children. Ater their chores were done, they rode calvesrodeo style in the barn and made swings with the ropes o the Jacksonork. Several people took their turns alling o the barn or rom placesinside. Tom ell rom the main lot window while doing some work on theJackson ork and was knocked unconscious. The children suered variousalls inside and one few out a lower window rom the rope swing, buteveryone survived. The large ventilators on the barn roo provided placeswhere two children could hide.

Tom and his younger brother Robert partnered on the arm untilToms retirement. The arm has remained in Roberts amily to the presenttime and has been designated as an Idaho Century arm. His son andgrandson, both named Robert, currently milk eighty cows in the moderndairy barn. The Hulls also raise 200-300 head o bee cattle and growalala and barley.

The original wood shingles on the barn were replaced with tin. Once,because the roo o the barn swayed, the trusses were reinorced romthe inside. The old barn is used or storage and oce space.

Address: Hulls Crossing 1503 South 1600 EastViewing directions: View rom 1600 East.GPS Coordinates: 4204.113 N. 11150.254 W. (viewpoint)

Top: A Holstein cow poses or the camera at one o the movable mangers that allow thearmer to change the gathering places o cows, thus ertilizing dierent areas o the pasturewith their manure.


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17 Malcolm Denton BarnTreasureton, ca. 1890s

Treasureton, named ater its rst postmaster, a Mr. Treasure, wassettled in 1868 by Mormons ollowing the orders o Brigham Young. It

was rough country to arm and live in. Accounts o early lie tell aboutthe heavy snows, rocky ground, coyotes, and snakes. A member o thecommunity was appointed to hunt game or the people to survive onwhile they established the settlement.

William Billie Griths was born in Coventry, England, in 1867 andcame to the United States with his parents when he was teen. Theycame rst to New York, then to Salt Lake, then to Clarkston in CacheValley. In 1890, William married Maggie Smith rom Cliton, and romthere they moved to Treasureton to homestead this site. Nine childrenwere born in the original home that used to be at this site. Later, theamily moved to Smitheld. There have been two or three owners othe arm since then. John A. Cole owned it soon ater the Griths, andIda Beth Dentons ather, Dick Ward, bought the arm in 1937. It has

belonged to Ida and her husband since Dick retired.It is thought that an original smaller section o the barn was built

in the early 1890s. Family records indicate that historically, it was an all-purpose barn, where cows and horses were sheltered and where hay wasstored. The Dentons milked a ew cows, raised wheat, alala, sheep, andpigs. Malcolm expanded the barn to meet modern needs. Adding a lean-to on the west side required a change in the pitch o the roo, so one sideis steeper than the other. A lean-to on the lower side o the barn sits onthe area that used to be the barnyard or the dairy cows, which enteredthe barn on that end to be milked. Sheep were sheltered in here ater theamily quit the dairy business. Every winter, Malcolm would install tall T-shaped posts inside the barn to give extra support to the roo under heavysnow. Metal sheathing on the north side protects the wood rom theweather.

Address: 10085 North Treasureton RoadViewing directions: View barn rom North Treasureton Road.GPS Coordinates: 4216.805 N. 11150.785 W. (viewpoint)

Above: The diagonal posts are the T-shaped supports that give the roo extra strength inwinter.


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Franklin County Barns18 Fred Egley Barn

Mink Creek, ca. 1913

Swiss immigrants Peter and Elizabeth Egley came to Mink Creek inabout 1879 and homesteaded this site on a knoll where their ruit treesand berries would benet rom the suns rst morning rays, and wherethey could harvest wild grass hay or their stock animals. A nearby streamprovided sh to eat, and they owned a ew sheep and cows. Their son,George Frederick (Fred), eventually built this gambrel roo barn on the

slope o the hill and addedopen mangers to the southside, where cows could loain the barnyard and be edloose hay conveniently romthe barn.

Fred drove a teamo horses on local damprojects, and on the arm,

milked several cows by hand.About ty gallons o milkin ten-gallon milk cans were

picked up every day and taken to the Sego plant in Preston. Fred wentout o the dairy business in the 1950s, and his son Bryce, who learnedto operate bulldozers as a young man at home and in the Army, workedon construction jobs and helped on the arm or many years, eventuallytaking over the arm ater his ather. Bryce and his son Kent continue toraise hay today, making the arm continuously amily owned. The barnhas been modied to be completely lled with baled hay.

Another building, the old Glencoe Ward church on the hill south othe highway, holds still more hay. It was transormed into a hay barn inthe 1960s, when Bryce bought it on bid. Bryce says that back when the

church house was being built my dad sold that ground to (the Mormonchurch) or one dollar and other valuable consideration. It was decidedthat the valuable consideration was the privilege o working on thebuilding. Today it stands or many good memories o activity in theGlencoe Ward, and is a practical storage space or the hay crop.

Address: 4713 East Hwy 36, Mink CreekViewing directions: View barn rom wide shoulder on north side o thehighway.GPS Coordinates: 4211.930 N. 11145.988 W. (viewpoint)

Let: The barn as it appears rom the road. Above: The view rom the housethe hay cropexceeds the capacity o the barn. Inset: The old Glencoe Ward church now used or haystorage.


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19 Alvin Petersen Intermountain BarnMink Creek, early 1900s

Annie Christena Larsen and her husband Peter Tony Petersen raisednine children on this site, which was homesteaded by Annies parents in

about 1877. In 1903, Peter let his eldest son, teen year old Alvin, incharge o the arm or a couple o years while he was away on a missionor the Mormon Church inDenmark. In 1909, when Alvinwas twenty-ve years old, hisparents moved to Logan and hepurchased the arm.

Alvin built a sawmill and thisIntermountain barn and ranboth operations protably ormany years. Alvin hired help tomilk cows while he ran the saw-mill, powered by Mink Creek,

in order to provide qualitylumber or local amilies. In the

late 1920s or early 1930s, the sawmill was destroyed by re and was notrestored.

No other members o the Petersen amily have lived at this site, butthe current owner, here since 1974, has made a substantial contributionto the preservation and use o the barn. Growing up in Mink Creek, DickJensen observed horse-powered arm work and neighbors helping eachother during the harvest. When his dairy was active, he milked thirty tothirty-ve cows in stanchions in the north lean-to o the barn. Whenpipelines and cooling tanks took over he went out o the dairy businessto raise quarter horses. Like many armers, Dick also had another jobhedrove the school bus or thirty-ve years.

Today, Dick ocuses his energies on raising horses, hay, and cattle, andstill relies on a good team o horses to eed his cattle during the winter.He says that in comparison to a tractor that can break down or get stuckin snow, a team o horses will always start. Modications that havebeen made on the barn include replacing old wood foors with cementand opening up the back o the barn to accommodate large bales o hay.

The historic granary seen on the northwest corner o the propertyis constructed o stacked two-by-oursa building technique commonin the late 1800s and early 1900s that creates tight strong walls, ableto withstand the pressure o hundreds o pounds o stored grain. A beeboard kept on the south gable end o the granary is tended by a localretired armer interested in raising bees.

Address: 6968 East Mink Creek ParkwayViewing directions: View barn rom either side o East Mink Creek Parkway.GPS Coordinates: 4213.544 N. 11142.090 W. (viewpoint)

Top: Bucket milkers hang on the wall o the milking parlor. Bottom: A closeup o the cornero the granary showing the joints o the horizontal 2x4s.


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20 Martinus/LaMonte Larsen BarnMink Creek, ca. 1946

Mads Martinus Larsen was born in 1886 in Glencoe. His parents wereborn in Denmark and an older brother was born on the ship Nevada as

it made its way across the Atlantic Ocean to America. Martinus marriedAnna Matilda Birch, and in about 1919 they purchased this site andbegan arming, raising a amily o ve children.

The earliest buildings on this site included a chicken coop, an animalonly barn and a cow barn or lean-to shed or milking cows. An earlierhay barn was torn down and eventually replaced with the current mainbay. This was begun while Martinus was still alive and completed by hissons a ew years ater his death. Ater their mother retired rom the arm,it was sold to son LaMonte, who made his living the way his parents had.LaMonte armed with horses well ater the advent o tractors, preerringthe dependability o horses or arming on the rocky slopes o MinkCreek.

The barn is banked into the hillside, necessitating that the cement

oundation walls range rom ve eet high on the north to one oot onthe south. Inside, the foor plan refects the slope o the hill. Placing thelot over the lower north end made it more accessible or hay removalrom the inside, and the downward slope o the foor in the west-fankingmanger allowed or easier removal o animal waste. Hay was loaded intothe barn with a Jackson ork rom the south end and piled in three areasinside the barn or distribution into the mangers on the west side.

The outside covering o the barn eatures diagonal siding, seenrequently throughout southeastern Idaho. The appeal o the diagonalsiding was that it stabilized the walls and structure o the barn, makingit less vulnerable to leaning. LaMonte was always proud o the newtechnology o the structure inside this spacious gambrel roo barn. Thedouble curbs and laminated raters without heavy cross timbers allowed

the storage o larger amounts o loose hay, even though the overall sizeo the barn remained compact.

In the Mink Creek Book of Remembrance, LaMontes wie Violetwrote: We live in the old home that was previously owned by Montesather. We have a ew milk cows, some pasture land and raise hay andgrain. We have worked hard, put in a lot o long hours, but have beenwell paid or our labors as we reap our harvest each year. Hay is selling or$50.00 a ton, grain or $3.42 a bushel and milk or $9.00 a hundred thisyear.

La Montes son Glade is the third generation to own the barn.

Address: The barn is situated on the hill southwest o the intersection o Birch

Creek and North Capital Hill Roads.Viewing directions: View barn rom Birch Creek Road.GPS Coordinates: 4213.563 N. 11143.049 W. (viewpoint)

Large photo: The eldworkers dog, Cisco, checks out a spacious horse stall. Upper inset: Theuphill (south) side o the barn rom which hay was loaded, showing the slope o the land.Lower inset: The view rom the road on the downhill side.


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21 Dwight Wilde BarnMink Creek, early 1900s

The Dwight Wilde barn at the east end o Birch Creek Road sits onground homesteaded by John Barus in the late nineteenth century. It has

been owned by two generations o the Barusamily and two generations o Wildes. The barnused to have a gambrel roo that accommodatedloose hay loaded with a Jackson ork. As time andweather took its toll, Dwight re-engineered theroo to its present gabled conguration.

The barn now has openings on the east sideor a hay elevator to load baled hay, and manand animal doors on the north side. The innerstructure eatures three main cribs and bracedmortise and tenon and wood peg joinery. A roomunder the south lot that was used or raisingchickens has a log ceiling and cement fooring.

Jay says that barn used to be the center o our lives here on thearm. We milked the cows and kept the horses there and spent allsummer putting hay up there and all winter taking it out. When Jay wasa boy, they used loose hay and armed with horses. Thats how he learnedhow to ride a horse. Controlling a derrick horse takes some pretty goodcoordination, when you stop and think about it. The action is on oppositeends o the barn and there had to be some coordination. Jay says he canstill hear his dad shout grufy, Go ahead! when it was time to movethe horse.

Many barns in southeastern Idaho display the brand o the owner.Jay put his athers brand on the barn in remembrance o him. Thesignicance o the brand is more practical than ull o meaning. When hisdad bought the arm in the 1930s, he ound an old branding iron. It was

a six with a quarter-circle over it. This brand was no longer available touse, so he turned it upside down and fattened the quarter circle out tothe V under the nine.

Currently, the barn is used or storing hay or quarter horses thataccompany Jay everywhere in his work as a cattle rancher. Jay believesin utilizing this rocky ground or what he says it is best suited cattlegrazing. Sound practices like managing perennial grasses and intensivegrazing and moving o the cattle have helped to conserve the soil andensure healthy pastureland. In the all o each year, Jay is out on the rangedoing what he loves bestworking with his cattle on horseback andgetting them rounded up or the move to their winter range in GlennsFerry.

Address: 7188 East Birch Creek RoadViewing directions: View rom East Birch Creek Road.GPS Coordinates: 4213.559 N. 11142.086 W. (viewpoint)

Let: A view o part o the barns post and beam construction, which eatures huge timbers tosupport the weight o the barn, joined with wooden pegs. Inset: The barn beore its roofinewas modied. Photo courtesy Jay Wilde.


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Caribou County Map

Inset: One Hill o Potatoes. Photo courtesy o the Idaho State Historical Society, 73-221.1662.Bisbee, photographer.


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Caribou County Barns

22 Michael Mickelson Monitor Roo BarnLago, early 1900s

Michael Mickelson was eight years old in 1881 when he came withhis parents rom Denmark to Gentile Valley. His parents, Antone Peter andBergetta Mickelson, homesteaded near this site. When Antone died nineyears later, Michael took care o his mother and six siblings, making surethey had enough to eat. Michael also had a sawmill in Ant Canyon easto here, sheared sheep, and milked cows or a living. He married SarahEmaline Harris in 1899.

In about 1910, Michael and his step-ather built this monitor-roobarn on the blu above Trout Creek. There are only a ew monitor-roo dairy barns in the Intermountain West. The monitor roo is mostoten seen in manuacturing buildings o the late nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries. The raised section inside the ridge o the rootopallows more natural light and ventilation inside the barn. The monitorhoused the track or the Jackson ork, leaving more space available insidethe lot. Michaels youngest son, Franklin Michael, born in 1921, describes

the barn in detail:The barn is 60 x 30, and thirty-two eet to the top. Going in thenorth end, there was a small passage on the let to get to the ront othe stalls to eed the horses. Then there were two double stalls or teams,with oat boxes or each horse, and one single stall. On the right side wasa harness room and the single stall with a double stall next to it. Thenthere was a sliding door to seal o the cow barn rom the horse barn.There were cow stalls on the let, three eet wide, and their heads werenot locked in. There was a chain at the rear o each cow. There wereeleven stalls and a walkway to go to eed them.

On the let side was a box stall and a grain bin. Then the southwestcorner was a garage. I remember our old Essex as a rag top, and thenour 1926 Buick Master Six, with snap-on Isinglass side panels, i you had

to keep out the rain. This was later changed to pens or our sheep, or touse to give birth to their lambs. The grain bin was also converted and aew years later, the cow stalls and sheep pens were reversed and we putin cow stalls on both sides acing center. Ater I was married I reversed itagain, and poured a concrete foor. In 1951, I built the block wall barn(Grade A milk barn) and converted the old cow stalls to cal pens.

The tongue-and-groove siding on this barn makes it more wind-proo,yet its position on the hill may have been intended to catch winds comingout o the canyon, providing good ventilation through the louvers on themonitor roo.

Address: On the blu near 2163 North Lago Road

Viewing directions: View barn rom North Lago Road.GPS Coordinates: 4226.993 N. 11142.443 W. (viewpoint) Large photo: A view o the interior o the barn looking northwest. Small photo: A view o theexterior rom the veiwpoint. Photo by Angela I. Nielson.


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Caribou County Barns23 John Peter Sorensen Intermountain Barn

Lago, beore 1900

John Peter Sorensen emigrated rom Denmark in 1869 with hisparents and settled in Bear Lake County. He met and married SenaCatherine Mikkelsen in Logan in 1879. When they rst moved to Lago tohomestead, they lived in a two-room log cabin, where they had their rstour children.

As their amily grew to ourteen children, they raised hay, oats,wheat, barley, range cattle, hogs, sheep, milk cows, and chickens. Theyhad a garden and an orchard with apples, crabapples, blue plums,gooseberries, English currants, and small sweet pears. In the summer theyharvested continuous crops o hay. The children could earn twenty centsa day working during the haying season. John had a small store at thehouse where he sold candy, nuts, and soda water. This was later sold toW. H. Bassett when he became postmaster. It became the rst generalmercantile store and post oce in Lago.

Inside the large Intermountain barn the hay was put up with a

Jackson ork. There were stalls or horses and stanchions or milking, aswell as a machine shop. John also had a blacksmith shop, a butcheringgallows, a granary, corrals, and sheds on his arm. For income hebutchered meat or neighbors, made repairs on equipment, milked cows,put up his own and other peoples hay, and drove a team o horses or theBassett Brothers Stage Lines.

The younger children were allowed ree time ater completing theirassigned chores and spent many hours outdoors and playing in the barn.Once, the girls got into mischie in the barn when they let their sisterFlorence hanging rom the raters on a hay-rope swing and ran away.Frightened, she tried to think o how she could get o the swing, climbonto the roo, and jump down, but beore she had to do it, her sistersrelented and let her down saely.

In 1906, just a ew years ater nishing a new teen-room house orhis amily, John died suddenly o a gall bladder attack. With the oldestchildren doing the heaviest work, Sena Catherine stayed on the arm untilabout 1916, then sold the arm to her oldest son and moved to Logan.

Some time in the early 1920s, Harry Steele, a ormer reighter romsouth o Salt Lake, made a three-way trade with the Sorensens andanother amily to acquire the Sorensen property. The arm was passed onto one o his children and has remained in the Steele amily ever since.The current owners have restored the historic house and continue toranch and arm. The Steeles registered the Sorensens S Quarter Circlebrand, and it has been painted on the cupola o the barn or many years.

Address: 168 Lago-Liberty RoadViewing directions: View rom Lago-Liberty RoadGPS Coordinates: 4226.382 N. 11142.073 W. (viewpoint)

Top: An itinerant photographer photographed the Sorensen amily in ront o the barnaround the turn o the century. Photo courtesy o Virginia Sorenson Parker. Bottom: A photoo the barn today. The amily brand can be seen on the cupola. Photo by Angela I. Nielson.


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24 Charles H. Bassett Livery BarnLago, ca. 1900

Charles H. Bassett and his wie Mollie Lee moved rom Salt Lake Cityand acquired water rights in Trout Creek (later named Lago), Idaho, in1878. Charles persuaded his hal-brother William to join him there inestablishing homesteads. Eventually other Bassett brothers had ranches inLago, so that the area was sometimes called Bassett Valley.

William established a mercantile store in Trout Creek and was therst postmaster. He wanted to rename the area Sego because o theabundance o sego lilies, but when he led the application, the writingwas misread. It was registered as Lago, and the name stuck.

At this time, railroads were expanding into the region. Where theywere not yet established, people traveled by stagecoach. A grandsono William writes in his memoirs that Charles had diculty making aliving on the homestead so he took a temporary job on the new Utah-Northern Railroad coming into Idaho. At this time the scenic wonders oYellowstone Park were becoming well known all over the world, and the

Bassett brothers saw the need or a stage line to carry passengers, reight,and mail rom the railhead at Beaver Canyon [near the present towns oSpencer and Dubois] into the park... .

In the Daily Salt Lake Tribune o April 23, 1882, the Bassett brothersadvertised their service. It was said to be the shortest and best route romthe railroad to the Eden o America. The round-trip are or the 100-mile trip to Fire Hole at Yellowstone was twenty-ve dollars, and includedmeals and lodging or the nine-day excursion. The Bassett Brothers StageLines operated twenty-ve coaches and surreys rom 1882 to 1903.

Charles had the large home, a cattle barn, and other arm buildingsbuilt on this site. The cattle barn no longer exists. The cross gables o theremaining barn, rarely seen in the Intermountain West, are a refectiono gothic revival architecture that was popular in the United States rom

1840 to 1880. In the Midwest there are numerous cross-gabled barns,oten designed or horses. Charles used this barn as a livery stable. It hasa wooden foor in the center, fanked by several horse stalls on the sides.The north and south walls o the barn are doubled or greater warmthinside. The inside layer is placed on the diagonal, and the outside layer istongue and groove siding.

Originally hay was loaded into the spacious lot with a Jackson orkrom the west end and orked through openings in the foor or thehorses below. The 73 on the outside o the barn was the registeredBassett brand.

Address: 241 North Lago Road (Extension)Viewing directions: View barn rom the north on North Lago Road, or roman extension o North Lago Road going south along the east side o the site.GPS Coordinates: 4227.143 N. 11141.855 W. (viewpoint on North LagoRoad)

Upper: The diagonal siding on the interior can be seen in the lot. Lower: A view o the barn inwinter photographed by Angela I. Nielson.


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25 Joe Clegg Barn and GranaryBench, ca. 1927 and 1949

Joseph Clegg and our o his brothers settled here near where theirparents, Benjamin and Anna Jane Williams Clegg, homesteaded in 1885.Joe was a sel-taught builder o arm structures. His sons note that theirathers careully thought-out design is what has helped the barn lastthroughout the years. It was built in about 1927. Later, in about 1949, hebuilt the orty-oot-high granary. The timbers used or all o the historicbuildings were Douglas r harvested rom orests up Cheatbeck Canyoneast o the arm.

The sturdy bracing inside the lot is created by large 4x 4 timbersthat are heavily bolted at 45 angles to 10 x 10 support timbers that goall the way to cement ootings in the ground. This bracing supports heavycross timbers that divide the hay lot into our usable sections. The barnroo still has the original metal covering; wood shingles were never used.

There are three main areas inside the ground foor. The center consistso a large open area that was used to wean and pen newborn calves and

receive loose hay rom an opening in the lot. Three teams o work horsesand a ew horses or riding were stabled in stalls on the west side o thebarn. The east end o the ground level contains two rows o stanchionsused or eeding and milking eighteen Holstein cows. Joe Clegg designedthese stanchions to open and close simultaneously in one operation.

The Clegg children were required to help with various chores on thearm. When Joes son Keith was a young boy his job was to sit on thederrick horse and guide it back and orth to operate the cables to theJackson ork.

Joe milked eighteen cows by hand or many years and did most othe arming with teams o horses until about 1940, when he got hisrst rubber-tired tractor. In the early 1940s, Joe installed a Surge milkingsystem and operated his dairy until about 1960 when modern-day milk

cooling methods became a dairy arm requirement.The granary was always considered a prized possession o the Joe

Clegg arm. It was constructed using 2 x 4 boards stacked fat and nailedtightly together with 16-penny spikes to make a smooth, waterproo, andstrong wall. The granary contains our large grain bins. A ree-standingvertical chute houses a large belt with over 100 grain cups attached that,when rotating, would continuously scoop grain rom a pit located at thebottom o the chute to the top, where the grain would then be channeledto one o the our bins. The monitor-shaped cupola at the top is primarilyor ventilation.

Address: 598 Bench-Lago RoadViewing directions: View barn rom Niter-Bench Road.GPS Coordinates: 4230.166 N. 11140.279 W. (viewpoint) Top: Sheep can be seen behind the old wooden stanchions in the barn. Inset: The site as seenrom Niter-Bench Road. Bottom: A view o the barn rom the southeast.


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26 Elvin Hubbard Arch-Roo Dairy BarnNiter, ca. 1947

A Jackson ork was never used in this barn, identied with theQuarter Circle over EH brand. The arched-roo dairy barn was bankedinto the hillside and has a convenient space along its north side where aload o baled hay could be lited into the lot rom ground level.

The twentieth century development o light-weight balloon ramingallowed or the expansion o the hay lot without heavy supportingtimbers that took up space. Arched-roo dairy barns were sometimespackaged in kits and shipped rom the east, but local carpenters alsogured out how to build the curved trusses. Elvin Hubbard built his barnin 1947, probably with the help o a local builder. Charlie Hubbard sawedthe logs into lumber in his saw mill up Cheatbeck Canyon, just south ohere o Niter-Bench Road.

Elvins son Neil remembers that his ather milked between thirty andorty cows. For a long time they used bucket milkers and ten-gallon cans.They would strain the milk and put it in a cement water bath to keep it

cool. The milk would then be picked up daily by a milk truck and taken toa local processing plant. Later, they modernized and got a big compressor-cooled tank that could hold 75-100 gallons o milk. The milk pick-upswere then spread out to three or our times a week. Finally they went to apipeline milker until his ather sold the cows and quit the dairy in 1974.

Today, Neil is a ull-time armer, cattleman, and potato grower. Thepotatoes are stored in the modern cellars south

Documents

Idahobarnbook2nd Edition Final Copy