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ICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable DevelopmentICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable Development
- ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions- - ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions-
Koichi FujinumaMinistry of Internal Affairs and Communications
JAPAN
ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change Accra, Ghana, 7-8 July 2011
Global Warming and ICTGlobal Warming and ICT
Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting wider use of ICT
Improved energy efficiency Improved efficiency of production and consumption
Reduced movement of people and products
Environmental measurements and predictions
• ITS (Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights)• BEMS (Building energy management system)• HEMS (Household energy management system)
• Supply chain management • e-publication and distribution • Paperless office
• Radar for measuring CO2
• Sensing network • Global simulator
• Online shopping, online trading • Telework, TV conferencing• Music, video, and software distribution • e-applications (tax declarations, online receipts)
ICTs themselves produce CO2 emissions due to consumption of electrical power to operate equipment/systems.
On the other hand, ICT usage can contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions due to a marked improvement in the
efficiency of production, consumption and business, also that of traffic alternatives, and a reduction in traffic volume.
It is possible to make environmental measurements and predictions using ICT.
Use of ICT
General households
Offices/shops
Production/distribution/
transportation
2
The Great East Japan Earthquake 3
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Near-term electricity supply-demand forecast in TEPCO areas
Power Shortage in JAPANPower Shortage in JAPAN 4
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
ICT related solutions
Short-term solution・ Telecommuting・ Visualization of energy consumption
Long-term solution・ Smart meter・ Renewable energy
large-lot power users; midsized and small corporations; and households→ cut electricity use this summer by a uniform 15 percent from a year ago
5
The New Growth Strategy (Cabinet decision) (June, 2010)
Toward becoming the world’s top environment and energy power through a comprehensive policy packageJapan will play a leading role in a low-carbon society, having set a Japanese target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020 compared to the 1990 level; this target is premised on the creation of a fair and effective international framework that includes all major economies and an agreement on ambitious targets by each of them. Under an initiative to be known as “ Challenge 25, ” Japan will mobilize all possible policy tools to advance this initiative together with the Japanese people.
The New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology (May, 2010)
○ Goals for 2020 Smart grid network shall become a common practice. We shall also see the
home and business sectors reducing CO2 emission as the Information and communications technology-aided zero-energy buildings becomes a reality in typical new homes and in all new public buildings.
Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues)Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues) 5
MIC‘s “ICT Restoration Vision 2.0” ( April, 2010)
●● By around 2015, achieve 100% of “New
Broadband Super Highway” (all households use
broadband services).
●● Through the “Japan x ICT” strategy, achieve an
annual average potential growth rate of
approximately 2.6% over the next 10 years (2011 –
2020).
●● Achieve CO2 emissions reductions of more than
10% from 1990 levels by 2020 through the ICT.
Build the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based societyBuild the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based society
Maximize Japan’s potentialMaximize Japan’s potential
Make contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the worldMake contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the world
6
→ Promote ICT green
project
MIC’s ICT Green Project MIC’s ICT Green Project
Reducing CO2 emissions at companies and homes by
using ICT and making power consumption more efficient
1)Greening of the ICT system itself (Green of ICT) ・ Responding to increased power consumption by expanding usage of ICT systems (e.g., R&D to conserve
power in the overall system from carrier equipment to in-home equipment)
2)Greening of other fields through extensive use of ICT (Green by ICT) ・ E.g., formulation of communication standards for achieving early practical implementation of smart meters ・ Establishing best practices such as by demonstration testing to promote usage of ICT
1)International cooperation ・ Establishment of methodologies for evaluating GHG reductions by using ICTs and contribute to International
Organizations.
Carrier data center Communication
network
Office
Home
Reduction of COReduction of CO22 emissions emissions
3)3) International cooperation International cooperation (e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO (e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO 22 emissions) emissions)
7
Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT : R&D on “Green of ICT”: R&D on “Green of ICT”
Reduce power usage of ICT equipment in the home
Reduce power usage of general-purpose routers
Reduce power usage of large routers of carriers
Reduce power usage through optimal control of entire network by carriers
Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from carrier equipment to in-home equipmentcarrier equipment to in-home equipment
Ultra high-speed optical edge node
High-speed, power-saving network node
Power-saving broadband set-up technology
High-reliability, power-saving network control technology to support cloud services
ApplicationTechnology
Sleeping network
Nationwide network of carriers
Control the number of routers used in accordance with the traffic volume
Discovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissionsDiscovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissionsthrough a competitive funding systemthrough a competitive funding system
Home Office bldg.
8
Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT : Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field: Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field
(1) Equipment ・ Small routers ・ L2 switches ・ Transport equipment (WDM) ・ PON equipment ( GE-PON ) ・
Broadband base station equipment (WiMAX)・ External power supplies (AC adapters) ・ Server equipment
An estimate based on evaluation indicators was determined on a 5 point scale, and the ranking was indicated by number of stars (★ -★★★★★). Of these, two stars (★★) was taken to be the rank including the standard value.
(2) Data centersFor the moment, PUE was adopted as one indicator of energy conservation at data centers.※
* PUE ( Power Usage Effectiveness) = Power consumption of entire facility/Power consumption of ICT
Evaluation standards for equipment and data centers
“Self-evaluation checklist” and “Eco ICT Mark”
Telecommunications carriers evaluate their own efforts to reduce CO2 emissions according to a checklist, and publish the efforts they are making.
If a company describes their specific efforts for all mandatory items, then they can use the “Eco ICT Mark”
Members of the Conference on Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field
・ Telecommunications Carriers Association ・ Communications and Information Network Association of Japan ・ Telecom Services Association・ ASP and SaaS Industry Consortium ・ Japan Internet Providers Association
* MIC participates as an observer.
9
Green of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data CentersGreen of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data Centers
As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by conducting highly effective demonstration experiments.
As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by conducting highly effective demonstration experiments.
Heat
Cooling through air conditioners
Cooling through introduction of outside air
Air-conditioning method using outside air, and snow and ice,
etc.Data Center in central Tokyo suburbs
PUE1.5 ~ 2.5
Data Center in low-temperature region
PUE1.2 ~ 1.5
High-speed network
Virtualization (shared platform)
PUE/CO2 emissions surveillance/management server
Weather data
Integrated operations and management using cloud technology
電源設備 IT機器内
DC300V以上
3.3Vetc.
DC|DC
AC|DC商
用電源 高圧直流受電
CO2
CO2
High-voltage DC power supply system
Conversion loss, small
Ventilation air conditioning
Evaporative air conditioning
Conventional air conditioning
Direct air conditioning
Combinations of different air conditioning methods and their efficient operation
Management server
10Co
mm
erci
al g
rid
Power supply facilities
DC 300V or more
Within IT devices
Heat
Heat
Copyright(c) 2010 日本電信電話株式会社
750
1256
652
597 723
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2005 2012 2020
x 10
0,00
0,00
0 kW
h
Year
Annual power consumption
Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT : : Reducing power consumption in the ICT fieldReducing power consumption in the ICT field
◆: No Action case■ : New Measures case
Communication Communication 440 + 440 + broadcasting 157broadcasting 157
Communication Communication 570 570 + broadcasting 180+ broadcasting 180
Communication Communication 1057 + broadcasting 1991057 + broadcasting 199
Communication Communication 573 573 + broadcasting 150+ broadcasting 150
Communication Communication 502502 + broadcasting + broadcasting 150150
・ In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to increased ICT usage.
・ In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons (72.3 billion kWh).
・ In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to increased ICT usage.
・ In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons (72.3 billion kWh).
* CO* CO22 emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO22/kWh/kWh
(51.50 million t-CO2 )
53.3 billion kWh/yr( 21.85 million t -CO2 )
( 29.66 million t-CO2 )
11
Green-by-ICTGreen-by-ICT : : Efforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissionsEfforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissions
BEMS
Home
Store
Office
Factory
Transportation
Related policies
●●Special Ubiquitous Area Project(Demonstration of environmental home account book using ASP/SaaS, and appliance state monitoring service using PLC etc. )
●●Investigation and demonstration of ITS systems for realizing a low-carbon society
●●Investigation and research on next-generation telecommuting environments
●●Demonstration experiments on shared systems for telecommuting
Etc.
12
HEMS
ITS
E -Commerce
teleworking
Smart grid
Green-by-ICT: teleworkingGreen-by-ICT: teleworking 13
7.1 7.610.8
15.719.0 3.2 2.2
3.5
5.24.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005年 2006年 2007年 2008年 2009年
具体的導入計画あり
We shall advance the development of an appropriate environment and public education to help promote teleworking. Teleworking contributes to prompting the aged and physically impaired to engage with the world, creating employment opportunities for persons of diverse employment needs — for example, women who are forced to stay home to raise their children or to care for someone — and revitalizing local communities. Timetable: Reach 7 million home-based teleworkers by 2015
Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,” IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,” IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010
Teleworkers accounted for 15.3 percent of the total labor force in 2009 (“Telework Population Survey 2009,” Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)
Telework had been introduced at 19.0 percent of private businesses in 2009 (“Telecommunications Usage Trend Survey 2009,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Reference: State of Telework Adoption in JapanReference: State of Telework Adoption in Japan
Home-based teleworkers: ~3.27 million (2009)
Employed Self-Employed Total Percentage of home-based teleworkers
Have specific telework plans
cloudcloud
IPv6 net
work
IPv6 net
work
Monitoring/Control center
14
Data center
To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization of consumption.
To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization of consumption.
Green-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart CommunityGreen-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart Community
Verification of security issues in cloud system
Verification of best approach for management/protection of data in cloud system
Verification of network combination suited to local characteristics Establish necessary
technical standards
In-home network
Points to be demonstrated (Examples)
Radio frequency band available in local area (white space)
Neighborhood network
Wide area network
Data center
Data center
Projects promoting the standardization of integrated network-based control systems
Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture (Tohoku University, etc.)Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment.
Projects constructing regional ICT system infrastructure that mitigates environmental impact
Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture (Hirosaki University, etc.)Constructed and demonstrated an ICT system that measures electric power usage with sensors in each home to make electricity usage more efficient and optimal with the use of a system that simulates demand forecasts within a regional network cloud.
Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture (Kajima Corporation, etc.)Verified technical specifications for home communications in residential districts and verified the potential for a unique Japanese smart grid that targets multiple energy and resource modalities, such as electricity, gas, water, and automobiles.
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture (NTT West Japan, etc.)Confirmed the reliability and security of communication networks for community-based energy-management systems, made it possible to visualize energy consumption, and verified the contribution this made on lowering environmental impact.
Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture (Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, etc.)Constructed specifications for the visualization of energy consumption and data-based simulation of forecasts of electric power usage in a local community centered on a hospital. Also examined and simulated regional energy storage data systems and electric power transfer systems that will be needed in the future.
List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects)List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects)
Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture (Keio University, etc.)Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).
15
Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environmentConstructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment
16
Kurihara was formed with the 2005 merger of nine towns and one village
Kurihara was formed with the 2005 merger of nine towns and one village
市役所
支所
約約2020kmkm市役所
支所
約約2020kmkm
10 municipal offices (administrative functions) are spread out in a 20-kilometer radius of the main town hall
Special characteristics Residences and municipal offices
(administrative functions) are spread over a broad area
Residents near Mt. Kurikoma and other regions are far from any municipal office
Sendai
Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011)magnitude 6: Kurikoma, Semine
~~4040 km (wider in the east-west direction than km (wider in the east-west direction than Tokyo’s 23 wards)Tokyo’s 23 wards)
Example 1. Pilot Project in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
Municipal office
~20 kam Town hall
Emission Reduction
(percentage)
Contributing factors assumed in the calculation of CO2 emission reductions (percentage)
11.2%
Monitoring of energy consumption by ICT systems Cloud (monitoring of energy consumption by
buildings)
Example 2. Pilot Project in Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture
Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).Project Results:・ Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls・ Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields
Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).Project Results:・ Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls・ Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields
Pilot Project OverviewAir conditioning on/off controls
Input data• RFID data on room entry/exit• Temperature and humidity data• Room-comfort survey data• Predictive simulations↓Cut building’s CO2 emissions by more than 10 percent
HVAC control dataDevices outside
climate-controlled rooms Meters
Electricity data
Shared platform
Resource manage-
ment server
Fukue Port terminal building
Air-flow sensor
Temperature and humidity sensors
Lighting intensity sensor
Environment sensor data(temperature, humidity,
lighting intensity, air flow)
Private communication
network (IP-VPN)
University (remote location)
EV charging data
Charging station
Solar power data
Solar panels
Fukue Port parking lot
17
Emission Reduction (percenta
ge)
Contributing factors assumed in the calculation of CO2
emission reductions (percentage)
15.8%Control of Air conditioning equipment in the Port terminal
Example of Further Regional Deployments Based on the Regional Pilot Projects’ Results 18
Full ICT utilization in homes (i.e., HEMS, visualization of energy consumption)
HEMS and other regional energy network centers
HEMS
Electric appliance data
Energy monitors (devices for viewing energy consumption)Smart meter dataHome fuel cell (FC) data/controls
EV charging data/controls
Lighting controlsHVAC data/controlsRoom temperature/occupancy sensors
HEMS
HEMS
Electric vehicle (EV)
HEMS
BEMS
BEMS
Full ICT utilization in the business sector (i.e., BEMS, FEMS, and SCM)
networking regional systems
Smart community
Coordination of clean energy sources and EV systems
Smartphone monitoring/controls
Fast-charging station
EV car-sharing
Solar power data
Housing complex cloud center
Evaluation Field Application
2020( BaU )
2020( New Measure Case )
10000 t -CO2
Percentage (%)
10000 t -CO2
Percentage (%)
E-commerce(B2C)
Online shopping 805 0.6 805 0.6 e-tickets for air travel 7 0.0 7 0.0 Purchasing of event and other tickets at convenience stores 6 0.0 6 0.0
ATM terminals 598 0.5 598 0.5
E-commerce(B2B)Online trading 605 0.5 1456 1.2 Supply chain management 2289 1.8 2289 1.8 Second-hand market 644 0.5 1863 1.5
Digital Content
Music content 213 0.2
653 0.5Video content 119 0.1Computer software 97 0.1Newspapers/magazines 165 0.1Digital patient records - - 84 0.1 Paperless office - - 130 0.1
Passenger transportTeleworking 77.2 0.1 103 0.1 Video-conferences 1169 0.9 1181 0.9 Remote monitoring of vending machines 2 0.0 2 0.0
Automobile traffic ITS(Intelligent Transportation system) 1220 1.0 1332 1.1
E-government (national and local)
Electronic tender processes 6 0.0 6 0.0 e-applications—tax returns 25 0.0 25 0.0 e-applications—online statements 2 0.0 2 0.0
Energy usageBEMS,HEMS 1430 1.1 2393 1.9 Smart grids (other than above) - - 2240 1.8 Optimized motor control - - 370 0.3
Total 9480 7.5 15545 12.3 Note)a percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions in Japan for 1990Note)a percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions in Japan for 1990
At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures case).
At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures case).
Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the use of ICTuse of ICT
19
% r
elat
ive
to t
otal
CO
2 e
mis
sion
s in
Jap
an in
FY
1990
2.4 % 2.4 %
4.1 %
7.5 %
5.4 %
-14.0
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
2012 2020 Additional measures in 202012.3%
BaU* New measures*
30 million t -CO2 30 million t -CO2
CO2 emissions from the use of CO2 emissions from the use of ICT devicesICT devices (Green (Green of ICT) of ICT)
51 million t-CO2
CO2 emission reduction by the CO2 emission reduction by the utilization of ICTutilization of ICT (Green by ICT)(Green by ICT)
155 million t -CO295 million t -CO268 million t-CO2 Net CO2 emissions
due to ICT = 125 million t-CO2 (10%)
Estimate of reductions in CO2 emissionsEstimate of reductions in CO2 emissions
○ Green by ICT ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent
to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levels in JAPAN. ○ Green of ICT In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to
reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012.
○ Green by ICT ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent
to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levels in JAPAN. ○ Green of ICT In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to
reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012.
Electric power consumption rate: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh
BaU: Business as Usual (Green of ICT): No new measures to reduce CO2 from ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage (by ICT) maintained at current levelsNew measures: New effective measures taken to reduce CO2 generated by ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage expands into other fields, with maximum effort
made to promote usage of ICT
CO2 emissions from all ICT fields, and reduction effect in CO2 emissions through utilization of ICT
20
ICTs contribute to energy saving in various socio economic activities
○○Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving ○○Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating environmental loadsenvironmental loads
ConclusionConclusion 21