ictmpresentation.pptx

8/15/2019 ictmpresentation.pptx

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ICTM NETWORK TYPES

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES TRANSMISSION MEDIA

PRESENTERS

TUSHAR PAL(M818) SANCHIT SHANDILYA(M824) NAKUL YADAV(M836)

AVNEESH BHATIA(M846)


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What is a ComputerNetwork ?

A system of interconnectedcomputers nd computeri!ed

perip"er#s suc" s printers is c##edcomputer net$or%& T"isinterconnection mon' computersfci#ittes informtion s"rin'mon' t"em& (omputers myconnect to ec" ot"er )y eit"er$ired or $ire#ess medi&


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Classifcation o Computer Networks

Geo'rp"ic# spn

Inter*connecti+ity

Administrtion

Arc"itecture


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Georaphical Span

Georaphicall! a network can "e seen in one o the ollowincateories#

It my )e spnned cross your t)#e, mon' -#uetoot"

en)#ed de+ices,& Rn'in' not more t"n fe$ meters&

It my )e spnned cross $"o#e )ui#din', inc#udin'intermedite de+ices to connect ## .oors&

It my )e spnned cross $"o#e city&

It my )e spnned cross mu#tip#e cities or pro+inces&

It my )e one net$or% co+erin' $"o#e $or#d&


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Inter$Connecti%it!

(omponents of net$or% cn )e connected to ec" ot"erdi/erent#y in some fs"ion& -y connectedness $e men eit"er#o'ic##y , p"ysic##y , or )ot" $ys&

E+ery sin'#e de+ice cn )e connected to e+ery ot"er de+ice on

net$or%, m%in' t"e net$or% mes"&

A## de+ices cn )e connected to sin'#e medium )ut'eo'rp"ic##y disconnected, creted )us #i%e structure&

Ec" de+ice is connected to its #eft nd ri'"t peers on#y, cretin'#iner structure&

A## de+ices connected to'et"er $it" sin'#e de+ice, cretin' str#i%e structure&

A## de+ices connected r)itrri#y usin' ## pre+ious $ys toconnect ec" ot"er, resu#tin' in "y)rid structure&


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&'ministration

0rom n dministrtor1s point of+ie$, net$or% cn )e pri+te

net$or% $"ic" )e#on's sin'#eutonomous system nd cnnot )eccessed outside its p"ysic# or#o'ic# domin&A net$or% cn )epu)#ic $"ic" is ccessed )y ##&


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Network &rchitecture

(omputer net$or%s cn )e discriminted into +rioustypes suc" s (#ient*Ser+er , peer*to*peer or "y)rid,dependin' upon its rc"itecture&

T"ere cn )e one or more systems ctin' s Ser+er& Ot"er)ein' (#ient, re2uests t"e Ser+er to ser+e re2uests& Ser+ert%es nd processes re2uest on )e"#f of (#ients&

T$o systems cn )e connected Point*to*Point, or in )c%*to*

)c% fs"ion& T"ey )ot" reside t t"e sme #e+e# nd c##edpeers&

T"ere cn )e "y)rid net$or% $"ic" in+o#+es net$or%rc"itecture of )ot" t"e )o+e types&


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(ihlihts

Gener##y, net$or%s redistin'uis"ed )sed on t"eir

'eo'rp"ic# spn& A net$or% cn )es sm## s distnce )et$een yourmo)i#e p"one nd its -#uetoot""edp"one nd s #r'e s t"einternet itse#f, co+erin' t"e $"o#e'eo'rp"ic# $or#d&


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Personal &rea Network

A Person# Are Net$or%3PAN4 is sm##est net$or%$"ic" is +ery person# to user&

T"is my inc#ude -#uetoot"en)#ed de+ices or infr*reden)#ed de+ices&

PAN "s connecti+ity rn'eup to 56 meters&

PAN my inc#ude $ire#esscomputer %ey)ord ndmouse, -#uetoot" en)#ed

"edp"ones, $ire#essprinters nd T7 remotes&

r e8mp#e, Piconet is -#uetoot"*en)#ed Person# Are Net$or% $"ic" my contin up to 9 de+ices connected to'et"er in mster*s#+e fs"io


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)ocal &rea Network

Devices used: Personalcomputers, Switches, Servercomputer.

A computer net$or% spnned inside )ui#din' nd operted under sin'#e

dministrti+e system is 'ener##ytermed s Loc# Are Net$or% 3LAN4&

:su##y , LAN co+ers n or'ni!tion1o;ces, sc"oo#s, co##e'es oruni+ersities&

Num)er of systems connected in LANmy +ry from s #est s t$o to smuc" s 5< mi##ion&

LAN pro+ides usefu# $y of s"rin't"e resources )et$een end users& T"eresources suc" s printers, =#eser+ers, scnners, nd internet reesi# s"r)#e mon com uters

t t


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etropo tan reaNetwork

Devices used: Personal computers,Switches, Routers, Servercomputer.

T"e Metropo#itn Are Net$or% 3MAN4

'ener##y e8pnds t"rou'"out citysuc" s c)#e T7 net$or%&

It cn )e in t"e form of Et"ernet, To%en*rin', ATM, or 0i)er Distri)utedDt Interfce 30DDI4&

Metro Et"ernet is ser+ice $"ic" ispro+ided )y ISPs& T"is ser+ice en)#esits users to e8pnd t"eir Loc# AreNet$or%s

For example, MAN cn "e#p n

or'ni!tion to connect ## of its o;cesin city&


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Wi'e &rea Network

Devices used: Personalcomputers, Switches,Routers, High speedtransmission media(feroptics!, Server computer.

As t"e nme su''ests, t"eWide Are Net$or% 3WAN4co+ers $ide re $"ic" myspn cross pro+inces nde+en $"o#e country&

Gener##y, te#ecommuniction

net$or%s re Wide AreNet$or%&

T"ese net$or%s pro+ide

connecti+ity to MANs ndLANs&


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T!pes o Network on the "asis o topolo!

A Net$or% Topo#o'y is t"errn'ement $it" $"ic" computer

systems or net$or% de+ices reconnected to ec" ot"er&

Topo#o'ies my de=ne )ot" p"ysic#nd #o'ic# spect of t"e net$or%&-ot" #o'ic# nd p"ysic# topo#o'iescou#d )e sme or di/erent in sme

net$or%&


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Point$to$Point

Point*to*point net$or%s continse8ct#y t$o "osts suc" scomputer, s$itc"es or routers,ser+ers connected )c% to )c%usin' sin'#e piece of c)#e&

Often, t"e recei+in' end of one

"ost is connected to sendin'end of t"e ot"er nd +ice*+ers&

If t"e "osts re connected point*

to*point #o'ic##y, t"en my"+e mu#tip#e intermeditede+ices& -ut t"e end "osts reun$re of under#yin' net$or%nd see ec" ot"er s if t"eyre connected direct#y&


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*us Topolo!

In cse of -us topo#o'y, ## de+icess"re sin'#e communiction #ine orc)#e&

-us topo#o'y my "+e pro)#em$"i#e mu#tip#e "osts sendin' dt tt"e sme time& T"erefore, -us

topo#o'y eit"er uses (SMA>(Dtec"no#o'y or reco'ni!es one "ost s-us Mster to so#+e t"e issue&

It is one of t"e simp#e forms ofnet$or%in' $"ere fi#ure of de+ice does not /ect t"e ot"er

de+ices& -ut fi#ure of t"e s"redcommuniction #ine cn m%e ##ot"er de+ices stop functionin'&

-ot" ends of t"e s"red c"nne# "+e#ine termintor& T"e dt is sent inon#y one direction nd s soon s it

rec"es t"e e8treme end, t"etermintor remo+es t"e dt from t"e


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Star Topolo!

A## "osts in Str topo#o'y reconnected to centr# de+ice, %no$ns "u) de+ice, usin' point*to*pointconnection& T"t is, t"ere e8ists pointto point connection )et$een "osts nd"u)&

"he hu device can e an# o$ the$ollowing:

Lyer*5 de+ice suc" s "u) or repeter Lyer*? de+ice suc" s s$itc" or )rid'e Lyer*@ de+ice suc" s router or

'te$y

As in -us topo#o'y, "u) cts s sin'#epoint of fi#ure& If "u) fi#s,connecti+ity of ## "osts to ## ot"er"osts fi#s&

E+ery communiction )et$een "osts,

t%es p#ce t"rou'" on#y t"e "u)&


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Rin Topolo!

In rin' topo#o'y, ec" "ost mc"ineconnects to e8ct#y t$o ot"ermc"ines, cretin' circu#r net$or%structure&

W"en one "ost tries to communicteor send mess'e to "ost $"ic" isnot dcent to it, t"e dt tr+e#st"rou'" ## intermedite "osts&

To connect one more "ost in t"e

e8istin' structure, t"e dministrtormy need on#y one more e8tr c)#e&

0i#ure of ny "ost resu#ts in fi#ure oft"e $"o#e rin'& T"us, e+eryconnection in t"e rin' is point of

fi#ure& T"ere re met"ods $"ic"emp#oy one more )c%up rin'&


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Mesh Topolo!

In t"is type of topo#o'y, "ost is connected toone or mu#tip#e "osts&T"is topo#o'y "s "ostsin point*to*point connection $it" e+ery ot"er"ost or my #so "+e "osts $"ic" re in point*to*point connection to fe$ "osts on#y&

Bosts in Mes" topo#o'y #so $or% s re#y for

ot"er "osts $"ic" do not "+e direct point*to*point #in%s.

%esh technolog# comes into two t#pes:

+ull MeshC A## "osts "+e point*to*pointconnection to e+ery ot"er "ost in t"e net$or%&

T"us for e+ery ne$ "ost n3n*54>? connections

re re2uired& It pro+ides t"e most re#i)#enet$or% structure mon' ## net$or%topo#o'ies&

Partiall! MeshC Not ## "osts "+e point*to*point connection to e+ery ot"er "ost& Bostsconnect to ec" ot"er in some r)itrri#y

fs"ion& T"is topo#o'y e8ists $"ere $e need topro+ide re#i)i#ity to some "osts out of ##&


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Tree Topolo! A#so %no$n s Hierarchical "opolog# , t"is is

t"e most common form of net$or% topo#o'y inuse present#y&

T"is topo#o'y imittes s e8tended Strtopo#o'y nd in"erits properties of )ustopo#o'y&

T"is topo#o'y di+ides t"e net$or% in tomu#tip#e #e+e#s>#yers of net$or%&

Min#y in LANs, net$or% is )ifurcted intot"ree types of net$or% de+ices& T"e #o$ermostis ccess*#yer $"ere computers re ttc"ed&

T"e midd#e #yer is %no$n s distri)ution#yer, $"ic" $or%s s meditor )et$een upper#yer nd #o$er #yer&

T"e "i'"est #yer is %no$n s core #yer, ndis centr# point of t"e net$or%, i&e& root of t"e

tree from $"ic" ## nodes for%&


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,ais! Chain

T"is topo#o'y connects ## t"e"osts in #iner fs"ion&

Simi#r to Rin' topo#o'y, ## "osts

re connected to t$o "osts on#y,

e8cept t"e end "osts&

Mens, if t"e end "osts in disyc"in re connected t"en itrepresents Rin' topo#o'y&

Ec" #in% in disy c"in topo#o'yrepresents sin'#e point of fi#ure&

E+ery #in% fi#ure sp#its t"enet$or% into t$o se'ments&

E+ery intermedite "ost $or%ss re#y for its immedite "osts&


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(!"ri' Topolo!

A net$or% structure $"ose desi'ncontins more t"n one topo#o'y is sidto )e "y)rid topo#o'y&

By)rid topo#o'y in"erits merits nddemerits of ## t"e incorportin'

topo#o'ies&

T"e side picture represents n r)itrri#y"y)rid topo#o'y&

T"e com)inin' topo#o'ies my continttri)utes of Str, Rin', -us, nd Disy*

c"in topo#o'ies&

Most WANs re connected )y mens ofDu#*Rin' topo#o'y nd net$or%sconnected to t"em re most#y Strtopo#o'y net$or%s&

Internet is t"e )est e8mp#e of #r'estBy)rid topo#o'y


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Transmission Me'ia

T"e trnsmission medi is not"in' )ut t"e p"ysic# medio+er $"ic" communiction t%es p#ce in computer

net$or%s&


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Manetic Me'ia

One of t"e most con+enient $y totrnsfer dt from one computer tonot"er, e+en )efore t"e )irt" ofnet$or%in', $s to s+e it on somestor'e medi nd trnsfer p"ysic#from one sttion to not"er&

T"ou'" it my seem o#d*fs"ion $y intody1s $or#d of "i'" speed internet,)ut $"en t"e si!e of dt is "u'e, t"em'netic medi comes into p#y&

0or e8mp#e, )n% "s to "nd#e nd

trnsfer "u'e dt of its customer,$"ic" stores )c%up of it t some'eo'rp"ic##y fr*$y p#ce forsecurity resons nd to %eep it fromuncertin c#mities& T"e WAN #in%smy not support suc" "i'" speed& E+enif t"ey do t"e cost too "i'" to /ord&

In t"ese cses, dt )c%up is stored


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Twiste' Pair Ca"le

A t$isted pir c)#e is mde of t$o p#sticinsu#ted copper $ires t$isted to'et"er toform sin'#e medi&

Out of t"ese t$o $ires, on#y one crriesctu# si'n# nd not"er is used for'round reference&

T"e t$ists )et$een $ires re "e#pfu# inreducin' noise 3e#ectro*m'neticinterference4 nd crosst#%&

"here are two t#pes o$ twisted paircales:

S"ie#ded T$isted Pir 3STP4 ()#e

:ns"ie#ded T$isted Pir 3:TP4 ()#e

STP c)#es comes $it" t$isted $ire pirco+ered in met# foi#& T"is m%es it moreindi/erent to noise nd crosst#%&

:TP "s se+en cte ories ec" suit)#e for


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Coa-ial Ca"le (o8i# c)#e "s t$o $ires of copper& T"e

core $ire #ies in t"e centre nd it is mde ofso#id conductor& T"e core is enc#osed in ninsu#tin' s"et"&

T"e second $ire is $rpped round o+er t"es"et" nd t"t too in turn encsed )yinsu#tor s"et"& T"is ## is co+ered )y p#stic

co+er&

-ecuse of its structure, t"e co8i# c)#e iscp)#e of crryin' "i'" fre2uency si'n#st"n t"t of t$isted pir c)#e&

T"e $rpped structure pro+ides it 'oods"ie#d 'inst noise nd cross t#%& (o8i#

c)#es pro+ide "i'" )nd$idt" rtes of up to6 m)ps&

T"ere re t"ree cte'ories of co8 i# c)#esnme#y,

RG-59 (C!"# TV)$ RG-58 (T%&' E%#'#)$ '*

RG-11 (T%&+, E%#'#) RG .'*. /0 R*&0

G0#'#'

()#es re connected usin' -N( connectornd -N(*T& -N( termintor is used to


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Power )ines Po$er Line communiction 3PL(4 is Lyer*5 3P"ysic#

Lyer4 tec"no#o'y $"ic" uses po$er c)#es totrnsmit dt si'n#s&

In PL(, modu#ted dt is sent o+er t"e c)#es& T"erecei+er on t"e ot"er end de*modu#tes ndinterprets t"e dt&

-ecuse po$er #ines re $ide#y dep#oyed, PL( cnm%e ## po$ered de+ices contro##ed nd monitored&PL( $or%s in "#f*dup#e8&

T"ere re t$o types of PL(C Nrro$ )nd PL( -rod )nd PL(

Nrro$ )nd PL( pro+ides #o$er dt rtes up to566s of %)ps, s t"ey $or% t #o$er fre2uencies 3@*666 %B!4&T"ey cn )e spred o+er se+er#%i#ometres&

-rod)nd PL( pro+ides "i'"er dt rtes up to566s of M)ps nd $or%s t "i'"er fre2uencies 35&9 H

?6 MB!4&T"ey cnnot )e s muc" e8tended sNrro$)nd PL(&


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+i"er .ptics 0i)er Optic $or%s on t"e properties of

#i'"t& W"en #i'"t ry "its t critic#n'#e it tends to refrcts t 6 de'ree& T"is property "s )een used in =)eroptic&

T"e core of =)er optic c)#e is mde of

"i'" 2u#ity '#ss or p#stic& 0rom oneend of it #i'"t is emitted, it tr+e#st"rou'" it nd t t"e ot"er end #i'"tdetector detects #i'"t strem ndcon+erts it to e#ectric dt&

0i)er Optic pro+ides t"e "i'"est mode

of speed& It comes in t$o modes, one is sin'#e

mode =)er nd second is mu#timode=)er&

Sin'#e mode =)er cn crry sin'#ery of #i'"t $"eres mu#timode is

cp)#e of crryin' mu#tip#e )ems of#i'"t&


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Ra'io Transmission

Rdio fre2uency is esier to 'enerte nd)ecuse of its #r'e $+e#en't" it cnpenetrte t"rou'" $##s nd structures #i%e&

Rdio $+es cn "+e $+e#en't" from 5 mmH 566,666 %m nd "+e fre2uency rn'in'from @ B! 3E8treme#y Lo$ 0re2uency4 to @66GB! 3E8treme#y Bi'" 0re2uency4& Rdio

fre2uencies re su)*di+ided into si8 )nds&

Rdio $+es t #o$er fre2uencies cn tr+e#t"rou'" $##s $"eres "i'"er R0 cn tr+e# instri'"t #ine nd )ounce )c%&

T"e po$er of #o$ fre2uency $+es decresess"rp#y s t"ey co+er #on' distnce& Bi'"

fre2uency rdio $+es "+e more po$er&

Lo$er fre2uencies suc" s 7L0, L0, M0 )ndscn tr+e# on t"e 'round up to 5666%i#ometres, o+er t"e ert"1s surfce&

Rdio $+es of "i'" fre2uencies re prone to)e )sor)ed )y rin nd ot"er o)stc#es& T"ey

use Ionosp"ere of ert" tmosp"ere& Bi'"fre2uency rdio $+es suc" s B0 nd 7B0

Microwa%e


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Microwa%eTransmission

E#ectrom'netic $+es )o+e 566 MB! tendto tr+e# in stri'"t #ine nd si'n#s o+ert"em cn )e sent )y )emin' t"ose $+esto$rds one prticu#r sttion&

-ecuse Micro$+es tr+e#s in stri'"t #ines,)ot" sender nd recei+er must )e #i'ned to

)e strict#y in #ine*of*si'"t&

Micro$+es cn "+e $+e#en't" rn'in'from 5 mm H 5 meter nd fre2uency rn'in'from @66 MB! to @66 GB!&

Micro$+e ntenns concentrte t"e $+es

m%in' )em of it& As s"o$n in picture)o+e, mu#tip#e ntenns cn )e #i'ned torec" frt"er& Micro$+es "+e "i'"erfre2uencies nd do not penetrte $## #i%eo)stc#es&

Micro$+e trnsmission depends "i'"#y

upon t"e $et"er conditions nd t"efre2uency it is usin'&

Inrare'


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Inrare'Transmission

Infrred $+e #ies in )et$een+isi)#e #i'"t spectrum ndmicro$+es&

It "s $+e#en't" of J66*nm

to 5*mm nd fre2uency rn'esfrom @66*GB! to @6*TB!&

Infrred $+e is used for +erys"ort rn'e communictionpurposes suc" s te#e+ision

nd it1s remote& Infrredtr+e#s in stri'"t #ine "enceit is direction# )y nture&-ecuse of "i'" fre2uencyrn'e, Infrred cnnot cross

$##*#i%e o)stc#es&


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)iht Transmission

T"is is c"ie+ed )y mens of &'SR&

-ecuse of fre2uency #i'"t uses, ittends to tr+e# strict#y in stri'"t #ine&Bence t"e sender nd recei+er must )ein t"e #ine*of*si'"t&

-ecuse #ser trnsmission isunidirection#, t )ot" ends ofcommuniction t"e #ser nd t"e p"oto*detector needs to )e inst##ed& Lser)em is 'ener##y 5mm $ide "ence it is $or% of precision to #i'n t$o frreceptors ec" pointin' to #serssource&

Lser $or%s s T8 3trnsmitter4 ndp"oto*detectors $or%s s R8 3recei+er4&

Lsers cnnot penetrte o)stc#es suc"s $##s, rin, nd t"ic% fo'&


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C&SE ST/,0 Network in NMIMS 1Mum"ai

NMIMS "s Wi0i net$or% nd ## #ptops cn )e con='ured t t"e AsinPints (omputer (entre on t"e 'round .oor& -esides t"is, NMIMS pro+idest"e fo##o$in' fci#itiesC As t"e cmpus is in t"e "ert of t"e =nnci#cpit# of t"e country*Mum)i, for students it is n ide# opportunity to#ern nd interct t"rou'" corporte proects& T"e IIP( ce##, $it" its

o)ecti+e to promote industry*cdemi #in%'e p#ces emp"sis on#ernin' )y pp#yin' t"eoretic# concepts #erned in t"e c#ssroom on #i+eIndustry proects& T"ese corporte proects +ry from 5*@ mont"s&

Air*conditioned c#ssrooms $it" P( nd L(D proectors inte'rted $it"cmpus $ide net$or%&

0i)er optic net$or% )c%)one nd 566 M-PS Et"ernet Tec"no#o'yconnectin' ## c#ssrooms nd deprtments&

M-PS s"red Lesed Line internet connecti+ity round t"e c#oc%&Wire#ess Botspots&


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C&SE ST/,02cont'34Network in NMIMS 1Mum"ai

-rnded Bi'" end Ser+ers nd NAS Stor'e systems for Mintinin'(mpus $ide dt)se nd connecti+ity&

A Brd$re 0ire$## to protect t"e entire net$or%&

Acdemic ERP*Inte'rted Institute Mn'ement System co+erin' On Line Trnsction Processin' nd M&I&S& from Admission to E+#ution inte'rtin'Li)rry, Purc"se Accounts&

Ec" student e2uipped $it" )rnded Lptops&

T"e (omputer L)& is on t"e second .oor nd is $e## e2uipped& T"e L)&

sets more t"n


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& %iew o Computer )a" atNMIMS


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T"e $or%sttions incomputer #)s reconnected to "u) usin't"e star topolo!&

T"ese "u)s contins portsin mu#tip#e of @? nd'ener##y "u)s "+in'


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No$ t"ese "u)s from ec"#)ortory is connected to "u) point #octed on ec".oor&

T"us 'i+in' (.RI5.NT&))&N ppernce&

T"ese mu#tip#e "u) points reconnected in pr##e# to

centr# #esed #ine nd to t"e+rious ser+ers opertin' inser+er rooms&

T"is 'i+es ppernce of6ERTIC&) )&N


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TBANK YO:

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ictmpresentation.pptx