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Contact: Mr. Hiroyasu Hayashi
Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications, Japan
Tel: +81 3 5253 5935
Fax: +81 3 5253 5937
E-mail: [email protected]
ASIA-PACIFIC TELECOMMUNITY
12th
APT Policy and Regulatory Forum
Document:
PRF-12/INP-13
21-23 May, 2012 – Bangkok, Thailand 18 May 2012
ICT Strategy for Recovery of Japan –
Toward New City Building Based on the Disaster Experience
Prepared by
Mr. Hiroyasu Hayashi
ICT Strategy for Recovery of Japan -Toward New City Building
Based on the Disaster Experience-
23 May, 2012
Bangkok, Thailand
Hiroyasu Hayashi Director for Technical Cooperation
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
JAPAN 0
Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on ICT Infrastructure
1
Impacts on Telecommunication Network
2
Base Station
Base Station collapsed. Battery was exhausted.
Cable was cut off. Pole and duct were damaged.
Mobile communications
Fixed communications
Congestion continued for several days on both of Fix and Mobile Network.
RNC
Circuit switch
Switching station
Generator fuel was exhausted.
Circuit switch
Switching station
Damaged ICT Infrastructures
3
FIXED NETWORKS
Lines out of service (because the nodes were out of service)
MOBILE NETWORKS
Base Stations Damaged
↑NTT Onagawa Bldg (Source : NTT East)
↑NTT DoCoMo transmission facilities in Iwate (Source : NTT docomo)
↑NTT Kamaishi Station (Source : Kamaishi City)
↑Softbank mobile-phone tower (Source : IP network facilities Committee)
Damage to ICT Infrastructure by the Earthquake
4
Damage
NTT docomo au SoftBank EMOBILE WILLCOM
NTT East (subscribed telephone)
NTT East (FTTH)
KDDI (subscribed telephone)
KDDI (FTTH /ADSL)
Softbank
100.6
51.3
14.1 24.9
3.1 0
20
40
60
80
100
120 (x10000 lines)
6,720
3,680 3,786
704
13,760
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 15000 ～ ～
(Stations)
• A total of 1.9 mil lines were damaged.
• Each carrier restored all of the lines except the area around the nuclear plant.
• A total of 29 thousand BSs stopped working.
• Each carrier restored all of the BSs except in the area around the nuclear plant.
<Max number of damaged lines>
Damage
Fixed communications Mobile communications
NTT East KDDI SoftBank
90%
30%
95%
0% 70%
0% 0
20
40
60
80
100
NTT docomo (Voice)
NTT docomo (Data)
au (Voice)
au (Data)
SoftBank (Voice)
SoftBank (Data)
Congestion Congestion
• Voice communication restriction control : 70-95%(max)
• Data communication was not restricted as much as voice. • Communication restriction control : 80-90%(max)
<Percentage of max restriction control>
90％ 90％ 80％
0
20
40
60
80
100 (%)
<Percentage of max restriction control>
<Max number of stopped BSs>
(%)
Cause of Telecom Service Interruption
5
• Facilities were destroyed by the earthquake and/or the tsunami.
• The commercial electricity shortage lasted a long time and batteries were drained.
4% 3%
13%
80%
Fixed communications
Collaspe/Washout
Flood
Cut cable
Blackout
0.1% 2.8%
11.9%
85.2%
Mobile communications
Earthquake
Tsunami
Cut cable
Blackout
Number of Affected Fixed-telephone lines
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
3/1
1 …
3
/11
…
3/1
2 …
3
/12
…
3/1
2 …
3
/12
…
3/1
2 …
3
/12
…
3/1
3 …
3
/13
…
3/1
4 …
3
/14
…
3/1
4 …
3
/15
…
3/1
5 …
3
/16
…
3/1
6 …
3
/17
…
3/1
7 …
3
/18
…
3/1
8 …
3
/19
…
3/2
0 …
3
/21
…
3/2
2 …
3
/23
…
3/2
4 …
3
/25
…
3/2
7 …
3
/28
…
3/2
9 …
3
/30
…
3/3
1 …
4
/1 …
4
/4 …
4
/5 …
4
/6 …
4
/7 …
4
/8 …
4
/9 …
4
/10
…
4/1
1 …
4
/11
…
4/1
2 …
4
/13
…
4/1
4 …
4
/15
…
4/1
8 …
4
/18
…
4/1
9 …
4
/20
…
4/2
1 …
4
/22
…
4/2
4 …
4
/25
…
4/2
6 …
4
/27
…
4/2
8 …
5
/2 …
5
/6 …
NTT East KDDI Softbank Number of blacked out houses
Number of affected fixed -lines
Number of blacked out houses (x10,000 houses)
6
Main Earthquake On 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST magnitude 9.0 Damage (peak on 13 March) NTT East : about 1 million lines KDDI : about 0.14 million lines SoftBank : about 0.03 million Lines
The biggest aftershock (causing a large scale blackout) On Apr 7, at 23:32 JST Damage (peak on 8 April) NTT East : about 50 thousand lines KDDI : about 17 thousand lines SoftBank : about 1 thousand Lines
Number of Stopped Base Stations
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
3/1
1 …
3/1
1 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
2 …
3/1
3 …
3/1
3 …
3/1
4 …
3/1
4 …
3/1
4 …
3/1
5 …
3/1
5 …
3/1
6 …
3/1
6 …
3/1
7 …
3/1
7 …
3/1
8 …
3/1
8 …
3/1
9 …
3/2
0 …
3/2
1 …
3/2
2 …
3/2
3 …
3/2
4 …
3/2
5 …
3/2
7 …
3/2
8 …
3/2
9 …
3/3
0 …
3/3
1 …
4/1
…
4/4
…
4/5
…
4/6
…
4/7
…
4/8
…
4/9
…
4/1
0 …
4/1
1 …
4/1
1 …
4/1
2 …
4/1
3 …
4/1
4 …
4/1
5 …
4/1
8 …
4/1
8 …
4/1
9 …
4/2
0 …
4/2
1 …
4/2
2 …
4/2
4 …
4/2
5 …
4/2
6 …
4/2
7 …
4/2
8 …
5/2
…
5/6
…
NTT Docomo KDDI(au) Softbank Emobile Number of blacked out houses in Tohoku
Number of blacked out houses (x10,000 houses)
Number of stopped BSs
7
The biggest aftershock (causing a large scale blackout) On Apr 7, at 23:32 JST Damage of this aftershock NTT docomo : about 1,200 BSs KDDI(au) : about 500 BSs SoftBank : about 2,200 BSs EMOBILE : about 200 BSs
Main Earthquake On 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST magnitude 9.0 Damage (peak on 12 March) NTT docomo : about 6700 BSs KDDI : about 3700 BSs SoftBank : about 3800 BSs EMOBILE : about 700 BSs
Geographical Image of the Earthquake Impact and Restoration
8
As of 13 March
As of 11 April (1 month after)
Fukushima
Fixed-line
Mobile
Affected area
Iwate Miyagi NTT East & NTT Docomo
Framework to Maintain Communication Services
9
Obligation of Telecommunications Carriers
Securing of Essential Communications during emergency situation
• Under a emergency situation, telecommunications carrier shall give priority to communications on matters necessary for disaster prevention or relief etc..
- emergency call to police station(110), fire department(119) and Coast Guard(118) - central government, local government, utility company(electricity, gas, water, newspaper,
broadcasting etc.) - call from payphone (public telephone)
• In emergency cases, a telecommunications carrier may suspend part of its telecommunications activities, or restrict other communications to ensure essential communications.
Compliance with Technical standards about Telecommunications Facilities
• Telecommunications carrier shall maintain its telecommunications facilities in conformity with the technical standards.
- Backup equipment , back up circuits (loop) - Back-up battery or generator - Disaster countermeasure (earthquake, fire, flood, strong wind) - countermeasures against virus, congestion, facility failure,
10
Disaster Priority Telephone -Images-
11
Pass
Pass
Pass
Restriction
Re
strictio
n
Restrictio
n
• Disaster priority telephone
• Public telephone • Emergency call s
from normal telephone
• Normal telephone
LS LS
TS TS
Affected area
Communication restriction: Calls to the affected area
• Disaster priority telephone
• Public telephone • Emergency call s
from normal telephone
• Normal telephone
LS
TS
Restriction Pass
Affected area
Communication restriction: Calls in the affected area
Safety Confirmation Services
12
Safety confirmation services support
Message center (voice, text, etc.)
Record Play back Stricken
area Other areas
by voice/text messages, etc. recording/playing back
safety confirmations between the people inside/outside the stricken area
Play back Record
Telecommunications Carriers developed and deployed 3 safety confirmation services to provide users effective communication tools under network congestion. - Disaster Message Dial 171(record and play from fixed/mobile phones) - Disaster Broadband Message Board (web 171, access from PC/mobiles) - Disaster Message Board for Mobile (record from mobiles, play from mobiles/PC, and
message is delivered to pre-registered e-mail address)
Safety Confirmation Services
13
伝言サーバー
Write a message which is kept in the
carrier’s server
View a message through each carrier’s server
各社携帯電話網
伝言サーバー
伝言サーバー
携帯電話番号（１１桁）で登録
Server
Mobile telephone network (each carrier has one)
Server
Server
固定電話網 ・・・・・・・・
伝言蓄積装置
伝言蓄積装置
【Leave a message】 【Play back a message】
Leave a voice message
Play back a voice message
固定電話番号（１０桁）で登録
（全国５０箇所）
Capacity : 8 mil msg. Retention time : 48 hr.
Fixed telephone network
・・・・・・・・
Server Server
Disaster Message Dial 171
Disaster Message Board
伝言サーバ
(web171)
We can send -Text -Audio file -Image file
【Evacuation center】
【Other than evacuation center】
View a message via the WEB
インターネット 被災地内の固定電話番号で登録
（なお、携帯電話やＩＰ電話番号等も利用可能）
Server
Write a message via the WEB
Disaster Broadband Message Board web171
Internet
Leave : 570 thou msg. Play : 2760 thou msg.
Write : 110 thou msg. View : 180 thou msg.
https://www.web171.jp
Capacity : 500 mil msg. Retention time : 48 hr.
Retention time: Until the service is ended. Write: 1.57 mil msg.
View : 2.81 mil msg.
• Fixed/mobile carriers discuss to realize searching across safety confirmation services (Disaster
Emergency Message, Disaster Message Board, Disaster Broadband Message Board).
Earthquake Early Warning –How to Provide it to the Public-
14
Japan Meteorological Agency provide Earthquake Early Warning to the public through: - TV & Radio - Mobile phone (special buzzer, pop-up, vibration, sent by cell broadcasting system etc.) - Municipal Disaster Management Radio Communication Network (via J-Alert (MIC FDMA))
- Other facilities
(Source: NHK)
-TV (sample display)
-Mobile phone
-Speakers for residents (Municipal Disaster Management Radio Communication Network)
Earthquake Early Warning
Earthquake occurred in XX area. Please prepare for earthquake.
Special buzzer
Vibration
Lessons Learned from the Disaster
15
“INFORMATION”
⇩ Lifeline for
survival
Importance of strengthening the resistance of communication infrastructure, etc., to disaster
Importance of providing public services such as administration / medical / education, etc., without interruption
Importance of providing medical services from a remote location
Importance of flexible management of handling personal information which may risk lives
Importance of diversified and multilayered means of wired / wireless information distribution
Importance of continuity of smooth business by prompt recovery of data
“Information” and ICT – the Lifeline for our Survival
Lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake
ＩＣＴ can free the constraints of distance and time, strengthen people’s connection, and improve the effectiveness of economical and social activities
■ Services can be provided
continuously by utilizing the
network system’s backup
of data related to residents
or medical field.
■ Paper information including
family registers at local
governments, medical records at
hospitals, or school textbooks
were flushed away by the
tsunami, resulting in difficulty in
providing public services
■ Remote medical services can be
provided to patients on their first
visit, which has become widely-
known.
■ Temporary measure to issue
prescriptions through facsimile
Importance of smooth information sharing between the government and private organizations
■ Physical damage to
communication / broadcasting
network
■ Information communication
between the disaster areas
were disconnected
■ Useful means of communication in
case of emergency.
・Satellite phone or simplicity radio, etc.
・Community FM and medium frequency
radio, etc.
・Internet or mobile terminal for using
portal site or social media
■ Prompt information
distribution by NPO, etc. via
internet, such as information
on one’s safety or matching of
needs at the disaster areas and
support information, etc.
■ When contact cannot be made
with the doctor who made the
medical record, medical
information may be provided to
the hospital where the patient is
transferred to, without his/her
consent.
Actions to Strengthen the Maintenance of Communications Services after 3.11
17
Information Communications Council (advisory board) analyzed major causes of recent service Interruption by disaster, and asked for strengthening of technical standards in report submitted to the Minister in February.
New technical standards (draft is now under public consultation) will require Telecommunication Carriers to take following countermeasures.
I. Electric Blackouts - increased capacity of battery or fuel for facilities covering government buildings II. Disruptions of Telecommunications lines - back-up entrance circuit for important Mobile Base Stations - geographical distribution of important core facilities III. Tsunami / Flood - respect hazard map made by local government IV. Traffic Congestion - save and analyze call completion data under communications restriction
during disaster, and reflect on network capacity and restriction control rule.
Draft Technical Standards to Increase the Network Resilience
Ⅰ．Electric Blackouts
Base Station
Generators and/or batteries for longer blackouts
Disaster
Center,
etc.
Ⅱ．Disruptions of Telecommunications lines
Building
Disaster
Center, etc.
Building
Reinforce countermeasures on base stations covering important public offices
Backup of important core facilities in distant location
Ⅲ．Tsunami / Flood
Building
Ordinary
Mobile
Phones Ⅳ．Traffic Congestion
ＰＨＳ
Reinforce countermeasures on PHS
Large cell covering by backup base stations
Deployment
Vehicles with portable base stations, etc.
Operating
Line
Backup Line
Thorough redundancy of network between switches
Creating further redundancy in loop network structure
Considering the latest hazard maps by local government
Analyzing and reporting connection status under call restriction
Generators, Longer life
battery, etc.
Backup Line
Ⅴ．Other
Switch
Authentication facility
Switch
Switch
Base Station Controller
Switch
Countermeasures to Increase Network Resilience
Generator cars, etc.
Authentication facility
New Safety Confirmation Service
20
• In February 2012, NTT docomo started “Voice Message Delivery Service”, which can avoid voice
network congestion (under access restriction for voice call).
• Other Mobile Carriers are planning to start same services, and messages are deliverable between
different carriers.
Caller Receiver Line Switching Network
Packet-Switching Data Network
Server Send voice
message file Send voice
message file
Call
Communication Restriction
Now, the NW is busy. Please leave your
message.
I’m fine. I’m at XX
evacuation center now.
I’m fine. I’m at XX
evacuation center now.
You have a message.
Action of Mobile Carrier –NTT docomo-
21
To secure telecommunications of local government, NTT docomo is equipping about 1,900 BSs with an electric generator and/or 24-hour-life batteries. ->These BSs cover 65% of the population of Japan.
<Mobile-phone tower> 24-hour-life battery (about 1,100 BSs)
<BSs on docomo’s building> electric generator (about 800 BSs)
Radio Transmission
Engine Local government
office Local government
office
Battery
Radio Transmission
Measures for Recovery of East Japan through Utilization of ICT
22
◎Efforts to further strengthen potential for growth (Explore economic frontier)【Creation of new industries and market corresponding to environmental change】
Encourage pursuit of better productivity at service industries in response to aging population with declining birthrate etc., reform of rules and restrictions/systems to facilitate the creation of new industries/markets, creation of new growing industries in the areas of green innovation and needs for elderly driven by life/innovation etc., strengthening potential and management skills of small-and-medium-sized companies, blooming of science and technology innovation by industry and academic partnerships and active use of ICT with stronger security in mind and support establishment of businesses at the same time.
<Main measures> Improve convenience of everyday life for people and creation of new industries based on ICT
Realize effective use of ICT in extensive areas of administration, medicine and education, such as the promotion of an ID system of people to be reviewed in alignment with the number system under “New Growth Strategy”. Also, improve productivity of medical services etc. by promoting penetration of cloud, effectively use radio waves through system reform, etc., create new industries through the merger of different lines of businesses and industries based on ICT and so on.
Extract of ICT related gist from “Japan Revival Strategy“
(cabinet decision on 24th December 2011) 1/2 ◎Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake 【Make recovery of the affected areas a model for the revival of Japan】
Implement New Growth Strategy like the creation of new industries before doing so anywhere else at special zones for reconstruction by the use of private funds for sustainable development of the affected areas and make it a model for the revival of Japan. Strongly promote efforts to create new industries/jobs based on innovation especially in the areas of green, life, science and technology, ICT, etc. and achieve recovery in the affected areas leveraged by local strength and make it a regional model in Japan
<Main measures> Computerization of local areas based on the use of ICT
Introduce disaster resistant ICT infrastructures and local cloud to promote safe and comfortable computerization and achieve operation efficiency of the local government
◎Revival of a thick layer of middle class (explore frontier in a society) 【Creation of sustainable and vibrant land and region】 Review deeply on city development suitable for the new age, such as the creation of a compact city, a fulfillment of
public transportation system, city development for elderly to stay healthy in an aging society, highly convertible city to respond to demographic change and an ICT-based new city, in a bid to facilitate the creation of sustainable communities in a population declining society.
<Main measures>Promote exchanges between urban cities and agricultural, forestry and fishery villages, energize local community based on local resources and intra-regional cycle etc.
Energize local community through the use of ICT such as cloud, encourage to improve abilities to support themselves and create wealth, concentrate knowledge and form partnerships to create self-supportive communities.
Extract of ICT related gist from “Japan Revival Strategy“
(cabinet decision on 24th December 2011) 2/2
1. Strengthen resistance of communication infrastructure, etc., to disaster
2. Revive and strengthen ties in the community through ICT
4. Contribute to overcome the energy restraints due to ICT
5. Strengthen international collaboration/link in ICT field
3. Create new business through utilization of ICT
6. Accelerate research and development in
ICT field
Priority support measures towards recovery of east Japan
City development utilizing ICT
A new ICT base in Tohoku area
Promotion of ICT utilization
By implementing the ICT infrastructure from the first stage of recovery, a city can be developed at a low cost.
Globally develop cities with ICT implemented across the disaster area.
Tohoku area is one of the leading research bases for telecommunication field in Japan.
Invite R&D facilities or laboratories from Japan as well as overseas.
Contribute to the activation of economy and creation of employment through the utilization and promotion of ICT in medical / education / environment fields.
Recovery of east Japan Recovery of Japan
Necessary to provide maximum support to the “creative recovery” implemented by the residents of the disaster area and municipalities
Solve the restraints of supply, and must activate the economy, including growth of the global market, build a nation that is resistant to disaster, and establish a social and economic system of high efficiency
Promote simultaneously
General ICT Strategy Towards Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Recovery of Japan
(Interim report of Information and Communications Council, held July 25, 2011)
■ Project for Promoting Informatization in the Disaster Area
•Support the approaches to solve the issues that the local governments affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake
are facing, through efficient and effective measures that utilize ICT.
Tohoku Medical Megabank (Medical Information Sharing Infrastructure)
Introduction of Municipality Cloud System
Construction of Work History Management System in Disaster Area
Introduction of Smart-grid Communication Interface
Disaster Area
Regeneration and Reinforcement of Relationship in Community by ICT Utilization
Development of Broadband Infrastructure in the disaster area
Municipality In and Outside of the Municipality
Construction of Disaster-Resistant Information Sharing System
Cloud Server
Cloud Server
Disaster Information Distribution
System
■ Subsidy for recovery of information infrastructure from disasters
Subsidy for information infrastructure recovery projects in the disaster area
Subsidy for recovery of information infrastructure from disasters
Damage in Coastal Area of Miyagi Pref. (As of June 30, 2011)
Kesenmuma City
- Regional Intra-network - CATV
Ishinomaki City
- Regional Intra-network
Municipalities whose public ICT infrastructure (e.g. Broadband, CATV, internet) was damaged
Hospital City Hall
Internet
School Library
Switching Station
Community Center
Antenna, head-end eq., studio eq., tower, light-electricity transform eq., radio access eq., satellite earth station eq., etc.
Subsidized Equipment
■ Research and Development for strengthening the information communication network’s resistance to disaster
For the development of R&D base (trials, experiments and validations), as well as R&D and experiment on radio
technology for the communication technology to reduce the congestion of mobile phone usage in disasters, or for
autonomous recovery of communication infrastructure which damaged in a disaster to reconnect to public facilities.
R&D for strengthening the information communication network’s resistance to disaster
Sendai
(1) Technology to reduce congestions in mobile phone service etc. in disaster
Internet Data network
Mobile network
Internet Data transmission
Wired Network
(2) Technologies to secure communications by developing autonomous network even when part of the infrastructure is damaged by earthquake, aftershock, tsunami, etc.
Experiment, validation and Development of new technologies using test-bed in disaster area
Emergency Com.
New City Development Utilizing ICT Schedule for the new IT strategy Basic policy for the recovery from the Great East Japan
Earthquake Establish an information communication network integrated to city
development with high resistance to disaster, which is reliable for
everyone
Development of a multilayered information communication infrastructure that can be a foundation of a new city development from a disaster prevention perspective
Promote utilization of ICT such as introduction of cloud service to a
wide area of fields including local governments
Secure an environment where the local government and residents of
the disaster area can communicate smoothly
Issues for the disaster at present
Damage in information communication infrastructure
Loss of family registers, medical records, and student records
Contribute to resolving regional and socioeconomic issues that Japan faces at present, and will increase in the future
Difficulty in maintaining the ties in the community due to evacuation in a wide area
New city development utilizing ICT
Sophistication of social infrastructure and improvement of disaster resistance through cloud services for government, medical, and education field, etc.
Provide accurate / prompt / continuous support information, and
secure an environment for communication for the evacuees.
Contribute to a new growth such as activation of economy or creation of employment, by promoting the utilization of ICT
Global expansion of the “city” of “JAPAN MODEL” in the disaster area where ICT is introduced and implemented
Realization of collaboration in a wide
area across cities
Wireless network of high resistance to disaster, broadband for smooth communication, cloud service for sophistication of social infrastructure, application of ICT package combined with sensor network, etc.
Unstable energy supply Pioneering introduction of smart energy system or smart
community, etc. to the disaster area
Broadband
Cloud
Wireless network
Sensor network
(e.g.)
(e.g.)
(e.g.)
(e.g.)
Agri & Aquaculture
Environment
Welfare, Nursing
Administration
Disaster Prevention, Decreasing Damages
Sightseeing, Traffic
■ Environment building for realizing a new city development model
• By combining ICT technologies (sensor network, cloud service, wireless network, etc.) that can contribute to the
development of a safe, comfortable, and environment-friendly city, development and experiment for an ideal ICT
system for city development shall be conducted, and shall be expanded in and out of Japan as a model case of city
development.
Cloud Broadband
◆A city with a highly disaster resistant radio system
◆A city where disaster information can be received promptly and surely even under circumstances where mobile phones cannot be used
Wireless network
BEMS
Lighting
Security system
Power source
Air conditioning
Elevator
Sensor network
◆A city with newly added value for users, by cloud services for daily life or economy related contents, etc.
◆A city where broadband connection can be used anywhere at ease ◆A city where infrastructure
such as optical fiber is installed underground
◆An environment friendly city utilizing the information of the sensors installed across the city
Establishment of a Model for New City Development Utilizing ICT
To Establish a Model for New City Development Utilizing ICT
Thank you for your attention!
31
