Ict for Hiv-Aids Management in Kenya

8/6/2019 Ict for Hiv-Aids Management in Kenya

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC:

Information, Communication and Technology

for

HIV/AIDS MANAGEMENT IN KENYA

A Case of Kisumu East District, Nyanza Province

PRESENTED TO:

UNITED STATES AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (USADF)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 2

2.0 Background and Literature Review ........................................................................... 52.1 Effect of climate change on project and problems related to water.......................6

2.2 Information Communication Technology for Water Resource Management ...... .8

3.0 The proposal .............................................................................................................103.1 Problem statement ................................................................................................10

3.2 Rationale / Justification .......................................................................................11

3.3 Overall objective .................................................................................................124.0 Methodologies and activities .................................................................................. 13

4.1 Target water resources ........................................................................................ 13

4.3 Technology demonstrations ................................................................................144.4 Establishing a master farmer and water resource program ................................. 14

5.0 Collaboration ...........................................................................................................16

5.1. Moi University ....................................................................................................16

Department of communication studies (Juliet Macharia, Florence Nekesa, MarcellaMainye) ......................................................................................................................16

6.0 Target beneficiaries .................................................................................................168.0 Expected Impact ......................................................................................................17

8.2 Empowerment of both men and women as farmers ............................................18

8.3 Poverty reduction ................................................................................................18

8.4 Improved access to information ..........................................................................188.5 Technology transfer ............................................................................................18

8.6 Improved grassroots collaboration ......................................................................18

9.0 Work Plan and Activities ........................................................................................19

10.0 Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................... 2011.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................21

12.0 Research Team Information ...................................................................................22

13.0 Budget (Kshs.) ......................................................................................................23


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Water related-disaster, food insecurity and poverty prevail in this region. The incessant

food insecurity and rampant poverty urgently and aggressively need to be addressed. As

a result, no surpluses are realized and the crops appear not to be of any economic value ingenerating wealth for the people. Thus the incumbents are hardly making effort to do

better quality farming.

The research proposed shall focus on educating the incumbents of modern and

appropriate water usage and preservation technologies as well as effective food

production and storage modes. The study contends that for the people of the Rift Valleyto produce enough food crops and maximize and sustain food production to ensure food

security, they need to actively use ICT in water resources and food security aspects.Further, their involvement will only be possible through engaging them in dialects(s) they

understand best. The study seeks to explore water resources and water related disastersand current farming practices which the researchers believe could be enhanced though

ICT, then find out the peoples awareness on the significant role of ICT. Depending on

the gaps identified, the research team will establish a strategy to inject ICT into the dailyoperations of the farmers. The process would start by identifying a cluster, whom they

shall educate/train on more appropriate farming practices while deploying ICT techniques

and finally engage them in improved farming practices. This will be followed withappropriate documentation and dissemination to the rest of the small scale farmers in the

region.

The implementation would be achieved in two phases. The first phase, for the first year,will focus on the use of ICT to deliver information on how to improve farming

experiences. The second phase would involve using ICT in the actual conservation and

farming. This proposal focuses on the first phase.

The project involves a partnership of information, communication and resource

management specialists working in collaboration with local NGOs extension agencies.


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current cropping practices, communication approaches and challenges. Later on the

impact of introducing and promoting new improved practices in the 10 administrative

locations will be analyzed after data is collected. Activities will be guided by themonitoring and evaluation plan using the logical framework included in this proposal. A

final stakeholder and evaluation meeting will be held at a later stage of the project, which

will evaluate the project, assemble a report and communicate the findings to the sponsors.

Data from the project will be analyzed and published as reports, scientific papers in

scholarly journals and as features in national television, radio and water resource. Theproject should result in improved access to new information and technologies for farmers

and water users in the region enhanced with better communication methods. This willcontribute to water resource management, improved food production and security,

economic welfare for the inhabitants. When appropriately adopted, its expected thatpoverty levels should reduce. Women farmers and housewives will be greatly empowered

as new opportunities for income generation through production and marketing of

sustained vegetables and other crops to local markets. The farmers will be exposed tonew knowledge as well as effective communication technologies while grassroots

collaboration among researchers, extension agents, development organizations and agro-

dealers will be realized. A final technical and financial report will be submitted to theCommission for Higher Education in Kenya (CHE). The project requires KShs. 3 million

to implement in 12 months.


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2.0 Background and Literature Review

The study proposed shall demonstrate the role of ICT for community participation in

research and water resource management in order to reduce water related disasters andimprove sustainability of food security in Rift Valley Province of Kenya. In this study,

the region comprises Kipkelion and Trans-Nzoia Districts. Water related disasters and

food insecurity prevail in the study sites. The term water is difficult to define because of

its multidimensional biological nature. CEO Dictionary (2001) for example defines waterin a clear liquid that falls as rain and is in rivers, seas and lakes. Terget et al (1990)

defines water in terms of biological (or scientific use) nature as a compound made up of

Hydrogen and Oxygen (H + O2 = H2O). The combination of these compounds takes placein the atmosphere as clouds reach condensation stage. Yahia (1993) characterizes water

as a resource to the society as the rest of the resources and in fact a very important

resource, for life sustainability to human beings, animals and plants.

Preamble to the European Union Water Framework Directive (2000) comments that

water is not a commercial product like any other but, rather, a heritage which must beprotected, defended and treated as such.

Water being a resource can be considered as a scarce and finite resource with no

substitute and upon which the very existence of life on earth depends. For that reason, thechallenges facing water resources are daunting. During the last century, water related

disasters have affected so many people. Urbanization, industrialization and

environmental degradation are compounding the challenges. The United Nations World

Water Development Report (2003) presented a gloomy picture; about 2 billion people inover 40 countries are affected by water shortages and floods, more that 1 billion lack

sufficient and safe drinking water and 2.4 billion have no provisions for sanitation.


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Concerted action is needed to reverse the present trends of over consumption, pollution

and rising threats from draught to floods. The conference report sets out recommendation

for action at local, national and international levels, based on four guiding principles.

Principle one -Fresh water a finite and vulnerable resource essential to sustain life,development and the environment.

Because water sustains life, effective management of water resources demands a holistic

approach, linking social and economic development with protection of natural ecosystem.Effective management links land use and water use across the whole of a catchments area

or ground water aquifer.

Principle two Water development and management should be based on a participatory

approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels.

The participatory approach involves raising awareness of the importance of water amongpolicy makers and the general public. It means that decision makers are taken at the

lowest appropriate level, with full public consultation and involvement of users in the

planning and implementation of water projects.

Principle three Women play a central part in the provision, management andsafeguarding water.

This pivotal role of women as providers and users of water and guardians of the livingenvironment has seldom been reflected in institutional arrangements for the development

and management of water resources. Acceptance and implementation of these principles

requires positive policies to address womens specific needs and to equip and empowerwomen to participate at all levels in water resources programs, including decision making

and implementation in ways defined by them.


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People at any given region tend to know their weather patterns and are able to plan

accordingly. Agriculture in most cases is the one affected adversely by climatic changes.

when temperatures rise above a norm, crops are affected animals and the wholeenvironment suffer. At other times, it gets too rainy causing floods and the waterways are

unable to hold the excess water. These radical weather changes frustrate individuals when

planning their projects. This calls for proactively in planning the water resources.

Tegart et al (1990) claims that changes in climatic conditions due to increasing

atmospheric concentrations of radioactively active trace gasses will probably alter landand water resources, their distribution in space and time, the hydrologic cycle of water

bodies, water quality and water supply systems and requirements for water resources indifferent regions. Quantitative estimates of the hydrologic effects of climate change are

essential for problems associated with domestic water use, industry, power generation,agriculture, transportation, future water resources, systems planning and management and

protection of the natural environment.

The declaration and resolutions of the many different forums and conferences that have

addressed the challenges of the water sector urged the states, inter alia, to adopt water

legislation. They call for water legislation that lays down clear and comprehensive rules but that is sufficiently flexible to accommodate future challenges and unpredicted

changes in priorities and perspectives.

Ogola et al (1997) comment that when the sea surface temperature rise abnormally, theweather pattern changes. The changes in weather patterns can either cause draught or too

much rain. This is exactly what happened in October 1997. The sea surface temperature

begun to rise and nobody knew it was ELNINO, which means CHRIST CHILD. Tosome places like Angola, it was draught and famine. In Kenya however, the effect was

negative and will be felt even for some years to come, since few were prepared for the

calamity which then affected them negatively. This abnormal effect affected many


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The interrelationships between damaging events, argues Lewis (1999) are as significant

to the assessment of vulnerability as is the nature and likelihood of each one.

Vulnerability assessments therefore, are a necessary combination of research in scientific,technological and sociological data, where available. Vulnerability is a morphological,

cumulative and collective condition. It is not one which results only from each isolated

damaging possibility as it becomes apparent or manifest. Lewis (1986) comments thathistorical analysis further exposes the interrelationship of one set of conditions with

another in the making of vulnerability.

The conventional linkage between disasters and development starts with a natural disaster

and considers what needs to be done so that subsequent disasters are less severe. There isnothing particularly wrong with this in itself except that, while this disaster-centric and

disaster-specific process is continuing, other projects may be undertaken which are notpart of these post-disaster initiatives. While disaster- specific initiatives are designed to

make things better next time and in the longer term, other activities undertaken at the

same time could inadvertently subscribe to making things worse.

Lewis (1990) concludes that natural disasters have become compounded on the one hand

by a more sophisticated understanding of their causes and on the other, by pressure ofevents. Complex disasters now reflect a realism of interactions on the ground between

environmental hazards, political instability, conflict and population displacement.

Disasters are at least the monitors of development or at most lack of prevention (in the

past) is the debt of development and disasters are unpaid bills.

Washington Declaration (1998) agrees that there is indeed a need for an active

international platform to initiate the commitment strength of purpose, resources, expertiseand energy to merge palliative with preventive purpose into the next centaury thus a need

or call for ICT for water resources management.


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information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-

effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses.

ICT can play a significant role in maintaining the above mentioned properties ofinformation as it consists of three main technologies. They are: Computer Technology,

Communication Technology and Information Management Technology. These

technologies are applied for processing, exchanging and managing data, information and

knowledge. The tools provided by ICT are having ability to:

Record text, drawings, photographs, audio, video, process descriptions, and other

information in digital formats, Produce exact duplicates of such information at significantly lower cost,

Transfer information and knowledge rapidly over large distances throughcommunications networks.

Develop standardized algorithms to large quantities of information relatively

rapidly.

Achieve greater interactivity in communicating, evaluating, producing and

sharing useful information and knowledge.

Lewis (1993) argues that vulnerability accrues as a result of processes of change and

therefore is a potential product of all activities and undertakings of society. Vulnerabilityreduction therefore requires a multi-sectoral and pervasive responsibility that can

comprehend and identify those activities and undertakings that implement the redirection.

Such modifications to processes of change are a necessary component to managementand development, hence with relation to information technology for water resources

management.

That is why Word Bank Policy Research Report (2001) puts is that the primary objective

of water Resource managements information and documentation program is to advance


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- Program objectives

- Project identification- Macro and micro vulnerability assessments

- Project planning and programming by all sectors

- Co-ordination- Ante-post evaluation

- Post disaster and post conflict analyses and they will assess all development

inputs, projects and programs with regard to their effect upon equitability andvulnerability.

Lewis (1996) argues that multiple and multi-sectoral small-scale micro-projects will

better achieve successful local integration and appropriate infrastructure will be selectedfor its potential for socio-economic regeneration. These could include for example,

- Transportation and marketing; the provision of bridges, roads and pathways,boat and light plane landing facilities essential for commercial and marketing

activities (for improved quality of life and well- being the essential

prerequisite for recovery)- Socio-economic activities during floods- the construction of bridges, sluices

and culverts

- Small industries; rural energy generation and electrification

- Agriculture; projects for subsistence agriculture and small-scale irrigation- Health and education; clinics and health centers; primary schools and other

learning institutions.

The modern technological information world calls for protection of water resources.

The protection agenda can be disseminated to the end users of this water.

Commitment will need to be backed by substantial and immediate investment public


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disasters like floods, soil erosion leading to soil fertility degradation and experience

rampant food insecurity and poverty. To keep up with the water challenge, they resort to

traditional way of conserving it and when it runs out, they travel long ways to fetch somemore. In addition, the water - related disasters are becoming rampant and food security is

not guaranteed. Thus, they invest heavily but the water - related disasters destroy all that.

ICTs for water resource management and food security now exist. When the information

is disseminated to the communities affected, they cannot only reduce water-related

disasters but also ensure the small scale farmers food security and hence alleviate poverty. These techniques need to be effectively communicated and the practice

implemented among community members of Mois Bridge and Kipkelion regions in RiftValley of Kenya. The research proposed shall focus on communicating modern water

resource management technologies and agricultural practice of producing sustainablefood through community participation in the project. The study contends that people of

the above areas can use ICTs to reduce water-related disasters and ensure sustainable

food production and security. Further, their involvement will only be possible throughengaging in their native dialects. The study seeks to accomplish the following:

Identify the water reservoirs

Establish what techniques are used for farming

find out the peoples awareness about effective water conservation and effective

farming techniques

Train and educate the incumbents the effective techniques for conserving water

and farming, by demonstrating using demonstration farms.

Finally create appropriate documentation that can be disseminated to the rest of

the region on the lessons learnt and actions that need to taken to improve on waterconservation and farming


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In addition, the inquiry is prompted by studies dealing with the transfer of knowledge,

which have conclude that University and tertiary graduates working as extension agents

fail to effectively communicate to the ordinary rural Kenyans the new technologies theyhave acquired. This is primarily because they learn the technologies in English in their

institutions and cannot effectively communicate in the native dialect (Republic of Kenya,

1981, 1999, Thomson, 2001). The significance of using the target communitys languagehas been recognized by international organizations like the GTZ. Since 1996, the GTZ

has been conducting an adult education project in 16 districts where teaching and

harnessing of indigenous known large publications in Kiswahili and local languages aredone (Thomson, 2001). These adult learners constitute the bulk of the rural small scale

framers who could implement knowledge on information technologies and improvedfood production and security if they access it in the language they understand best.

The study will help expose the extent to which the problem of communicating new

technologies of water resource management has resulted in continued to water-related

disasters and food insecurity reduced in the rural Rift Valley of Kenya. Thereby this willcreate adequate information on which to stage informed responses to the challenges of

communicating water resource information technologies.

Policy makers in the Kenya government would benefit a great deal from the inquirys

findings in their continued efforts to seek and integrate lasting solutions to the problem of

water-related disasters and food security in the study area. Indeed findings of the

investigations will also challenge relevant authorities and stakeholders to come up withsustainable long term solutions to the problem. These will include ensuring effective

communication of new technologies water resource management, improved modes of

food production and security and involvement of the rural people in income generatingactivities through water resource management and improved sustainable methods of food

production.

3 3 O ll bj ti


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6. To assemble literature on management, water, agriculture and collective storage

and marketing for the farmers to use in the development of their own libraries.

7. Suggest effective communication approaches deliver new techniques for waterresource management and improved food security in the region.

8. To establish whether the residents use the available ICTs to share messages on

water management and food security.

4.0 Methodologies and activities

This study will be undertaken among rural communities and rural small scale farmers in

two districts of Rift Valley province of Kenya namely, Kericho and Tans Nzoia.

The research will employ participatory methods in identifying project sites, technologies

and water resources of interest to communities in the region as well as an appropriate

project monitoring and evaluation strategy. This process will involve participation oflocal communities to increase acceptance chances. Researchers will use transect walks,

water resources and plot land-use mapping to establish the current water and farming

practices. The community members will be engaged in Joint Focus Groups, instakeholder consultative meetings and individual discussions. These participatorymeetings will be used to identify current practices and needs in the communication of

technologies and the water management, food production processing and storage.

Stakeholders will include farmers, extension agents, agro-traders, water specialists,farmers cooperatives, provincial administration, researchers and development agents

including NGOs, churches and community groups operating in the area.

These meetings will also involve structured interviews that will be guided by interviewschedules. Two separate and structured questionnaires will be designed, tested, refined

and administered. One of the questionnaires will target farmers and the other will target

local development organizations and agents. The questionnaires will be used to collect


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will concentrate on five divisions that have been purposively selected due to incidences

of water-related disasters. For each division, 2 administrative locations will be randomly

selected to form the first stage of the sample. 20 villages will be randomly selected fromeach location. With the assistance of local extension agents and ministry of agriculture

records, one farmer will be randomly selected from each village for the interviews and

administration of the questionnaires. A total of 400 respondents will be studied in thisproject. The questionnaires and interview scheduled will be developed and tested in

collaboration with farmer representatives and other project partners in a participatory

process. Quantitative data collected will be compiled, analyzed and descriptive statisticsand correlations among variables derived. The survey results will be reinforced with data

colleted from secondary sources including population census and water related disasterstudies. The results will be presented in tables, charts and graphs. A scientific paper will

be published from the findings of study.

4.3 Technology demonstrations

The project will identify one farm in each location that will be used for the purpose of

technology demonstrations and simple adoptive research activities. Several field trails

and tests involving water use will be established to demonstrate to the farmingcommunity the improved food production methods during field days. Groups of farmers

and other members of the community will be organized to visit these sites, undergo

training in various topics and collect information materials. Farmers visiting the

demonstration plots will be interviewed on current farming practices and constraints incommunicating new technologies to them.

4.4 Establishing a master farmer and water resource program

The key to solving farmers problems rests not in the response of outside parties toconfounded production constraints, but rather the farmers own ability to diagnose andcorrect problems as they arise. Community members interact with, and seek assistance

from water specialists and this situation provides an entry point for rural development.


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together major project partners to plan project activities and distribute funds. Research

methods, reporting procedures and field activities will also be discussed.

4.6 Stakeholder workshopA stakeholder workshop will be conducted to educate local farmers and development

organizations on latest technologies and water resource management, identifyopportunities for improving technology transfer and initiate linkages between research,

extension, development organizations and the farming and business community. The

workshop will be attended by 60 participants from the farming, agro-business, extensionand policy research and community development agencies. The workshop will be

conducted using oral presentations, various components of ICTs, exhibitions, group andpanel discussions and live contests on the latest technologies of farming, communicationand sustainable food production. The workshop will be conducted using local native

dialects, Kiswahili and English. A final 3 day workshop will be held to disseminate

research findings.

4.7 Access to ICT for Water Resource Management and Food SecurityThe widespread need for better water resource and food production information emergesduring discussions with farmers. Addressing this need will be one of the major goals of

the project. Most farming communities lack access to the standard East African reference

texts and trade journals on water resource management, food production and marketing.

The project will develop a call for information strategy for all project partners todetermine which information is needed. This will be part of the needs assessment

activity. This will be followed by a collection of literature for use by the various farmer

groups in the project areas. A system of cataloguing incoming and borrowed documents

and publications will also be developed, allowing for each farmers groups to initiate itsown documentation library. This activity will be conducted throughout the project and

result in launching farmers libraries at its end. The project will compile information intovideo presentation that will be broadcasted on national and local radios as audio and


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with existing NGO networks and water specialists. The project will conduct a total of 30

field days with 3 activities in each of the 10 locations.

5.0 Collaboration

The project will be implemented by multi-disciplinary team comprising of

communication and information technologists, agricultural and water resource

economists, research specialists and extension specialists. Curriculum vitae of lead

investigators are presented in Appendix.

5.1. Moi University

Department of communication studies (Juliet Macharia, FlorenceNekesa, Marcella Mainye)

The department will lead the investigation. In addition, they will assist in developing andrefining information materials, preparing survey instruments and in preparation of

scientific publications for the project sites. They will also be involved in utilization ofICTs in dissemination of water technologies especially in the equipping the information

centers at project sites.

School of Environmental Studies (Peter Isaboke Omboto)The school will develop the data collection instruments and tools and analyze the water-

related disasters faced by farmers. The school will also assess the diffusion of

information regarding appropriate technologies in water conservation and managing

water related risks.

During the project, the school will also be involved in utilization of ICTs indissemination of information and technologies especially in the equipping of the


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improved programs of water, extension support and agricultural information are realize

sustainable food security. Local agro-traders and retail outlets will also benefit from

improved levels of water resources and crop production. The research and agriculturaland water extension services by both the government ministries and non-governmental

organizations will benefit from new information extension and communication. The

higher learning institutions will have access to water resource management, new farmingtechnologies and information. Local schools and middle level institutions located in

project sites will access information centers that will be established besides realizing

better access to clean water and sustained food production.

7.0 Expected results

7.1 Inventory of water recoursesThe project will compile and publish information on water resource management andwater related disasters and trend in the specified regions of the Rift Valley province.

7.2 Water conservation for farmersControl of water and water resource management methods will be introduced and

popularized to the farmers and all water users in the region.

7.3 New and effective communication methodsThe project will refine approaches used in communicating new technologies to farmers &water users in a way that they are able to adopt them.

7.4 New information in the information centersThe documentation introduced at the information centers at location level will improve

target population access to information on water and food production using.


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8.2 Empowerment of both men and women as farmers

The improvement of water resources and food production will provide a major

opportunity to improve the status and income of the women fraternity. This will enhancetheir contribution to household affairs and their position in the family.

8.3 Poverty reduction

Using ICTs to communicate modern farming technologies and water resourcemanagement, the incumbents are likely to realize an improvement in food production and

food security which should lead to surplus for sale hence generating wealth. This will

have a positive impact on their socio-economic well being and thereby alleviate water-

related disasters and food risks leading to poverty.

8.4 Improved access to information

Community members in these regions face constrained access to water resource and

agricultural information which the project seeks to improve through establishment of

information centers, attachment of university students to project sites, publication anddistribution of extension materials and broadcasting on various technologies such as

television, radio and print media. Emphasis will be laid on availing the information inlocal languages.

8.5 Technology transfer

The community will learn and adopt better farming and water conservation techniques,

promoted through the project. Insight from the surveys and interactions with the

community members and other stakeholders will contribute to refining approaches oftechnology transfer.


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9.0 Work Plan and Activities

2007October December

Receive and distribute funds.

Conduct planning meeting to refine annual activity schedule.

Finalize interview schedules and questioners.

Identify demonstration plots.

Select various water resources and technologies with community members.

Conduct initial training of 25 Master farmers and others.

Distribute equipments of improved water technology

Establish short-rains field trails and demonstrations.

Conduct farm visits to farmers participating in the project.

Assemble water and agricultural literature.

Quarterly reports review

2008

January-March Selection of community members for interview.

Administer interviews and questionnaire.

Survey data compilation and analysis.

Preparation of manuscript for journal publication.

Attach students to project sites. Establish rural water resource information centers in project sites.

Conduct water resource conservatives.

Conduct training of water resource managers.

Student attachment assessment and reports

Broadcast documentary on national television and radio.

Distribute materials and resources for water resources management.

Quarterly reports review.

Conduct water sites and farm visits to farmers and others participating in theproject.

Assemble water and agricultural literature.

April-June Monitor students activities at project sites


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10.0 Monitoring and EvaluationThe project will conduct continuous internal monitoring and arrange a final external

evaluation. Continuous internal monitoring will be the responsibility of the Principal

investors. Monitoring will be accomplished through on-site visits, assigning regularwritten reports by cooperates and through the compilation and interpretation of formal,

closed-open-ended surveys. The final external evaluation will be arranged and conducted

by an external evaluator from Moi University Departments of communication studies. An

evaluation workshop involving a cross-section of stakeholders will be conducted at the

last quarter of the project to assess performance and impacts of the project in reducingrisks and maximizing food security in the project areas. Researchers will present their

findings, farmers present their observations, development organizations share theirinterpretations and the group will refine approaches to effectively deliver information

technologies to the inhabitants.

A logical framework has been developed as a summary description of the project (Table

2). The logical framework will guide project implementation and evaluation of its

performance. The framework will be refined further during the project planning meeting

scheduled at the beginning of the project. The external evaluation team, stakeholders andother project partners will use the logical framework to evaluate the project. The

evaluation team will prepare an independent report that will be submitted along with the

projects report. The continuous internal monitoring and external evaluation will bereported through a published end of project Technical Report and Financial Statement.


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11.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Okoth J.S. Abira, M.A. and Awuor, V.O (1977); Potential Impacts of Climatic Change in

Kenya works of a health environment-climate Network Africa CAN, Nairobi.

Okoth Ogendo H.W.O. and Ojwang J.B. (1995); a Climate change, the IPCC Impacts,

Assessment World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Program,Australia.

Lewis James (1999); development in Disaster- Prone Places; Studies of Vulnerability;

Intermediate Technology Publication, UK.

Salman, M.A. SALMAN and Daniel, D.B (2006); Regulatory frameworks for Water

Resources Management; A Comparative study, The Word Bank Washington D.C.

Preamble to the European Union Water Framework Directive (2000).

Engendering Development; through gender Equality in Rights, Resource and Voice-A

Word Bank Policy Research Report, Oxford University Press USA (2001).

The Impact of Climate change; UNEP/GEMS Environment Library No. 10, Words andpublications Oxfords England (1993).

Maskrey Andrew (1989); Disaster Mitigating, A community based Approach,

development Guidelines, No. 3, Oxfam, Garamond.

Franco, Eduardo (1955) El Desastre natural en Piura, in Desastre y sociadad en America

Latina Grupo Editora Latnoamvica Buenos Aires.


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12.0 Research Team Information

Juliet W. MAcharia, Moi University ( Principal Researcher)

Ms Juliet Macharia is almost PhD in Communication Technology at Moi University(Completed course work and submitted thesis for examination). She is a Senior lecturer

and Head of Department at Moi University in the School of Human Resources

Development and Communication Studies. She has widely researched and published inInformation Communication Technologies and Community Empowerment. E-mail

[email protected]; tele. 0202030163 and 0721-213408

Dr. Grace Mbagaya, Moi University (Researcher 1)

Dr. Grace Mbagaya holds a PhD in Family Science and Consumer Technology, Moi

University. She is a senior lecturer in School of Agriculture and Biotechnology. She has

widely researched in foods security and development. Tel. 0724- 231495

Florence Nekesa Simiyu, Moi University (Researcher 2)

Ms. Florence Nekesa Simiyu is pursuing M.Phil in Communication Studies. She is asenior administrative officer in Moi University. She has widely researched in community

development, social cultural profiles and administration. E-mail [email protected];tel. 0724238810

Peter Isaboke Omboto, Moi University. (Researcher 3)

Mr. P.I. Omboto is a PhD candidate in Environmental Studies at Moi University. He is a

Lecturer in the School of Human Resource Development. He has researched widely inforestry, wetlands and food security. E-mail - [email protected]; tel 0724 154 131

Marcella Moraa Mainye, Moi University (Researcher 4)Ms. M. M. Mainye is pursuing M.Phil in Communication Studies from Moi University.

She is a part-time lecturer in Moi University Satellite Campus. She has widely researched

in communication community-based projects and Community empowerment E-mail
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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13.0 Budget (Kshs.)

13.1 Budget items

Item Total

Surveys 869,000.00

Communication Expenses Moi 254,000.00

Filed Expenses 272,000.00

Training 240,000.00

Meetings and workshops 575,000.00Information and Communication Technology 290,000.00

Monitoring, evaluation and reports. 209,000.00

Total 2,619,000.00

CHE Administrative Costs 290,000.00

Grand Total 2,909,000.00

13.2 Budget notesBaseline and community surveys (Moi University)

Item Num Days Rate Amount

Research Team

Principal Researcher 1 30 4300 129,000.00

Researcher 1 1 30 3900 107000.00

Researcher 2 1 30 3300 99000.00

Researcher 3 1 30 3300 99000.00Researcher 4 1 30 2500 75000.00

Research Assistants 2 20 1,500 60,000.00

Vehicles on hire 2 30 5,000 300,000.00


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Item Number Days Rate Amount

Field Travel: 3 project staff, 12 months, 3 days a month 3 3 1,500.00 162,000.00

Material Expenses: 50 farmers, 2 seasons 50 1 500.00 50,000.00

Demonstration Dams: 10 sites for 12 months 10 1 500.00 60,000.00

Sub -Total 272,000.00

Training (Moi University)

Item Number Freq Rate Amount

Field days: 10 sites, 2 events 20 4 2,000 160,000.00

Adaptive research farmers 50 1 500.00 25,000.00.00

Facilitators ( specialists) 4 2 4000 32,000.00

Demonstration Materials,(CDs, Tapes, & DVDs, brochures) 10,000.00

Stationery 5000.00

Hire of Hall @ 4000 1 2 8000.00

Sub -Total 240,000.00

Meetings and workshopsItem Number Freq Rate Amount

Planning meeting: 20 participants 20 1 2,500.00 50,000.00

Stakeholder evaluation workshop: 50 participants 50 1 2,500.00 125,000.00

Workshop for Dissemination of Findings 3days 200 1 2000 400,000.00

Sub -Total 575,000.00

Information and Communication Technology

Item Months Count Rate Amount

Supplies 9 5 1,000.00 45,000.00

Hire Equipment : P.A, water testing equipment, 10 6,000.00 60,000.00

Lit t A i iti 1 5 25 000 00 125 000 00


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13.3 Procurement procedures

The acquisition of all durable items for this project will follow the public procurement

procedures through the Moi university purchasing officer. At the end of the project, theitems shall become the property of the Department of Community studies at Moi

University. For the external evaluation, competitive bidding will be initiated through

publication of a request and submission of the Expressions of Interest from variousresearchers and development specialists. The lower bidder with best expertise will be

selected by the joint committee of the researchers from RWDAS program and Moi

University to undertake the evaluation, purchase of all project suppliers and use of fundswill be subject to Moi University and RWDAS procedures and also subject to audit by

both the University and RWDAS auditors.


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Table 2. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: the Logical Framework

Objectively verifiable indicators Means of verification Assumptions

Overall Objective

Use ICTs for water resource

management to control water-related

disasters hence reducing risks and

maximizing food production inKipkelion and Mois Bridge divisions.

400 Members in 2 districts accessed ICTs

for improved foods production, wealth

creation and poverty reduction.

Provincial and district water resource

production and marketing statistics

Publications in internationally

recognized journals

External evaluation reports

Community members are willing

to adopt the use of new varieties

of water resources and food

production.

Purpose

To facilitate the better access of

farmers to new and improved

information technologies of water

resource management in the two areas

of Rift Valley Region of Kenya.

Effective extension operations

Established within ten locations in five

administrative divisions and two districts

of the Rift Valley, Kenya.

New and higher yielding varieties of

traditional crops are distributed in 10

locations of the Rift Valley.

400 farmers and others secure improvedprofitability through control of water-

related disasters and collective storage

operations.

NGOs, church and project reports

Reports by external evaluators.

Reports by District Water resource

programs officers in project areas.

Inventories of literature in rural

information centers established by

project.

Current agricultural extension is

weak and remains so over the

project duration.

New crop varieties can be

purchased, repacked and

distributed to farmers through

the formal extension system.

Farmers have skills to cultivatenew traditional crop varieties.

Expected Results

Inventory of water resources.

Compile and publish information on

water resources practices and trends in

the Rift Valley Region.

ICTs for community.New and

improved information methods

introduced and popularized tocommunity in the region.

New and effective communication

methods. Refine approaches used in

communicating new technologies to

farmers in a way that they are able to

adopt them. University students learn

ICTs for water resource practices

characterized in the Rift Valley Region of

Kenya.

Water dams and reservoirs identified and

promoted through adaptive, on-water farm

research and fields demonstrations.

10-20 University students attached toprovide extension support in two districts

of the Rift Valley region.

50 master farmers commissioned in crop

and agricultural resource management.

Project reports

Water resource magazines

National television and radio.

Publications in scholarly journals.

Reports of District Water resource

Officers.

Inventories of literature in rural

information centers established by

project.

External opportunities for seed

supply and marketing remain

unchanged during the project

duration.

University students are able to

acquire complex extension skills

and remain in project areas

during the project duration.

Most-skilled farmers are willing

to instruct others on new

technologies.


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new communication approaches.

New information centers. Enhancing

local public offices to act as libraries

and documentation centers at location

levels to improve farmers access to

information on water and food

production using modern

communication technology.

Wealth creation. Community

sustained production technologies,

implement water resources; realize

surpluses for local markets to generate

income.

5000 extension booklets distributed to 400

community members in 10 demonstrative

locations.

5 information centers/libraries established

in five districts to improve access to

agricultural information.

A paper on improving access to new

traditional crop varieties published in a

scholarly journal.

Articles and features in national magazines

on agriculture.

Booklets are written in a

language and style

understandable to rank and file

local people.

On-farm adaptive research is

able to pioneer and promote newfarming technologies.

Activities

1. Baseline survey and sampling

design

2. Technology demonstrations.

3. Establishing a Waster WaterProgram

4. Project Planning meeting.

5. Stakeholder workshop

6. Upgrading Information Access

through ICT.

7. Expanding Extension

Services.

8. Linking Community to Water

Resource management.

9. Adaptive Research Process

and Goals

1. Five information centers

operational in five districts

2. 20 open and field training

exercises conducted in 10

locations in the two regions.3. 10 University students recruited,

attached and prepare fieldwork

plans.

4. 50 community members

commissioned.

5. Water-related equipment and

materials purchased and

distributed to the 10 locations.

6. Food surpluses marketed to local

markets.

7. 50 on-farm trails conducted in

five divisions over 9 months.

University students produce lists of

literature and borrowing records.

Training reports and lists of

participants. Extension annual reportscompiled and distributed.

Database of community members and

their activities maintained and

summarized in project reports.

Copies of delivery records maintained

by the attached students and

summarized in project reports.

Fields protocols developed and farmer

field days held.

Target administrative locations

do not have master farmer

programs.

Target project sites do not haveinformation centers.

Moi University is willing to

attach students to project sites.

Water resource access is limited.

Community members are willing

to acquire and cultivate

improved varieties of traditional

crops.

Documents

Ict for Hiv-Aids Management in Kenya