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ICT challenges for Somalia
…. and how the World Bank can help
2-3 June 2015
Dr Tim Kelly, Lead ICT Policy Specialist, World Bank
Parliamentarian Workshop, World Bank, Nairobi
1
ICT Growth Trends in Africa
African penetration World penetration
45
69
10
19
0
20
40
60
80
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Mobile Mobile broadband
Fixed broadband Internet
0
20
40
60
80
100
Mobile Mobile broadband
Fixed broadband Internet
Source: ITU.
How does Somalia compare? Mobile
6
25 27 28
44 49
56 57
71
Eritrea SouthSudan
Ethiopia Djibouti Uganda Somalia Tanzania Rwanda Kenya
Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people), 2013
Monopoly
Source: ITU.
How does Somalia compare? Broadband
0.5
1.8 1.9
3.6
7.7
9.0
10.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Somalia SouthSudan
Djibouti Uganda Kenya Ethiopia Tanzania
3G (2013) (per 100 people)
Source: ITU.
How does Somalia compare? Mobile Money
12 17
20
31
42
Djibouti Tanzania Uganda Somalia Kenya
Account at formal financial institution
Source: Adapted from Global Findex (http://go.worldbank.org/1F2V9ZK8C0)
3 3 5
13
26
Djibouti Uganda Tanzania Kenya Somalia
Mobile phone used to pay bills
6
20 25
32
67
Djibouti Tanzania Uganda Somalia Kenya
Mobile phone used to receive money
4
14 20
32
60
Djibouti Tanzania Uganda Somalia Kenya
Mobile phone used to send money
For
Som
alia
, d
ata
excl
ud
e r
egi
on
s o
the
r th
an S
om
alila
nd
; fo
r U
gan
da,
exc
lud
es
No
rth
ern
re
gio
n.
Price of mobile broadband (GB/month)
Price of fixed broadband (1 Mbit/s month)
Ch
ad
Cam
ero
on
Mal
i
Equ
ato
rial
Gu
inea
Nig
er
Leso
tho
Gu
inea
-Bis
sau
Bu
rkin
a Fa
so
Ben
in
Co
mo
ros
Togo
Tan
zan
ia
Mad
agas
car
Nam
ibia
An
gola
Eth
iop
ia
Nig
eria
Bo
tsw
ana
Zam
bia
Sen
egal
Co
te d
'Ivo
ire
Som
alia
Mau
rita
nia
Ke
nya
Seyc
hel
les
Mo
zam
biq
ue
Sud
an
Zim
bab
we
Sao
To
me
&…
Sou
th A
fric
a
Gab
on
Mau
riti
us
Mal
awi
Gh
ana
Landlocked (Average Price: 438.82 USD PPP)
Coastal (Average Price: 206.61 USD PPP)
3000
2000
1000
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
8
How the internet affects development
9
ICTs driving development in East Africa
2.7%
3.9%
3.4%
2.5%
2.9%
0%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
3%
4%
4%
5%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Communications sector as a % of GDP (constant prices)
Tanzania
Kenya
Rwanda0.5% 0.2%
0.8%
5.7% 5.1%
6.9%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
Kenya(2013)
Rwanda(2013/14)
Tanzania(2012)
GDP growth
Comm. sector contribution to GDP growth
Source: National statistical offices.
8% 11.5% 3.2%
Share of GDP growth
10
WBG ICT engagement in Somalia
Phase 1: Signed in May 2014 (US$2m) Funded by State and Peace-building Fund Component 1: Enabling Environment, including legal and regulatory support Component 2: Enhancing Connectivity, including IXP and Communications Rooms
Phase 2: 2015-2018 (US$14m + US$1.5m EU funding) Funded by Somalia Multi-Partner Fund and AfricaConnect program Component 1, including regulatory support and legal framework for mobile money Component 2, including expanded Communications Rooms program, support for Somalia Research and Education Network (REN) and SIM Card registration Component 3: Project Management
Possible Phase 3: PPP options for backbone infrastructure Proposed under Horn of Africa Initiative Preparatory funding from Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) North coast festoon cable Terrestrial backbone network
11
The first mile The middle mile The last mile The invisible mile Network components
International internet access, including landing stations, satellite dishes, etc.
National backbone and inter-city network
Local access network Non-visible network components, including spectrum, border crossings, cybersecurity
Competition policies
Licensing of ISPs
Liberalization of international gateway
Licensing of satellite dishes and orbital slots
Domain name registry
Licensing of nationwide operators
Interconnection & Infrastructure sharing
Cross-sector participation
Licensing of local operators
Unbundling the local loop
Value-added service providers, including mobile money
Market mechanisms (e.g. auctions and resale) for spectrum assignment
Access to essential network facilities, including address database
Public / Private Partnership
Privatization of international gateways
Participation in int’l cable and satellite consortia
Regulation of legal intercept
Privatization of the incumbent operator
Establishment of IXPs
Local hosting of content
PPP approach where market fails (e.g. rural areas)
Universal service obligations
Virtual landing stations (for landlocked countries)
Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)
Effective regulation
Opening to foreign ownership and investment
National representation at relevant national and regional bodies (e.g. ITU, ICANN, WTO)
Safeguards on significant market power
Open access rules for national backbone
Rights of way for linear infrastructures
Open access rules for local loop and central office exchanges
Coordination of planning permission for public works among operators and utilities.
Spectrum management and refarming
SIM card registration
Data protection
Key regulatory decisions
ICT Sector Support in Somalia, Phase 2
• Component 1: Establishing an enabling environment (US$4.5m) – Ongoing ICT Regulatory Support, including passage of Communications
Act, establishing ICT regulatory agency and capacity building – Regulatory framework for mobile money, including regional
benchmarking study and preparation of draft legal documents, in collaboration with Central Bank, MoF, private sector etc
• Component 2: Efficiency and equity in access to connectivity (US$7.8m + US$1.5m EU funding) – Establishing a framework for SIM Card Registration – Supporting connectivity in the higher education sector, including through
advance purchase of bandwidth capacity for the Somalia REN, establishing a network operation centre and capacity-building
– Extending communications rooms to key ministries, across the Federal Government and extending also to Puntland, Somaliland and other economic zones
• Component 3: Project Management and coordination (US$1.7m)
Horn of Africa, Connectivity
Gaps
Consultations with stakeholders
• Stakeholder workshops and bilateral meetings
• In Nairobi (in September 2014 and January 2015)
• In Mogadishu (in April 2014 and September 2014)
• In Puntland (in February 2014 and March 2015)
• In Somaliland (in April 2014)
• With Jubbaland and South West (at events in Nairobi, January 2015)
• World Bank Appraisal Mission
• December 1-12
• Consultations with Government
• Briefings with Ministries of Finance and Higher Education and with Office of the President and Office of the Prime Minister
• Workshop with Parliamentarians, June 2-3 2015
Coordination with development partners
• Joint missions and project preparation with AfDB
• The two teams conducted the Mogadishu part of the ICT Needs Assessment study together in Nov/Dec 2013
• Coordination with AU/UN Info Support Team
• Joint funding of program with EU Africa Connect
• Joint workshop with ITU, Nairobi, 22-23 September 2014
• SDRF endorsement, March 23, 2015
• ICT Development Partners in Somalia (hosted by World Bank)
• First meeting, Oct 3 2013
• Second meeting, Feb 7 2014, with private sector
• Third meeting, May 5 2014, with H.E Minister Ibrahim
• Fourth meeting, September 24, 2014
• Fifth meeting, June 8 2015, with H. E. Guled Kassim
Thanks
• Axel Rifon Perez ([email protected])
• Rachel Firestone ([email protected])
• Tim Kelly ([email protected])