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ICT AND NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGMS IN S.E.ASIA
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE ICT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFUSION IN S.E. ASIA
HIGHLIGHTING SOME EMERGING ISSUES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
THE ROLE OF ICT IN AN ECONOMY- FOUR BUILDING BLOCKS
ICT Goods Sectors
Information Content Sectors
Communication Network Sectors
‘Informatization’ Sectors
ICT Goods Sector
Create, make and move physical hardware devices used in the processing and display of information( e.g. computers, consumer electronics, telephones, and other information appliances)
The Information Content Sectors
Create, make and move information(e.g. music, video, news and entertainment, software, etc.)
The Communication Network Sectors
Provide the enabling network infrastructures ( wired and wireless) to support the transmission of information between ICT devices.
The Informatization Sectors
(Diffusion of ICT)
Consist of the economic activities of utilizing ICT devices and information contents either for consumption by household users or for production by enterprises in all sectors of the economy so as to increase productivity or quality
ICT Production in S.E.Asia ASEAN-5: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia, Philippines 1985<US $9 billions
1998>US $92 billions( a ten fold increase in 13 years! Or an
average of > 20% per year)
19852% of World production share 19988.5% of World production share
Summary
S.E.ASIA has emerged as a major regional platform for the production of electronics goods in general and computer equipment in particular over the last 30 years
ICT Diffusion in S.E.Asia
Singapore stands out as further away from the rest of Southeast Asia states.
Singapore rank 10th in the world in terms of ICT spending as % of GDP and 6th as measured in terms of per capita spending
CONCLUSIONS Asean has made tremendous stride in
Leveraging the ICT revolution for economic development primarily through engaging in ICT goods production
Less so in creating information contents Less so in exploiting ICT goods and
information content throughout all economic sectors to enhance productivity and competitiveness
….Conclusions With the exception of Singapore, the
rest of ASEAN have fallen behind in the diffusion and adoption of ICT especially the Internet, e-commerce and wireless (i.e. less ‘e-readiness’)
Manufacturing ICT goods for the world markets has become more competitive with entries from China, Mexico and India.
Reasons for ASEAN Lack of ICT Diffusion Language barriers Slow pace of deregulation of
telecommunications and information content sectors
Adverse impacts of recent financial crisis Slow pace of regulatory reforms and
continued dominance of the ‘old’ economy Outdated industrial policies (e.g. export
oriented manufacturing)