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ICT AND E-LEARNING IN INDONESIA

Ramon MohandasNational Office for Educ. Research and Dev.

Ministry of National Education

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PopulationProvince Area (km2) Population Density (km2)

Jakarta 664 8,384,853 12,628

West Java 43,177 43,552,923 1,009

Central Java 32,549 30,856,825 948

Yogyakarta 3,186 3,109,142 976

East Java 47,923 34,525,588 720

Aceh 55,390 4,010,865 72

North Sumatera 71,680 11,476,272 160

West Sumatera 42,898 4,228,103 99

Riau 94,561 4,733,948 50

Jambi 53,436 2,400,940 45

South Sumatera 109,254 7,756,506 71

Bengkulu 19,789 1,405,060 71

Lampung 35,385 6,654,354 188

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PopulationProvince Area (km2) Population Density (km2)

West Kalimantan 146,807 3,740,017 25

Central Kalimantan 153,564 1,801,504 12

South Kalimantan 36,535 2,970,244 81

East Kalimantan 210,985 2,436,545 12

North Sulawesi 27,488 2,820,839 103

Central Sulawesi 63,689 2,066,394 32

South Sulawesi 62,483 7,787,299 125

Southeast Sulawesi 38,140 1,771,951 47

Maluku 51,830 1,200,067 23

North Maluku 26,041 777,503 30

Bali 5,633 3,124,674 554

West Nusa Tenggara 20,153 3,821,794 190

East Nusa Tenggara 47,349 3,929,039 83

Irian Jaya 421,981 2,112,756 5

Indonesia 1,922,570 203,456,005 106

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SCHOOL STATISTICS

Type of Schools Public Private Total

Elementary School

140,232 30,767 170,999

Jun. Sec. School 11,782 19,304 31,086

Gen. Sen. Sec. School

4,243 11,871 16,114

Higher Education 123 2077 2200

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PROBLEMS IN EDUCATION

Participation rateRetention rate

Quality of educationEducation budget

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DIGITAL DIVIDE

Investment, capital, infrastructure,know-how, and expertise

Fertile ground for instability(global, regional, and national)

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Existing infrastructure

Telephone density: 3% of population

Internet connections: 1 / 10,000Estimated PCs: 3 millionsNational backbone: none

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Computer at Sen. Sec. Education

Type of Schools Own PCs Connected to Internet

General 90% < 25%

Vocational 95% < 10%

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Higher education profile

• Student 0.9M (public), 2.2M private, others 0.2M

• Participation rate : 13%

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Participation Rate

• Students / population of 18-23 years• 9% (1990), 10% (1995), 13% (2001)• China: 3.4% (1990), 7.2% (1995), 11%

(2000) • Malaysia 15%, Philippines 30%, Thailand

24%, Singapore 35%, Korea 68%

How to increase participation rate and quality with limited budget?

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