ICSAFS - WordPress.com · ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xi GENERAL INFORMATION Venue The venue of the conference is Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata( ). It is located at main Campus of Universitas

ICSAFS 2011

International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Challenges and Opportunities Bandung-Indonesia, 27-28 September 2011

Program Book

UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN www.agroconference.unpad.ac.id

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS _________________________________ i

REPORT OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE___________________ iii

WECLOMING AND OPENING SPEECH_____________________ v

COMMITTEE_________________________________________ vii

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE_______________________________ ix

GENERAL INFORMATION_______________________________ xi

SCHEDULE OF PARALLEL SESSIONS_______________________ xv

ABSTRACT OF ORAL SESSIONS___________________________ 1

ABSTRACT OF POSTER SESSIONS _________________________ 109

LIST OF SPONSORS____________________________________ 225

PARTICIPANT LIST____________________________________ 227

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ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia iii

REPORT OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE

His Excellency Vice Minister of Agriculture,

Distinguished speakers, participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,

May I wish you a very good morning,

On behalf of committee, I would like to extend a warm welcome to Vice Minister of Agriculture and all fellow participants to this conference. It gives me a great honor to host this conference in our university, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. The conference is jointly organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Industrial Agricultural Technology, and Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences.

The conference is attended by 350 participants from 25 countries, including researchers, lecturers, students, government institution and non-governmental organization. The organizing committee received 120 papers for oral presentations, and about 150 papers for poster presentations. The scientific meeting will be arranged into 2 general plenary presentation by 12 invited speakers delivered by 4 Indonesian invited speakers and 8 overseas speakers; 6 parallel sessions as well as poster session during two day conference. The subjects range from the strategy and policy towards achievement of sustainable agriculture for food security in the context of climate change and energy crisis. I am sure that the selected topics will provide you with a wealth of information and many opportunities for discussions.

The conference aims to promote mutual understanding, to develop international cooperation and information sharing regarding the challenges and opportunities of sustainable agriculture and food security. It also seeks to enhance networking as well as the creation of strategic alliances between various stakeholders and to make a recommendation for achievement of sustainable agriculture for food security.

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High appreciation is also addressed to the distinguished speakers who kindly responded in a positive way to our request. The conference can be held on time due to various help and supports. On behalf of committee, please allow me to express our grateful appreciation and sincere thank especially to PT Syngenta Indonesia, PT Vitafarm, Bank BNI-46, Bank Mandiri, and Bank BJB and those who have contributed and supported to the success of the conference. Our appreciation goes particularly to your kind enthusiasms and positive respond to this meeting. I wish you a successful scientific meeting and hopefully come to further collaboration for your research activities. In the last I wish you all have a nice seminar and have a good time in Bandung.

Thank you.

Prof. Dr. Benny Joy Chairman of the Steering Committee

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia v

WECLOMING AND OPENING SPEECH

His Excellency Vice Minister of Agriculture,

Member of Steering Committee, Participants, Distinguished guests,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good morning,

On behalf of Universitas Padjadjaran, please allow me to extend our warmest welcome and greetings to all participants from the various countries that are here with us in our campus in Bandung. I would like to congratulate and greatly appreciate to the committee of the International Conference: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Challenges and Opportunities, who has organized seminar intensively, as consequence, this conference could be taken place in time as we all intended.

It is our great pleasure and honor to host this very important conference which has been jointly organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Industrial Agricultural Technology, and Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences.

I realize that all of you are fully dedicated to the sessions that will follow but I do hope you will also take time to enjoy fascinating Indonesia with its tropical setting, friendly people and various cultural cuisines. These gatherings also enable the building of a productive dialogue among countries. It will also provide invaluable opportunity for networking and fruitful contacts among participants from various countries.

This event is a part of several activities of the 54th anniversary commemoration of our university. Since sustainable agriculture and food security are very important issues in Indonesia, Universitas Padjadjaran has also considered this issue to be very vital for agricultural sciences development as well as for the country development program in agriculture as a whole. Our university has been working to promote food security and sustainable agriculture system through research, dissemination, education, community

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services and professional practice. We take an interdisciplinary approach to the environmental sustainability, health and socio-cultural aspects of food security.

As we know that global populations is rising rapidly, world agriculture faces critical challenge of producing and distributing sufficient food, feed, and fiber to meet increasing demand in conditions of changing climate and scarce natural resources. Innovative policies and new farming approaches based on a strong scientific base are needed to tackle the challenge of increasing agricultural production while also meeting environmental, economic, and social goals. In this meeting, we expect that the key concept of sustainable agriculture in promoting the conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources, which allows long term economic growth and enhancement of production capacity, along with being environmentally acceptable will be delivered.

Meanwhile four dimensions of food security i.e. availability, physical access, economic access and utilization, are gained much more attentions by many countries in the world. Due to the fact that the rise in food prices in 2007-2008, followed by the financial and economic crisis in 2009, has keen awareness on poverty and hunger issues around the world. Indonesia addresses this concern domestically through measures such as rice self-sufficiency efforts, diversifying food sources, supporting local farms, technology innovations and many more efforts.

Today and tomorrow we will be witnessing, discussing and listening to progress that have been made in the area of sustainable agriculture and food security from different parts of the world. I wish the participants a very fruitful and productive meeting and I am looking forward to hearing the outcome and constructive conclusions of this meeting. Herewith I officially open this conference.

Thank you.

Prof. Dr. Ganjar Kurnia Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia vii

COMMITTEE

Steering Committee

1. Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran

2. Vice Rector for Cooperation Universitas Padjadjaran

3. Dean of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran

4. Dean of Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Padjadjaran

5. Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas

Padjadjaran

6. Dean of Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology Universitas

Padjadjaran

7. Prof. Florin Stanica- Universitatea Stiintifice Agronomice si

Medicina Veterinara Romania

8. Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers-Leibniz-institut Dummerstorf Germany

9. Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng-Nanyang Technological University

Singapore

10. Dr. Stevica Aleksic- Institute for Animal Husbandry Belgrade-

Zemun, Republic of Serbia

11. Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto-University of Helsinki Finlandia

12. Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd Zain bin S. Hasan, Faculty of

Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, UMT Malaysia

13. Prof. Youcai Xiong, MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland

Ecology, Lanzhou University, P.R. China

Organizing Committee

Chairperson:

Prof. Dr. Benny Joy, Ir., M.S.

Secretary:

Anne Nurbaity, S.P., M.P., Ph.D

Nono Carsono, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D

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Academic Group:

Dr. drh. Endang Yuni Setyowati, M.Sc.Ag

Novi Mayasari, S.Pt., M.Sc.

Dr. Siti Wahyuni H.S., Ir., M.S.

Oviyanti Mulyani, S.P., M.Si

Edy Subroto, S.T.P., M.P.

Organizing Group:

Dr. Hendronoto Arnoldus W. Lengkey

Dr. Iskandar, Ir., M.Si.

Boy Macklin, S.T.P., M.Si.

Treasury Group:

Dr. Rita Rostika, Ir., M.P.

Dr. Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Ir., M.P.

Tri Yuliana, S.Si., M.Si.

Comunication and information Group:

Dr. Lovita Adriani

Ichsan Nurul Bari, S.P., M.Si.

Shantosa Yudha Siswanto, S.P., M.Sc.

Wahyudin Lewaru, S.Pi., M.Sc.

Kharistya amaru, S.T.P., M.T.

General Affair:

Dr. Wagiono, Ir.

Pandi Pardian, S.T., M.B.A.

Dr. Tuti Widjastuti, Ir.,M.S.

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia ix

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE

Tuesday, 27 September 2011

08.00 - 09.00 Registration

09.00 - 09.05 Opening

09.05 - 09.10 Speech from Chairman of Conference

09.10 - 09.15 Speech from Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran

09.15 - 09.30 Art performance

09.30 - 10.00 Keynote Speech: Vice Minister of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia

Sustainable Agriculture to Meet Food Security Needs and Address Climate Change Challenges

10.00 - 10.30 Break

10.30 – 12.00 Plenary I Chair: Prof. Dr. Tarkus Suganda

10.30 - 10.50 Dr. Jack Bobo (USA)

Policies to Address The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security

10.50 - 11.10 Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng (Singapore) Biotechnology to Ensure Food Security

11.10 - 11.30 Prof. Dr. Carmencita Tjahjadi (Indonesia) Diversification of Food Products to Support Food Security:

Development of Food Products Based Sorghum Rice and Fluor

11.30 - 12.00 Discussion

12.00 - 13.30 Lunch and Poster Session I

13.30 – 15.00 Plenary II Chair: Dr. Anne Nurbaity

13.30 - 13.50 Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd. Zain (Malaysia) Biodiversity and Variety Improvement of Crop Plant

13.50 - 14.10 Prof. Dr. Florin Stanica (Rumania) New Fruit Cultivation Technologies in Europe

14.10 - 14.30 Prof. Dr. Youcai Xiong (China)

Ecological Rain-Fed Agriculture in Semiarid Loess Plateau of Northwest China


15.00 - 15.30 Break and Poster Session I

15.30 - 17.00 Parallel Presentation

19.00 - 20.30 Dinner hosted by Rector of Universitas Padjadjaran

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Wednesday, 28 September 2011

08.00 – 09.30 Plenary III: Chair: Dr. Tb. Benito A. Kurnani

08.00 - 08.20 Dr. Rochadi Tawaf (Indonesia)

Empowering Business of Local “Garut Sheep” for Small Holder Farmers in West Java Indonesia

08.20 - 08.40 Dr. Stevica Aleksic (Serbia)

New Technologies for Improvement of Yields and Quality of Beef of Domestic Cattle

08.40 - 09.00 Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers (Germany)

Application of Genomics Approaches to Unravel the Functional Biodiversity of Farm Animals


09.30 - 10.00 Break and Poster Session II

10.00 – 12.00 Plenary III Chair: Dr. Chay Asdak

10.00 - 10.20 Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto (Finlandia)

Characteristics of Indonesian Lakes and Fisheries Development

10.20 - 10.40 Prof. Dr. Yayat Dhahiyat (Indonesia)

Food Security of Floating Net Cage Aquaculture Product in The Lake

10.40 - 11.00 Prof. Dr. Tualar Simarmata (Indonesia)

Water Saving and Organic Based Technology for Remediating the Health of Paddy Soils and to Increase Rice Productivity in Indonesia

11.00 - 11.20 Dr. P.V. Vara Prasad (USA)

Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture to Improve Crop Productivity and Food Security of Small Holding Farmers in Africa


12.00 - 13.30 Lunch and Poster Session II

13.30 - 14.30 Parallel Presentation II

14.30 - 15.30 Parallel Presentation III

15.30 - 16.00 Break and Poster Session III

16.00 - 17.00 Parallel Presentation III

17.00 - 17.30 Closing Ceremony

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xi

GENERAL INFORMATION

Venue

The venue of the conference is Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata(❼). It is

located at main Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Dipati Ukur 35

Bandung, West Java Indonesia. Activities include Opening and Closing

Ceremonies, Plenary Sessions, Welcome Dinner, Poster Sessions and

Exhibitions will be held here.

For Oral Parallel Presentation Sessions, the rooms are:

1. Auditorium Faculty of Law 4th floor

2. Pleno Room

3. Bale Rumawat

4. Rectorate Hall, 3rd floor

5. Postgraduate Seminar Room 1, 2nd floor

6. Postgraduate Seminar Room 2. 2nd floor

Map of Venue

❶

❷

❸ ❹

❻

❺

❼

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Registration

The registration desk is located in the main front door of Graha

Sanusi Hardjadinata.

Opening hours:

Monday 26 September 2011 16.00 – 17.30 hours

Tuesday 27 September 2011 08.00 – 17.00 hours

Wednesday 28 September 2011 08.00 – 10.00 hours

Each delegate registered for the conference will receive conference

satchels at the registration desk.

A name badge with the yellow string will be your official pass and

must be worn to obtain entry to all sessions, the exhibition and social

functions. The delegate list containing the names, country of origin,

organizations and email address of registered delegates are included

in the conference satchels.

Finance

Bank is available in the campus. Please visit registration desk for help.

Delegates who have not make a payment for conference fee, could

do the payment when arrived at the conference venue. The payment

could be made by cash or credit/debit card (master or visa). The

receipt of payment will be given to each delegate.

Presentations

Poster

Participants with the ID of AGPT001-AGPT065 will display the posters

on the first day (27 September 2011) in the panels provided at Graha

Sanusi Hardjadinata. The posters with ID start from AGPT066-

AGPT140 will be displayed at the second day (28 September 2011).

Please visit registration desk to prepare the display of posters one

day or at least two hours prior to the presentation session.

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xiii

Time of poster session:

Tuesday 27 September 2011 I. 12.00 - 13.30

II. 15.00 - 15.30

Wednesday 28 September 2011 I. 09.30 - 10.00

II. 12.00 - 13.30

III. 15.30 - 16.00

Poster presenters should presence at the area of their poster at the

time of poster session.

The committee will give award to the best 3 poster presentations.

The awarded posters will be kept by the committee.

Oral Parallel Session

The parallel sessions will be held in the rooms as stated in the venue

section. The presentations has been arranged according to the topics.

Please check the detail of the schedule (displaying ID AGOR and

titles) in this booklet.

The oral presenters are strongly recommended to put the file of

presentation in USB flash disk that could be submitted to the

organizer one day prior or at least two hours prior to the

presentation session.

Time of oral parallel sessions:

Tuesday 27 September 2011 I. 15.30 - 17.00

Wednesday 28 September 2011 I. 13.30 - 14.30

II. 14.30 - 15.30

III. 16.00 - 17.00

The committee will give award to the best presentation.

Messages and Wireless Internet

All messages received during the conference will be placed on the

Message Board in the registration area. To collect or leave messages

please visit the Registration Desk.

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Wireless hot spots are available to all delegates within the

conference area. If you wish to access the internet please visit

Registration Desk.

Lunch and Morning/Afternoon Coffee/Tea

Tuesday 27 September 2011 :

10.00 - 10.30 Morning coffee in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata

12.00 - 13.30 Lunch in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata

15.00 - 15.30 Afternoon coffee in front of each parallel session room

Wednesday 28 September 2011 :

09.30 - 10.00 Morning coffee in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata

12.00 - 13.30 Lunch in Graha Sanusi Hardjadinata

15.30 - 16.00 Afternoon coffee in front of each parallel session room

Bandung at a Glance

Coordinates : 6o54’53.08” S 107o36’35.32”E

Country : Indonesia

Province : West Java

Culture : Sundanese

City area : 167.67 km2

Metron area : 2,216.6 km2

Elevation : 768 m (2520 ft)

City Population : 2,393,633

Metro Population : 7,414,560

Time zone : WIB (UTC +7)

Climate : Tropical humid

Temperature : averaged 23.6oc

Weather forcast for Bandung 27-28 September 2011: Partly cloudy

with chance of rain 30%.

Website : www.bandung.go.id

http://www.bandung.go.id/

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xv

SCHEDULE OF PARALLEL SESSIONS

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INVITED SPEAKERS

ICSAFS 2011

BANDUNG INDONESIA

NO ID NAME

COUNTRY E-mail

INSTITUTION

1 AGIS001 Dr. Bayu Krisna Murti, Ir., MS. INDONESIA ([email protected])

Vice Minister of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia

2 AGIS002 Dr. Jack Bobo USA ([email protected])

Senior Advisor for Biotechnology in the Bureau of Economic, Energy and Business Affairs (EEB) U.S. Department of State

3 AGIS003 Prof. Dr. Paul S. Teng SINGAPORE ([email protected])

Dean of Graduate Studies and Professional Learning Nanyang Technological University

4 AGIS004 Prof. Dr. Carmencita Tjahjadi INDONESIA ([email protected])

Faculty of Agro-industrial Technology Universitas Padjadjaran

5 AGIS005 Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohd. Zain MALAYSIA ([email protected])

Dean of Faculty of Food Technology Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

6 AGIS006 Prof. Dr. Florin Stanica RUMANIA ([email protected])

Universitatea Stiintifice Agronomice si Medicina Veterinara Bucharest

7 AGIS007 Prof. Dr. Youcai Xiong CHINA ([email protected])

MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University

mailto:[email protected]




xxiv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

8 AGIS008 Dr. Rochadi Tawaf INDONESIA ([email protected])

Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Padjadjaran

9 AGIS009 Dr. Stevica Aleksic SERBIA ([email protected])

Institute for Animal Husbandry Belgrade-Zemun

10 AGIS010 Prof. Dr. Klaus Wimmers GERMANY ([email protected])

Forschungsinstitut fur die Biologie and wirtschaftlicher Nutztiere

11 AGIS011 Prof. Dr. Pasi Lehmousloto FINLANDIA ([email protected])

Expedition Indodanau University of Helsinki, Finlandia

12 AGIS012 Prof. Dr. Yayat Dhahiyat INDONESIA ([email protected])

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran

13 AGIS013 Prof. Dr. Tualar Simarmata INDONESIA ([email protected])

Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran

14 AGIS014 Dr. P.V. Vara Prasad USA ([email protected])

Associate Professor - Crop Ecophysiology 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxv

AGIS 003

BIOTECHNOLOGY TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY

Professor Paul PS Teng

Senior Fellow (Food Security)

S Rajaratnam School of International Studies

Centre for non-Traditional Security Studies

and

Dean, Graduate Studies & Professional Learning

National Institute of Education

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [email protected]

Abstract

Food security consists of multiple dimensions of Food Availability,

Physical Access to food, Economic Access and Food Utilization.

Food availability is made up of production, imports and stockpiles,

each of different importance to people from food excess or food deficit

geographic areas. In the mid 20th Century, food production was a

major agenda for international development aid and the subsequent

―Green Revolution‖ of the 1960s helped avoid mass famine in many

parts of the world. Today, in a globally connected food supply chain,

export of food is becoming more important, and dependent on the

excess over consumption at the source of production. Maintaining

this excess in the face of growing demands for food and a declining

resource base to grow food, as well as challenges from alternate uses

for food biomass, all require significant increases in productivity and

total yield production in the coming years. The Food and Agriculture

Organization, U.N. has estimated that food production will have to

increase by minimally 50% to keep pace with demand by 2050.

Biotechnology is one set of technologies which offers potential to

significantly increase production by increasing yield potential and

reducing losses, and concurrently, ameliorating the effects of climate

change on food availability, physical access and its utilization.

Biotechnology applications ensure food security by increasing the

supply of crop-based foodstuffs and include a) Improving


xxvi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

conventional breeding using marker aided selection, b) Diagnostic

and early detection tools for reducing losses caused by pests and

diseases, c) Increasing the knowledge of genetics and ecology for

managing yield and losses (Biodiversity management), and d) Genetic

engineering for improved yield and pest resistance traits using

transgenes (genetically-modified or ―GM‖ crops). New traits to

address changes in the biotic (insect, disease, weeds) and physical

(soil, water, nutrients) environment have proven successful in

countering extreme weather events arising from climate change. Many

of these new traits, such as for drought and submergence tolerance,

insect and disease resistance, have been derived through biotech tools

such as genetic engineering or marker-aided selection. However,

beyond R&D, farmer adoption of new technologies is an issue. A

combination of supporting policies, technology and appropriate

knowledge extension is required to address food insecurity using

biotechnology.

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxvii

AGIS005

BIODIVERSITY AND VARIETY IMPROVEMENT OF

CROP PLANT

Sayed M. Zain HASAN (PhD)

Faculty Agro-technology and Food Science

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.

e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Crop diversity is the difference of cultivated plants used for producing

food, fodder, fibre, fuel, pharmaceuticals, etc. Nearly 2,500 plant

species have been cultivated worldwide and about 120-130 of them

have been considered as the commercial crops. Among these, only 30

crops provide 95% of human food and just four of them, i.e. rice,

wheat, maize and potatoes provide 60% food for the mankind. Crop

plants evolved from the wild species through domestication bringing

about genetic, physiological, morphological, and biochemical

changes which render the plant differs from its wild form. Nowadays,

a wide range of genetic and phenotypic diversity, called plant genetic

resources (PGR), exists in the crop species. PGR provides the basic

genetic material for improving crop varieties. Knowledge on the

collection, documentation, characterization, evaluation and

conservation of PGR are important to ensure that effort to save PGR

from becoming extinct and make it always available to plant breeders

are continued and enhanced. Variety improvement is a process of

changing the genetics of plants using plant breeding technique in

order to produce plants with characteristics desired by man.

Techniques of plant breeding including conventional technique of

selection and cross breeding, and the modern techniques of controlled

pollination, hybridization, embryo rescue, recombinant DNA,

doubling chromosome set/ number will be described in this paper.

Keywords: Diversity, Plant Genetic Resources, Crop

Improvement.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plants

xxviii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

AGIS 007

ECOLOGICAL RAIN-FED AGRICULTURE IN

SEMIARID LOESS PLATEAU OF NORTHWEST CHINA

You-Cai Xiong

MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou

University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Rain-harvesting agriculture has been extensively expanded in north-

west China particularly in the rain-fed agricultural areas of Loess

Plateau since the end of 1980s. Currently, it is bringing about a

revolutionary change to local social and economic and ecological

developments, especially supplying enough food and clothing to afford

34.2 million people. This paper presents the developmental processes

in traditional livelihood and current economy as a product of RHA

impulse over last decades. The RHA plays a positive role to balance

social-economical growth and natural ecosystem sustainability. Local

GDP increased by 129%, average grain output per hectare increased

by 63.1% while field soil erosion decreased by 32%, average soil

moisture increased by 12.6% from 1989 to 2009. Importantly, the use

efficiency of natural rainfall was improved from 4.5% to 25.8% and

soil organic carbon from 0.23‰ to 0.31‰ simultaneously. The RHA

is also found to change residents‘ lifestyle and livelihood pattern to

meet the challenge of global climate change. We therefore propose an

integrated model/concept of rain-harvesting ecological agriculture

(RHEA), which incorporates the RHA theory into the coupled human

& natural system (CHANS). The solution, evolution and

popularization of RHEA in N-W China provide a novel understanding

on the development and initiatives of dryland agriculture in semiarid

rain-fed agricultural areas in the next 100 years.

Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field

productivity, sustainability.


ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxix

AGIS008

EMPOWERING BUSINESS OF LOCAL “GARUT

SHEEP” FOR SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN WEST

JAVA INDONESIA

Rochadi Tawaf, Denie Heriyadi, Asep Anang, Munandar Sulaeman &

Rachmat Hidayat

Faculty of Animal Husbandry Padjadjaran University [email protected]

Abstract

There were approximately 6.2 million heads of sheep in West Java in 2010,

consisting of local and Garut sheep as known as indigenous sheep. Local

sheep developed in West Java is known as Priangan sheep, and historically

as a result of crossing among local, Kaapstad and Merino sheep. The

origin of the Garut sheep is believed from Garut regency, in which in

Cikajang (Cibuluh, Cikandang, and Cikeris villages) and Wanaradja

Districts. Most farmers in the two districts believed that the sheep is a

genetic resource of Garut Regency. The ear of the sheep was mainly

rudiment (rudimentary ear/rumpung on sundanese) or ngadaun hiris

(sundanese), like a leaf of Cajanus cajan a small triangular. The tail was

ngabuntut beurit or ngabuntut bagong (thin tail like a tail of rat or tail of

wild boar). Garut sheep is mostly kept as fighting ram or contest for

pleasure or hobby. During ram fighting and contests, it is accompanied with

traditional music and pencak silat (traditional dance). Based on supporting

carrying capacity, social and economic development, West Java has a high

potential region for Garut sheep in Indonesia. In order to empower the

business, the farmer’s organizations need to be developed intensively to be

Breeder Associations, intensive research on the genetic improvement,

educating the consumers, and governments need to develop central breeding for the Garut sheep.

Key words: empowering, farmers business and Garut sheep


xxx ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

AGIS011

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN LAKES AND

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

Pasi Lehmusluoto, Ph.D, (Limnology),

Expedition Indodanau, University of Helsinki, Finland

Mailing Address: Leppätie 4 A, FI-00780 Helsinki, Finland

Tel: +358 (440) 484 066; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Natural watershed depression lakes originate and were generally formed

during the ice ages by tectonic or volcanic activities. In contrast, river-

bottom lakes like floodplains, flooded forests and the man-induced

development activities create the ever-increasing number of reservoirs and

artificial water impoundments. Forbes already in 1887 understood that

―watershed‖ lakes are ancient isolated equilibriums and independent of the

surrounding land and ―river-bottom‖ lakes are appendages of rivers. Some

100 years ago it was recognized that the temperature-dependent

hydrodynamic and biogeochemical functions are driven by seasonal

temperature changes and in the peculiarly behaving tropical lakes they are

mostly irregularly wind-driven. High temperature and the thermal barrier

(metalimnion) between the upper water layer and deep water are important

in structuring and distribution of substances and interrelationships and

interaction of the ecosystem and bioactivity Watersheds of the river-

dependent reservoirs are much larger in relation to the water surface area of

the natural lakes. Because reservoirs are formed almost always in river

valleys, the basins are usually narrow and elongated reservoir continuums

from the riverine to transitional and to lake-like lacustrine conditions nearest

the dam. Whether naturally or artificially created, lakes share several

common physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and the lake

equilibriums alter, age and gradually dry out during the years. Lately land-

use and agriculture related runoff, communal wastewaters and industrial

effluents have taken a dominant polluter role with increasing consequences,

such as siltation, eutrophication and bioaccumulation of harmful substances.

For lakes nutrient-rich external loading from scattered and point sources is

the main reason of eutrophication, causing algal blooms, reduced oxygen

reserves and fish kills. Low oxygen levels or hypoxia affect fish production

and oxygen controls release of phosphorus from the bottom sediment. In

water, like in air, oxygen saturation must be at least 70-80% for the healthy

higher life but continued anoxia in the near bottom water causes internal

loading. The rapidly increasing on-lake pressures of the cage/ pen fish farms

directly pollute the lakes. In some areas airborne-precipitation and acid rain

may also need attention.


ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxi

AGIS012

THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON FOOD SECURITY OF

FLOATING NET CAGE AQUACULTURE IN THE LAKE

Yayat Dhahiyat

Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, the University of Padjadjaran

Jatinangor, Bandung 40600, Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract

Food security in fishery is very important to protect public health and

to enhance the economic growth. Food security in fishery started from

medium for living fish (water quality), seed, fish feed, aquaculture

practise until food processing. Floating net cage is the system of

aquaculture which usually conducted in the lake/reservoir and river.

Therefore the knownledge or characteristics of lake especially water

quality lake must be known. There are more than 500 of natural lakes

and 25 of reservoirs or man made/artificial lake in Indonesia. Both

natural and artificial lake is very important for human being and

environment, especially for energy (hydro electric power project) and

drinking water. The other function of lake is for irrigation, flood

control, tourism, aquatic sport, transportation as well as for floating

net cage aquaculture. For example natural lake in Sumatera namely

Lake Toba (North Sumatera) and Lake Maninjau (West Sumatera)

used for hydro electric power project and fisheries. While artificial

lake, actually the main function is for Hydro Electric Power Project,

beside that the people used for aquaculture development, particularly

floating net cage aquaculture for example Kuto Panjang (Riau),

Saguling, Cirata, Jatiluhur in Citarum River Basin (West Java),

Mrica (Central Java). However, pressure on the lake have been

occurred namely sedimentation and water pollution and

eutrophication from industry, agriculture and domestic activities.

Along Citarum River Basin, there are more than thousand industry

developed especially textile industry which dumped liquid waste into

the river and finally enter the reservoir of Saguling, Cirata and

Jatiluhur (Djuanda Reservoir), where the fishery activities developed.

Several water quality parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen


xxxii ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand, H2S, dan Pb have

increased while dissolved oxygen decreased. Several time ―overturn‖

occurred in the reservoir, which caused massive killed of fish because

of high concentration of chemical toxic substance like H2S and NH3.

In addition, concentration of heavy metal such as Pb detected in fish

meat of fish aquaculture and wild fish in Jatiluhur reservoir. In

relation to food security this condition must be aware (precautionary

principle/approach). In Cirata reservoir Koi Herpes Virus, because of

bad sanitation and water quality. While in Maninjau, in the last two

years the number of floating net cages reaches until 15,051 units, and

the using of fish food increases. However in this period overturn

occurred two times caused 14,000 ton and 500 ton of fish killed.

The government of Republic of Indonesia already have law,

regulation and guidelines concerning of Food, Food Security and

Guideline of Conduct of Aquaculture Practices. While internationally

FAO and WHO have published A Guide for national food safety

authorities.

Keywords: natural and artificial lake, floating net cages,

overturn, heavy metal, food safety

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxiii

AGIS013

MANAGEMENT OF WATER SAVING AND ORGANIC

BASED FERTILIZERS TECHNOLOGY FOR REMEDIATION

AND MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF PADDY SOILS AND

TO INCREASE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RICE

PRODUCTVITY IN INDONESIA

Tualar Simarmata, Benny Joy and Tientur Muktini

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University

Bandung

[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Rice is belong to the most important grain for Indonesia and act as

the main food for majority of the people and it has a great impact on

economic and political issue. The rice production in Indonesia is

dominated by permanent flooding or inundation system.

Intensification of permanent flooding of paddy soils not only reduces

the soil biological power significantly, but also restricts the roots

growth. The water requirement to produce one kilogram of rice in

continuously irrigated fields is approximately 3,000 – 5000 L, while

the theoretical minimum at the crop scale is as low as 600 L. Under

anaerobic condition, soil organisms cannot growth optimally and

estimated only about 25% rice roots can growth normally. Intensive

use of inorganic fertilizers, particularly N fertilizers such as urea

accelerates the mineralization of soil organic matter. Consequently,

soil organic content was decreased rapidly to below minimum content

of healthy soils. Various field studies indicated mostly of paddy soils

in Indonesia has a low organic content (<< 2%). Under these

conditions, the increasing of inorganic fertilizers dosage application

may give a non-significant effect on rice production and paddy soils

can be categorized as a sick paddy soils. Management of paddy soil

health is urgently required to restore, improve and maintain the soils

organic matter as heart of soil ecosystem. SOBARI (system of organic

based aerobic rice intensification) as water saving technology

combined with straw compost based fertilizers technology has two



xxxiv ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

main goals: (1) to remediate or restore, improve and maintain the

health and quality of paddy soils by integrating the management of

soils soil biological power, water and soil organic matter and (2) to

boost the growth and to enhance rice productivity in sustainable ways

(efficient water and fertilizer use) by integrating the management rice

biological power and integrated fertilizers management. The field

results using several rice varieties in Indonesia revealed that the

water saving technology combined with organic fertilizers (straw

compost) can produce grain yield about 8 – 12 t/ha (average of an

increasing about 50 – 150% compared to anaerobic rice cultivation)

and the water irrigation was reduced by at least 30 - 50% and as well

as inorganic fertilizers was reduced at least by 25% This high rice

yield is highly correlated with the increasing of roots zone about 4 –

10 times, number of productive tillers about 60 – 80 tillers, number of

panicles, length of panicles and number of grain/panicle, and as well

as due to the increase of soil biodiversity. The reuse of straw or straw

compost into soils within three years is expected to be able to

remediate and improve the health of degraded paddy soils

significantly.

Keywords: water saving, soil health, paddy soils, organic

fertilizers, straw compost, remediation, SOBARI

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia xxxv

FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS IN INDONESIA

Dr. Tantono Subagyo1)

& Fadlilla Dewi Rakhmawaty, M.Sc.1)

PT Syngenta Indonesia

Perkantoran Hijau Arkadia, Tower C, 8 th Floor

Jln. TB. Simatupang Kav 88, Jakarta 12520

Indonesia

phone +62 21 7883 3148

Abstract

Food security in Indonesia become serious problems because land

conversion from agriculture is high and almost uncontrollable and the

population growth rate is still high, the conditions worsened by

climate uncertainty. One of the answer to this problems is to increase

yield and it can be achieved by increasing seed quality using available

technology. Although it is not panacea, biotechnology can provide

tools to increase seed quality. Biotechnology research in Indonesia is

done since 1980 but so far little products come to the market due to

the regulations. Recent improvements in the system and regulations

make the product pipeline moving, and it is hoped that the first launch

of transgenic plants happen in 2012. However some improvements is

still needed in order to make regulations in Indonesia facilitating

biotechnology development.

Keywords: food security, biotechnology

tel:%2B62%2021%207883%203148

xxxvi ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

ORAL SESSIONS

ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia 1

AGOR001*

REARING OPTIMIZATION OF RED PALM WEEVIL:

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (COLEOPTERA:

CURCULIONIDAE) ON DATE PALM, Phoenix dactylifera

A. S. Aldawood and K. G. Rasool

Economic Entomology Research Unit, Plant Protection Dept, College

of Food and Agriculture Sciences, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,

(Kuijper et al.), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966- 504426975,

Fax: 00966-1-4678423, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (RPW), is the

most deleterious pest of date palm Phoenix dactylifera, spreading

rapidly in date palm growing countries around the globe. To facilitate

behavioral and biological studies on this important pest, a study to

optimize rearing procedures was conducted at the Economic

Entomology Research Unit (EERU), Plant Protection Department,

College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University,

Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RPW pairs were introduced into

date palm trunk bolts and subsequent RPW populations were

harvested at cocoon stage. The populations of RPW resulting from

different Nos. of introduced RPW pairs and the use of mated vs. virgin

RPW pairs were compared for different date palm cultivars and sizes

of the bolts. Results indicated that RPW can successfully be reared on

date palm trunk. Subsequent population was increased with increase

in number of introduced RPW pairs. Date palm cultivars significantly

influenced the subsequent RPW population. Thickness and length of

the date palm bolt was positively correlated with the subsequent RPW

population. Introducing mated vs. virgin RPW pairs did not show any

significant effect on subsequent RPW population.

Keywords: Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Rearing, Date palm

cultivars

2 ICSAFS 2011, Indonesia

AGOR002

BIOLOGICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE

DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RICE IN INDONESIA

Y. Pieter

Muara Rice Research Instalation

Indonesian Center for Rice Research

Jl. Raya Ciapus No 25 Bogor, 16119 West Java – Indonesia

Abstract

Development of hybrid rice is one of major strategy to achieve

sustainable rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia. It is well understood

that hybrid rice has 20-30% higher heterosis than the conventional

rice one. The program, however, faces several problems, which one of

them is high price of hybrid rice seed. This condition narrows the

access of farmer to seed as main input of rice production. Tracing the

problem, it was found that the high price is due to inefficient process

during seed production. Most of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines

used in seed production bloom their flower at a different time to those

of their related restorer (R) lines. Therefore, hybrid rice seed

production needs intensive labor and chemical to increase natural

out-crossing and to achieve high percentage of seed set. The

biological issues related to seed production is not only flowering time,

but also flower characteristic such as stigma exertion period, duration

of opening floret, and angle of floret opening; and suitability of seed

variety to its growth environment. Some efforts have been made to

overcome the problems. However, some still remain to challenge

biologist for improvement. This article reviews information and

technology used to approach the problems.

Keywords: hybrid rice, seed, flower characteristic


AGOR004*

HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF FARMERS ARE LIKELY TO RESPOND TO FUTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLICY CHANGES AND WHAT WOULD IT MEAN TO

THE PROVISION OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEM SERVICES?

Doan Nainggolan1*, Mette Termansen 1,5, Mark S. Reed 2, Esther D. Cebollero3,

Klaus Hubacek4

1Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; 2Aberdeen

Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Centre for Planning & Environmental

Management, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; 3Salon de Provence, France; 4Department of Geography, University of Maryland,

College Park, USA; 5University of Aarhus, National Environment Research Institute,

Department of Policy Analysis, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark *Presenting author‘s email address: [email protected]

Abstract

Farmers are increasingly expected to manage their lands not only for food and fibre

production but also for other various ecosystem services. At the same time, their

farming productivity is shadowed by future uncertainties associated with global

environmental changes (e.g. climate change) and the potential knock on effects on

production factors such as water availability. Farmers‘ responses to future changes

may vary. Hence it is important to understand the complex interplay between the

characteristics of farmers, the diversity of their responses to future scenarios, and the

impacts that different farmer decisions are likely to have on an agro-ecosystem. The

objectives of this paper are: 1) to develop a typology of farmers on a semi-arid

Mediterranean agro-ecosystem in south-eastern Spain; 2) to explore how different

types of farmers may respond to changing environmental constraints and

environmental policy regulation; and 3) to assess the implications of farmers‘ diverse

responses on future ecosystem services. Our analysis identified six types of farmers.

The differentiation was developed using multivariate analysis based on the

characteristics of the farmers‘ households and land management. Our study indicates

that future agricultural land use changes in the study area may entail abandonment,

reduction, stagnation, or intensification depending upon the types of farmers and

their respective main farming activities. These changes are likely to affect key

ecosystem services across the landscape including future agricultural production and

associated local income generation and erosion control. The policy implications of

the research findings are significant. To be effective, the design of agri-environmental

schemes and other government interventions (e.g. specific compulsory regulations on

farming practices and associated water use) at various levels (from local to

supranational) should carefully take into account the characteristics of the farmers

within the area of interest, their land uses, and the possible diversity of responses to

policy and environmental drivers.

Keywords: Farmer typology, land use, agriculture, ecosystem service, multivariate

analysis, future scenarios, semi-arid Mediterranean agro-ecosystem



AGOR006

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ATTITUDES OF

WOMEN RELATED TO FOREST MANAGEMENT

WITH COMMUNITIES (PHBM)

M. Munandar Sulaeman, Siti Homzah

Faculty of Animal Husbandry

Abstract

The aims of this research will to know the women environment

attitude in forest management and contribution. The case study

research method with qualitative approach had been operated. The

stages of data analysis with: categorization, organization and

interpretation, with orientation to process and become understanding

(verstehen). With this analysis base, it can be concludes: a. the farmer

society (women) had showed the environment harmony attitude with

environement. The contribution of the women environment harmony

attitude to the PHBM Programe showed in raising vanilli plant

starting with prepared, planning, action, controll, evaluate, benefit

form. For everlasting of the environment harmony attitude with

environment of women need insurance with product market and to

give many action programe spesial for women.

Keywords: environment harmony attitude, women participation.


AGOR008

PROMOTING FOREST AND NON TIMBER FOREST

CULTIVATION TO INCREASE FARMER‟S INCOME ON

SMALL SCALE PRIVATE FOREST (A CASE STUDY IN TANJUNG RAYA VILLAGE, SAMARANG SUB DISTRICT, GARUT,

WEST JAVA)

Sri Suharti

Centre for Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development,

Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor, 16610. Phone: 62-251-8633234; 62-251-

8315222; Fax: 62-251-8638111

Abstract

More than 60% of Javanese population with relatively small land holding

depends on agricultural sector (0.3 ha/household). They live in dense

populated villages surrounded by forest; resulting pressure towards forest

becomes so awful. Consequently, incidents of social conflict become so

frequent and forest condition has become deteriorated and prone to flood,

erosion and landslide incidents. One alternative solution to accommodate

rehabilitation of forest function and fulfilling community needs is cultivation

of forest trees together with non timber forest plant simultaneously. This new

cultivation technique is introduced to farmers through demonstration plot

establishment. The research objective is to study cultivation of Eucalyptus

urophylla together with Andropogon zizanioides (vetiver oil plants) on small

scale private forest in Tanjung Karya Village, Samarang sub district, Garut,

West Java. Participatory approach is used in developing the model; hence

involved farmers could participate actively in all stages of model

establishment. Series of discussions (individual interviews and continued

with Focus Group Discussion/FGD) were carried out in advance to gain

better mutual understanding about the purpose of the research. Further

information about people‘s preferences towards tree crops combination was

also previously collected. The results showed that although a light

demanding species, vetiver oil plants could grow well under E. urophylla

stands until it has been harvested (13 months old) for three rotation periods.

By integrating tree stands and non timber forest plants, farmer could

improve not only soil condition but also their income significantly.

Keywords: Eucalyptus urophylla, A. zizanioides (vetiver oil plants), rehabilitation,

farmer’s income, small scale private forest


AGOR009

INFLUENCE OF FERMENTATION Bacillus licheniformis AND

Bacillus megaterium TOWARDS CRUDE FIBER, FAT, TANNIN, AND

PROTEIN CONTENT OF SABA BANANA (Musa balbisiana Colla)

PEEL

1Ratu Safitri,

2Noor Arida Fauzana &

3Egi Kardia

* Department of Biology, FMIPA Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung

** Fisheries Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru

Abstract

Research about content of crude fiber, fat, tannin, protein of saba

banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) peel is fermentated by Bacillus

licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium for fish feed raw materials had

been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of B.

licheniformis and B. megaterium in lowering crude fiber, fat, and

tannin as well as increase protein of banana peel so it can be used as

raw material for fish feed. . Fermentation was done by experimental

methods with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3

replications. The results showed that fermentation by B. licheniformis

with a dose of 5% to give the highest, fermentation can decrease as

much as 23.42% of crude fiber, fat 50%, as much as 82.93% tannin

and can increase the protein content of 47.23%.

Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, saba banana peel,

cellulose, fat, crude fiber, tannin, protein, vegetablefeed substance


AGOR010*

EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ABSORBER AND STORAGE

CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITY OF TOMATO

Darwin H Pangaribuan

Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University

Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethylene absorber

and storage condition on the quality of tomato during storage. Fruit

of half ripen (breaker stage) maturity were kept under four different

conditions: storage room at 40 C, 8

0 C, 12

0 C and 22

0 C; and then the

fruits were given with and without ethylene absorber (Purafil@). The

tomato fruit with ethylene absorber were firmer, had higher titratable

acidity and longer storage life, and lower soluble solids content, and

slower red colour development, compared with those without ethylene

absorbers. Tomato fruits stored at 4 C were firmer, produced higher

soluble solids, higher titratable acidity, longer storage life, and

maintained red colour, compared with those fruits stored at higher

than 4 C. The most suitable storage conditions to prolong the

storage life for tomato fruits tested were 8C or 12 C and tomato

fruits were kept with ethylene absorbens.



AGOR011

EFFECT OF PECTIN CONCENTRATION AND DRYING

CONDITION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND

SENSORY ACCEPTANCE OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

LEATHER

Nasution, Z., Chan Y.L., Amir Izzwan Z., Fisal A. Mohd Nizam L.

Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu,

Malaysia

Abstract

The unique climatic condition of Malaysia is advantageous to the

plantation of roselle. However, utilization of roselle into value-added

products is still limited so far in Malaysia. Fruit leather is an

alternative product that has potentials to be produced from roselle.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pectin

concentration and drying condition on physicochemical properties

and sensory acceptance of roselle leather. Samples were produced

with four different pectin concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%)

and dried under three different drying conditions (in dehydrator, in

convection oven, and in conventional oven). Interaction between

drying condition and pectin concentration significantly affected

(p<0.05) water activity, pH, color properties, texture properties

(hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness), and overall

sensory acceptance. Meanwhile, pectin concentration alone

significantly affected (p<0.05) springiness and few sensory

acceptance attributes (color, chewiness, and balance taste of sweet

and sour) of the leather. Better physical properties and sensory

acceptance were gained from sample added with 2.5% (w/w) pectin

and dried in convection oven. Moreover, this sample was also found

to have high vitamin C content (130 mg/100 g). These results showed

that roselle leather has potentials to be introduced as a new dried

fruit product in order to increase popularity and variety of roselle

products in Malaysia.

Keywords: roselle leather, pectin concentration, drying condition, physicochemical

characteristics, sensory acceptance


AGOR012

REFORMATION OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION FARMING SYSTEM

TOWARDS PERMANENT AND SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION

Herman1 and Sri Suharti2

1Riset Perkebunan Nusantara. Jl. Salak 1A, Bogor, 16151. Indonesia

2Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi. Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor. 16610 Indonesia

Abstract

Shifting cultivation is deemed to be the earliest subsistent farming system

ever known and inherited since ancient times. In the past, when land

availability was still abundant, this cultivation technique was relatively save

and sustainable. In the system, short period of cultivation (usually 1 – 3

years) would be followed by fallow period which was relatively much longer

(7– 10 years). Fallow period enabled the land to recover its soil fertility

naturally. However, due to rapid population growth together with limited

land availability and increase of basic economic needs have induced drastic

change of the system in which short period of cultivation is followed by short

fallow period. In addition, in many cases, the system has been manipulated

by some imprudent people to camouflage their illegal logging activities. As a

result, the situation has generated forest fire events more frequently and

instigates wider critical land. Therefore, it is urged to ameliorate the system

towards more sustainable and permanent cultivation. Cultivation of estate

crops especially rubber and oil palm is believed to be able to increase

farmer‘s income and reduce shifting cultivation significantly. Cultivating

estate crops, enables people to gain sufficient income to fulfill their basic

needs. Establishment of rubber and oil palm require investment cost Rp

34.39 million/ha and Rp 33.71 million/ha respectively. Estimation of net

present value (NPV) which is going to be obtained at 12.5% interest

rate/year is Rp 44.86 million/ha and Rp 45.02 million/ha, whereas expected

internal rate of return (IRR) is 22,92% and 24,46% for rubber and oil palm

respectively. Hence, farmers would gain monthly net income Rp 1.36

million/ha and Rp 1.14 million/ha for rubber and oil palm respectively. This

confirms that rubber and oil palm plantation are feasible to establish. In

order to assure the reformation process from shifting cultivation towards

sustainable and permanent cultivation goes effectively, thorough planning of

target, identification about existing condition, anticipation about constraints

that might hinder the process and formulation of operational pace need to be

determined clearly beforehand. This could be done through multi

stakeholders participation.

Keywords: Reformation, shifting cultivation, estate crops, permanent cultivation

sustainable, participation.


AGOR013

EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE LEVEL OF

SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.) GERMPLASM FROM

NTT PROVINCE

Yosep Seran Mau

Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Nusa Cendana.

Jln. Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang, NTT. 85001. Indonesia.

Abstract

Sweet potato is one of the most promising staple crops in NTT; however, the

crop yield and quality in this region is relatively low due to erratic climatic

condition and low genetic potency of the genotypes cultivated. NTT province

is rich of sweet potato germplasm that can serve as basis for selection of high

yielding varieties which are able to cope with erratic climatic condition of

the region. Twenty five sweet potato genotypes (21 local clones and 4 check

varieties) were elucidated to identify high yielding genotypes with tolerance

to drought stress. The study was carried out in a split-plot design with three

replicates in field experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa

Cendana University, during June to November 2008. Two irrigation regimes

(optimum and stress conditions) were assigned as main plot and 25 sweet

potato genotypes as sub-plot. Results of the study revealed significant

interaction effect between irrigation regimes and sweet potato genotypes on

variable observed. Root yields of most genotypes tested were quite low

indicating high stress condition of the trial location. Two check varieties,

Sari and Cangkuang, produced only about one half and one quarter of their

yield potential on optimum and stress conditions, respectively. Fourteen of

25 genotypes tested produced tuber yield above 10 t ha-1

in optimum

condition but only five genotypes did similarly in stress condition. The

highest root yields were produced by local genotype LB-01, 32.4 and 17.5 t

ha-1

in normal and stress conditions, respectively. LB-01, NBN-01 and the

check variety Kidal performed the best in optimum condition and LB-01, ON-

06, and Kidal performed the best in stress condition. Only three local

genotypes (LB-01, NBN-01, ON-06) and the check variety Kidal were

considered tolerant and high yielding based on STI, GMP, SSI and YL

selection indices.

Keywords: Sweet potato, germplasm, genotype, yield potential, drought tolerance


AGOR014*

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INDUCED THE

CONTENT OF ISOFLAVONOID THAT REDUCED

POTATO CYST NEMATODE ON ROOTS OF POTATO

PLANTS

1Nurbaity, A

*,

2Sunarto, T

**.,

3Solihin, M.A

*.,

4Hindersah, R

*.

*Department of Soil Science

**Department of Plant Pathology and Pests

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600,

Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract

Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is known as organism that could supress the

growth of potatoes. This organism has been found in Indonesia. Controlling

of PCN by the use of chemical agents has been reduced, hence the use of

biological agents such as soil fungi is one of the alternatives. Arbuscular

mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has a potential to be used as a controlling agents.

However, the information about it‘s effect on nematode, especially in

Indonesia is limited.The objective of this study was to determine the

mechanisms by which AMF could alleviate plant stress causing by PCN. A

glass house experiment was conducted at Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia.

The treatments were number of spores of AMF (0, 50, 100, and 150 per pot)

and number of cysts of PCN (0 and 4000 per pot). Results showed that AMF

at the rate of 150 spores/pot significantly reduced the numbers of juvenils II,

females and cysts. The mechanisms of AMF in reducing PCN activities was

more likely because of the production of antifungi isoflavonoid which

increased according to the rate of AMF spores instead of Chitinase and

Indole Acetic Acid that measured on roots of potato. This experiment showed

the potential of AMF to be used as biocontrolling agents of PCN on potato

plants.

Keywords: arbuscular mychorrizal fungi, potato cyst nematode, antifungi,

isoflavonoid


AGOR015*

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEAT FROM OLD

CATTLE THROUGH EXTENDED COOKING

Setyowati, E.Y. & U. Santosa

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry -

Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

Abstract

The experiment investigated the effect of extended cooking on beef

quality. The effects of position of the raw meat sample within the loin,

cooking time, and sex on the WB shear value, cooking loss and cooked

meat colour were studied. Loin samples were collected from nine

randomly selected steers and cows. Loins were randomly allocated to

cooking times of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 hours. Data were analysed with the

mixed model procedure of the SAS system. The model contained fixed

effects of sex, cooking time and position of loin and all first order

interactions. Loins were used as a random effect, within which sex

was nested. Cooking time significantly affected the WB-shear value

(P<0.01), whereas loin position and sex had no such effect (P<0.1).

WB-shear value declined from 5.270.19 kg to 3.530.19 kg as

cooking time increase. Posterior end of loin had higher values than

those from anterior end (4.700.19 kg vs. 4.200.19 kg; P<0.1), and

steer had lower value than cows (4.100.21 kg vs. 4.710.23 kg;

P<0.1). There were significant effects of cooking time, loin position,

and sex on weight loss. Cooking losses increased from 32. 570.64%

to 40.800.64% as cooking time rose. Loins from anterior end had

lower cooking losses (36.660.64%) than those from posterior end

(38.720.64%). It is concluded that extended cooking could increase

the meat quality of old cattle.

Keywords: Meat Quality, Extended Cooking, Old Cattle


AGOR016

INDUCING SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF SOYBEAN Glycine max AND

Glycine soja ON SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS VARIATION

Endah Wahyurini

Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Pembangunan Nasional ―Veteran‖, Yogyakarta, 55283,

Indonesia

Abstract

Production and productivity of Soybean in Indonesia have not been a

national demand. The government program is to improve Soybean

productivity and production to achieve self sufficiency on 2015. To

achieve Soybean self sufficiency, the most amount, short time and the

same genotype is by tissue culture technique. Genotype and sucrose in

the medium tissue culture is important inducing somatic embryos. The

objectives of this experiment was to inducing somatic embryos of

Glycine max of varieties Anjasmoro and Glycine soja of varieties

Mallika at the variation of sucrose concentration for MS medium by in

vitro. The research used immature cotyledons explant which was

conducted at Greenhouse and Biotechnology Laboratory,

Agrotechnology of UPN ―Veteran‖ Yogyakarta, Indonesia from Mei

to October 2010. The experiment with two factors was arranged in

factorial Completely Randomized Design and 10 replications. One

factor is explants soybeans were: Mallika (Glycine soja) and

Anjasmoro (Glicyne max). Two factors is concentration sucrose were

: 20 g/l. 30 g/l, and 40 g/l. Data were subjected to an analysis of

variance followed by Bunnet‘s Significance Test (BST) at 5%

significance level. The results showed that material explant Glycine

max and Glicyne soja not induced somatic embryos. The best sucrose

concentrations 20 g/l for MS medium increased to time of embryos

(days), growth percentage of embryos and fresh weight callus. The

combination treatment Glicyne max and sucrose 20 g/l to increased

dry weight callus.

Keywords: Embryos somatic, soybean, sucrose


AGOR017

PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY FROM AGROINDUSTRIAL

WASTEWATER THROUGH STRUVITE

CRYSTALLISATION: PRINCIPLES AND

APPLICATIONS

S. Muryanto1,2,a,*

, A.P. Bayuseno3,b

, E. Supriyo4,b

& B. Hermanu5,a

1Office of Research, and 2Dept.Chemical Engineering,

3Centre for Waste Management, Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, 4Chemical Engineering Diploma (Vocational) Program,

5Faculty of Agricultural Technology, aUNTAG University in Semarang, Bendhan Dhuwur Campus, Semarang 50233, INDONESIA

bDIPONEGORO University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275,INDONESIA * corresponding author: tel.+62-24-8441771, fax.+62-24-8441772,

email: [email protected]

Abstract

Intensified agriculture in response to the growing population has led to

excessive nutrient discharges into waterbodies causing eutrophication, which

affects biological diversity and water quality. One of such nutrients is

phosphorus (P), an essential element for every living plant, and hence for

food production. An attractive method to help minimise eutrophication is to

remove P from wastewater by converting it from a soluble form into solid

phase, i.e. a phosphate mineral commonly known as struvite

(MgNH4PO4.6H2O), through a controlled crystallisation process. The

method has increasingly gained particular interest since struvite can be

utilised as fertilizer which simultaneously provides Mg, N, and P in

proportional amounts to crops. Since struvite has low solubility in water, it

may also act as slow-release fertilizer and may not cause burning of roots. P

removal and recovery as struvite is also an effective method to address the

problem of operating difficulties in wastewater treatment facilities, since

under favourable conditions struvite can spontaneously form in wastewater,

and the resulting struvite crystals agglomerate and excessively cover the

piping systems, pumps, screens etc. This paper discusses the principles of P

recovery from agroindustrial wastewater through struvite crystallisation. The

findings of a preliminary experiment examining the onset of struvite

crystallisation from synthetic liquors are presented. Applicability of the

struvite crystallisation method including its advantages and disadvantages,

as well as typical operating conditions and the properties of the struvite

crystals produced will be scrutinised.

Keywords: crystallisation, eutrophication, phosphorus, struvite, wastewater



AGOR018

SUSTAINABILITY AGRICULTURE-LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM CONCEPT: CROPS AND

LIVESTOCK

1Rasad, S. D &

2S. Kuswaryan

1Animal Reproduction Lab, Animal Husbandry Fac.-Universitas

Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

2 Economic Lab. ,animal Husbandry Fac.- Universitas Padjadjaran,

Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

Abstract

Small farmers development in many developing countries like Indonesia

conducted inform of integrated farming system. Scheper (1992) concluded

that it was happened, because of non tradable animal feeding more available

in area with the mix farming system than extensive farming system area.

Farming system as a form of land, water resources, plant, livestock animal,

human resources and others with the different characteristics in one

environment, until the farmers could be manage their activity along with

preferency, capability and current technology (Shaner et al., 1982. In case of

development of small farming sustainable agriculture, livestock animal play

important roles, with three functions (Devendra and Chantalakhana, 1992),

that are: 1) Diversification of resource, to minimize social and economic

risk, 2) Motivation and act as a bridge between component of resource

system (land, water and crop), and 3) Generation of value added product like

fiber exploited to meat, milk and skinn produced. Concept of integrated

agribussiness could be looked in specific area, it is ecosystem area which

could be consist of integrated development which are depending on similarity

of objectives, target and importance. Aim of the development of integrated

agribussiness area, are:1) Give clearly and function of management region

or area, to make simple of technical services, management and control, 2)

Give business certainty, 3) Make easier to provide the facility and increase of

farmers bargain position, 4) Market guarantee, 5) Stability of quality,

quantity and continously of products and 6) Production time could be similar

with demand. As a conclusion, the successful of the development of

agribusiness area base on sustainability of livestock depending on potential

of the region, especially natural resources, agro-climate, carrying capacity

supporting, and market potential and than capability of human resources in

order to optimizing current natural resources.

Keywords: sustainability, crops and livestock, concept


AGOR019

OCCURRENCE OF PORK DERIVATIVE IN

CONFECTIONERY PRODUCT UPON MALAYSIA MARKET

1Noor Asiah Binti Hassa,

2Rozila Binti Alias

1Faculty of Sciences and Biotechnology,University Industri Selangor,

Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor

2Institut BioIT, Universiti Industri Selangor (UNISEL) Jalan Zirkon A

7/A, Seksyen 7,

40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author [email protected]

Abstract

Adding porcine ingredients in food manufacturing without labeling

can considered as food adulteration. Thus, molecular technique

especially PCR based method has been proposed as useful means for

identifying species of origin in foods. The present study was carried

out for detection of porcine ingredients in different food samples

namely from raw to highly processed food using species specific PCR

detection of conserved region in the mitochondrial (mt) 12S ribosomal

RNA (rRNA) gene.

Keywords : Pork, Confectionery product, Malaysia, PCR, 12S rRNA



AGOR020

EFFECT OF PHOSPHATES SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA TO

THE GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION OF CORN PLANT

(Zea mays L.).

1Tini Surtiningsih, 2Dahlia Puspitasari, and 3Agus Supriyanto

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga

University, Surabaya.

[email protected]

Abstract

The aim of this research was to know the effect of phosphates

solubilizing bacteria to the growth and crop production of corn plant

(Zea mays L.). This research is an experimental designed which is

used Completely Randomize Design (CRD). The phosphates

solubilizing bacteria (PSB) consist of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas

sp. bacteria. The treatment in this experiment giving the PSB dosage

0, 10, 20, and 30 mL/plant and control positif (NPK fertilizer 5

g/plant) with 5 replications for each treatment, and each replication

consisted of 5 plants. The PSB inoculated on planting hole of corn

plant. The Corn plant growth was observed every 2 weeks, and plants

are harvest at 15 weeks. The parameters that observed are plant

height, root length, plant-root biomass, and plant production is dry

seeds weight. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with Brown-

Forsythe test at level 5%. The results of this research showed that the

treatment of the PSB dosage and NPK fertilizers gave a no

significantly different (α>0.05) for growth and crop production of

Corn plant. The best growth of corn plant gave by NPK treatment but

no significantly different with PSB treatmen. The best dry seed weight

(173.19 ± 43.60 g/plant or 17.31 ± 4.36 ton/ha) gave by PSB dosage

20 mL/plant, but the best RAE (Relative Argonomic Effectiveness)

gave by PSB dosage 10 mL/plant.

Keywords: Phosphates solubilizing bacteria, corn plant (Zea mays L.), growth,

production.


AGOR021

EFFECTS OF NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS ON

MINERAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN SOILS

1Ferisman Tindaon,

2J.C.G. Ottow

1). Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nommensen University.

Jl. Sutomo No. 4A Medan 20234 Indonesia Tel. +62614522922 Fax: +62614571426

E-mail: [email protected] 2). Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring

26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany Tel. +49-641/99-37351, 37352. Fax +49-641/99-

37359

Abstract

Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to elucidate the

effect of three nitrification inhibitors viz, 3,4dimethylpyrazolephosphate

(DMPP), 4-Chlormethylpyrazolephosphate (ClMPP) and dicyandiamide

(DCD) on mineral nitrogen dynamics of (NH4)2SO4 in soil incubated at 25oC

in soils. The quantitative determination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate

were carried out spectrophotometrically, while potential denitrification

capacity (PDC) was measured gas chromatographically. DMPP, ClMPP and

DCD were used recommended on recommended rates of 90kgNha-1

corresponding to 0, 36µgDMPP; 0, 25µgClMPP and 10µgDCD g-1

dry soil.

In all treatments, the influence of 1, 10, 50,100,250 and 500 times of the

recommended-concentrations were examined. Results suggested that DMPP,

ClMPP and DCD applied at rates generally recommended for agricultural

use may not be effective to inhibit nitrification. Thus even at the highest

tested NIs-concentrations, nitrate and nitrite formation still occurred.

Application of high concentrations of these chemicals to on the average up to

180µg DMPP, 125µg ClMPP and 2500µg DCD were needed for inhibiting

the nitrification, completely. The three NIs began to inhibit PDC at 10 to 50

times recommended concentration and were more effective in sandy than in

loamy or clay soils. ClMPP influenced PDC at much lower concentration as

DMPP or DCD.

Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, mineral nitrogen dynamics



AGOR023

THE POTENCY OF BANANA TISSUE CULTURE

DEVELOPMENT TO ANSWER THE MALNUTRITION

PROBLEMS

Omar, A.1, V. Narita

1,2, Djajanegara, I.R

1, Supriadi, Y

3 & Noriko,

Nita2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

2Centre for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Badan

Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Tissue Culture Laboratory, UPT Balai Benih Induk Pertanian dan

Kehutanan Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan DKI Jakarta, Jakarta,

Indonesia

Abstract

Bananas contain high amounts of carbohydrates. These fruits are also

rich with vitamin A and B6. Furthermore, bananas can be used to

produce fibres and as ornamental plants. They can be grown easily

and are relatively cheap. These features have made banana as one of

the promising candidates to solve the malnutrition problems,

especially in vitamin A, pottasium and iron. The objectives of our

study were to analyze the potency of bananas to answer the

malnutrition problems and identify some steps that need to be done

especially in tissue culture technology to produce superior banana

seeds. The analysis was performed by SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,

Opportunities, Treaths) analysis. From this SWOT analysis, the

strategies were designed. SWOT analysis results showed that it is

possible to solve some malnutrition problems in Indonesia with

bananas. The strategies to do that included development of banana

varieties that were enriched in vitamin A and iron using tissue culture

techniques and establishment of cooperations among farmers,

research institutions, industries, and government.

Keywords : Banana, malnutrition, SWOT, tissue culture


AGOR024

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EXPORT

GROWTH OF TWENTY MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES

EMITTING COUNTRIES

Yangki I made Suara

Center for Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of

Economics, Padjadjaran University (CEDS FE Unpad)

Abstract

This paper compares the impact of climate change on export growth

in 20 major GHG emitting countries. Those 20 countries are classified

into lower middle income, upper middle income and high income

countries based on their GNI per capita. Climate variable are annual

temperature in average and annual precipitation in average while

macro indicators are export growth from those 20 countries to the

world using 1-digit SITC and 2-digit SITC. This research found that

First; increasing in average annual temperature have a negative and

significant effect on export growth from lower middle income

countries and no effect on upper middle and high income countries.

Second; increasing in average annual precipitation have a negative

and significant effect on export growth from lower middle income

countries and positive and significant effect on export growth from

upper middle income countries and no effect on high income

countries. Third; agricultural products, light manufacturing and raw

material are the three broad economic sectors with negative and

significant effect of climate change from lower middle income

countries and positive effect of precipitation on light manufacturing

from upper middle income countries. The model in this research is

estimated with Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) method.

Keywords: Climate change, export growth, greenhouse gases emission


AGOR025*

MODEL-BASED REGIONAL ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

AGRO TECHNOPARK (ATP) (Case Study Communities Local Transmigration Koleberes Kecamatan

Cikadu Kabupaten Cianjur Selatan)

Boy Macklin Pareira P*., Cipta Endyana**, Chay Asdak*, Irfan

Ardiansyah*

*Lecture, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management of

Agriculture,

**Lecture, Faculty of Geology

Abstract

Research on Model-based Regional Economic Potential Agro

Technopark in Koleberes Cikadu Cianjur District, has to build an

initial model of bio-farming in the region Translok cylo Koleberes

accordance with the actual state of Agro Technopark modeling

methodology with an integrated revitalization of agriculture

empowerment.Method used in this research is modelling and survey.

This research preceded with depiction in general model ATP

Koleberes center about inwrought agriculture system in region

including involvement of society to be improved its earnings. Then,

the model developed to become model of Improvisation model ATP

representing modification of model of ATP Center Koleberes by

connecting agricultural sector, ranch, and fishery in a cycle of bio-

cylo farming. Model at ATP Koleberes center and of Improvisation

model ATP hereinafter in simulation by using Vensim PLE software

32 Version 4.2a 2000. Variable which measure is earnings of society

and hereinafter conducted by compare between earnings of society

model ATP Koleberes center and earnings of society in model of

Improvisasi model ATP to see pattern earnings of society. Result of

research show between model of ATP Koleberes center and of

Improvisation model ATP show difference which significance to

earnings of society agricultural sector, ranch, and fishery by making a

change pattern plant which is pad finally yield several times harvest

among others daily crop, seasonal, monthly, annual, winduan (eigth

year season), and middle small industry sector.


AGOR026

EVALUATION OF FOOD SAFETY CONCEPT IN

INDONESIAN FOOD SECURITY POLICIES

1Maman H. Karmana,

2E. Wulandari & D. Supyandi

Professor on Agricultural Development at the Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University and

Head of the Sub Division Policy of Food Center in West Java 2 Lecturer in the Departement of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia as an agriculture-based country, rich with natural resources, and has a

good potential to manage her resources. As an agriculture-based country, Indonesia

should be able to provide sufficient food to consume. Moreover, since food is one of

human basic needs, everyone deserved to obtain safety foods. Food security is an

ability to provide sufficient food with respect to its quantity and quality, safety,

availability and distribution. Food security programs of the country affirmed in food

legislation number 7, 1996 about food; and government law number 68, 2002 about

food security. Hitherto, food security program is focusing more on quantity aspect. In

other words, if food consumption needs have already fulfilled, then it considered that

food security has already achieved. Food security related to the eligibility of food

consumption not only sufficient in quantity, but also in its quality.The objectives of

this paper are (1) to identify how food safety concept integrated into food security

programs in Indonesia (2) the sources that caused food borne diseases and (3) efforts

carried out in order to achieve sustainable food safety, and (4) to identify involved

institutions in supporting and ensuring food safety in Indonesia. According to the

study, firstly, even though Indonesia has achieved self-sufficiency on food in 1984,

many poor people are still having low nutrient status. Moreover, the number of

intoxication of food cases has been increasing. Based on the socio economic aspects,

as people cannot afford to consume healthy food will lead to increase the prevalence

of food borne diseases, such as diarrhea. Number of death caused by diarrhea is

increased. Secondly, based on food case field studies, food borne diseases can be

resulted from catering and household foods, processing, and junk foods. Finally, food

safety concept has not well integrated into food security program. In addition, several

life styles, such as consumption of junk foods resulted in food borne diseases.

Therefore, the use of HACCP safety standards and organic farming methods are some

of the efforts that need to be encouraged to achieve sustainable food safety. Similarly,

several institutions have involved in ensuring food safety in Indonesia, although their

preferences still need to be improved.

Keywords : food safety, food security


AGOR027

KNOWING TIGER GROUPER FISH GROWTH RATE

AS AN ALTERNATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT AND

POVERTY REDUCTION SOCIETY

Donny Juliandri Prihadi

Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Padjadjaran University,

Campus Jatinangor, UBR 40 600, Indonesia

Abstract

Grouper fish is one of the seafood with the potential to be developed

for food security and can be potential seed exports of fishery

commodities. Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscogutattus) is a fish that

has a torpedo body shape, fat flat, has a big mouth, scaly skin and the

color brown and black shades, including carnivorous fish. Tiger

grouper fish found in waters that are cleaner and often live in the

bottom waters. This study aims to determine the growth of tiger

grouper fish and find out the potential in the reduction of

unemployment and poverty. The treatment given is the gift that is

different, pellet, a combination of pellet and trash fish by giving a

different time and trash fish is given as much as 5% of the weight of

biomass. The method used in this study is experimental and

descriptive methods. The results showed that administration of the

morning of trash fish and the use of pellets in the afternoon produced

the highest absolute growth of 173.93 g and grouper fish cultivation

can be a potential employment to reduce unemployment and poverty

levels of society.

Key words: grouper, tiger grouper, growth rate, unemployment, poverty


AGOR028

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN FROM

LOCAL CHITIN WASTE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN

VITRO

Emma Rochima1 & Ajeng Diantini

2

1 Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science Padjadjaran University

2 Faculty of Farmacy Padjadjadjaran University

Abstract

The aim of the research were to produce local chitin waste to

bioactive compound of chitosan enzymatically to applied in functional

drink instant. The activity of anticancer these products were

determined as in vitro assay. The chitin waste made from crab shells

as by product of canning crabs meat industry in Cirebon. Production

of chitosan enzimatically used chitin deacetylase enzyme which

produced by Bacillus papandayan isolated from Kamojang Creater,

West Java, Indonesia. The result of this research was technology of

process and chitosan product which degraded enzimatically. Product

was chitosan-tea drink which ready to solute in water. Chitosan-tea

drink instant performance were white-brown flour mixed with dry

chitosan gel (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), soft surface, brown clear color, and

smooth. Formulation of chitosan-tea drink was weight 23.7 g

perpack/once consumption (sorbitol 22.5 gram, green tea extract

0.375 gram, chitosan 0.8 gram). Chemically, chitosan-tea drink

instant have water content 0.22% w/w, ash content 0.11% w/w,

protein content 0.03% w/w, lipid content 0.002% w/w, calory 58.5

kkal which suitable with SNI 01-3722-1995 standard. The product is

then tested for toxicity in vitro using AH 109 cancer cells. The test

showed that chitosan is cytotoxic to cancer cells AH109 with a value

of KI50 (tg / mL) equal to 189.00 for exposure for 8 hours and the

value of 1.20 for 24 hours.

Keywords: Chitosan, anticancer, in vitro


AGOR029

INCREASING OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID OF DAIRY MILK WITH

ADDITIONAL RICE MEAL FERMENTED AND SOYBEAN OIL

Suhartati, F.M.1, & W. Suryapratama

2

1Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman

University, Purwokerto 53122 Indonesia 2 Feedstuffs Laboratory , Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53122

Indonesia

Abstract

An experiment has been carried out to produce milk containing

conjugated linoleic acid in high concentrations. The study was carried

out experiments in vivo, using a Latin Square Design 6x6x6, with

factorial 2x3 treatments. The first factor (A) is a type of diet,

consisting of feed used for cows in group of dairy farmers Margo

Mulyo, Kemutug village, district Baturaden, Banyumas (a1), and

concentrate containing 30% rice bran + 20% tapioca by product

which was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, +3% soybean

oil (a2). As a second factor (B) were the time of milking, that are

before grass feeding (b1), 2 hours after grass feeding (b2), and 4

hours after grass feeding (b3), thus there are 6 treatments. As the

column were 6 sampling periods and as the row were 6 cows. The

variables measured are fat and conjugated linoleic acid of milk. The

result of these study indicated that concentrate containing 30% rice

bran + 20% tapioca by product which was fermented using

Saccharomyces cerevisiae + 3% soybean oil increasing 88.89% of

conjugated linoleic acid and time of milking 4 hours after grass

feeding increasing 30.56% of conjugated linoleic acid compare time

of milking that are before grass feeding and increasing 34.29% if

compare time of milking 2 hours after gras feeding. Based on the

results of this study concluded that the concentrate containing 30%

rice bran + 20% tapioca by product which is fermented using

Saccharomyces cerevisiae + 3% soybean oil is the best feed formula,

and cows were milked four hours after grass feeding is the best

milking time.

Keywords: soybean oil, milking interval, conjugated lenoleic acid


AGOR030

INCREASING YIELDS OF SWEET POTATO (Ipoema

Batatas L.), VARIETY OF BEAUREGARD BY ORGANIC

CROPPING SYSTEM AT DESA CILEMBU, SUMEDANG

Wagiono

Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang

45363, Indonesia.

Abstract

Desa Cilembu, Sumedang is a village as one of several central production of

sweet potato in West Java Province. One of the new sweet potato‘s varieties

was Beauregard from Solomon Island has been cultivated in this village

which‘s the tuber yield currently to decline caused by increasing soil bulk

density and decreasing of organic content. Once solving of this problem was

application of organic cropping system. The aim of this research was to know

effect of a straw compost application as organic cropping system on soil

compaction, soil moisture content, growth and yield of sweet potato.The

research carried out on February to June 2011, at Desa Cilembu, Sumedang

Regency. The research used Randomized Block Design as experimental

method to test 5 doses of straw compost as treatments and 5 replications so

that obtained 25 plots where each plots size is 1m x 0.75m. The each

treatments were without straw compost and applied artificial fertilizer (K1),

given straw compost 10 ton/ha and organic manure (K2), given straw

compost 15 ton/ha and organic manure (K3), given straw compost 20 ton/ha

and organic manure (K4), and given straw compost 25 ton/ha and organic

manure (K5). The results of this research showed that 20 ton/ha dose of

straw compost and applied 5 ton/ha organic manure on soil compaction was

more decreasing, whereas soil moisture content, plant growth and tuber yield

was more increasing. The average yields for without straw compost and use

artificial fertilizer treatment was 9.78 ton/ha, grade B dominant, and fond,

while organic cropping system by given straw compost 10 ton/ha; 15 ton/ha;

20 ton/ha; and 20 ton/ha and each treatment applied 5 ton/ha manure as

organic fertilizer respectively reached 15.12 ton/ha, grade A dominant, and

very fond.

Keywords: Sweet potato, Organic Cropping System, Straw Compost.


AGOR034

NON-IRRIGATED UPLAND CULTIVATION UTILIZING

THE CONCEPT OF TRANSPIRATION COEFFISIENT

Ade Moetangad Kramadibrata

Technique & Industrial Management-Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology

University of Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Abstract

Upland irrigation as an effort to fulfil the balance relationship of

water amount distributed and crop effective water required has been

oftenly ineffective due to water waste which linked with actual soil

physical condition and the surrounding environment. Such a condition

become worsening at an extrem period of drought, forcing to

alternatively stop water distribution to crop areas of less unpotential

benefit. The concept of transpiration coefficient hereto might redeem

the problem where water need as a minimum factor can be reduced to

the least water need as effective as required by the respective crops. It

termed: ―a certain amount of water required to produce a certain

weight of crop dry substances through transpiration process‖ The

application of the concept as a system of efficient water management

had been been demonstrated in a case study at the time of widely

influence of El Nino in 1997 throughout Asia-East Asia in a remote

upland area of Jelegong-Soreang, Bandung Sub District, West Java.

The result had proven a promising highlight of upland potency to the

additional income of the farmers who used to leave their land bare

during dry seasons. Hence, evaluation to validate the concept needs to

be actualize in other non-irrigated upland areas.

Keywords: non-irrigation, drought period, upland cultivation, transpiration

coefficient


AGOR035*

AGRONOMIC TRAIT EVALUATION OF TRANSGENIC

RICE LINE WITH DB1 TRANSGENE

1Nono Carsono

*,

2Nurhayati Fitriani

*,

3Danar Dono

*,

4Agus

Wahyudin*,

5Diani Damayanti

**,

5M. Herman

**,

6Murdaningsih H.K.

*, and

7Kinya Toriyama

***

*Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor

Bandung 40600, Author for correspondence: [email protected] **

ICABIOGRAD/BB Biogen Bogor; ***

Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University,

Sendai, Japan

Abstract

Genetic improvement of rice crop plant resistance to brown planthopper is

one of the main goals in rice breeding programs in Indonesia. To achieve

this goal, DB1 transgene (Mannose-Binding Lectin Family Gene) driven by

sucrose synthase-I promoter which was isolated from the tuber of Dioscorea

batatas and proven to be effective against sup-sucking insect, had been

succesfully transformed into rice genome cv.Taichung-65 by using

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and one homozygous line has been

selected. However, plants derived from genetic transformation frequently

show phenotypic abnormality, hence agronomic trait evaluation is required

to clarify the occurrence of this phenomenon. The objective of this

experiment was to obtain transgenic rice plants with normal phenotypes (cv.

Taichung 65). Green house experiment was performed from July 2010 until

January 2011 at Transgenic Containment, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Forty rice

plants were used in this experiment, consist of 20 T3 generation of transgenic

rice plants cv. Taichung-65 and 20 non-transgenic rice lines of cv. Taichung-

65 as check. Data were analyzed by student t-test. The results showed that

significant differences had been found in plant height, seed wet weight per

panicle, seed dry weight per panicle, grain number per panicle, grain weight

per panicle, and grain filled per hill. These results suggest that agronomic

trait differences in transgenic plants caused by somaclonal variation during

in-vitro culture.

Key words: Agronomic evaluation, DB1 transgene, somaclonal variation,

transgenic rice lines.



AGOR038

IDENTIFICATION OF PORK COTAMINATION IN

MEATBALLS OF LOCAL MARKET USING PCR-RFLP

ANALYSIS

Y. Erwanto1, M. Z. Abidin

1, & D. N. Haryati

1

1Division of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,

Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna No.3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta

55281

Fax : 62-274-521578 E-mail: [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract

This research applied and evaluated a PCR-RFLP procedure to detect

pork contamination in meatballs from local market in Yogyakarta

using cytochrome b gen. To confirm the effectiveness and specificity of

this fragment, an sixteen meatballs DNA samples from different

―warung bakso‖ were isolated and amplification, then PCR amplicon

was digested by BseDI restriction enzyme to distunguished pork

existence in meatballs. BseDI restriction enzyme was able to cleave

porcine cytochrome b gene into two fragment (131 bp and 228 bp).

The meatballs of local market observation showed that seven of

sixteen ―warung bakso‖ were detected pork contamination. In

conclusion, specific PCR amplification of cyt b gen and cleaved by

BseDI restriction enzymes seems to be a powerful technique for the

identification of pork existence in meatball because of its simplicity,

specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, pork contamination intended

for sausage, nugget, ―abon‖ and ―dendeng‖ can be checked. The

procedure is also much cheaper than other methods based on PCR,

immunodiffusion, and other techniques that need expensive

equipment.

Keywords: Pork, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Detection, Meatballs



AGOR039

LAYER PRODUCTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY

DIFFERENT FEEDING PORTION

Indreswari1, R., U. Atmomarsono

2 and H. I. Wahyuni

2

1) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 2) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Diponegoro, Semarang 50275,

Indonesia

Abstract

The research aimed to determine feeding portion that support optimal

productivity. The material used on experiment was 11 weeks of 252

head of Lohmann Brown. Feeding portion treatments were as

follows: T1 = 100% (once at morning); T2 = 30:70%; T3 = 40:60%;

T4 = 50:50%; T5 = 60:40%; T6 = 70:30%; T7 = 100% (once at

noon). Each treatment was replicated 4 with 9 hens per unit

experiment. Completely randomized design was used for this

laboratory experiment which applied when the hen reached 22 weeks

old. Split in time design was used for the following variables: feed

intake, Hen Day Production (HDP), egg mass, egg weight, feed

conversion ratio (FCR). Feeding portion treatment as main plot and

age as subplot. The observation divided into 2 periods of age, 22-26

weeks and 27-32 weeks. The result showed that no interaction

between treatment and age that influenced feed intake, HDP, egg

weight, egg mass, and FCR. There was interaction between treatment

and age for FCR at 22-26 weeks. The treatments influenced intake

and egg weight at 22-26 weeks and at 27-32 weeks. Hen Day

Production at 27-32 weeks, shell thickness at 22-26 weeks was

affected by the treatments. Egg mass and FCR were not influenced by

treatment. This research concluded that giving feeding portion of

70:30% at 22-26 weeks had egg weight higher than other treatments.

Keywords: productivity, feeding portion, layer


AGOR040

CHEMICAL AND APPEARANCE CHARACTERICS OF

NOODLES PRODUCING FROM COMPOSITE FLOUR

BASED ON YAM (Dioscorea alata L.) AND THE BEANS

Markus1)

, J. E. R & Shirly S. Oematan1)

1)

Crop Sicence Department, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Nusa

Cendana. Jl. Adisucipto Penfui Kupang, 85001. Timor, Indonesia

Abstract

This research has done at Laboratorium of Crop Production and The Seed

Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Nusa Cendana, from June to

August 2010. This research aim to find out the Chemical and Appearance

Characterics of noodles from different composition of composite flour of yam

(Dioscorea alata L.) and beans. Its begin with the preparation of collected

yam (Dioscorea alata L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and dolichos bean

(Lablab purpureus L.) from local market Oemofa village and stored in

refrigerator at the temperature of 14 oC to 18

oC and mung bean (Phaseolus

radiatus L.) bought from the trader at the local market. The procedure of

work include analysis of nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and callori of

noodle were based on AOAC procedures.The results show that noodles from

composite flour based on yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and the beans have height

level of nutrition. The noodles with highest carbohydrate level found in

flour purple flesh yam - dolichos bean about 75,62%; 16,67% protein

content found in noodles from flour based on purple flesh yam - mung bean,

the highest fat content was in noodles with flour of purple flesh yam- mung

bean which about 11,86%, and the highest energy produced from noodles

with flour of white flesh yam - mung bean . Comparing to wheat noodles and

noodles from composite flour, Nutrision content of noodles produced is better

than wheat noodles. The percentage texture of noodles with flour white flesh

yam - cowpea is 65%, the percentage taste of its with flour purple flesh yam -

cowpea is 55%, the percentage smell of with method (purple flesh yam- mung

bean and color of noodles with flour (purple flesh yam dolichos bean is 55%.

Key words: noodles, dolichos bean, yam, cowpeas, organoleptic properties


AGOR042

ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF Rhodotorula spp.

AGAINST SPOILAGE-CAUSING MOULDS ON

TOMATOES

Anggita. R. Hafsari1, Ariyanti Oetari

2, Andi Salamah

2 and Wellyzar

Sjamsuridzal2

1Departement of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of

Islamic State Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Bandung 16; 2Department of

Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of

Indonesia, Depok 16424; Indonesia;


Abstract

Six strains of Rhodotorula spp. (Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-318,

Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-325, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-332,

Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-381, Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-384, and

Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-386) were investigated as antagonistic

yeasts against Aspergillus ochraceus D1.2.2.SSM3, A. terreus

D2.2.MC, and Drechslera sp. D1.3.MC. The yeast strains were

isolated from plants of Cibodas Botanical Garden, and the mould

strains were isolated from decayed tomatoes and infected plants,

collection of University of Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC).

Antagonistic test by using strip method showed that highest

percentage reduction of mould colonies was shown by Rhodotorula

sp. UICC Y- 325 against Drechslera sp. (28.12%—72.14%), followed

by Rhodotorula sp. UICC Y-381 against A. ochraceus (54. 28%—

72.46%), and Rhodotorula sp. Y-318 against A. terreus (21.76%—

58.10%).

Keywords: Aspergillus ochraceus, A. terreus, biological control, Drechslera sp.,

Rhodotorula sp., tomato, yeast


AGOR043*

GREATER MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN A SALINE

SOIL COMPARED WITH NON-SALINE SOIL AFTER

ADDITION OF ORGANIC MATTER

1Nurbaity, A.

*,** &

2Abbott, L.K.

**

*Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran,

Bandung 40600 Indonesia **School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Western Australia

Crawley 6009Australia

[email protected]

Abstract

Organic matter had an ameliorative effect when added to a saline soil.

Increased organic matter levels and reactivated microbial activity are

important processes in improving the soil quality. Soil, when saline, has low

microbial activity; hence addition of ameliorants such as organic matter is

expected to improve the environment for microorganisms. The objective of

this work was to compare the effects of different types and amounts of

organic matter on microbial activity in a saline and non-saline soil from

Allandale, Western Australia. It was expected that there would be a greater

effect of the addition of organic matter in the saline soil compared with non-

saline soil, for some microbial processes. The glasshouse experimental

design included two types (wheat straw and hay) and amounts (equal to 5

and 10 t/ha) of organic matter. Microbial biomass C, fungal to bacterial

ratio, and root length colonised by indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

and shoot fresh weight of balansa clover were measured in a bioassay 3 and

6 weeks after organic matter incorporation. Soil microbial respiration was

measured every week until the 6th

week. Addition of organic matter increased

some aspects of soil microbiology and growth of balansa clover. Microbial

biomass C, soil microbial respiration, fungal to bacterial ratio, and root

length colonised by AM fungi were higher in soil treated with organic matter

in both the saline and non-saline soil, but there was a greater effect in the

saline soil compared with non-saline soil. Hay treatment had more

significant stimulating effects on microbial activity than did straw.

Moreover, application of hay at the lower rate (5 t/ha) generally produced

similar effects to those obtained with application at higher rate (10 t/ha) of

straw. For these levels of application, hay was more efficient in improving

the microbial environment in the soil than was straw.

Keywords: salinity, microbial activity, organic matter


AGOR044*

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND SEQUENCE

ANALYSIS OF botryodiplodia sp. AS PATHOGEN OF

CITRUS GUMMOSIS IN INDONESIA

Julinda BD Henuk

Agricultural Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Jalan Adisucipto

Penfui, Kupang, 85001 Indonesia

Abstract

Gummosis is one of the important diseases in citrus caused by

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (synonyms Botryodiplodia theobromae and

Diplodia natalensis, teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina). The

objectives of the study are to identify the species of pathogen causing

gummosis from several citrus central productions in Indonesia based

on molecular characteristics and sequence analysis. This study

includes three activities: (1) collection and isolation Botryodiplodia

sp. from basal stem rot, (2) extraction of DNA genomic and

amplification DNA fragment using PCR technique, and (3) sequence

analysis. Based on molecular identification and confirmation with

DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer regions

(ITS4 and ITS5), gummosis was caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae

Pat. (teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx.)). Nine

isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae from citrus and other hosts from

different location further genetic analysis showed that those isolates

can be differentiated into two clusters, showing the possible genetic

differences among them.

Keywords: citrus, gummosis, molecular identification, sequencing.


AGOR045*

THE CLIMATE ANOMALY AND ITS EFFECT ON

CROPPING SYSTEM AND PADDY PRODUCTIVITY IN

BANGKA BELITUNG, INDONESIA

1Siti Fatimah Batubara

*,

2Irma Audiah Fachrista

**,

3Mamik

Sarwendah**

*Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology of North Sumatera,

**Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology of Bangka Belitung

Address: A.H. Nasution Street 1B North Sumatera


Abstract

Climate is a key element of plant metabolism system and physiology.

Climate change will have a negative effect on agriculture

sustainability, furthurmore; it will harm the food security. In Bangka

Belitung, Indonesia, the water provision for paddy fields is still

dependent on rainfall. Therefore, the climate anomalies; such as the

tardiness of rainy season and high rainfall level, will have affect on

paddy farming system. Production of paddy at Bangka Belitung only

meet the demand 12.6%, and 87,4% of rice is imported from other

provinces. Based on the reasons above, this study was conducted to

examine the anomalies of climate and its effect on cropping systems

and paddy productivity in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. The data

which is used here were rainfall data for last ten years and paddy

production in the planting season I and II in 2010. The results showed

that climate change is quite extreme if we compared with rainfall for

last ten years.This climate change have effect on cropping system. On

2010, there are only 266 ha of rice field was planted (total is 1902

ha). The high rainfall level is have a big effect on rice productivity.

The rice productivity on first planting season (April – September

2010) is very low; 1.9 to 2.6 t/ha. Therefore, climatic anomaly that

occurred throughout 2010 was influenced cropping systems and rice

productivity at Bangka Belitung.

Keywords: Climate anomaly, Paddy, Produktivity, Bangka Belitung


AGOR046*

PRODUCTION OF PECTINASE FROM RAMIE

INDIGENOUS PECTINOLYTIC FUNGI

1Junedi Ragansan Purba, 2Asri Peni Wulandari

Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology

Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung

Corresponden author : [email protected]

Abstract

Research on production of pectinase from ramie indigenous

pectinolytic fungi was conducted. Four isolates of indigenous ramie

fungi consisting of Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and

Penicillium sp. was used to produce pectinase under Submerged

Fermentation (SmF) technique for 10 days fermentation by using

ramie fibers as pectin substrate. By observing the fermentation, the

optimum condition for pectinase production was obtained on second

day of fermentation with pH 6-7, temperature 30-350C and 1 gram

ramie bast fibers in 300 ml of medium fermentation. The results

showed a high unit activity of pectinase production, namely 68,77-

70,88 Unit/ml.

Keywords: Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. pectinase,

rami (Boehmeria nivea), Submerged Fermtation



AGOR047

KINSHIP TYPE OF BANANA (Musa sp.) IN WEST JAVA

BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL

CHARACTERS

M. Khais P.1, A. Ismail

2, Murdaningsih H. K

3 & Fathunnisa

4

1Program Studies of Plant Breeding Faculty of Agricultural-Universitas

Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

2Lab. Plant Breeding-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

3 Lab. Plant Breeding-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

4Program Studies of Food Technology Faculty of Agro-industrial Technology -

Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

Abstract

Bananas are horticultural commodities which get priority to be

researched and developed because of the potential in order to meet

domestic demand or exports. Characterization activities are a way to

find out the diversity of character is one of the procedures plant

breeding and basic to obtain new high yielding cultivars. The purpose

of this study was to obtain data on the genetic relationship from types

of bananas in West Java based on morphological and agronomic

characters. Research using survey methods and the exploration

carried out in several areas in West Java (Garut, Purwakarta,

Bandung, Cianjur and Banjar) from February to April 2011.

Determining the location by purposive sampling. The result of this

study is kinship type of bananas in West Java is diverse. From the

results of Euclidian distance dendogram of each type, explain that the

variation which found in the local banana types is broad.

Keywords: Banana, Characterization, Kinship type, Purposive sampling, Euclidian


AGOR048

NUMEROUS FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOD

AVAILABILITY DURING HARVESTING AND LEAN

SEASONS IN WEST TIMOR

Johanna Suek1 & Herianus J.D. Lalel

2

1 Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana

University, Jalan Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang-Indonesia 2 Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana

University, Jalan Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang-Indonesia

Abstract

Problem of hunger in West Timor is very seasonal phenomenon that

has to be faced by rural households routinely. Food shortage

becomes more severe as the trend of food usage for social functions

during harvesting season increase. The aims of this research are (1)

to analyze the relationship between season, treatment and food

security, and (2) to underpin numerous factors influencing food

availability. The research was carried out during the harvesting and

lean season in 2009 at 96 villages of four regencies in West Timor.

Villages were purposively selected based on their potential

agricultural product. Villages of each regency then were divided in

four treatments, and thus there were six villages for every treatment.

Respondents were 30 housewives of poor households randomly

chosen. The result showed that food in most of households comes

from their own farm, and hence it has short availability time.

Therefore, intervention of the program using treatment of credit, pure

storage and fixed storage (storage with contract) gave valuable

lessons to the households in coping food shortage problems during

lean season. Variables of area of possessing land, cash income and

the number of productive labor have positive impact on food

availability. In contrast, expenditure for festivals or parties

negatively influences food availability in households.

Key words: food security, West Timor, food availability, lean season


AGOR049

LABORATORY BIOASSAY OF ENTOMOPHATOGENIC

FUNGI Beauveria bassiana AND Metarrhizium anisopliae

FOR CONTROL OF SWEET POTATO WEEVIL

(Cylas formicarius Fab.)

Yosep Seran Mau

Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Nusa Cendana.

Jln. Adisucipto Penfui-Kupang, NTT. 85001. Indonesia.

Abstract

Sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.) is an important pest of sweet

potato in the tropics, including Indonesia. The weevil is not easily controlled

using conventional method of insecticide spray since the weevil stays and

feeds inside the sweet potato tubers and the stems. Alternative control

method that could be more effective includes the use of entomopathogenic

fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae. This study

was carried out to investigate the potential of these two entomopathogenic

fungal species to control C. formicarius. Several conidial concentrations of

B. bassiana and M. anisoplia were sprayed on C. formicarius adults and the

insect mortality was observed daily until the last insect died. Research

results showed that percentage of insect mortality at 7 day after inoculation

(DAI) ranged from 10 to 80% for B. bassiana and 15 to 90% for M.

anisopliae inoculations, depending on the conidial concentrations tested. At

the lowest conidial concentration (101 condia.mL

-1), the test insects

inoculated with B. bassiana were all dead at 22 DAI while those inoculated

with M. anisoplia were all dead at 19 DAI. The median lethal concentration

(LC50) of M. anisopliae to kill 50% of the test insects (9.66×104 conidia.mL

-1)

was lower than that of B. bassiana (1.28×106 conidia.mL

-1). Similarly,

median lethal time (LT50) of M. anisopliae (3.99 days) was shorter than that

of B. bassiana (4.77 days). Research results, therefore, demonstrated that the

two fungal species were pathogenic on C. formicarius. Although M.

anisopliae had lower LC50 and LT50 than B. bassiana, effectiveness of the two

fungal species against C. formicarius was not significantly different due to

overlapping fiducial limits of the two parameters.

Key Words: Bioassay, Cylas formicarius, Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium

anisopliae.


AGOR050*

STUDY OF PARTNERSHIP BREEDING BETWEEN PLANT BREEDER AND

GAPOKTAN-PONPES (A TRADITIONAL FARMER GROUP) ON

CROSSING CAPABILITY IN F1 SWEET CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Arifin Noor Sugiharto

Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDONESIA

Abstract

We have been genotyping the Filius (F6) sweet corn lines that currently

ready to be evaluated by multi-location and released. Normally, in the step

of breeding program, releasing varieties followed by seed production and

distribution would be done after such tests that costly needed and time

consuming. Traditional institution of farmer group called in Indonesia as

―Gapoktan‖ and the Religious teaching stage called as ―Ponpes‖ have been

known as non-formal institution which have high potency and unique

networking access to surrounding public citizen and other informal

institutions. As so did, they can be as a producer and virtual guarantor or

good marketing agent of many agricultural products as well. Therefore, a

mutual partnership model established between breeder and them is very

important and to be a prospective idea to short cut breeding process and

hybrid seed production. Scientific accountability and efficiency of whole

breeding – seed production would be kept into main consideration. The

concept was ―Gapoktan‖ and ―Ponpes‖ firstly have been trained to adopt

technology for crossing to set F1 Hybrid seed, then the results would be

evaluated and compared with those done by breeder to determine whether

they eligible or not. If they did so, partnership would be mutully continued

and they would be encouraged to distribute F1 seeds to other ―gapoktan‖ or

public citizens for next growing season. Three nominated Gapoktan and

Ponpes from separated regencies, i.e., Pasuruan, Malang and Batu were

determined as the model. They were asked to grow two inbred lines of sweet

corn i.e., male and female as parental which than the female ones were

detasseled and let them crossed naturally by non-detasseled male. SSR

based molecular test was used to address whether true cross or self or out

cross pollination in F1 hybrid. Plant height and productivity of famale were

also observed. The results showed that F1 seed production as indicator

achievement among them were not significantly different from those of

breeder in any place. Even though in between the places they did differ in

plant height. The differences were probably caused by ecological factors,

not by their capability in agriculture practicing. Based on SSR analysis, only

a F1 population from gapoktan of Tani subur, Pasuruan showed the highest

self pollination.


AGOR052

LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITY CAPTURE

FISHERIES RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Acase in Pangandaran region in the district of Ciamis Weast Java)

Atikah Nurhayat, RusidMaman Haeruman Karmana, Bachrulhajat Koswara

[email protected]

Abstract

Research was aims to assess the sustainability fisheries resources in

the region of Pangandaran West Java Ciamis. Out of consideration

that the region has decreasing the production of capture fisheries and

never affected by the tsunami disaster. This research uses primary

data and secondary data. Analysis of the sustainability of fisheries

resource management is done using Rapfish analysis.This research

uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data by using a

stratified cluster random sampling as many as 186 people fishing

outboard and purposively acquired five employees Marine and

Fisheries district of Ciamis West Java Province. Analysis of the

sustainability of fisheries resource management is done using Rapfish

analysis. Level of sustainability of fisheries resource management

through a dimensional approach to ecological, social, technological

and ethical in poor sustainability of fishery resources while managing

the economic dimension in condition enough to support the

sustainability of fisheries resource management.

Keywords: sustainability, rapfish, fisheries



AGOR053

SIMULATION MODEL FOR CORN (Zea mays, L.)

PLANTING TIME DETERMINATION IN DRYLAND OF

TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

W.I.I. Mella1, T. Vincentius1, R. Pollo1, A.S.J Adutae1, M.M.J.

Kapa1, M. Kasim1, K. Rantelobo2, A. Kedang3, & A. Geru4

1Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia

2Fakultas Sains dan Teknik, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia 3Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kupang, 85001, Indonesia

4Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, Kupang 85001, Indonesia

Abstract

In the last decade, corn farmers in West Timor have frequently

experienced planting failure due to erratic rainfall and dry spells. A

reliable planting time determination will be highly appreciated not

just by farmers but by politicians alike. This study was meant to build

a model of planting time for corn based on crop water requirement,

rainy season forecast, water balance, and dry spell occurrences. Crop

water requirement is specifically assessed for seed germination and

early growth of seedlings on representative soils (an Entisols and a

Vertisols). Water balance was based on Cocheme-Franquin model in

determining water surpluses and deficits during the year. Rainfall

forecasting was based on a combination of ARIMA model and SOI

values. Dry spells were calculated based on Oldeman and Frère

method. Results showed that there were three determining factors in

planting time of corn namely: water deficit (rainfall minus ETo), SOI

values, and dry spell (rainfall < 3 mm) probability during two

consecutive days in a decade. The model is: (1). IF SOI 3 preceding

months >+7 THEN Planting = 1 ELSE Planting = 0; (2). IF PDD <

50% THEN Planting time = 1 ELSE Planting time = 0; (3) IF

(Rainfall-ETo)>0>soil water deficit THEN Planting time = 1 ELSE

Planting time = 0.

Keywords: planting time, corn (Zea mays), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), dry

spell, Timor


AGOR054*

SOIL EROSION AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD AVAILABILITY OF DRYLAND

FARMS UNDER SHIFTING CULTIVATION AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS

IN WEST TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

1Welhelmus I. I. Mella and

2Johanna Suek

Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Cendana University

Kampus Baru Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Province 85001

Phone/Fax: 62-380-881085; Cell: 085239004279; Email:

[email protected]

Abstract

In the past, shifting cultivation with a slash burn operation in drylands of

West Timor was considered to be an environmentally sound practice.

Nowadays, however, with a fast population growth couples with hilly to

mountaneous topography of the area may put shifting cultivation practices as

a sole reason for land degradation and food crop production decrease

through soil erosion. This ultimately menace the sustainability of dryland

food crop productions. A notion that slash and burn may improve soil fertility

through available minerals in ashes can be nulified by run-off. Therefore,

this research was designed to estimate erosion rates of soils under shifting

cultivation on different elevations, and to relate household food availability

of farms under shifting cultivation with soil erosion rates. A field survey was

conducted to collect soil variables and field measurable USLE variables and

to collect food production data from farms under shifting cultivation. Seventy

three farmers at three different elevations who farmed on three slope

categories were propotionally random sampled. Household food availability

was based on rice equivalence. Results showed that in each slope category,

soil erosion rates increased with elevations. Similarly, in every elevation,

soil erosion rates increased with slopes. In general, however, soil erosion

rates were way higher than the tolerable rates. Therefore, in all the study

sites, proper soil conservation measures have to be strictly applied to reduce

soil erosion rates to below tolerable figures. Simple regression analyses

revealed a decrease of 0.49 kcal, 0.77 kcal, and 0.21 kcal of food availability

with an increase of one ton soil eroded in areas of 0 to 400 m asl, >400 to

900 m asl, and >900 m asl, respectively. A low food availability decrease

with a one-ton increase in soil erosion at >900 m asl was due to

conservation measures applied in the area.


AGOR055

EFFECT OF PUFA SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL, FAT

CONTENT, WATER CONTENT, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE

SIMENTAL-ONGOLE CROSS BRED MEAT

Riyanto, J

1., S. D. Widyawati

1 & W. Pratitis

1

1Animal Husbandry Department of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University, Surakarta 57101, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)

supplementation of Lemuru Fish Oil (LFO), Palm Oil (PO), Soybean Meal (SM) and

Fish Meal (FM) in cattle feedlot rations Simental-Ongole Cross Bred on the

cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The treatments were

as many as 5 kinds: BF = Basal Feed (BF) (30% rice straw fermented (RSF)+70%

Basal Concentrate (BC), PO=30% RSF+65%BC+5%PO,

LFO=30%RSF+65%BC+5%LFO,FM = 30%RSF+60%BC +10%FM, and SM =

30%RSF+60% BC +10%SM. LFO and PO protection previously performed by

saponification, while the SM and FM protected by 5% formaldehyde each treatment

was given to the Simental-Ongole Cross Bred for 4 months of fattening feedlot model.

All cattle treated is cut and then meat taken on the muscle Longissimus dorsi (Ld) for

determination of cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat content. The

result is PUFA supplementation significantly affect (P 0.05) on cholesterol and not

significantly affect (P≥0.05) on fat content, water content, and protein meat content.

Cholesterol content of meat from each treatment are FM, SM, PO, LFO, and BF was

22.5 mg 100g-1, 24.16 mg 100g-1, 29.3 mg 100g-1, 31.4 mg 100g-1, and 39.8 mg

100g-1, respectively, fat content 3,41%, 3,26%, 3,62%, 3,38% and 3,45%,

respectively, water content 75,05%,74,57 %, 75,24%, 73,90%, 71,97% respectively.

and protein content 21,75%, 22,60 %, 22,29%, 18,56%, and 21,99% respectively.

Conclusion beef cattle that received supplementation with PUFA obtained meat lower

cholesterol content than those fed with non supplementation of PUFA. PUFA

supplementation either derived from waste oil (LFO and PO) as well as from not

waste oil (SM and FM) are able to produce low cholesterol and fat meat content and

high protein meat content compared to those without PUFA supplementation in the

ration of fattening cattle Feedlot Simental-Ongole Cross Bred. Supplementation of

Soybean Meal produced meat low in cholesterol, low fat and high protein

Keywords: PUFA, cholesterol, meat fat, meat water, meat protein, Simental-Ongole

Cross Bred


AGOR057

EFFECT OF PUFA SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL, FAT

CONTENT, WATER CONTENT, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE

SIMENTAL-ONGOLE CROSS BRED MEAT

Riyanto, J ., S. D. Widyawati & W. Pratitis

Animal Husbandry Department of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University, Surakarta 57101, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

(PUFA) supplementation of Lemuru Fish Oil (LFO), Palm Oil (PO), Soybean

Meal (SM) and Fish Meal (FM) in cattle feedlot rations Simental-Ongole

Cross Bred on the cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat

content. The treatments were as many as 5 kinds: BF = Basal Feed (BF)

(30% rice straw fermented (RSF)+70% Basal Concentrate (BC), PO=30%

RSF+65%BC+5%PO, LFO=30%RSF+65%BC+5%LFO,FM =

30%RSF+60%BC +10%FM, and SM = 30%RSF+60% BC +10%SM. LFO

and PO protection previously performed by saponification, while the SM and

FM protected by 5% formaldehyde each treatment was given to the Simental-

Ongole Cross Bred for 4 months of fattening feedlot model. All cattle treated

is cut and then meat taken on the muscle Longissimus dorsi (Ld) for

determination of cholesterol, fat content, water content, and protein meat

content. The result is PUFA supplementation significantly affect (P 0.05)

on cholesterol and not significantly affect (P≥0.05) on fat content, water

content, and protein meat content. Cholesterol content of meat from each

treatment are FM, SM, PO, LFO, and BF was 22.5 mg 100g-1, 24.16 mg

100g-1, 29.3 mg 100g-1, 31.4 mg 100g-1, and 39.8 mg 100g-1, respectively,

fat content 3,41%, 3,26%, 3,62%, 3,38% and 3,45%, respectively, water

content 75,05%,74,57 %, 75,24%, 73,90%, 71,97% respectively. and protein

content 21,75%, 22,60 %, 22,29%, 18,56%, and 21,99% respectively.

Conclusion beef cattle that received supplementation with PUFA obtained

meat lower cholesterol content than those fed with non supplementation of

PUFA. PUFA supplementation either derived from waste oil (LFO and PO)

as well as from not waste oil (SM and FM) are able to produce low

cholesterol and fat meat content and high protein meat content compared to

those without PUFA supplementation in the ration of fattening cattle Feedlot

Simental-Ongole Cross Bred. Supplementation of Soybean Meal produced

meat low in cholesterol, low fat and high protein

Keywords: PUFA, cholesterol, meat fat, meat water, meat protein, Simental-Ongole

Cross Bred


AGOR061*

STUDY ON PREPARATION OF NATURAL

COLOURANT-LOADED EMULSION USING

SPONTANEOUS-DIFFUSION TECHNIQUE

1Sri Yuliani,

2Heny Herawaty,

3Niken Harimurti

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and

Development

(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian)

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12, Bogor

Abstract

The use of natural colourant is gaining popularity in line with the

increase in trend in back to nature life style. Incorporating natural

calourant in traditional textile manufacturing is encouraged as it

produces less waste and environmentally friendly. Preparation of

emulsion containing natural colourant is an attractive approach as it

provides ready to use colourant for easy application. In this research,

natural colourant extracted from wood leather of Ceriops tagal PERR

is used in colourant emulsification. Emulsions consisting of wood

leather extract – hydrophilic surfactant – water at different

proportions were prepared using spontaneous diffusion technique

under low magnetic stirring. Four different concentrations of wood

leather extract containing hydrophilic surfactant were examined (5,

10, 15 and 10%) with a fixed ratio of surfactant to the extract. Stirring

time (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) was also observed to identify the

emulsion properties as affected by process conditions. The formation

of emulsion droplets was affected by stirring time and extract

concentration. Fine emulsion droplets were observed in low extract

concentrations and long stirring time.

Keywords: emulsion, natural colourant, Ceriops tagal


AGOR063

CAROTENOID, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF “JINTAN LEAVES”

(Plectranthus amboinicus L. Spreng.)

1Lydia Ninan Lestario, 2Lina Agustina, 3Sri Hartini

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,

Satya Wacana Christian University, jl. Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga-

50711, Indonesia

Abstract

Studies on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and carotenoid

content in the leaves of the cumin (Plectranthus amboinicus L.

Spreng.) have been carried out from May 2008 until February 2009 at

the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science and

Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University. The purpose of this

study was to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content

and carotenoids content at leaves extract of cumin (Plectranthus

amboinicus L. Spreng.) Antioxidant activity in study was measured by

DPPH method, and reducing power method, where as phenolic

content was measured by staining with Folin Ciocalteau method, and

the measurement of carotenoids was carried out with lichtenthaler

method. Data obtained from this research were tested with RAK

(Randomized completely block disign) test with and 5 treatments and

5 replications (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water as

solvents). The results obtained showed that the highest of antioxidant

activity by DPPH method and reducing power method; total phenolic

content and the content of carotenoids were found in ethyl acetate

extract. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method was 83.31 ± 2.00%,

while the reducing power method was 4.777 ± 0.1131 mek

K4Fe(CN)6 / g extract, and total phenolic content was 32.09 ± 3.87

mg / g extract and the content of carotenoids was 5,2394 ± 0,1715 mg

/ g extract.

Keywords: antioxidant activity, free redical scavenger, reducing power, phenolic,

carotenoid


AGOR064

HARMONIZING AGRICULTURE, FORESTS AND

FISHERY MANAGEMENT IN THE DESIGN OF REDD+

IN SMALL ISLANDS OF KEPULAUAN ARU REGENCY,

MALUKU PROVINCE

Mardiatmoko, G.

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, 97233,

Indonesia,

Abstract

Generally, ecology on big islands and small islands is different. In

case of small islands ecology is more fragile, implementation of

sustainable agriculture, forest and fishery should be handled

carefully. The research regarding management of coastal area in

small islands and its impact for sustainable development in Regency

of Kepulauan Aru, Maluku Province was done. The results showed

that the natural resources of Kepulauan Aru Regency is a very

potential regency for fishery development and fishery sector has

become as leading sector and prime mover for economical

development in this region. Unfortunately, the coastal area, low land

and high land have damaged by forest degradation, deforestation and

others activities. In this case, forest quality can be improved through

forest conservation action in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation

and forest Degradation (REDD+) Project. The Special Design of

REDD+ Project in Small Islands is needed and should be done by

harmonizing Agriculture, Forests and Fishery management with

involvement of all stakeholders in this region.

Keywords: sustainable agriculture, REDD+, deforestation, forest degradation.


AGOR065*

FARMER INVESMENT INTO BIOSECURITY ON

BROILER AND LAYER FARMS IN SOUTH SULAWESI

1V.S. Lestari

*,

2A. Natsir

*,

3H.M. Ali

*,

4I. Patrick

**

*Faculty of Animal Husbandry,

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245,

Telephone: (0411)

Email: [email protected] Telp: (0411)582906 **

Institute for Rural Future, University of New England, Armidale,

New South Wales 2351, Australia

Abstract

Biosecurity is defined as an activity undertaken to protect livestock from

infectious diseases by applying sanitary and other prevention efforts.

Biosecurity measure consists of isolation, traffic-control and sanitation. The

purpose of biosecurity measure is to prevent poultry from contagious

diseases especially Avian Influenza (AI), so that the poultry products are safe

and healthy to consume.This research was conducted to identify the level of

biosecurity on broiler and layer farms and to know the ratio between

investment and business scale in an effort to determine whether large-

scale farms or small-scale farms invest more in biosecurity. Survey was

conducted on 60 broiler and 60 layer farms which were located in Maros and

Sidrap regencies. This research was done in May 2010 for one month. Data

were collected thorugh observation and interview with broiler and layer

farmers using questioner. Data were analized using descriptive statistics.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in general

biosecurity measures from the gate to the shed at layer and broiler farms

have the same profile, however, on layer farm give a better attention on a

locked fence, parking area and washing vehicles, while on broiler farms pay

more attention to avoid puddles. The average cost for repairs and

maintenance of broiler farms were greater than the layer farms for small

scale farm. For broiler farms, large-scale biosecurity investment cost was

lower than the small scale.

Key words: investment, biosecurity, broiler, layer, farm



AGOR066

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND

THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG JAVANESE WINGED BEAN

(Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. DC.) ACCESSIONS

Nusifera, S.1, M.H. Karmana

2, M. Rachmadi

2, and A.Karuniawan

2

1Agronomy Department, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia

2,Plant Breeding Department, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang

45363, Indonesia,

Abstract

An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of diversity and

relationships among 27 winged bean accessions collected from several

region in Java Island. Characterization of 29 characters was conducted in a

field experiment started from May 2009 untill september 2010 in

experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University,

Jatinangor Sumedang. Experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block

Design and replicated twice. Treatment was 27 winged bean accessions

collected from various region of Java Island. 29 characters observed were

morpho agronomic characters which were measured by referring to plant

descriptors issued by IBPGR (international Board of Plant genetic

Resources). Such experiment was conducted in two growing

seasons.Correlation analysis was done on several quantitatively measured

characters. To estimate the extent of diversity, data were analyzed

multivariately using principle component analysis and cluster analysis.

Results showed that there were extremely large diversity among 27 javanese

wingedbean accessions. Results of PCA analysis indicated that accessions

from west java were distributed in four quadrant of biplot. This means that

wide variability existed among western accessions. Meanwhile, rest

accessions from central and eastern Java seemed to be affiliated in the same

cluster with accessions from west java. Fact that three accessions from west

java was seperated different cluster also indicated that wingedbean seed

trafficking might start from west java, central and eventually east Java. This

prediction was in accordance with previous assumption that west java had

been center of diversity of winged bean. The results of the characters

distribution and phenotipic diversity analysis permitted some broad

generalization about collection, coservation (core collection), and uses

(breeding purposes).

Keywords : accession, diversity, genetic, seed-trafficking,winged bean.


AGOR067*

EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUND IN RAW

MATERIAL, GERMINATED AND TEMPEH LIKE

PRODUCT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata)

1Iceu Agustinisari

*,

2Endang Yuli Purwani

*,

3Widia Ningsih

** and

4Muslich

***

*Indonesian Center of Agricultural Postharvest Research and

Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar no 12, Bogor Indonesia (Phone:

0251-8321762, Fax: 0251-8350920, corresponding author:

[email protected] **

Graduate from Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor

Agricultural University ***3

Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural

University

Abstract

Cowpea is one of local bean which widely grown in Indonesia. This

bean is commonly used as culinary ingredients and traditional snacks.

Formerly research revealed that cowpea bean could be processed to

be tempeh like product, is usually made from soybean. Investigation to

explore both nutrition and non nutrition compounds in cowpea bean is

important to optimalize its benefit. One of non nutritional compound

is phenolic compound which is functioned as antioxidant. Antioxidant

compounds played various roles as health promoting factor. This

study evaluted the potential phenolic compound such as tanin,

coumaric acid and ferulic acid in raw material, germinaed bean and

cowpea tempeh, including their antioxidant activities. Ferulic and

coumaric acid were determined by high performance liquid

chromatography, whereas tanin and total phenolic content was

analyzed using spectrofotometer. Result showed that the content of

phenolic compound decreased by germination and fermentation, while

antioxidant activities increased. Coumaric acid was found in raw

material, germinated bean and cowpea tempeh. Ferulic acid was

found only in cowpea tempeh or after fermentation.


AGOR068

STRENGTHENING FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY BY

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY IN SINDANG KASIH VILLAGE, SOUTH KONAWE

REGENCY)

Darwis, Suaib, & Hasbullah Syaf

Lecturers at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Haluoleo

University

Kendari 93232, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia.


Abstract

Today the agricultural challenge has been getting heavier. The population of

the world has reached 6.8 billion and the instability of food production due

to climate change. Formerly the agricultural end products serve to meet the

human needs only, but now its also competitively with another consumers,

such as corn used as livestock feed. Agricultural products are also converted

into bio-energy such as biodiesel and bio-ethanol. Further effort to increase

production has fueled the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides that

could have an impact on environmental damage. One of many ways in

solving food and feed needs in agro-ecological dry land conditions and

according to the wisdom of local communities is an integrated farming

system which integrate crops and livestock. An action research was carried

out by integrating the wet rice and cattle in Sindang Kasih village, South

Konawe regency since 2005 until now. The completely randomized design

was arranged the 100 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP, and 100 kg of NPK as A

treatment, and 0 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP, and 100 kg of NPK + 2 tons of

Sludge as B treatment. The biogas sludge obtained from the use of cow

manure into biogas digester. The digester capacity is about 5 cubic and it‘s

able to serve two household farmers. This simple technology was able to

suppress 50 % of the cost of kerosene fuel. By using biogas sludge, the

panicle length, the number of tillers, the number of full filling seeds, 1000

seed weight and yield were increased by 10,00 %, 12,50 %, 12.90 %, 12.90

% and 20.00 % respectively, while the hollow seeds decreased by 23,53 %. In

conclusion, the integrated farming are able to improve food production,

provide livestock feed, household energy fulfillment, and biogas sludge use

as organic manure and pesticide simultaneously.

Keywords : biogas, food and energy security, integrated farming



AGOR069

SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD RESOURCES BY ECO-

FARMING IMPLEMENTATION: THE ROLE OF

FARMERS‟ SOCIO ECONOMICS

Evi Frimawaty1, Adi Basukriadi

2, Jasmal A.Syamsu

3, & T.E.Budhi Soesilo

4

1Doctoral Student of Environmental Science Study Program, University of Indonesia,

Jakarta, Indonesia and staff of Jambi Province Government, Indonesia 2Faculty Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia

3Animal Husbandry Faculty, University of Hasanuddin 4Environmental Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, University of

Indonesia

Abstract

The agricultural sector in Indonesia is still the mainstay of the sector. It can be seen

from the role of agriculture to GDP in 2010 increased from 14.5% to 15.3% (BPS,

2011), besides to meet the food needs of more than 235 million people and will

continue to grow with growth rate is 1.49% per year (BPS, 2011). Agricultural

development is an effort to support food security, now face various challenges that

more serious and complex, especially environmental carrying capacity. This is

because the agricultural sector produces waste and pollution are high enough, high in

use of natural resources, especially for water and land as well as vulnerable to

climatic shocks. With the limited carrying capacity of the natural environment and the

climate change, the sustainable agricultural development is needed through

implementation of the eco-farming concept. Eco-farming is a form of agriculture that

seek wherever possible to achieve harmony with their environment by considering the

social, economic and ecological. According to Leahy (2011), transfer of agricultural

systems towards eco-farming is something that is urgent to end hunger and face the

challenges of climate change. According to Amin (2010), other constraints in

agricultural development efforts in rural on a households scale farmers is the problem

of socio-economics of farmers, where farmers generally have a narrow land

(subsistence), labor and fewer farmers generally have a fairly old age with the level

education is low, it will limited to technology usage. Various studies have explained

that the farmers' socio-economic variables affect the process of receiving an

agricultural innovation (Mafimisebi et al, 2006; Rahman, 2007; Rezvanfar, 2007;

Rezvanfar and Arabi 2009, Oladel and Rantseo, 2010) by using linear regression, the

dependent variable is the socio-economic attributes of farmers (gender, age,

experience, education, family size, income). Therefore needs to be done in-depth

review of the factors of socio economics of the farmer. This paper is a review of the

role of farmers’ socio-economic towards applying eco farming.

Keywords: eco-farming, food resources, farmer socio economy, sustainability


AGOR070*

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON

MALAYSIAN RUBBER PRODUCTION: A RICARDIAN

APPROACH

1P. Borkotoky,

2I. AbdLatif,

3Z.A. Mohamed,

4M.N.Shamsudin

Department of agribusiness and information systems

Faculty of agriculture

University putra malaysia

Abstract

This study measures the climate change impacts on Malaysian rubber

production using the Ricardian model. This model analyses the

changes in net revenue per hectare of rubber as a consequent of the

impacts of climate change. Although the temperature variation

analyzed was limited to 30 years, it did confirm the adverse impacts of

climate change on rubber production. The study utilizes the time

series data for the period of 1980 to 2010 for rubber production,

climate variables and other control variables. In increase in June

temperature showed negative impacts where as a similar increase in

November temperature showed positive impact on net revenue of

rubber. From the two rubber growing seasons, dry season

temperature increase was found to be beneficial where as wet season

higher temperatures will be harmful. The trend for precipitation in

both dry and wet seasons is U-shaped which indicated that the rise in

rainfall will be harmful in both the seasons. Moreover the change in

net revenue per hectare was also calculated for the warming scenario

of IPCC i.e. 2 °C rise in mean temperature and 7% increase in

rainfall levels. Results indicate that the net revenue of rubber in the

dry and wet season will increase by about 7% as a result of the rise in

temperature. However, an increase in rainfall will lead to a decrease

in net revenue by 6 % and 41 % in the dry and wet season

respectively.

Keywords: Climate change, Rubber, Ricardian model


AGOR071

OPTIMIZATION FORMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL

BEVERAGES BASED ON MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE

(MCT) AND VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)

Luna1, P, S. Usmiati

2& A.N. Alamsyah

2

1Graduate student Food Science-Bogor Agricultural University,

Bogor 16610, Indonesia 2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research

Development (ICAPRD), Bogor 16114, Indonesia

Abstract

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) were known as functional food oil which

was rich of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA). VCO contains

medium chain triglycerides (MCT/Medium Chain Triglycerides), and

contain about 50% lauric acid which is an essential fatty acid in

building and maintaining immune system. The aim of this study was to

formulate new functional beverage based on Medium Chain

Triglyceride (MCT) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Microemulsion in

this study was processed based on Florin Vlad method. The best

formula functional beverage was microemulsion from MCT oil, with

inggredients water 33%, solvent 15%, surfactant 11.6%, MCT 40%,

and CMC 0.4%. MCT functional beverage had characteristics

stability tend to decreased at high temperature and viscosity tend to

increase during storage. Acid value and peroxide value on products

tend to increase especially at storage temperatures of 30 and 37.5 °C.

Homogenization using speed of 8000 rpm for 10 minutes droplet size

ranged from 4.0 to 12.1 μm.

Keywords: Virgin Coconut Oil, Medium Chain Triglyceride, Physical

characteristics


AGOR072

INSTABILITY IN SELECTED MALAYSIAN CROP

PRODUCTION IN REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL

AGRICULTURAL POLICIES

1P. Borkotoky,

2I. AbdLatif,

3Z.A. Mohamed,

4M.N.Shamsudin

Department of Agribusiness and Information System

Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Abstract

Instability in crop production has raised a concern in the Malaysian

agriculture sector on which 15% of the population depends as their

income for livelihood. Instability mainly influences farm income and

production of crops. To understand the instability this study examined

four major crops of Malaysian agriculture from 1984 -1997 and 1998

– 2008. This period includes the National Agricultural policies of

Malaysia. The results show growth of production in oil palm, and rice

was from area increase and yield increase respectively and drastic

decrease in rubber and cocoa production due to less area acreage.

The study identified the major factors for instability in crop

production, and recommended that policy makers address instability

by looking into the proper area distribution among crops and to

improve the yield of crops by introducing new varieties and

technologies.

Keywords: Instability, Agricultural policy, Malaysia


AGOR073*

QUALITY CHANGES OF MANGO DURING EXPORT

DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING BY AIR LINE

(TRIAL EXPORT CASE STUDY OF MANGO CV

GEDONG TO HONG KONG)

Ira Mulyawanti dan Ridwan Rachmat

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and

Development

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Cimanggu Bogor


Abstract

Trading price condition of mangoes during peak season is less

profitable for farmers because of mango fruit substituted with another

so that when the mango season, the price in domestic market is low.

Thus the necessary efforts to increase marketing through export. Trial

was done by applying fresh handling technology for mangoes. The

technology includes sorting, grading, waxing (wax 6%, 500 ppm

benomyl, and lustres agent 0,125%), the use of foam net, packaging

using cardboard boxes, and export through the air. Trial was

performed to find out the condition during transportation and also to

know the quality of mangoes stock with and without waxing treatment

to its characteristics during distribution and marketing export by air

routes to Hong Kong. The trial result showed that there was a fairly

high temperature fluctuations during transportation of mangoes

export. Its also showed that waxing can reduce damage of mangoes in

microbiology, but physically could cause injury to the skin of

mangoes.

Key words: mango, export, waxing, postharvest



AGOR074*

CONTRIBUTION OF NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT ON

IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY

Tuti Herawati*, Tati Rostiwati

**, Rachman Effendy

***

*Centre for Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development -FORDA,

Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor Indonesia, PO Box 331 Fax/Phone : +62 251

752005,

email: [email protected] **Centre for Forest Productivity Research and Development-FORDA

Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor-Indonesia, email :[email protected] ***Centre for Climate Change and Policy - FORDA, Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor

Indonesia

email : rch_effendi@yahoo,com3

Abstract

This paper was intended to study contribution of forestry sector especially

non timber forest product to support food security in Indonesia. The study

was conducted by review of the various NTFP as food resources and its

utilization for supporting food security. Food security is considered not stable

Indonesia due to high levels of poverty, dependence on staple food rice, and

the proportion of imports of some types of food.

Therefore, it is essential for Indonesia to put the stabilization of food security

as one of the most important agenda. Ministry of Forestry is one of

institution that was related to food security policy. Linking forestry sector to

national food security is through the utilization of forest resources especially

Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP). Indonesia forest is rich in NTFP food

resources. The various sources of NTFP food resources are : group of tubers

(such as taro), starchy (like sago), mushrooms, vegetables (such as leaves

melinjo), fruits (such as breadfruit, cempedak, durian); grains and nuts; and

animal protein sources such as bush meat seafood, fish, pheasant,

cassowaries, birds, deer, wild boar, squirrels, etc. In addition, there are a lot

of honey bee products used for food and health. Utilization is done through

breeding, cultivation and harvesting. Thereby, the contributions of the NTFP

in national food security has long been carried out through optimize the

utilization of forest resources. Agroforestry activities, silvofishery and

silvopastura, became a major alternative in improving the contribution of the

forestry sector in the provision of food.

Keywords: Non Timber Forest product, food security, contribution, utilization


AGOR079

EXTRACELLULAR GLUTATHIONE LEVELS DID NOT

AFFECT STOMATAL APERTURE IN GUARD CELLS

OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA

1,2Md Sarwar Jahan,

1Mohd Khairi B Che Lah,

1Syed Syazwan Bin

Syed Kamarulzaman 1Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. 2 Corresponding author: Md. Sarwar Jahan

Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan

Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Gong Badak, Kuala

Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Tel: ++6-09-666-0241; Fax: ++6-09-665-0244


Abstract

Glutathione (GSH), is a thiol-containing tripeptide, maintains redox

homeostasis in plants under normal and stressful conditions. In order

to justify whether extracellular GSH contents affect stomatal aperture,

we investigated stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis

thaliana. Application of monochlorobimane (MCB) and cell-

impermeable glutathione (GSH) did not affect stomatal aperture in

guard cells of Arabidopsis. Dark induced stomatal closure and light

induced stomatal opening but pre-treatment of MCB and GSH did not

affect dark-induced stomatal closure and light-induced stomatal

opening. In addition, pre-treatment of GSH did not affect abscisic

acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Treatment of Ca and H2O2

enhanced stomatal closure in both wild type plants and ch1-1 mutant

plants but did not affect GSH contents in guard cells. In addition, pre-

treatment of GSH did not affect Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal

closure. Taken together these results suggest that extracellular GSH

might not affect stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis.

Keywords: glutathione, arabidopsis thaliana, guard cells, stomatal aperture,

abscisic acid



AGOR081*

INFLUENCE OF PROTEOLITYC ENZYME TO COW

MILK DADIH CHARACTERISTIC : A PRELIMINARY

STUDY

1Miskiyah and

2Sri Usmiati


Development (ICAPRD),

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12 Bogor 16114, Indonesia

Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Dadih is traditional food from West Sumatra that made by enter

buffalo fresh milk into bamboo, fermented at room temperature during

1 till 2 day. Limitation of buffalo milk production is replaced with

other raw material that is cow milk. Nevertheless difference of

physical and chemistry characteristic from curd produced existed, so

must conducted modification of cow milk dadih processing by food

additive. Research aimed was to obtain food additive that can produce

cow milk dadih with good characteristic. Research covers 2 activities,

that is : 1). determination of cow milk concentration for dadih

processing; and 2). Determination of proteolityc enzyme. Result

shows that treatment of milk evaporation till 50% (v/v) produce dadih

with good characteristic. Enzyme of papain 100 ppms, 2 ppms of

renin, and 0,5 ppms of Mucor sp crude extract can produce good

dadih characteristic.

Keywords : proteolityc enzyme, cow milk dadih



AGOR082*

COMMUNICATING AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION

FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMER‟S PRACTICE CHANGE:

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT

APPROACHES IN RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT

(RfD) PROJECTS IN EASTERN INDONESIA

1Nurul Hilmiati and

2Elske van de Fliert

Center of communication for social change, University of

Queensland, Australia

Abstract

The transfer of technology (ToT) model has been used in Indonesian

agricultural RfD projects as strategy to communicate innovations into

wide implementation. Innovations are handed over from national

research centers into provincial RfD organizations to be adapted and

disseminated. Unfortunately, results of those adaptive RfD projects

are still unsatisfying with low impacts on farmers livelihood while

farmers often return into their previous behavior once the projects

finished (ACIAR report, 2008). There is a growing concern over the

effectiveness of ToT model as communication strategy of agricultural

innovations for farmers practice change and livelihood improvement.

This paper aims to compare two different approaches and processes

in agricultural R4D projects and their consequent outcomes and

impacts. A study was conducted from 2009 to2010 towards two R4D

projects in West and East Nusa Tenggara province using case study

methodology from constructivist perspective. Qualitative data were

collected using participatory techniques of focus group discussion,

direct observation and in-depth interview. The study exhibited that

more intensive stakeholder engagement in planning stage and during

all project processes added by two-way communication environment

provide more ownership and commitment over processes leading to

more suitable outputs and self-motivated practice change hence more

sustainable impacts on farmer‘s livelihood.

Key words: participatory communication, community based situation analysis,

participatory processes.


AGOR083

ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF MONOGLYCERIDE

THROUGH ESTERIFICATION SYSTEM

Luna1, P, N. Andarwulan

2& T.Haryati

3

1Graduate student Food Science-Bogor Agricultural University,

Bogor 16610, Indonesia 2Lecture Food Science and Tecnology Department-Bogor Agricultural

University,

Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Researcher PT MAKIN, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Abstract

Coconut and palm kernel oils were recognized as health oils in

Ayurvedic Medicine. Modern research has found a common link

between these two natural health products their fat or lipid content.

Medium chain fatty acids and monoglycerides found primarily in

these two tropical oils and mothers milk had functional effects. The

aim of this research was to develop esterification system for the

enzymatic production of monoglyceride (MG). Novozyme® 435 was

employed as catalyst in esterification system. This research was using

Central Composite Design from Response Surface Methods (RSM) as

experimental design. Temperature and time of reaction were as

variables. Semi continuous circulated packed bed reactor had

residence time of 23.57 minute, glycerol/ oil molar ratio of 5:1,

solvent/substrat ratio of 8.8:1 (wt/wt), and the process produced MG

up to 80%. Optimization was obtained quadratic equation which was

Y= - 61.700 + 6.088 x1+3.259 x2 – 0.065 x12 + 0.017 x1x2 – 1.792 x2

2

with R2 = 0.5408. The optimum temperature and time reaction of

46.92oC and 1.1 hour, respectively and predictive value for MG

content was 82,96%.

Keywords: monoglyceride, Candida antartica lipase, esterification system, organic

solvent, optimization


AGOR084*

LOCAL BANGKA OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION TO

FOOD TENACITY (NASI ARUK) IN BANGKA ISLAND

Tri Lestari

Jurusan Agroteknologi-FPPB, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Bangka

Belitung

Jl. Raya Desa Balun Ijuk Kecamatan Merawang Kabupaten Bangka

Prop.Kep.Babel.

Hp. 08158159849, email: [email protected]

Abstract

Bangka Belitung Province through is superior agricultural sector has

contributed about 20% to the regional income. Cassava production of

province reached 23,332 tons in 2009. This condition is still low

when it is compared with the national average productivity. Yellow-

red Podsolic lands found in Bangka Island with acid characteristic.

The purpose of this research is to know the produktivity of the ten

genotypes of local Bangka cassava in yellow-red podsolic for food

tenacity. The research was conducted by using randomized design

(10x3). Ten genotype of local Bangka cassava Mentega, Bayel,

Upang, Sekula, Sutra, Rakit, Batin, Selangor, Kuning and Pulut. The

result showed that the ten genotype cassava can production in Yellow-

red Podsolic lands. Sutera has producty in Yellow-red Podsolic lands

is 2,96 kg/tan. In the organoleptic test, the steamed cassava indicated

the type of kuning liking taste that got second point from the

respondents to diversication the local food tenacity of Bangka island

with mocaff (nasi aruk).

Keywords: Cassava accession of Bangka island, organoleptic, Food tenacity (nasi

aruk)



AGOR085

EVALUATION OF EXTENSION WORKERS‟ ATTITUDE

TOWARD INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN

INDONESIA

1,2Putra, R. A. R. S,

1J. Udomsade, and

1S. Niyamangkoon

1International Graduate Program in Development Communication,

Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Faculty of

Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahon Yothin Road,

Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Department of Social Economics, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah

Mada University, Jl. Fauna 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281,

Indonesia

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the access of information channels and

attitude of extension workers toward Integrated Farming System

(IFS). This study used a survey design. Data were collected from 184

extension workers Sleman and Bantul districts, in Yogyakarta

Province. F- test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, were

employed to test hypothesis. Results revealed that extension workers

accessed agricultural magazine rather than newspaper, journal of

agricultural research and internet to gain information toward IFS. It

was found that extension workers‘ attitude towards IFS was at high

level. Hypotheses testing indicated that extension workers‘ attitude

toward IFS by accessing journal of agricultural research was

significantly different from which by accessing newspaper,

agricultural magazine, and internet.

Keywords: Attitude, Access of Information Channels, Extension workers,

Integrated Farming System



AGOR086

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon

esculentum L.) TO BORON FERTILIZERS UNDER THE

VARİED SOİL LİME CONTENT*

1M.Rüştü Karaman

**,

2Sezer Şahin,

3Naif Geboloğlu,

4Metin Turan,

5Murat Sadıkoğlu

**Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil

Science

and Plant Nutrition, Tokat, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

While boron (B) is essential for yield and quality, relatively small amounts of

B are required to support the process of plant growth. Thus, varied solubility

of different B sources has a great importance in order to avoid potential

toxicity or deficiency of B to agricultural crops. In the present study, different

B sources as boron fertilizers were tested for tomato plants to correct

potential B deficiency or minimize the risk of B toxicity under the varied soil

lime content which consist of most of the agricultural area in Turkey. For

this aim, a pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized

design using the seven different soils containing varied levels of calcium

carbonate. Tomato variety of Sedir (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was used

for the present study. Five B sources, ground colemanite

(2CaO.3B2O3.5H2O), borax decahidrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O), borax

pentahidrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O), sodium metaborate tetrahidrate

(NaBO2.4H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), were applied at the rate of 1.5 kg B ha-1

to the experimental soils. In addition, a basal dressing of some macro and

micro nutrients were applied to all pots for normal plant growth. The plants

were harvested after eight weeks. Dry matter yield was recorded, and total B

and nitrogen concentrations in the top of plants were determined. According

to the results of experiment, dry weights were significantly affected by

application of B fertilizer as an average of B sources. The results clearly

showed that tomato plants differently responded to the B sources having

different solubility under the varied soil conditions. Boron and nitrogen

nutrition of tomato plant was also significantly influenced by B sources under

the varied soil conditions.

Keywords : This research work was funded by National Boron Research Institute,

BOREN-2011/Ç0279


AGOR087

REMEDIATING THE DEGRADED LAND DUE TO

MINING OF PUMICE STONE IN THE NORTHERN

PART OF LOMBOK ISLAND BY APPLYING SILICATE

ROCK-ORGANIC FERTILIZER

1Priyono

*, J.,

2C. K. Rahardjo

* &

3A. A. Rahmianna

**

*Center for Research and Development of Tropical Dryland,

University of Mataram

Jalan Pendidikan 37 Mataram 831250 NTB, Indonesia. **

Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute

Jalan Raya Kendalpayak Km 8 Malang 65101- East Java, Indonesia.

Abstract

The research was aimed to identify effects of the application of a

remediating agent which was a mixture of ground basaltic-silicate

rock powder with manure, termed as silicate rock-organic fertilizer

(SROF), on soil quality of the degraded land due to mining of pumice

stone in the northern part of Lombok Island. The degraded land was

physiographically fixed, manually cultivated, and terraced

accordingly to the land sloping. A completely randomized block

design was applied with a treatment of 5 application rates of the

remediating agent (0 – 10 t.ha-). A week after application of the

remediating agent, corn (var. BISI 2) was grown on the land. Soil

organism-respiration rate was measured at 45 and 90 days after

planting, and several soil chemical properties were identified after

crop harvesting. Results indicated that application of the remediating

agent (SROF) significantly increased soil organism activity, soil

cation exchange capacity, growth and yield of corn. It was concluded

that the mixture of basaltic-silicate rock powder and manure may be

used as an effective remediating agent to rebuild the physically,

chemically as well as biologically degraded land due to mining.

Keywords: ameliorant, silicate rock, degraded land, remediation, pumice stone


AGOR088*

PERFORMANCE OF DUAL FLOW GRASS FILTERS

INTEGRATED WITH GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

SYSTEM FOR STORMWATER TREATMENT A

LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY

Manoj P. Samuel1*, S. Senthilvel2 and A.C. Mathew3

1Senior Scientist, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani, Meghalaya, India- 793

103, e-mail: [email protected], Phone: 91 9436706579, Fax: 91 364 2570213

2 Professor, department of Soil and Water Conservation, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India- 641 003

3Senior Scientist, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR), Kasaragod, Kerala- 671

124 *Corresponding author

Abstract

A dual flow multimedia stormwater filter integrated with a groundwater recharge

systemwas developed and tested for hydraulic efficiency and pollutant removal

efficiency. The influent stormwater first flows horizontally through the circular layers

of planted grass and bio-fibres. Subsequently the flow direction changes into vertical

direction so that water moves through layers of pebbles and sand and finally it gets

recharged to the deep aquifers. The media in the sequence of Vegetative medium: Bio-

fibre- Pebble: Sand were filled in 9 proportions and tested for the best performing

combination. Three grass species, viz., Typha (Typhaangustifolia), Vetiver

(Chrysopogonzizanioides) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrumsecundatum) were

tested as the best performing vegetative medium.The adsorption behaviour of Coconut

(Cocosnucifera) fibre, which was filled in the middle layer, was found out by a series

of column and batch studies and corresponding isotherms were developed. The dual

flow filter showed an increasing trend in hydraulic efficiency with increase in flow

rate. The chemical removal efficiency of recharge dual flow filter was found very high

in case of K+ (81.6 %) and Na (77.55%). The pH normalizing efficiency and EC

reduction efficiency were also recorded high. The average removal percentage of

Ca2+ was moderate, while that of Mg2+ was very low. Iron concentration was found

increasing after filtration.A new terminology, UPI (Universal Performance Index),

which represents the weighted average of the hydraulic efficiency and quality

improving efficiencies, giving extra weightage to the latter, has been introduced. UPI

values of each filter combinations were determined and subjected to the analysis of

variance. In case of vegetative media, typha plant performed well followed by vetiver

and St. Augustine grass. As far as filter proportions are concerned, the ratio 1:1-1:2

(plant: fibre- pebble: sand) showed much superior performance compared to all other

proportions.Based on the estimated annual costs and returns, all the financial

viability criteria (IRR, NPV and BCR) were found favourable and affordable to

farmers for investment on developed filtration system.

Keywords: Stormwater filter, groundwater recharge, vegetative media, bio-fibre,water quality

parameters, hydraulic efficiency, pollutant removal, economic analysis


http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__vetiver


AGOR089

OPTIMIZATION OF GELATIN EXTRACTION

PARAMETERS FROM COBIA (Rachycentron canadum)

SKIN

1M.A Amiza, 2N. Ibrahim, 3N.J. Mohamad & 4W. M. Wan Maizatul

Shima

Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food

Sciences, University Malaysia

Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.

*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study reported the optimization of gelatin extraction from cobia

(Rachycentron canadum) skin. The effect of four independent

variables which were acetic acid concentration, skin to water ratio,

extraction temperature and extraction time on gelatin yield and gel

strength were determined using Response Surface Methodology

(RSM). The generated models gave a linear fit for gelatin yield and a

quadratic fit for gel strength. The optimum conditions for gelatin

extraction from cobia skin were 0.15mol/L for acetic acid

concentration, 82.4oC of extraction temperature, 6 h of extraction

time and 1:6 of skin to water ratio. The predicted responses (20.59%

yield and 226.86g gel strength) closely matched the experimental

yield of 20.10% and gel strength of 205.6g. RSM could be used to

predict cobia gelatin extraction.

Keywords : fish skin, gelatin, cobia, Response Surface Methodology



AGOR091

EARLY INVESTIGATION ON ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

TESTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI, SALMONELLA SP. AND LISTERIA

SP. ISOLATED FROM „SATAR‟ IN MARANG, TERENGGANU

2Lani

*, M.N.,

1Nurul Atiqah Ramli

*,

3Roshita Ibrahim

**,

4Rozila Alias

*** &

5Zaiton Hassan

****

*Department of Food Science,

**Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of

Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. ***

Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A,

Seksyen 7, 40000

Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia ****

Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of

Malaysia, 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract

‗Satar‘ is a popular ready-to-eat (RTE) food in the East Coast of Peninsular

Malaysia. ‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices,

wrapped in banana leaves, put into skewers and grilled over a flaming

charcoal fire. Until now, there is no study has been addressed on the

antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. The

present study was carried out to isolate the presence of selected foodborne

pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Listeria sp. and Escherichia coli) in

‗Satar‘ and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiotics are used widely to

treat infectious diseases of both humans and animals caused by pathogenic

microorganisms and the resistance of these pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics

may reduce the efficiency of antibiotic treatment to kill these

microorganisms. Therefore, early investigations on antibiotic susceptibility

tests on selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria were studied on their

susceptibility to selected antibiotics: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and

chloramphenicol. Results showed that all isolates of these target organisms

were resistant to ampicillin, but not resistant to gentamicin and

chloramphenicol. However, E. coli and Salmonella isolates were resistant to

vancomycin. This is the first study indicated the presence of antibiotic

resistant of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. Further study will be

carried out to determine the susceptibility of other antibiotics in these

foodborne pathogenic bacteria isolated from different locality of ‗Satar‘

premises.

Keywords: ‘Satar’, antibiotic susceptibility, Listeria, Salmonella, E. coli


AGOR092*

THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTHARVEST FIELD TECHNOLOGY

FOR FRESH EXPORTABLE VEGETABLES PRODUCED IN

INDONESIA

Nurpilihan Bafdal1; Carmencita Cahyadi; Seok- In- Hong; Dongman Kim;

Sumanti Moody and Totok Pujianto

Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology of The Padjadjaran University

1) E-mail: [email protected], Mobile Phone: 0816614823 Fax :

(022) 2508112

Abstract

In Indonesia fresh handling of vegetables is stiil carried out by traditional

methods, without hardly any sorting or grading prior to marketing.

Therefore, post-harvest loss reduction of vegetables, both quantity and

quality loss must begin at the farm level. Although quality of fresh produce

can not be improved postharvest handling, however it is necessary for

extending shelf-life. The development of quantity and quality of production in

order to obtain high added value, require the application of post-harvest

technology. The objective of this research is to assess of appropriate post-

harvest technology of broccoli and cabbage at farm level and to develop of

quantity and quality of production in order to obtain high added value. The

experiment was carried out at the Food Process Engineering and the Post-

Harvest Technology Laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture Industrial

Technology of the Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from December

2006 up to January 2007. A descriptive experiment method and regression

analyses consisting of 2 variables (dependent and independent) were

employed. Results show that: Broccoli: 1). Regression curve for treatment

show that after 15 days storage the sensory score of the broccoli sample

was still excellent. 2). The ambient temperature weight was highest in

treatment without packaging. 3). The low temperature storage is more

important in preserving color of curd than packaging; yellowing it self

related to ethylene production by broccoli. Cabbage: 1 : The sensory score

standard and description of score for cabbage stored at ambient temperature

27oC for 28 days. 2). Weight loss of samples stored at ambient temperature

27oC were higher than those in cold storage 5oC, respectively 10-12%

weight loss as compaimred to 3-6%. Difference among packaging treatments

were relatively small. Conclusion: 1. Low storage in broccoli is more

important than type of packaging. 2). LPDE bag was best for cold storage of

broccoli curds. 3). Low temperature storage gave not good for head surface

color. 4). LPDE bag was not suitable for cabbage storage.



AGOR093

THE ABILITIES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM

TOMATO ROOTS IN SUPPRESSING ROOT KNOT

NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) IN TOMATO

1Noor Istifadah

*,

2Nurholis

** and

3Toto Sunarto

*

*Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor-Ujung Berung,

Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, 6222 7798652

([email protected]) **

Alumbus of Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of

Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that inhabit the internal plant

tissues without causing any apparent disease. The endophytic fungi

may have beneficial effects on the host through their abilities in

suppressing plant diseases. This paper discusses the abilities of

endophytic fungi isolated from tomato roots in suppressing root knot

disease intensity and population of Meloydogyne spp.. The endophytes

were isolated from roots of tomato obtained from several areas in

West Java (Jatinangor, Sumedang and Lembang, West Bandung).

Concerning that some latent pathogens might be isolated as

endophytes, the isolates were examined for their pathogenecity to

tomato seedlings. The non pathogenic isolates were examined for

their suppressive effects on Meloidogyne spp. in tomato. The resuts

showed that from 7 isolates tested, 6 isolates reduced the numbers of

galls by 50.1 - 69.2 %. All endophytic fungal isolates suppressed the

population of second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne spp. in the soils

by 55.3 – 76.9 %. Three isolates which were CL1 (Chaetomium sp.),

FL3 (Fusarium sp.) and FL4 (Fusarium sp.) increased the growth of

treated tomato.

Keywords: endophytic fungi, tomato, Meloidogyne, root knot disease


AGOR099

OPTIMIZATION OF FISH GELATIN EXTRACTION

FROM STARRY TRIGGERFISH (Abalistes stellaris) SKIN

Amiza Mat Amin & Nur Hidayah Alias

Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food

Sciences,

University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu.

Abstract

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to establish the

optimum condition in gelatin extraction process from starry

triggerfish skin. In this study, 30 experiments were performed using a

four factor, 3-levels Central Composite Design (CCD). In this study,

a combination of both alkali and acid pre-treatment were applied.

Gelatin extraction was carried out using hot-water extraction. The

effects of four variables which were NaOH concentraction (X1, M)

and acetic acid concentration (X2, M) during pre-treatment, and

extraction temperature (X3,˚C) and time during (X4, min) extraction

with three levels for each were studied in order to obtain the

maximum gelatin yield and gel strength. RSM analysis suggested that

the maximum gelatin yield and gel strength could be obtained at a 0.1

M NaOH and 0.05 M acetic acid, temperature of 67.82˚C and

extraction time of 120 minutes. Gelatin yield could be predicted using

quadratic model, while gel strength could be predicted using linear

model. The experimental value for gelatin was 8.09 % and 252.73g

for gel strength, while the predicted value was 7.48 % and 252.77 g

for gelatin yield and gel strength respectively. This study shows that

RSM could be used to predict gelatin extraction from starry

triggerfish.

Keywords : fish skin, gelatin, Starry Triggerfish, Response Surface Methodology


AGOR100

CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF

COOPERATIVE‟S VALUES WITH THE SUSTAINABLE

BUSINESS OF DAIRY FARMER

Lilis Nurlina

Lab Sociology and Extension of Animal Husbandry, Universitas

Padjadjaran 45363 Sumedang

Abstract

The research was conducted in Bandung Regency West Java

Propince. The objectives of research were to examine : (1) the

implementation of cooperative values on dairy farmer‘s cooperative;

(2) the sustainable business of cooperative member; (3) correlation

between the implementation of cooperative‘s value with business

sustainability of dairy farmer. This research was conducted by survey

verification. The sampling method of this research was held by

multistage cluster random sampling. The sample size for cooperative

were 4 and for respondent were amount 140 persons of dairy farmer

and 15 persons of key informan. The data was analyzed by using

correlation rank Spearman. Results of research showed that : (1) the

implementation of cooperative values was enough category ; (2) the

sustainable business of dairy farmer cooperative members was

enough category, if it seen from their capacity, equity and

sustainability; (3) the implementation of cooperative values has positif

correlation with business sustainability of cooperative member (rs =

0.535).

Keywords : Cooperative’s value, sustainable business, dairy farmer


AGOR104

LIVE WEIGHT CHANGES OF BALI CCATTLE AS

DRAFT ANIMAL UNDER THE INTEGRATION OF OIL

PALM-CATTLE SYSTEM IN BENGKULU

1Dwatmadji

* &

2T. Suteky

**

*Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia,

**

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia,

Abstract

The importance of Bali cattle rearing under the oil palm plantation

has multi-purpose functions. These include as for weeding control,

saving labor costs, providing manure compost, cutting down fertilizer

cost, calf life saving, and as working animal for transporting Fresh

Fruit Bunch (FFB) of the oil palm. When the Bali cattle was used as

working animal, the severity of draft load could severely affect the live

weight through decreasing feeding time and rumination. The aim of

this research was to evaluate the effect of work on live weight of Bali

cattle under the integration of oil palm-cattle system in Bengkulu.

Mature (2.4 years old) Bali cattle (20 cows and 20 bulls) with the

body condition score of 7 (range 0-10) were randomly assigned to two

groups of working and control group. Working group start working by

pulling cart from home to the plantation, pulling cart with FFB from

plantation to collection site, and from plantation back to home.

Animal graze native pasture under oil palm plantation during working

days and housed after work. Parameters measured were body weight,

hearth girth, withers height and body length. All data were analyzed

using analysis of variance using one way design and the Duncan

Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to examine the significant

differences between mean values. The result of the research showed

that there is no significant effect (P>0.05) of work on live weight and

there is no significantly differences of live weight (P>0.05) was found

between female and male Bali cattle. Our findings also showed that

working cattle had no significant effect (P>0.05) on hearth girth,

withers height and body length.

Keywords: Bali cattle, working animal, oil palm, liveweight, integration


AGOR105

PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP AND GOAT WITH

ROTATIONAL GRAZING UNDER OIL PALM PLANTATION

BASED ON ANIMAL UNIT EQUIVALENT (AUE)

1Tatik Suteky

1 &

2Dwatmadji

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Bengkulu, Indonesia

[email protected]

Phone 0736 21170 ex 219

Fax 0736 22105

Abstract

The integration between livestock and oil palm plantation would play an

important role for national meat self sufficiency and strengthening food

security through optimization of decreasing land availability for livestock. It

was estimated that more than 50% of oil palm plantation was owned by small

farmer which was mostly prefer to keep sheep or goats rather than cattle.

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of AUE (Animal

Unit Equivalent) on performance of sheep or goats reared on rotational

grazing under oil palm plantation. Total of 16 animals (8 sheep and 8 goats)

were used in this experiment. Eight sheep were kept for two treatment of 1

AUE and 0.75 AUE, while the other eight goats were also kept for two

similar treatments of 1 AUE and 0.75 AUE. Based on initial liveweight of the

animals, two size of paddock (1 AUE and 0.75 AUE) were established to

accomodate treatment of rotational grazing comprising 4 sub-paddock

grazed over 4 week-cycle from 08.00-16.00. The animals were housed at

night; all animals were routinely feed with concentrate (1% of body weight)

after being pastured under oil palm plantation. Parameters observed were

body weight, ADG, body size (hearth girth, withers height and body length),

and were all measured weekly for 8 weeks. Result indicated that AUE had

significant effect (P<0.05) on average daily gain (ADG) in which ADG of

goat was 26 gram day -1

(0.75 AUE) and 2.3 gram day -1

(1 AUE). Similar

result was also found in sheep, reaching 39.6 gram day-1

(0.75 AUE) and

26.2 gram day-1

(1 AUE). It was found that there was no significant

differences (P>0.05) on body size except height of withers within sheep. This

study point out that under oil palm integration the performance of sheep

showed better than those of goats.

Key words: sheep goat performance oil-palm rotational grazing


AGOR106*

THE ROLE OF Azotobacter vinelandii04 TO INCREASE THE

HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION ON THE

BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS OF PETROLEUM WASTE

!Pujawati Suryatmana *, 2Mieke R. Setiawati*, 3Betty N Fitriatin *

4Qomarudin Helmy **, 5Edwan Kardena **and 6Wisjnuprapto**

*Laboratory of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture of

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia . **Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental

Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia.


Abstract

In the processing of petroleum waste is needed a long time, the main problem

frequently encountered. Petroleum is a complex material and has a low degree of

solubility and is highly toxic, therefore is needed a sofisticated technology which can

solve the problem. One of the most interesting Rhizobacteria is the species of

Azotobacter. This species has generally been used for biofertilizers. But in this

research, A bacterial strain of Azotobacter vinelandii-04 has been proved in ability to

produce biosurfactant. The biosurfactant produced by Azotobacter vinelandii-04 is a

group of fatty acid and exopolysaccha-rides compounds may increase the dispersion

and solubility of oil. The study focused on the role of Azotobacter vinelandii-04 to

increase the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Enterobacter sp.

and Pseudomonas sp. It was proved that with addition of Azotobacter vinelandii-04

could enhance the rate of biodegradation efficiency in removing petroleum

hydrocarbon. The maximum rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in

cultured Enterobacter sp.,and Pseudomonas sp to be 0.1812 and 0.2884 day(-)

respectively. While the petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency increased

respectively by 26.00 % and 21.83 % in the culture with the addition of Azotobacter

vinelandii-04. The results of investigation showed that extracellular compounds of

A.vinelandii-04 contribute to serve as a biosurfactant was able to increase the

solubility of petroleum hydrocarbons to form micell oil, so that the petroleum

hydrocarbon can be immediately more available, then it was degraded faster than

without A.vinelandii-04. The A.vinelandii04 culture was also able to increase the rate

of growth of Enterobacter sp during the biodegradation process takes place

Keywords: Azotobacter vinelandii-04, Biosurfactant, Biodegradation of

hydrocarbons, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.



AGOR107

THE POTENTIAL OF Trichoderma ISOLATED FROM

COCOA TO CONTROL BLACK POD DISEASES ON

COCOA POD

1Sriwati

*, R.,

2Marlina

*,

3Mufakir

**

*Agro technology department, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University

**Lab. Plant and disease-Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract

Black pod disease cause by Phytophthora palmivora is one of the

important diseases limiting cacao yields in Aceh. Research on

biological control of black pod disease has been conducted in Aceh on

cacao pods. Research on molecular systematics of Trichoderma

isolates from Aceh had been done at Systematic Mycology and

Microbiology Lab, USDA-ARS Beltsville, MD, under the WCF-Aceh

Cacao Fellowship program. Molecular characterization of

Trichoderma isolates from Aceh identified three species of

Trichoderma: T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. longibrachiatum. The

potential effect of T. virens on controlling black pod disease compared

with T. harzianum have been evaluated on cocoa pod in Aceh. The

results of this study indicate that T. virens significantly affect the

incubation period and the diameter of the Phytopthora palmivora in

cocoa pods. Re isolation of fungi from fruit tissue which had been

grown on PDA medium showed that at day 8 was found fungus T.

harzianum and P. palmivora, whereas T. virens spend a lot of

enzymes and toxins. Althought T. harzianum is able to get into the

fruit tissue but T. virens more effective in controlling pathogens than

T. harzianum.

Keywords: Trichoderma, Phythopthora palmivora, Black Pod Diseases, Cocoa


AGOR108

THE CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF LOCAL

UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS TO BLAST DISEASE (Pyricularia

oryzae) RESISTANCE IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

1Muhammad Taufik

*,

2Teguh Wijayanto

*, dan

3Abdul Wahab

**

*Department of Agroteknologi, Agriculture Faculty of Haluoleo

University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia **

BPTP (Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology) Kendari,

Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia

Email; [email protected]

Hp. 062-0811409799

Abstract

Blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae is an important disease for upland

rice. Blast disease causes a significant loss for farmers. One of the control

methods is using resistant cultivar. This study aimed to characterise and

identify differences in the response of several Southeast Sulawesi upland rice

cultivars to blast disease (Pyrricularia oryzae) in Southeast Sulawesi. This

research was arranged in a randomized block design, with 6 local rice

cultivars (pae Endokadia, pae Kori, pae Balaka, pae Enggalaru, pae Loiyo,

pae Wulo), and one national variety Situpatenggang, with 4 (four)

replications.The results showed that the highest plant height was pae Bakala

cultivar, the highest number of plant per cluster was Situpatenggang variety,

the fastest flowering and harvesting time was Situpatenggang variety, the

highest average number of grains was found in pae Wulo, the highest number

of pithy grains was obtained in pae Enggalaru, and the heaviest of 1000 grain

was in pae Endokadia. Enggalaru and Endokadia cultivars had highest

production (1.73 ton per hectare and 1.24 ton per hectare), compared to the

others. The severity of blast disease on the local rice varieties was

catagorized as moderate resistant (5.78% - 11.05%) at vegetative phase and

as fairly resistant to moderately susceptible (14.47% - 27.38%) at generative

phase. Situpatenggang variety was considered to be moderate susceptible

(28.79%) at vegetative phase and susceptible (55.79%) at generative phase.

Keywordss : Blast disease, Pyricularia oryzae, up land rice, resistant



AGOR109

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF FOOD ALTERNATIVES FOR

RICE IN BANDUNG

Yosini Deliana

Padjadjaran University. Email : [email protected] **

Abstract

Now and later, important issue facing agro-food business will be the

increasing number of population in geometrically, while food

production grows in arithmetically. Moreover, it can bring the world

in 2020 into a food crisis. These conditions create demand for

alternative food (of rice) which can be organized continuously.

Responding them, the government of West Java creates public

movement of a day without rice by issuing government decree number

60 year 2010 on the Acceleration of Local Food Resources with

directives from presidential decree number 22 year 2009 on Food

diversification. The purpose of this study to determine the public

perception of alternatives to rice foods, alternative foods which are

most appreciated by the public and community expectations in

consuming food alternatives to rice. Methods in this study uses

primary data, the respondents were civil servants within the

provincial government of West Java have lunch without rice in West

Java event Expo Cooperative Fair 2011.The results show that

alternative food to rice such as cassava rice, corn rice, sorghum and

rive from hanjeli seed have no different response with regular rice.

The most preferred alternative food to rice is cassava rice since its

taste is more familiar and it looks like ordinary rice. People expect on

this program to have a good access to alternative food with cheap

price.

Keywords: Public perception, Rice, Food alternatives, Presidential decree No.22

/2009



AGOR112*

SOCIO-ECONOMICINTERFACES OF AFRICAN INDIGENOUS

VEGETABLES(AIV) IN A SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY AND

THEIMPLICATION FOR FOOD SECURITY IN WESTERN KENYA

1Langat B. K,

1Ngéno V.,

2Mugalavai V.

2Linnet S.G,

3Yaninek S.

1.Moi University, Kenya, 2. Chepkoilel University College, Kenya,

3.Purdue University, USA

P.O Box 9191, [email protected]

Abstract

African indigenous vegetables (AIV) play a crucial role in food nutrition and

general livelihoods for both rural and urban populations in Africa.The

vegetable production contributes substantially to household income and

general household subsistence. Erratic weather conditions coupled with land

pressure continues to inhibit the supply of the vegetables. Increasing

awareness of the nutritional and medicinal value of the indigenous

vegetables has also triggered unequalleddemand.The socio economic factors

influencing AIVs production among smallholder farmers were

investigated.Using a systematic random sampling, a total of 240 households

were interviewed using a questionnaire. Cross tabulations,Chi-Square and

Logistic regressionwere used to show the underlying relationships. The

results indicated that AIVs receives less attention compared to other crops in

terms of land allocation and general crop husbandry. Sucha (black night

shade) was found to be widely grown in the region among all the AIVs.

Majority of farmers use non-certified local market seeds. Organic fertilizers

were also mainly used as opposed to inorganic fertilizers. Gender, age and

level of education were found to have correlation with the AIVs production.

Challenges in production includedpests and diseases, access to extension

services and market for the vegetables and poor market prices. The principal

conclusion was that majority of farmers rely on farming as a source of

livelihood and that socio economic factors dramatically interact to influence

significantly the decision of farmers in production of the African indigenous

vegetables.It is recommended that to encourage increased production and

productivity of African indigenous vegetable, farmers should be integrated

properly in to the value chain to enable accessto both input and output

markets.

Keywords: African Indigenous Vegetables, Socio economic factors, Western Kenya



AGOR113

INDICATORS OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AT

THE REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY OF VIDARBHA

Prema Borkar

Anand Niketan College of Agriculture, Warora 442914, Maharashtra,

India

Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to measure the Sustainability of

Agriculture in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state and to identify the

factors responsible for sustainability. The sustainability is measured by

developing Sustainability Index of Nagpur district with the help of various

indicators of sustainability. The study was based on secondary data of area,

production, productivity, population, agricultural population, weather,

irrigation, area under high yielding varieties were collected from various

Government publications of Maharashtra. The data for computation of

indicators cost-benefit ratio for selected crops were adopted from the records

of Agricultural Prices Cell (APC), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi

Vidyapeeth, Akola. The data pertain to a period of 26 years i.e. from 1980-81

to 2005-06. The study was limited to the principal crops namely cotton,

kharif jowar, soybean, tur, gram and sunflower cultivated in Nagpur district

of Vidarbha. The result showed that the sustainability index developed

through principal component analysis was seen declining over the years. The

Sustainability index ranges from -0.308 to 0.350. Higher number of

sustainability index represents higher sustainability whereas, lower number

represents lower sustainability. This concludes that the Vidarbha agriculture

is tending towards un-sustainability. The study also found that the

productivities per hectare of cotton, tur, kharif jowar, sunflower and gram,

gap in gross returns in cotton, kharif jowar and gram, cost-benefit ratio of

cotton, kharif jowar and gram, parity index of kharif jowar and gram,

availability of land per farmer, ratio of irrigated land to irrigable land, per

capita production of foodgrains, ratio of agricultural population to total

population, area under high yielding varieties and rainfall were the

significant contributing variables for agricultural sustainability of the

Vidarbha region.

Keywords: Sustainability indicators, Principal Component Analysis, Sustainability

Index, Mann Whitney U Test)


AGOR114*

ZEA SMART: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING FOR

SOCIALIZATION P2KP (PERCEPATAN

PENGANEKARAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN)

MOVEMENT FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

1Suci Latifah

* ,

2Adhitya Wibawa Putra

** and

3Riska Ayu Purnamasari

***

*Undergraduate Student of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural

University **

Undergraduate Student of Biochemistry, Bogor Agricultural University ***

Undergraduate Student of Biochemistry, Bogor Agricultural University

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Food is one of basic human need; therefore fulfill the need for food is part of

the rights of individuals. Based on the Law No.7/1996 concerning in food,

government should provide enough quality and quantity of food for society.

Score quality of food consumption period of Indonesia's population 2005 -

2009 is still in fluctuations. This indicated a decline of PPH Scores 81.9 in

2008 to 75.7 in 2009. The analysis of the SUSENAS data in 2009 also

showed that food consumption patterns of Indonesian population until the

year 2008 there are still in gaps, because of high consumption of grains and

low-consumption of tubers, vegetables and fruits, and nuts. Data from the

Ministry of Agriculture stated that Indonesian people still in a high level of

national rice consumption. It is equal to 139 kg/cap/year; this is certainly

very worrying because the productive land in the form of rice was recorded

converted 110.000 ha a year. It's important to hold P2KP intensive

socialization to all parts, including elementary school children. According to

the draft P2KP guidelines which are also has a target to elementary school

children. So that, ZEA SMART program can be one good solution for the

socialization into the elementary school children. Most of elementary school

children easily in the form of the pattern of thought, but should be a fun way

for them so they can be more interested. ZEA SMART is a desktop computer

programming that can be installed in a P.C or computer. This program

teaches the student to understand about food diversification and its

application in food and their surround in fun way.

Keywords: Food, P2KP, Elementary school student, diversification



AGOR115

FARMERS ARE SACRIFICING THEIR HEALTH FOR

PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES

1Muktamar Z

*,2 S. Sudjatmiko

*,

3B. Toha

* and

4M. Asteria

**

*Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of agriculture, University

of Bengkulu, Indonesia **

Medicine Study Program, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia

Abstract

Long term negative effect of pesticides on vegetable farmers‘ health

has been studied in Bengkulu. Research was conducted to evaluate the

effect of pesticides on the farmers‘ health status in Kabupaten Rejang

Lebong, Bengkulu. The result will be used for developing regulation

on pesticides trade and usage by farmers in Bengkulu Province. One

hundred of active farmers had been chosen to evaluate their way on

handling pesticides in the field, and their health status based on what

their feeling, urine and blood test. The results showed that most of the

respondents knew how to handle of the pesticides at home. On the

other hand, application of pesticides in the field is rarely following the

common regulation. The farmers have been hardly exposed to

pesticides during application due to negligence to use protective

cloths, such as glasses, masker and gloves. In result based on their

health feeling more than 50% of the farmers, in combination, felt

tired, muscle cramps, dry throat, shortness of breath, headache, dizzy

and other problems digestive system. Clinical test has confirmed that

health problems such as heart and kidney deterioration were also

encountered among the farmers. These facts urge the local

government to provide regulation on pesticides trade and application.


AGOR116

EFFECT OF MULCH, CLAY AND ORGANIC MATTER

ON SOIL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

OF SANDY SOIL GROWTH WITH PHYSIC NUT

(Jatropha curcas L.)

Djajadi

Indonesia Research Institute for Tobacco and Fiber Crops

Jl. Raya Karangploso PO Box 199 Malang, Indonesia

Abstract

Sandy soil for media growth of physic nut in Situbondo, East Jawa has

low soil fertility. In this field study, the effect of addition of clay and

organic matter with or without mulch on soil properties of sandy soil

was identified from May up to November 2010. The treatments

consisted of (1) Sandy soil (as control), (2) Incorporation of sandy

soil with 10% clay and 1,6% organic matter, (3) Sandy soil covered

with mulch and incorporated with 10% clay and 1,6% organic matter.

Crotalaria juncea were used as a source of organic matter and mulch.

The results showed that incorporation of sandy soil with 10% clay and

1,6% organic matter and mulch increased soil chemical properties of

sandy soil which were expressed by increasing soil C-organic, N, P

and K contents by 46%, 18%, 73% dan 48%, respectively. The

treatmet also improved soil biological properties of sandy soil

indicated by more population of soil fungi and bacteria growth on the

media. As consequence of enhancing sandy soil properties, the

growth of physic nut was higher than that of physic nut planted on

sandy soil.

Keywords: sandy soil, clay, organic matter, mulch, physic nut, soil properties,

Jatropha curcas L.


AGOR118*

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MULCHES ON GROWTH AND

YIELD OF TOMATO PLANT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)

Nurul Aini, Abdur Rasyid R., Ellis Nihayati

Faculty of Agriculture, University Brawijaya

Abstract

Intensive cultivation tends to degrade soil quality in variety of ways.

Degradation of soil can involve decline in quality of soil structure,

loss of fertility, and erosion. As consequence, crops productivity tends

to reduce. Organic mulches have been reported as means to reduce

input and increase soil quality. The field experiment was conducted to

determine the effect of organic mulches of straw, husk, reed, Tithonia

diversifolia, and plastic (control) on growth and yield of tomato plant.

Research was design using Randomized Block Design with 4

replications. Results showed that application of straw mulch

increasing growth (plant hight, leaves area, total plant dry weight)

and yield of tomato compare to other mulch traetment, but doesn‘t

significance difference with plastic mulch. Yield of tomato was higher

57.89 % with fresh fruit weight 1.8 kg tan-1

by straw mulch treatment

than Tithonia diversifolia mulch. This research suggest that straw

maight be used to subsitute plastic as mulch.

Keywords: straw, husk, reed, Tithonia diversifolia, and polyethylene mulch,

tomato.


AGOR119*

THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF PACKAGING AND

STORAGE TIME ON QUALITY OF PATCHOULY OIL

1Sarifah Nurjanah,

2Sudaryanto Zain dan

3Anisa Kamila Amaliah

Abstract

Patchouli oil (Patchouly Oil) is one of the foreign exchange source

from the group of essential oils. Patchouli oil obtained by distillation

process dry leaves. One of the factors that cause decline in the quality

of patchouli oil is in appropriate storage condition. This study aimed

to investigate the effect of packaging types and storage time on the

quality of patchouli oil. The method used in this research was

descriptive analysis. Type of packaging used for storage were dark

glass bottled, clear glass bottles, dark-colored plastic bottles, clear

plastic bottles, and cans. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The

parameters measured were levels of Patchouly Alkohol (PA), color

changes, specific gravity, acid number, ester number, refractive index,

and solubility in 90% alcohol. All treatments during the storage

period showed the changes of both in terms of appearance (physical)

as well as in terms of chemistry. Research data showed that, the

quality of patchouli oil still fulfill the SNI 06-2385-2006 standard. In

conclusion, storage treatment using dark glass bottles (A) was the best

storage because the patchouli oil showed a fairly stable treatment in

maintaining its quality and the packaging using can was not

recommended because it caused of corrosion.


AGOR121

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY PART MEASUREMENT,

BODY WEIGHT AND FLYING SPEED OF RACING PIGEON

(Columba LINIA) AT LOCAL TOURNAMENT OF SPRINT

RACING. (Case at Local Tournament of the Sprint Pigeon in the

District in of Bandung)

1Sri Bandiati KP,

2Dani Garnida,

3Muhamad Yusuf

Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

A research on Relationship between body part measurament, body

weight and flying speed of racing sprint pigeon was conducted at the

local championship of racing sprint pigeon in defferent locations

(Adipura Gede Bage, Batu Jajar, Dago Resort and Lanud Sulaeman.

Bandung) . The objective of research was to find out the coeficient of

correlation between body part measurement and plying speed, and

their the best equation of regression. The methode of research was

descriftif and data were collected using cencus. Total 200 heads of

racing sprint pigeons were avaolable to observe of body part

measurent (wings length, wings stretch, primer feather length of

wingth, wings dence, length of tail feather, width of breast

circumtance of breast, length of back, length of os. Pubis) body weight

and flying speed (meter/sec.). The Result showed that coeficient of

correlation between body part measurement and plying speed were

low category and their the best equation was multivaariate linear

regression. It was concluded that body part measuremant and body

weight were not influence for flying speed.

Keywords : Campionship of racing sprint pigeon, flying speed, body part

measurement, body weight


AGOR122

QUALITY DEGRADATION OF MASHED RED CHILLI

BASED ON CAPSAICIN DURING PROCESSING

1Dharia Renate

*,

2Filli Pratama

**,

3Kiki Yuliati

** and

4Gatot

Priyanto***

*Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi Indonesia

**Graduate Program University of Sriwijaya, ,Palembang Indonesia

Phone (0711) 354222, Fax (0711) 317202, Email:

[email protected]

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze and identify the relation

between processing temperature and heating time during processing

of mashed red chilli to minimize degradation of capsaicin.Research

conducted on March 2011 at Food Processing Laboratory, University

of Jambi. Factorial Complete Randomized Design with three

replications was used. The treatments were the processing

temperature (700C, 80

0C, 90

0C) and the heating time (10, 15, 20 and

25 minutes). Parameters analyzed were capsaicin content, pH and

particle size. Data were analyzed using anova, Duncan Test and

surface response graph.Results showed that processing temperature

of 700C and 80

0C indicated not significant difference in capsaicin

content of 0.05%, while processing temperature of 900C caused

capsaicin content dropped sharply, its about 0.03%. Result also

showed that the longer heating time, the larger capsaicin content lost,

however heating time of 20 minutes at 800C caused capasaicin lost

lower than processing time of 25 minutes. During processing, pH

content and particle size were stable. Research conclude that in order

to prevent the quality degradation of mashed red chilli during

processing, temperature of 800C for 20 minutes is the best processing

temperature and heating time to process mashed red chilli to minimize

capsaicin content of 0.072 %, pH of 5.54 and particle size of 0.0028

mm.

Keywordss: mashed red chilli, quality degradation, capsaicin, particle size



AGOR138

EVALUATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL 108 BLACK

SOYBEAN PROMOSING LINE IN ORDER TO FOOD

NATIONAL SECURITY1

1Dwi Siska*, 2Elia Azizah** & 3Agung Karuniawan***

* Students S1 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung.

** Students S2 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung.

*** Lecturer Plant Breeding Unpad.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Yielding varieties of black soybean in Indonesia is more limited than

yellow soybeans. As a result, some local varieties of black soybeans

are still having diversity in the potential outcome. For that we need to

do research on the evaluation of the potential of black soybean strains

local selection results in order to meet food needs. Field experiments

conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty of

Padjadjaran University during August to November 2009. The design

of experiments that used the randomized block design in two

replications with 108 promosing lines treatment expectancy of black

soybean varieties and two national varieties as a comparison of

Cikuray and Detam 2. The result showed that 108 promosing lines of

black soybean tested there are 2 promosing line is better fenotipe than

the comparison varieties, that is CK8 and CK12. While promosing

lines which have better yield potential than comparison is CK10. This

promosing line is hoped will be a new variety with better yield

potential than existing varieties.

Keywords : black soybean promosing lines, evaluation of potential outcomes, local

varieties


AGOR139

UTILIZATION REVIEW IN IMPROVING QUALITY

YARD INCOME HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION AND FOOD

SECURITY

1Sri Herliana.,

2Yogi

Lecturer, Institut Teknologi Bandung-Jatinangor, Sumedang 45 363,

Indonesia

Abstract

Food security is generally interpreted as a guarantee that every resident

(anyone) in a country (anywhere, anytime) adequate food and nutritional

needs as a key condition to achieving the health and welfare (Soekirman,

1996). The existence of dry land in the countryside in the form of cultivated

land, gardens, fields and yards and empirically demonstrate the distribution

of dry land tenure and ownership more evenly so. Utilization of the yard as a

planting medium, aquaculture and breeding can increase the availability of

food sources and increase household income sources, is expected to

malnutrition and low income are a problem in the countryside will be

overcome.The study authors in collaboration with the National Food Security

in West Java (2009) for implementation of the utilization of the yard in West

Java, on the basis of agricultural areas, coastal and urban industry and

shows that in West Java, both in urban and in rural areas have the potential

to be developed with the use of yard area plant different crops or enterprises

that have economic value. It is based on the results of the study all four areas

in West Java with the use of the yard then the perceived benefits for

households to improve household consumption and household income. Study

results to-4 region in West Java, in the courtyard in urban land use and rural

differences in the choice of plants and orientation of the crop. For urban

areas, generally been carried out the choice of plants or businesses that are

more economical or profitable and the orientation of the crop more

commercially oriented or for sale. As for rural areas, the choice of plants or

businesses in utilizing the yard, tend to be limited, although the thinking is

economically good choice of plants or business and the orientation of the

crop has begun to grow in areas other than rural food insecurity. Food

insecurity in the village of interest in utilizing their yards is still minimal.

Keywords : Resilience, food, yard, Nutrition


AGOR144

APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR

ACCURATION OF STAND BASAL AREA

INVENTARISATION IN BAHAU RIVER FOREST AT

BULUNGAN REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN

PROVINCE

Ismail

Program Studies of Forest Management-Faculty of Agriculture

17th August 1945 University of Samarinda,

Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda 75124: Mp. 08125322086

Abstract

Forest as one of the natural resources is most usefull to human

activity, and has important role in adding the income state. The good

management system of natural forest has to be commended by a ripe

planning that has a most important activity i.e data collecting or

inventarisation of forest owned. The abyective of the research was

application of statistical procedurs in estimating the forest stand

volume, especially related to the shape and wide of the plots.. There

are three kinds of plot shapes e.i: Line plot, Circle plot, and

Rectilinear plot. The research was done in plots that were placed

with Simple Random Sampling in the finite population area of 100

hectares.The result of experiment was, the best plot or the most

precise and accurate to estimate the value of µ was Rectilinear plot of

0.4 Ha. According to the ANOVA there was very significant effect of

interaction between shape (A factor) and wide (B factor). According

to t-test, the small plots could not be used to estimated µ, especially

plot of 0.2 Ha.

Keywords: Inventarisation, plot shape


AGOR145*

RAIN-HARVESTING AGRICULTURE TO BOOST

LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY FOR 34 MILLION

PEOPLE IN THE BIGGEST LOESS PLATEAU

1You-Cai Xiong, 2Zheng Zheng




Abstract























Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field productivity,

sustainability.



AGOR146*

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HORTICULTURAL

ACTIVITIES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH Inder Jeet Singh* and Navneet Kaur**

([email protected])

Abstract

Apple is produced mainly in four States of India, namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal

Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Arunachal Pradesh. In India the plantation of apples started with the

introduction of apples by the Christian Missionaries and the British Officers in the begning of 19th century. The credit of cultivation of commercial apples goes to Samuel Evans Stokes a

resident of Philadelphia, who brought the delicious varieties of apple from United States of

America in the beginning of 20th century (1918). He selected Kotgarh area in Himachal Pradesh for plantation of the delicious cultivars and raised his own nursery and propagated plantation in

the area. In later years these were spread over apple growing areas in the country.Himachal

Pradesh occupies the dominant place among States in terms of area under apple cultivation, while second in terms of production. Apple is the dominant fruit grown in Himachal Pradesh.

The state has a comparative advantage in the cultivation of apple and other temperate fruits.

Kullu Valley which has been undertaken for the present study has experienced increase in temperature due to which apple producing areas of Kullu are shifting towards higher reaches of

the mountains. Kullu in Himachal Pradesh was once known for best quality apple in the country

but now apple have become uneconomical, nonviable, less profitable and even unproductive in such a short period. The present study examines the impact of climate change in recent years on

horticultural activities specifically on apple orchards in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh

based on climate information and farmers perceptions. The study is based on primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data regarding apple area and production has been collected from

department of horticulture, Shimla. Two villages Bajaura and Nushala in Kullu valley have been selected for field work. Bajaura is situated in the extreme South of the valley and Nushala in the

extreme North. These two villages are experiencing the impact of climate change in Negative

and positive way respectively. Bajaura which is situated in the South of valley is experiencing decrease in apple area and farmers of this village replacing their apple orchards with vegetable

crops while Village Nushala which is located in the extreme North of the valley is experiencing

increase in apple area and production. Local perception of the climate variables to apple production were noticed from 15 farmers from each village to know farmers perceptions

regarding climate change and its impact on apple cultivation. Perceptions were made on basis

of gathering data of two periods (1990 and 2010 years) of snowfall, temperature and rainfall. In

Kullu valley area under apple has shown increasing trend since 1990-91. During 1990-91 area

under apple was 14342 hectares which increased to 21824 hectares in 2006-07 but the

productivity of apple has gone down very fast. It was about 5 tones/ hectares during 1990-91 which reduced to 2 tones/ hectares in 2006-07. During the analysis of climate data for previous

20 years It is observed that temperature has showed increasing trends whereas precipitation

showed decreasing trends in the study area.

Key Words: Apple, Climate Change, Farmers Perception, Snowfall, Rainfall, Productivity.



AGOR147*

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION DETERMINATION AND

SENSORY EVALUATION OF „DONKWA‟ PRODUCED

FROM THE BLEND OF TIGERNUTS AND

GROUNDNUT.

Adejuyitan, J.A*, Otunola, E.T, Olanipekun, B.F and Babatunde, B.F

Department of Food Science and Engineering

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso

*E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Tigernut (cyperus esculentus) is an underutilized crop with great potentials

for food formulation. This study however is an attempt to comparatively

evaluate the proximate composition and sensory properties of

‗Donkwa‘(Maize-Groundnut ball) made from the blend of Maize and

Groundnut and the blend of Tigernut and Groundnut.Roasted groundnut

25% was cleaned manually by removing foreign bodies and damaged grains

and peeling of the groundnut shells. The cleaned groundnut and tiger nut was

subsequently milled in a cleaned milling machine. The grounded ginger and

pepper was added and clove with a little quantity of sugar to taste. It was

also pounded to mix in the added sugar and mould to a desired shaped and

sizes. It was deduced that the protein content of the sample increased with

an increasing proportion of groundnut ranging from 15.86%-23.67%. Also,

the fat content was increased with an increase in groundnut content of the

sample. The fiber composition decreases i.e. as the tiger nut proportion

decrease the fiber also decreased. The ash increased from 2.94%+ 0.10-

3.48%+ 0.57. Also the moisture content increased with decrease in

proportion of tigernut raging from 4.33%+ 0.001- 5.24%+ 0.001. Sample D

has the highest mean value for overall acceptability and control sample. The

analysis of variance revealed small amount of significant difference in the

samples in terms of colour, flavour, taste and texture at 50% level. However,

sample D was rated highest in taste, colour, flavour and texture. In terms of

taste sample D was the most preferred which could be due to effect of taste of

tigernut. The changes in these samples are due to the addition of tiger nut to

groundnut at different ratios which shows the percentage of the samples in

ascending other of their acceptability.


AGOR148*

POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH STRENGTHENING

REGIONAL AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY (A

CASE STUDY IN WEST JAVA, CENTRAL JAVA, EAST

JAVA, SOUTH SULAWESI AND NUSA TENGGARA

TIMUR)

Dhani Agung Darmawan

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to determine the linkages between food

security and rural poverty, to explore the factors that affect household

welfare of farmers and to suggest some recommendations in reducing

poverty through strengthening food security. Using primary and

secondary data of poor farmers by panel data and scoring method, the

result showed that food security from production side had a positive

significant effect in reducing poverty. Similarly, production factors

such as land area, fertilizer, capital, skill and price of food also had a

positive effect in reducing poverty except in NTT. The reason is due to

social culture factor. Furthermore, this study recommends that the

government of Indonesia could strengthen food security through

changing its paradigm in food security, redesign and revitalization

agriculture, increased local/rural community empowerment, updating

data base of agriculture, and agricultural development which oriented

to farmers empowerment and optimization of local resources.

Keywords: food security, poverty reduction, agriculture, rural and household

farmers


AGOR149

FEASIBILITY TEST OF THE BIOPORI ABSORPTION

HOLE TO IMPROVE WATER INFILTRATION INTO

THE SOIL.

Bambang Aris Sistanto

Lecturer and the head of Water Resources Laboratory. Agriculture

Technical Industrial Management Agricultural Industrial Technology

Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract

The objective of the research of the Biopori Absorption Hole is to

know the feasibility of the hole, which is use difference of microbes as

an activator in the process of decomposition of organic material, in

an effort to improve water infiltration rate into the soil. The research

was conducted on experimental field of Industrial Technology Faculty

of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, at ± 753 m

altitude above sea level. Research carried out for 45 days starting in

October-November 2010. The methodology of the research uses

experimental design of randomized block design, which consists of 5

treatments with 6 replicates. The results of this study indicate that

arrangement different organisms in each treatment into ―Lubang

Resapan Biopori (LRB)‖ gives a significant value to the rate of

infiltration in the LRB. The hole biopori with the addition of

organisms earthworm treatment gives the best results with the

infiltration rate of 0.038 liters / sec but that the recommendation of

the organism an effective and feasible in making biopori, is dried

microbes (bio-active Semanggi) because according to the statistical

test does not give different results significant with earthworms.

Constant infiltration rate (fc) on the surface that is equal to 0.3

cm/min shows that only a slight change soil physical properties on the

soil surface.

Keywords : Infiltration, Hole Absorption of Biopori, Organism


AGOR151

CHITIN OLIGOMER PRODUCTION WITH UNIQUE

CHITINASE BACILLUS SP STRAIN SW71 ENZYME

FROM DAMS WATER SHRIMP

1Sri Wahyuni

* &

2M. T. Suhartono

**

*Chemistry Education, Haluoleo University, Kendari

**Research Center for Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University

Abstract

A chitinase-producing bacterium, Bacillus sp strain SW71 was

isolated from Pinrang shrimp dams water, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The bacteria was grown in the liquid medium supplemented with

colloidal chitin (0.5%) as a carbon source for 46 hrs. at 37oC to

produce chitinase. The optimal temperature and pH for the chitinase

activity were 60-70oC and 7-8, respectively. The chitinase was very

stable at 60-70oC up to 4 hrs. The enzyme of 0.0085 IU/mg chitin on

1 and 0,5 % colloidal chitin substrate were used to produce chitin

oligomers through incubation at one until twelve hours. The reaction

products were analyzed and fractionated using HPLC. Free cell

supernatant and purified enzyme were shown tetramer and pentamer

composition after incubation during twelve hours.

Key Word : Chitinase, chitine oligomer, olisaccharide


AGOR154

ISOLATION BACTERIA AND CHARACTERIZATION

CELLULOSE ENZYME FROM MILKFISH (Chanos chanos)

GASTROINTESTINAL AS POTENTIAL AGENT TO

DEGRADE CELLULOSE

1Ardhiani.K.Hidayanti*, 2Annisa N.L*, 3Repsi Erdiana*, 4Winda A.P***, 5An.

Ridhowati**, 6Fikri, B.M.** , 7Miranti D.S**, 8Abrory A.C***, 9Trijoko** & 10Yekti A.

Purwestri***

*Lab. Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia,

**Lab. Animal Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281,

Indonesia, ***Lab. Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada Univesity, 55281, Indonesia.

Abstract

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is kind of herbivore fish that consume

phytoplankton. There are so many floral normal bacteria that help milkfish in

digestion process. Cellulolytic bacteria that produce enzyme from the

milkfish digestive track have potential to be used by human. Cellulose

enzyme can be used for composting agriculture waste, biorefining for

producing eco health paper, increasing digestibility of forage and biofuel

production. The purpose of this study was to isolate cellulolytic bacterial and

characterize the cellulose enzyme from bacteria that isolated from milkfish

gastrointestinal. Milkfish acclimatized then dissected aseptically. One gram

samples of stomach and intestine that have been mashed, suspended into 9 ml

of physiological saline solution then inoculated on Carboxil Methil Cellulose

(CMC). Calculation and testing of cellulose activity by Miller Method ,

enzyme characterization and testing the enzyme in degrading organic waste.

The result showed that eight cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from Milkfish

digestive tract. Two isolates cellulolytic bacteria that have the largest

cellulolytic index and the biggest sugar reduction were BSA B1 and BSA

E2. Both of isolates had an optimum enzyme activity at pH 9 and temperature

50 ° C. BSA B1 had Avicell specific substrate, meanwhile BSA E2 had

specific substare on CMC. The potential of the two isolates in degrading

organic waste in the form of straw and banana peels were good. Activities of

BSA B1 and BSA E2 enzyme on substrate straw waste were 0.084 units / ml,

and 0.052 units / ml. As for activity of BSA B1 and BSA E2 enzyme on a

banana peel substrates were 0.35 units / ml, and 0.03 units / ml.

Key Words : Milkfish, Cellulolytic bacteria, Cellulose enzyme characterization


AGOR155

EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATION OF 1-

METHYLCYCLOPROPENE FOR IMPROVING

POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF PELARGONIUM

FLOWER

Syariful Mubarok

Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran

University

Abstract

Pelargonium is the most flowering plants that have a variation of

flower color. It is also popular as bedding plants and hanging basket

plant. Reduction of postharvest quality, flower senescence flower and

bud drop, are affected by several factors such as ethylene. 1-MCP is a

chemical compound that has a function as ethylene inhibitor.

Commonly, 1-MCP is a volatile compound. Therefore its application

is limits in enclosed area. New formulation of 1-MCP, sprayable

formulation, was founded, that can be used in opened area and in the

field. This study was conducted to find out the optimum concentration

of sprayable 1-MCP to improving postharvest quality of pelargonium

flower. Pelargonium zonale hybrids ‗Katinka‘ was used in this

investigation. This study was conducted in Randomized Block Design

with two replications. Six concentrations of sprayable 1-MCP (0.5, 1,

2, 5, 10 and 20 µL L-1

) one concentration of 0.2 µL L-1

of volatile 1-

MCP and one control (without 1-MCP) were used in this experiment.

The result showed that sprayable 1-MCP at 5 µL L-1

was effective in

reducing ethylene reducing ethylene-induced petal abscission and

extending floret longevity of flower.

Key words: Ethylene; Flower; Senescence; 1-MCP.


AGOR156*

POTENTIAL LOSS OF GENETIC RESOURCES HONEY

SWEETPOTATO FROM CILEMBU VILLAGE, SUMEDANG

INDONESIA

1Agung Karuniawan*, 2Budi Waluyo**,

3Sekar Laras Rahmannisa***, and 4Haris

Maulana****

*Lecture Staff at Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Breeding Laboratory, Padjadjaran

University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected]

**Graduate Student Agricultural Science/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected]

***Undergraduate Student Agro complex/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.

****Research Assistant in Plant Breeding Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung,

Abstract

Cilembu sweetpotato‘s is honey sweet potato, is one of the commodities in Sumedang,

West Java that has high economical value. Nirkum and Eno is a variety that is known

as honey sweetpotato from Cilembu. Varieties Nirkum and Eno endangered. This is

due to farmers switching to plant other varieties of sweet potatoes that are similar to

Nirkum and Eno. Replacement planting of sweet potato varieties in this Cilembu due

to lower yields potential Nirkum of only 2 tons / ha, harvests age of 8 months, and

disease attack black rot root. The first phase of research conducted by survey method

in the Village area Cilembu in January-February 2011. The goal is to find out the

status of sweet potato cultivation varieties Nirkum, Eno, and other varieties in the

Cilembu, and took a sample of varieties / accessions. The second phase of research

carried out by the experimental method using randomized block design. The treatment

consisted of 59 accessions (26 Nirkum and 33 other varieties) the results of

exploration and collection, repeated two times. Research conducted at the Field Unit

of Development and Empowerment of Biological Resources, Padjadjaran University.

The purpose of this study was to identify morphological similarities sweetpotato

grown in Cilembu the results showed in Cilembu there are 21 varieties of

sweetpotatoes planted and cultivated as a collection. Only a small proportion of

farmers who planted Nirkum and Eno as crop cultivation, the rest of the collection in

the yard or garden. The results of the analysis shows there is diversity in the range of

sweetpotatoes accession collection and exploration. Cluster analysis showed that

replacing the varieties Nirkum and Eno have a morphological similarities

sweetpotato tuberous roots. The similarity is threatening the preservation of varieties

Nirkum and Eno

Key words: Cilembu sweetpotato’s, Nirkum and Eno, plant genetic resources endangered, ex

situ


AGOR157

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR

MYCORRHIZA AND BOKASHI ON GROWTH AND YELD OF

CILEMBU SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb.)

1Djasmara, S.,

2A. W. Irwan ,

3 A. Wahyudin ,

4Nuryani

Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang

45363,Indonesia.

Email: [email protected], jl. Guntursari I/ 21 Bandung 40264

Indonesia

Abstract

An experiment studying the residual effects of Vesicular Arbuscular

Myccorrhiza (VAM) on growth and and yield of Cilembu sweet potato

Eno cultivar was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Site of

Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from

November 2003 to April 2004. The altitude of the location is 754

meters above sea level. Randomnized Block Design was used with

factorial pattern of two factors and three replications. The first factor

was residual of VAM (m), which were consisted of four levels, m0 = 0

g/plant, m1 = 5 g/plant, m2 = 10 g/plant and m3 = 15 g/plant. The

second factor was residual of chicken dung Bokashi (b), which were

consisted of three levels, b1 = 0 ton/ha, b2 = 5 ton/ha and b3 = 10

ton/ha. The result of the trial showed that in the young stages of sweet

potato, Bokashi is more influential than VAM. There were interaction

effects between higher dosages of VAM residue with higher dosages

of chicken dung Bokashi residue on the tuber weight per plant. VAM

residue at 10 g/ plant and Bokashi residue at 10 ton/ha produced

highest yield of sweet potato and was significant as compared to

control (no applications).

Keywords: Mycorrhiza Vesicular Arbuscular (VAM), Bokashi, Cilembu Sweet

Potato, Inceptisol Soil.



AGOR158

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR

MYCORRHIZA AND BOKASHI ON GROWTH AND

YELD OF CILEMBU SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas

(L.) Lamb.)

1Djasmara, S.,

2A. W. Irwan ,

3 A. Wahyudin,

4Nuryani


45363,Indonesia.

Email: [email protected], jl. Guntursari I/ 21 Bandung 40264

Indonesia

Abstract

An experiment studying the residual effects of Vesicular Arbuscular

Myccorrhiza (VAM) on growth and and yield of Cilembu sweet potato

Eno cultivar was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Site of

Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University at Jatinangor from

November 2003 to April 2004. The altitude of the location is 754

meters above sea level. Randomnized Block Design was used with

factorial pattern of two factors and three replications. The first factor

was residual of VAM (m), which were consisted of four levels, m0 = 0

g/plant, m1 = 5 g/plant, m2 = 10 g/plant and m3 = 15 g/plant. The

second factor was residual of chicken dung Bokashi (b), which were

consisted of three levels, b1 = 0 ton/ha, b2 = 5 ton/ha and b3 = 10

ton/ha. The result of the trial showed that in the young stages of sweet

potato, Bokashi is more influential than VAM. There were interaction

effects between higher dosages of VAM residue with higher dosages

of chicken dung Bokashi residue on the tuber weight per plant. VAM

residue at 10 g/ plant and Bokashi residue at 10 ton/ha produced

highest yield of sweet potato and was significant as compared to

control (no applications).

Key words: Mycorrhiza Vesicular Arbuscular (VAM), Bokashi, Cilembu Sweet

Potato, Inceptisol Soil.



AGOR160

EFFECT OF CDCL2 AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON

CD, N AND S CONTENT OF RAMIE (Boehmeria nivea

(L.) Gaudich)

1Hindersah, R.,

2A. Nurbaity &

3R. Sudirja

Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran

Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km. 21 Bandung 40600 Indonesia

Abstract

Continues phosphate fertilizer as well as organic matter amendment

for enhancing plant production could increase Cd content in soil and

induce more Cd uptake by roots. Since in plant vacuole Cd are bound

as Cd-phytochelatin-S, the objective of this green house experiment

was to asses the influence of urea in several Cd level on Cd, N and S

content as well as shoot dry weight of 60-day old ramie (Boehmeria

nivea Goud) grown in Inceptisols. Experiment was set up in Split Plot

Design by used of two treatments and three replication. The main plot

was Cd level (0, 10 and 15 mg kg-1

) and subplot was urea level (0, 5.0

and 7.5 g pot-1

). The result was Increasing Cd content in soil could

enhance Cd content in ramie shoot which did not depend on urea

level. However either Cd or urea did not change S content in ramie

shoot. Urea up to 7,5 g per pot increased shoot dry weight but

addition up to 15 mg kg-1

CdCl2.H2O did not change shoot dry weight.

This experiment demonstrated that ramie was able to grow in

relatively high level Cd soil, and higher Cd uptake by ramie shoot did

not followed by increasing N and S uptake.

Keywords: Cadmium, Urea, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Ramie.


AGOR161

THE POTENTIALS AND PITFALLS OF ECOTOURISM

DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL RESOURCES

CONSERVATION AREA IN INDONESIA

1Ricky Avenzora

* and

2Tutut Sunarminto

**

*Senior Lector on Ecotourism Planning

**Lector on Conservation Area Management

Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism

The Faculty of Forestry

Bogor Agricultural University

Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia.

Emai: [email protected]

Abstract

Any expert on ecotourism will always objectively say that Indonesia

has more than abundant resources for ecotourism, not only in number

and variety but also in distribution and demand. However, after more

than 20 years the ecotourism paradigm has been adopted in Indonesia

–as well as more than 30 years nature conservation area also was

developed in Indonesia – unfortunately the development processes

are not yet giving a significant result. A good understanding on the

characteristics of resources and demand is a keywords to grab the

potentials, meanwhile being honest to the dynamic of management is

demanded to solve the pitfalls. Knowing well about ecotourism-

resources characteristics is very important for finding and promoting

the uniqueness of ecotourism objects and activities. Having detail in

demand characteristics is very useful to mobilize and distribute the

number of visit and the number of visitor as well. Further, frankly

assessment in man-power is needed to bridge the obstacles.

Keywords: Ecotourism, Nature Conservation Area, Indonesia.


AGOR163*

INDONESIAN RAINFALL PATTERNS: A DRAMATIC

SHIFT

Muhammad Yusuf Awaluddin

Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia‘s climate is influenced by various Earth-system processes

including the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian-Ocean

Dipole, monsoon variability and the Julian-Madden Oscillation8. Previous

analyses of rainfall data from 1951-1997 indicated a tight coupling between

Indonesian rainfall anomalies during the dry season, peaking in August.

Nevertheless, rainfall anomalies tended not to persist from the dry season

into the wet season and rainfall in the heart of the wet season tended to be

spatially incoherent and inherently unpredictable9,10. Whether this pattern

extended into recent years, being subject to accelerated global warming, is

unknown. Based on rainfall data covering the period 1900-2008, here we

show that the Indonesian rainfall variability has dramatically changed from

the early 1970s onwards. Instead of being seasonally confined, ENSO events

have switched into a mode in which they also control Indonesian rainfall

anomalies outside the dry season. This prolongation of ENSO influences and

extended El-Niño episodes from the early 1990s onwards explains the

observed decline in annual-mean rainfall by ~20% in the entire Indonesian

region and why this decline occurred spatially coherent and during all

seasons of the year. Given the widespread impacts of ENSO events, we

anticipate these findings to be a clue in the understanding of climate-change

impacts on changes in climate variability in the Indo-Pacific region. For

instance, the sudden onset and persistence of intensified ENSO influences

over the last 40 years, revealed here via an analysis of Indonesian rainfall

anomalies, could point to a dramatic and shift in ENSO-related climate

variability associated with changes in the Walker circulation influencing

most areas across the tropical Pacific Ocean.


ORAL SESSIONS


AGPT001

MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FOOD CONTACT

SURFACES AT SELECTED „SATAR‟ PREMISES IN

KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Lani1, M. N., Mohd Ferdaus Mohd Azmi

1, Roshita Ibrahim

2, Rozila

Alias3 & Zaiton Hassan

4

1Department of Food Science, 2Department of Agrotechnology,

Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000

Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 78000 Nilai,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract

‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices, wrapped in

banana leaves and grilled over flaming charcoal. It is a very popular ready-

to-eat food sold in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The vehicle and

routes of ‗Satar‘ contamination could come from raw materials and food

contact surfaces during preparation and handling of ‗Satar‘. However, this

study only focused on the possibility of contaminations which came from food

contact surfaces. This study was carried out to determine the aerobic plate

count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus aureus count,

Pseudomonas count and the presence of Salmonella sp. in swab samples

from ten selected food contact surfaces in two popular ‗Satar‘ premises in

Kuala Terengganu. Results showed that all food contact surfaces used in the

Premise A which were cutting board, knife, table of preparation, mixer, food

handler‘s hand, container, spoon, banana leaves, skewer and surface of

griller were highly contaminated with indicator microorganisms (aerobic

mesophilic organisms, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas) compare to

food contact surfaces of premise B. These findings highlight the possibility of

microbial contamination in ‗Satar‘ that could come from contaminated food

contact surfaces. Further study should be carried out in improving the

hygienic status of ‗Satar‘ premises and local RTE foods.

Keywords: Microbiological qualities, ‘Satar’, Food contact surfaces, indicator

organisms, RTE foods


AGPT004

SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GELATIN FROM

BONE, SKIN AND HEAD OF GENETICALLY

IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Nizaha Juhaida, M. & Muhammad Afandi, M.E.

Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food

Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

In recent years, world‘s tilapia production shows a very rapid growth

with the main species is Oreochromis niloticus. As the demand for

tilapia continues to grow worldwide, its production is expected to

grow up to 3.3 million metric tons by year 2011. This impressive

increase will contribute to the accumulation of waste especially from

the filleting processing. The objective of this study was to extract

gelatin from bone, skin and head of tilapia with further analyses were

carried out to study the physical characteristics of the extracted

gelatin. The yield, gel strength, viscosity and gelling temperature of

gelatin were of physical properties that being evaluated. Skins, heads

and bones of tilapia were firstly undergone a pretreatment in HCl

solution before subjected to 4 h extraction at 60oC. After drying a

small portion of the extracted gelatins at 105oC (4 h), the yield of

gelatins were 23.46, 16.10 and 17.25% for skins, bones and head,

respectively. Even though gelatin yield from head was significantly

lower (p<0.05) to that of skin, its gel strength and viscosity were

significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to skin and bone. Gelling

temperature of gelatin from head also significantly higher (p<0.05)

than that of bone and skin which were 15.8, 12.7 and 11.6oC,

respectively.

Keywords: fish gelatin, GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus


AGPT005*

G×E INTERACTION OF FOUR SUPERIOR GENOTYPE RED

PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES CROSSING OF WHITE

CHILLI PEPPER (Capsicum frustescens L.) WITH RED PEPPER

Roselano Sandy Yustisi Gunawan1)

, Neni Rostini2)

and Nono Carsono2)

Abstract

Genotype × environment interaction is important in the development

of red pepper variety. The objective of experiment was to get

information of genotype × environment interaction in the rain season

at Jatinangor, Yogyakarta, and Pasuruan. The experiment was

conducted in December 2009 until April 2010 at Jatinangor,

February 2010 until July 2010 at Yogyakarta, June 2010 until

November 2010 at Pasuruan. The experiment was arranged in

Randomized Block Design (RDB) with nine genotypes of red pepper

as treatments in three replication. The treatments were four varieties

candidate, i.e. RS 07, RM 08A/KRTRM B, KRT SHATOL, and RM

08A/KRTRM A and five released variety, i.e. Tanjung 1, Tanjung 2,

Tit Super, Laris and Lembang 1. The result showed that there were

genotype × environment interaction on dichotomy height character

and fruit diameter of red pepper character. The character length of

fruit, weight of fruit, weight of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per plots

of RS 07, RM 08A/KRTRM B, genotype KRT SHATOL, and RM

08A/KRTRM A were superior than its controls in three or one of

location.


AGPT006

INFLUENCE OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF

INDIGENOUS FLOURS FROM BREADFRUIT (Artocarpus

communis) ON PROPERTIES BREAKFAST FLAKES

Luna

1, P, H. Herawati

2 & S. Widowati

2

1Graduate Student Food Science, IPB

2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research Development

(ICAPRD)

Jl. Tentara Pelajar no 12A Bogor 16114 (0251) 86321762


Abstract

Flakes as breakfast cereal that spread in the market were made from

cereal such as wheat, rice and corn. Food diversification on Flakes

lately made from indigenous foods such as sorghum, banana flour,

and sweet potato flour, the aim was to reduce wheat imports.

Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) was an indigenous food that has

not been used optimally. Breadfruit was a commodity source of

carbohydrate non-cereals (various tubers and fruits, including

breadfruit), making it suitable for high-energy raw material for

Flakes. Breadfruit was processed into flours to improve food security

and transform from inferior to superior image. In this study Flakes

made from composite breadfruit and mung bean flour. Then as

material substitution for breadfruit flour was cassava starch, corn

starch and rice flour in various formulation. The objective was to

achieve best formulations breadfruit flakes with crunchy texture and

taste that can be accepted by consumers as high-energy ready to eat

breakfast. Flakes formulations have a significant effect on the

chemical composition of the product (p<0,05). The average value of

water content on breadfruit Flakes was 2.28 ± 1.14% (db), an average

ash content 2.47 ±0.27% (db), the average protein content was 8.04 ±

0.81% (db), the average fat content 22. 05 ± 0.49% (db), and the

average carbohydrate content was 65.15 ± 1.56% (db). Energy of

breadfruit flakes was 490 kkal/100 gram. Flakes color tends to yellow

for overall product.

Keywords: Flakes, Breadfruit, Breadfruit flour, Flakes properties


AGPT007*

SIMPLE OBSERVATION ON GOATS FOLLOWING

ADMINISTRATION OF Terminalia catappa LEAVES AS

NATURAL DEWORMING AGENT

Azrul, L. M. 1,2

, Rawaidah, A. 2, Muhammad, E.

3& Effendy, A. W. M.

2,3

1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, 2Institute of Marine Biotechnology,

3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

Parasitic worms‘ infection is one of the major death causes in the

livestock industry. Anthelmintic drugs are normally used to curb this

problem. Unfortunately, due to the rapid development of anthelmintic

resistance in many species of worms, the use of anthelmintic drugs

becomes less effective. This phenomenon has urged scientist

worldwide to explore new potential plants as an alternative non-drugs

anthelmintic. Thus, the objective of this study is to observe the effects

of T. catappa leaves administration as natural deworming agent in

goats. Eighteen Katjang breed goats were used in this trial where they

are equally divided into three groups. Fecal egg count (FEC) was

done at the beginning and the number of gastrointestinal parasites

eggs‘ was recorded. Group 1 and Group 2 were administered with

mature and immature T. catappa leaves respectively, while Group 3

acts as a control group. Leaves were fed to the treated goats‘

everyday. Fecal egg count was done every two days for four weeks. As

a results, there were significant reduction (P<0.05) for the number of

gastrointestinal parasites eggs‘ for both treatment groups as

compared to the control. There was also no significant different

(P>0.05) between groups fed mature and immature T. catappa leaves.

Based on the daily clinical observation to the goats, there were

negative results on the lethality, physiological changes and rejection

towards the plants. All these observations showed that T. catappa

leaves can be use as natural deworming agent.


AGPT008*

SUSTAINABLE LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

A MINIMUN FOREST AREA NEED ANALYSIS Tuti Herawati

Centre for Conservation and rehabilitation Research and Development,

Forestry Research and Development Agency- Ministry of Forestry

Jalan Gunung Batu No.5 Bogor, phone 0251- Fax 0251 8638111

email address : [email protected]

Abstract

Land is managed for multiple benefits such as agricultural production,

supporting human life and biodiversity conservation. To ensure long-

term sustainability, it is required a balance land utilization for various

purposes. This paper was intended to present a study on theoretical

framework of minimum forest area need analysis, as well as a case

study in megapolitan area of Jakarta and its surroundings suburbs.

Review of some theoretical framework was done to find out criteria

for forest determination area. Then, it was conducted a review of

existing condition in Jakarta and its suburbs specifically to find out

the total area of forest and green area in this region. Population

growth and development activities in this area are running very fast

so have been getting rid of the areas that should be preserved as

forest. Forestry Act no.41/1999 stipulates that the forest area that

must be present is at least 30 % of the total area of unit watershed.

The case study in Jakarta showed that the forest and green area is no

more than 5%. As a unity of landscape Jakarta and its suburbs are

very dependent on two Conservation Forest Area located in Bogor

and Sukabumi i.e. Gunung Gede Pangrango and Halimun Salak

National Park. However Bogor district itself still in a lack condition

of protection forest area need that is to say deficit to fulfilled target 15%

of total area of Bogor, thereby greatly understandable when Jakarta

often experience flooding. Considering that Jakarta and its suburbs

as the most populated area in Indonesia need much concern of

development of urban forest and other green areas.

Key words: forest, watershed, land recourse, sustainability management, populated


AGPT009

TECHNO-ECONOMY CHATERISTICS OF RAMBUTAN

JUICES

Setyadjit1, Arnida Mustafa

2, & Ermi Sukasih

1

1 Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Postharvest Research and

Development

JL. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Cimanggu Agricultural Research

Campus, Bogor

16114, Indonesia

Tlp/Fax : 62 251 8321762

Email : [email protected] 2

Department of Industrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural

University, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is one of biggest producers countries of rambutan and

Lebak Bulus is among varieties which are cultivated by the farmers.

Even-though the supply of the product is very large compared to the

demand during the season, so far there is still very limited effort to

process rambutan. There are two methods of juice production have

been developed i.e. simple juice preserved by addition preservatives

(cloudy juice), and membrane technique to produce non-preservative

product (clear juice). Product with preservatives should be released

at IDR 3500 whilst without preservatives IDR 8300. Juice with

preservatives has NPV of IDR 196,735,524; IRR 28.21%; Net B/C

1.96; PBP 2.3 year; BEP 131,732 unit. Clear juice has NPV IDR

206,841,294; IRR 49.15%; Net B/C 2.73; PBP 1.54 year; BEP 51,804

unit. Thus, the projects on both techniques are profitable.

Keywords : Postharvest, Rambutan, Juice, membrane, IRR, B/C ratio



AGPT010

PASTEURIZATION TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS

AND PACKAGING OF RAMBUTAN IN SYRUP DURING

STORAGE

Sunarmani & Setyadjit

Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Postharvest Research &

Development,

Jl. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Cimanggu, Bogor, West Java.

Abstract

Rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L) is a product of horticulture

who has hair as his trademark and is highly perishable once

harvested last hold a few days and is also seasonal. Therefore, in

order to extend the season it is required storage processing

technology. Research rambutan in syrup has been carried out 2009

but it is still very limited shelf life only 1-2 month, hence the title of

repairs pasteurization and packaging technologies. Pasteurization is

done by steaming and divakum, as well as plastic packaging using PP

with a thickness of 0.08 cm and are wrapped in alufo and there are

not wrapped with alufo and storage by the method of acceleration.

The results showed that fruit rambutan in syrup pasteurized by

steaming more durable or more resistant in storage compared with

divakum and packaging wrapped with alufo.

Keywords: rambutan fruit, syrup, Pasteurization, Packaging, Storage.


AGPT011*

PREDICTING THE EATING LIFE OF RAMBUTAN

JUICE BY ACCELERATION METHOD

Ermi Sukasih & Setyadjit

Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Postharvest Research and

Development

Cimanggu Agriculture Campus,

JL. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia


Abstract

Juice is one of processed products from Rambutan. Type and package

used is very important factors affecting the quality and shelf life. Shelf

life is very important to know in order controlling the distribution and

marketing of a product. The aim of the study was to know the

predicted storage life of rambutan juices by applying of various

pasteurization techniques and packaging. Acceleration method used

was storage at 3 different temperatures i.e. low temperature (10 oC),

ambient temperature (29 oC), and Air Conditioned (20

oC). Critical

parameter observed was change in colour by Arrhenius equation and

slope decrease. He treatments were with/without homogenization;

with/without aluminum foil cover. The research results showed that

homogenization treatment did not increase the shelf life whilst

aluminum foil covered did increase the shelf life. Based on critical

parameters i.e. colour, rambutan juice without homogenization but

packaged in aluminum foil cover has predicted shelf life the longest

such as 3.3 year at 7 oC whilst at ambient temperature was 1.07 year.

Key words: rambutan, shelf life, juice


AGPT012

EFFECTS OF GRILING, CHILLING AND REGRILLING OF

„SATAR‟ ON THE SURVIVAL OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

Lani

1, M. N., Suriani Mohd Shahidi

1, Roshita Ibrahim

2, Rozila Alias

3 &

Zaiton Hassan

1Department of Food Science,

2Department of Agrotechnology,

Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia

Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A,

Seksyen 7, 40000

Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia

(USIM), 78000 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract

Satar is a popular ready-to-eat food which is grilled before being served. However,

left over Satar is frequently subjected to chilling and regrilling where the

microbiological qualities due to these multiple treatments have never been studied.

Initially, Listeria monocytogenes was cultivated by using incubater shaker for 20

hours which corresponded to stationary phase of this organism and diluted to provide

two level inoculums of L. monocytogenes strain L112 (103 CFU/ml and 106 CFU/ml),

and then inoculated in Satar and subjected to grilling treatment to determine D-value

of L. monocytogenes at specified grilling temperatures. There was significant different

(p<0.05) in the interaction between time of grilling and inoculum levels to L.

monocytogenes survivors. It was found that 9 minutes grilling with 76°C internal

temperature was sufficiently eliminated both inoculated inoculums (103 CFU/ml and

106 CFU/ml) of L. monocytogenes. Survival of L. monocytogenes strain L112 was

also studied after this organism was inoculated in Satar then subjected to different

grilling times (3, 6 and 9 minutes), followed by chilling treatment for 18 hours and

then, regrilling for 3-minutes. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among all

the treatments to the survival of L. monocytogenes. Six minutes of grilling could only

reduce L. monocytogenes to undetectable number due to heat injured cells. L.

monocytogenes still can survive when insufficient heat was used to grill Satar. Heat

injured L. monocytogenes was able to recover and multiply during chilling. Regrilling

with up to only 56°C internal temperature was insufficient to destroy this pathogen.

Further study should be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of grilling, chilling

and regrilling of other ready-to-eat foods in order to ensure the safety of the foods to

be consumed.

Keywords: Satar, Listeria monocytogenes, D-value, grilling-chilling-regrilling,

heat-injured


AGPT013

THE USE OF POMSC AMELIORANT FOR GREEN

ROSELLE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION

Zurafni Mat Daud, Roshita Ibrahim, Abdullah Md. Zain & Adzemi

Mat Arshad

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food

Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,

MALAYSIA

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

BRIS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) soil is considered as one of

the problem soils found in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia due to its

low fertility, high leaching rate and high surface temperature. Thus, it is not

very suitable or non-productive for commercial planting of crops because it

could not support the normal water needs for plant growth and will

eventually affect the yield and quality of the produce. POMSC (Palm Oil Mill

Sludge Cake) had been used as soil ameliorant for fruit plants because of its

benefits as soil structure improvement and aeration, thus increasing nutrient

and water holding capacities, increasing microbial activities and improving

soil fertility. In this study, green roselle plants, Hibiscus sabdariffa var.

UKMR-3 were cultivated onto BRIS soil with four different POMSC

enrichments in order to examine their effects on both plant growth and

production. The enrichment comprised of an untreated BRIS which served as

control and mixtures of POMSC in four different amount; BRIS + 10 t/ha

POMSC, BRIS + 20 t/ha POMSC, BRIS + 30 t/ha POMSC, and BRIS + 40

t/ha POMSC. BRIS treated with POMSC showed better growth performance

in growth parameters such as plant height, canopy, number of leaves, stem

girth, number of buds, flowers and calyces yields compared to non-treated

BRIS. Among all the treatments, BRIS + 20 t/ha POMSC showed the best

performance in plant growth and yields. This study suggests that POMSC

can be used effectively as potential soil ameliorant for commercial green

roselle planting involving BRIS soils.

Keywords: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-3), POMSC, BRIS




AGPT014

POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF THREE ROSELLE

VARIETIES (Ukmr-1, Ukmr-2, Ukmr-3) CULTIVATED

ON TERENGGANU BRIS SOIL

Roshita Ibrahim & Khalil Munawar Makhdum Munawar

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, MALAYSIA


Abstract

The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a species of Hibiscus commonly used for the

production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or

woody-based subshrub, growing to 2–2.5 m (7–8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three-

to five-lobed, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems. The flowers

are 8–10 cm (3–4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the

base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in)

wide, enlarging to 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. In

this world, there are various types of roselle that have been cultivated. Each of the

roselle has its own characteristics due to the genotype of the plant itself. This study

was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics including

proximate analyses of three new roselle varieties (UKMR-1 (light red), UKMR-2

(darker red) and UKMR-3 (green)) cultivated on BRIS soil. The physical

characteristics studied were the weight of seed, calyx alone and whole calyx, the size

of calyx in term of longitudinal and latitudinal length, colour of the calyx (L*, a* and

b*), and the firmness of the calyx. Meanwhile, the chemical compositions studied

were total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content,

anthocyanin content and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Furthermore, the

proximate values quantified were the percentage of moisture, ash, fiber, protein, fat

and carbohydrate content. Among all the three roselle varieties, UKMR-2 showed the

largest calyces with the highest amount of anthocyanin content and a* value which

indicates that UKMR-2 has more red colour. In addition, UKMR-3 showed lower a*

value and higher chlorophyll content which indicates that UKMR-3 has pigment that

show green colour. UKMR-2 also showed the highest percentage in moisture, fiber

and fat compared to the other two roselle varieties.

Keywords: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), UKMR-1, UKMR-2, UKMR-3, physico-

chemical characteristics



AGPT015

EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF BASIL (OCIMUM

SANCTUM) EXTRACT TO CONTROL OF MANGO

FRUIT FLY IN THE ORCHARD SYSTEM

Wahyu Handayati, Luki Rosmaharani, Yuniastuti & Donald

Sihombing

East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya

Karangploso Km 4 PO Box 188 Malang 65101 Indonesia

e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

Fruit fly is one of the important pests on mango and caused high

losses yield. The farmer usually controls this pest with insecticide.

However, this method unsuccessful, hence the pests are living and

attacking inside of the fruits. Application of Ocimum sanctum extract

as a male attractant through males‘ annihilation technique is an

alternative method to control this pest. The research aimed to study of

efficacy of Ocimum sanctum extract to control mango fruit fly in

orchard system. Randomized block design was used with five

replications. The treatments were the dosage levels of Ocimum

sanctum extract i.e. 1,5 ml, 2,5 ml, 3,75 ml; and Petrogenol 1 ml as

control that soaked on cotton roll and replaced inside mineral water

bottle. The result showed that Ocimum sanctum extract was

significantly attractive to fruit fly and most effective than petrogenol.

Ocimum sanctum extract in 2,5 ml dosage level was adequate

attractive to fruit fly (26,08 fruit fly/week).

Keywords : manggo, orchard system, fruit fly, control, Ocimum sanctum, extract,

atractant


AGPT016

CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS OF WILD RELATIVE OF

SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K) G. Don.)

ORIGINATED FROM CITATAH-WEST JAVA

Tia Setiawati

1 , Karyono

1, Titin Supriatun

1 & Agung Karuniawan

2

Biology Dept., Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Science,

Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Plant Breeding Program,Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Abstract

Wild relative of sweet potato I. trifida originated from district Citatah in

West Java is considered as potentially useful in breeding program to

complement the special traits of cultivated-sweet potato. The success of plant

breeding programs to be supported cytology information such as

characterization of chromosome. The aim of this study was to determine the

nature of chromosome morphology (number, shape, size of chromosomes)

and chromosome formula and karyotype of three accessions of wild relatives

of sweet potato (I. trifida) from Citatah - West Java. The research carried out

by making chromosome preparations from root tips using the squash method.

The results showed that the three accessions of wild relatives of sweet potato

(accession no. 15, 40, and 149) have the same number of chromosomes is 2n

= 30. The total length of the chromosome of three accessions i.e. accession

no. 15, 40, and 149 ranged from 1.64 ± 0.29 - 2.34 μm ± 0.18; 1.83 ± 0.20 -

3.1 ± 0.17 μm; and 1.53 ± 0.05 - 2.03± 0.03 μm with karyotype formula are

14 m + 1 sm; 11 m + 4 sm; and 13 m + 2 sm, respectively. Karyotype of

accession no. 15 has the smallest intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1)

value i.e. 0.23, so has the highest proportion of metacentric chromosomes.

Karyotype of accession no. 149 has the smallest interchromosomal

asymmetry index (A2) value i.e. 0.09, shows the smallest deviations

(dispersion) of the chromosome size. The research result is expected to open

up research opportunities that lead to the utilization of wild relatives of sweet

potato as potential genetic source in supporting the sweet potato breeding

programs.

Key Words : karyotype, wild relatives of sweet potato, I. trifida,

chromosome


AGPT017

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND NPK

FERILIZER ON NPK AND NICKEL (Ni) UPTAKE AND

YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE ON ULTISOLS

MOROWALI

Siti Mariam 1),

Syafruddin 2)

& Aisyah D. Suyono 3)

1). Lecture of Soil Sience and Land Resources Department, Faculty of

Agriculture,

Univbersitas Padjadjaran.

2). Research staff of Assement Agriculture Technology, Central

Sulawesi.

3). Professor of Soil Sience and Land Resources Department,

Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Padjadjaran.

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation systems

and NPK fertilization on N, P, K, Ni uptake and yield of lowland rice.

This experiment was carried out at farmers field on lowland of

aciditic Ultisols in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. The

experiment consisted of three main factor level of flooded system, i.e.:

stagnant at 5 cm water depth as long as growth (t1); intermittent

irrigation with flooded for five days and two days without irrigated

(t2); and third level at saturated or submerged condition as long as

growth (t3). NPK fertilizers as secondary factor consisted of four

level, i.e.: 250 kg ha-1

Urea + 75 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 100 kg ha-1

KCl

(p1); 187.5 kg ha-1

Urea + 50 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 75 kg ha-1

KCl (p2); 125

kg ha-1

Urea + 37.5 kg ha-1

SP 36 + 50 kg ha-1

KCl (p3); 62.5 kg ha-1

Urea + 25 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 25 kg ha-1

KCl (p4), were arranged in a

Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The

results showed that the irrigation system and NPK fertilization could

increase N, P, K uptake, growth and yield of rice, and could decrease

Ni solubility and its uptake on aciditic soils of lowland in the

Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi.

Keywords: Irrigation, uptake of N,P,K and nickel, acid soil and wetland rice


AGPT018

THE TRADE LIBERALIZATION EFFECT ON THE

SMALLHOLDER DAIRY CATTLE IN JAVA

Hasni Arief

Laboratory of Livestock Ekonomic

Fakulty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung-Indonesia

e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of trade liberalization policies on the dairy

cattle smallholder in the Java. The existence of this trade liberalization policy will

certainly affect the production and price of fresh milk and fresh milk demand by the

IPS. Therefore, before analyzing the effect caused by the policy, the factors influence

production and prices of fresh milk and fresh milk demand by the IPS be analyzed.

The analysis of them done by corection models (ECM), and analysis of the effect of

trade liberalization policies by simulation models. The effect caused by the policy will

certainly affect the distribution of welfare, which for this was analyzed by using the

calculation of producer and consumer surplus. This study used secondary data,

1988—2007 period, whichever period were 2 (two) groups, namely : 1) the period

from 1988—1997, the condition of protection policies (the import ratio and import

tariff of raw material of milk 5%) applied; and 2) the period from 1998—2007, the

condition of trade liberalization policies (removal ratio and reduction of import tariff

of raw material of milk 0%) applied. The results of ECM showed that the amount of

lactating dairy cattle significantly affected the production of fresh milk in both the

short and long term.The same is the demand equation model of fresh milk by the IPS.

The results showed that the price of fresh milk, total solid (the quality of milk), and

exchange rates significantly affected the demand of fresh milk by IPS in both the

short and long term; whereas the analysis on the equation models of IPS export of

processed milk showed that import of processed milk significantly affected on the

export of IPS processed milk, although significant in the short term. For the equation

model of fresh milk price showed that the price of import raw material of milk

unsignificantly affect the price of fresh milk. Furthermore, the analysis of simulation

models showed that trade liberalization po;icies have a negative impact on the

production of fresh milk but a positive impact on the price of fresh milk, the demand

of fresh milk by IPS, and IPS export of processed milk. The price of fresh milk, the

demand of fresh milk by IPS, and IPS export of processed milk will be increased

respectively: 702.48%; 334.42%; and 119.56%. The results of distribution of

welfare from the stakeholders (farmer of dairy cattle and IPS) domestic dairy at the

conditions of trade liberalization policies be applied better than the conditions of

protection policies.

Keywords: trade liberalization policies, tariff barrier, non tariff barriers, producer

surplus and consumers surplus.




AGPT019*

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL IN SITU

DUE TO USED OF COMMERCIAL DECOMPOSER AND

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

Soni Isnaini1, Ainin Niswati2, dan Maryati1

1. Departement Agroecotechnologi STIPER Dharma Wacana Jl.

Kenanga No. 3 Mulyojati 16C Kota Metro 34125; 08127965792;

[email protected]; 2. Departement Soil Agricultural Faculty

UNILA Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Gedung Meneng Bandar

Lampung 35147

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to obtain the best of combination

commercial decomposer (CD) and irrigation management (IM) to

support the decomposition of organic material in situ (OMIS), and

content of total-N and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research

carried out by using the method single factor in the design of complete

randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e.: CD Beka + IM

intermittent, CD Beka + IM aerobe, CD ABG-Degra + IM

intermittent, and CD ABG-Degra + IM aerobe with 6 replication.

Field trials on rice field in Kedaloman village, Gunung Alip sub-

district, district Tanggamus since April – July 2010. The results

showed that dry weight OMIS at 56 day after application (DAA) was

decreased 66,58% than 21 DAA, organic-N OMIS application CD

Beka + IM aerobe at 21 DAA was higher 14,86% than IM intermittent,

and lignin-N ratio at 56 DAA IM aerobe was higher 17,12% than IM

intermittent was used CD Beka. N-uptake by rice due to IM

intermittent was higher 11,26% and lower 12,87% than IM aerobe

on both CD Beka and CD ABG Degra, respectively.

Key words: Decomposer; Irrigation management; Organic matter



AGPT020

CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION OF

COOPERATIVE‟S VALUES WITH THE SUSTAINABLE

BUSINESS OF DAIRY FARMER

Lilis Nurlina

Lab Sociology and Extension of Animal Husbandry, Universitas

Padjadjaran 45363 Sumedang

Abstract

The research was conducted in Bandung Regency West Java

Propince. The objectives of research were to examine : (1) the

implementation of cooperative values on dairy farmer‘s cooperative;

(2) the sustainable business of cooperative member; (3) correlation

between the implementation of cooperative‘s value with business

sustainability of dairy farmer. This research was conducted by survey

verification. The sampling method of this research was held by

multistage cluster random sampling. The sample size for cooperative

were 4 and for respondent were amount 140 persons of dairy farmer

and 15 persons of key informan. The data was analyzed by using

correlation rank Spearman. Results of research showed that : (1) the

implementation of cooperative values was enough category ; (2) the

sustainable business of dairy farmer cooperative members was

enough category, if it seen from their capacity, equity and

sustainability; (3) the implementation of cooperative values has positif

correlation with business sustainability of cooperative member (rs =

0.535).

Keyword : Cooperative’s value, sustainable business, dairy farmer


AGPT021

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ADAPTIVE CAPABILITY

FARMERS OF CATTLE IN CIKATOMAS SUBDISTRIC

TASIKMALAYA DISTRICT

Unang Yunasaf, Sugeng Winaryanto & Adjat Sudradjat

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University

Email: unang.yunasaf @ yahoo.com; [email protected]

Abstract

The research aims to study: (1) The condition of social capital and

adaptive capacity of beef cattle farmers in Cikatomas sub district

Tasikmalaya district, (2) Make recommendations on the success of

programs encouraging the development of beef cattle, particularly in

terms of social capital and adaptive capacity of farmers in

Tasikmalaya district . The study was designed as a research survey,

with respondents as many as 30 farmers from 5 groups of farmers.

The results showed: (1) Social capital owned by respondents in large

part, that is equal to 66.67 percent is high; the remaining 33.33

percent is quite. The indicators of social capital are high are: group

dynamics and network, trust and solidarity, collective action and

cooperation, and social cohesion and inclusion; (2) the adaptive

ability of most farmers, as many as 70.00 percent is high. The

remaining 30.00 percent is quite. The farmers of beef cattle are

generally open to the changes initiated by either agent reformer, as

well as from local opinion leaders; and (3) Recommendations in

encouraging the development of the beef cattle in Tasikmalaya district

are: farmers to continue to be fostered within the group, agents

reformer, which consists of the extension worker and inseminator can

work well, over the support of formal and informal local leaders, and

running training programs that integrate resource development

activities providing farmers with inputs and the presence of strong

organizational support.

Keywords: social capital of farmers, farmers' adaptive capacity, the business of beef

cattle



AGPT022

ACIDITY AND TOTAL BACTERIA OF DAIRY

WASTEWATER SOLID AND CASSAVA WASTE FLOUR

MIXTURE FERMENTED BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AS

BROILER FEED

Eulis Tanti Marlina, Roostita L Balia & Yuli Astuti Hidayati

Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 Sumedang 45363

Tlp. (022) 7798241 Fax. (022) 7798212

Abstract

This research aim to know the effect of Dairy Waste Water Solid-

Cassaca Waste Mixed fermented by Aspergillus niger on pH and Total

Plate Count. This experimental research was arranged based on

Completly Randomized Design, with 4 treatment of inoculant doses :

0%, 0,4%, 0,5% and 0,6% and each of them was replicated 6 times,

with fermentation time 3 days. The data was statistically analized by

using Analize of Variance, then the different of treatment analized by

Duncan Multiple Range. The result of research showed that, 1)

Fermentation by Aspergillus niger highly significant (P<0,01)

decrease pH and Total Bacteria, 2) Inoculant doses 0,6% lowest

decrease of pH and total bacteria with pH 3,8 and decreasing of total

bacteria 84,4%. At low pH condition spoilage and patogen bacteria

stunted.

Keywords : Dairy Wastewater Solid, Cassave Waste Flour, A. niger, pH, Total

bacteria


AGPT023

ASSESSMANT OF DIVERSITY OF YAM (Dioscorea spp)

AND COCOYAM (Xanthosoma spp and Colocasia spp)

GERMPLASMS IN MOLUCCAS

Alfons, J.B., A. Rieuwpassa, & A. A. Rivaie

Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), Moluccas

Jl. Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga, Poka, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract

In Moluccas, yams (Dioscorea spp) and cocoyams (Xanthosoma spp

and Colocasia spp) have been utilized by the people as main staple

food sources by generations. These tuber crops have great potency to

support food security in the islands. However, to date only a little

documented information is available on yam and cocoyam

germplasms originated from the regions. A field study was carried out

to collect and identify a number of yam and cocoyam germplasms in

the districs of Western Southeast Moluccas, Southeast Moluccas, and

Central Moluccas from September up to October 2008. The present

study recorded that in the Western Southeast Moluccas, there were 11

accessions of yam and 4 accessions of cocoyam. Meanwhile, in the

Southeast Mollucas there were 6 accessions of yam. In the Central

Moluccas, there were 17 accessions of yam and 6 accessions of

cocoyam. All accessions found during the study were characterized.

The initial characterization showed that both yam and cocoyam

accessions have a great enough diversity in color, shape and size of

the tubers. Afterwards, the germplasms were kept in the Makariki

Experimental Station, Central Moluccas for further characterization,

selection and evaluation.

Keywords: exploration, documentation, germplasm, yams, cocoyams


AGPT024*

THE ABILITY OF PANDANUS HANDICRAPT

INDUSTRY IN TASIKMALAYA TO DEVELOP HIS

BUSINESS SCALE

Eti Suminartika

Email: [email protected]; Agricultural Faculty, Padjadjaran

University, Jl Raya Jatinangor Km 21 Ujungberung BANDUNG 40

600-INDONESIA HP: 0858 6161 1005, 0821 1900 7050

Abstract

Pandanus handicraft industry is commonly small scale industry, the

industry is the source of job and income for many people, the industry

is less develop than high scale industry, one of the problem of small

scale industry is limited of capital. The general objective of this study

is to investigate the role of industry capital. Further there are three

specific objectives. First, this study is to estimate the ability of the

industry to generate capital formation. Second, it is carried out to

analyze the effect of industry working capital to industry‘s output.

Lastly, it is done to analyze the ability of the industry to develop his

business scale. In this study, the ability of the industry to generate

capital formation and the ability of the industry to develop his

business scale, estimated by mathematic analysis. Production model

of industry is used to estimate the effect of industry working capital to

industry‘s output. The results of this study show that the industry has

an ability to generate capital formation. Industry working capital has

low effect to industry‘s output. Lastly, the industry has low ability to

develop his business scale



AGPT025

COULD GEOJUTE EFFECTIVE TO CONTROL

EROSION AND RUN OFF ON AREAS WITH VARIOUS

LAND SLOPE?

Nurpilihan Bafdal

Agriculture Industrial Technolog Faculty - Universitas Padjadjaran,

Sumedang 45363, West Java Indonesia

Abstract

Geojute is woven from a heavy, 100 percents jute yarn with a coarse, open

mesh structure, and is the ideal erosion control material for land slope.

Advantage of geojute are as follows: (1) jute is a natural fiber that breaks

down in one to two year and is not alien to the (natural) environment; (ii)

decomposed of jute provides a nontoxic product which adds rich organic

nutrients to the soil; (iii) the coarse yarn of jute matting prevents excessive

water flow washing a way soil and seed from the land slopes and (iv) geojute

is flexible enough to follow soil surface. Application of geojute on soils is

another alternative engineering for reducing soil erosion during the early

stages of crop growth especially those crops which need a longer time for full

canopy cover to develop. Combination of geojute with cover crops such as

grasses and legumes will have a significant impact in reducing the effect of

raindrops on soil structure and therefore increase infiltration capacity,

reduce run off velocity and absorbs water. The purpose of the experiment

was to study on the effect of geojute with cover crop grasses and legumes to

control erosion and run off on various sloping land. A field experiment was

done at the Agricultural Experiment and Development Station in Arjasari

West Java, Indonesia. The experimental design employed was Split Plot

Design with two factors respectively: combination of geojute with cover

crops and degree of land slopes. Research results show that erosion and run

off significantly increased with increase of slope gradient except when the

soil was covered by geojute combined with grass in significant soil loss

occurred. Soil covered with geojute combined with grass gave the least run

off and was significantly different as compared with other treatments.

Keywords: geojute, soil cover, erosion, run off.


AGPT026

EFFECT OF THE BOTANICAL PROTECTANT POWDER ON

Callosobruchus maculatus ATTACK IN MAINTAINING THE

VIABILITY AND VIGOUR OF MUNGBEAN SEED AFTER

THREE MONTHS STORAGE.

Anne Nuraini*, M. Kadapi* and Nuraini**

Faculty of Agriculture The University of Padjadjaran

Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor Bandung


* Lecturers of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD

** Alumni of The Faculty of Agriculture UNPAD

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effect of botanical

protectant on Callosobruchus maculatus attack in maintaining the

viability and vigour of mungbean seed after three months storage.

This Experiment was carried out from February until May 2006 at

Seed Technology Laboratory of The Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java.

Experiment design used was Randomized Completely Design (RCD)

with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were :

without botanical protectant, pepper powder 5 %, pepper powder

10 %, ginger powder 5 %, ginger powder 10 %, cayenne powder 5 %,

and cayenne powder 10 %. The result of experiment showed that the

usage of botanical protectant powder gave a significant effect on all

parameters after one month until three months storage, except for

weight of 100 seeds and germination that were not affected

significantly after one month of storage. The botanical protectant of

pepper powder 5 % was the best and effective treatment for solving

the Callosobruchus maculatus attack in maintaining the viability and

vigour of mungbean seed after three months storage.

Key words : botanical protectant, Callosobruchus maculatus. viability,

vigour, mungbean seed


AGPT027

INFLUENCE OF FLOODING LEVELS ON CHANGES

IN C, N CONTENTS AND WEIGHT OF RICE STRAW IN

PADDY SOIL

Soni Isnaini1 & A. Arivin Rivaie

2

1Agro-ecotechnology STIPER Dharma Wacana Metro

Jl. Kenanga 3, Mulyojati 16 C, Metro, e-mail: [email protected] 2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP), Mollucas

Jl. Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga, Poka, Ambon, Maluku


Abstract

To date in Indonesia, only a few studies have been done on the effect

of flooding on the litter decomposition in paddy soils. A glasshouse

study was carried out to investigate the effects of different flooding

levels (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm) on the carbon (C), nitrogen (N)

contents and weight of rice straw incorporated in a paddy soil. A bulk

sample of soil was collected from paddy field at soil depth of 010 cm,

in Metro, Lampung in June, 2008. The results showed that C content

of the rice straw at the beginning of the trial was 33 – 40%. These

values decreased 2 weeks after flooding, and then the values tended to

return to the initial values 8 weeks after flooding for all flooding

levels. Meanwhile, the N content at the beginning of the trial was

0.56-0.60%. The N content values for all flooding levels increased

with increasing time of observation (1.34-1.48%). The C-to-N ratios

at the beginning of the trial significantly decreased 8 weeks after

flooding for all flooding levels. Furthermore, flooding level of 2.5 cm

gave the lowest weight of rice straw 8 weeks after flooding, whereas

flooding level of 10.0 cm gave the highest weight of rice straw,

suggesting that the lesser the flooding level, the faster the litter

decomposition rate. This confirms other findings that at the depth of

1-2 cm below water surface of a paddy field are an aerobic zone,

where the litter decomposed most rapidly.

Keywords: flooding levels, decomposition, rice straw



AGPT028

THE USE OF SUBSOIL ADDED WITH COMPOST AND

ARBUSCULAR MYCHORRIZAL FUNGI AS PLANT

MEDIUM ON GROWTH OF PALM OIL SEEDLING.

Cucu Suherman*, Anne Nuraini*, & Lenatalia Waty**






Abstract

The experiment was conducted to obtain the best combination of dosage

arbuscular mychorrizal fungi (AMF) and the mixture of subsoil and compost

as plant medium on growth of palm oil seedling (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

cultivar Sungai Pancur 2 (SP 2) in pre-nursery. The experiment was

conducted at The Experiment station, Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran

University, Jatinangor. The altitude was 753. 96 m above sea level, the type

of soil was Inceptisol with pH of 5.7. According to Schmidt and Ferguson

(1951) the type of rainfall is type C. The experiment began from July until

November 2007. Randomized Block Design (RDB) was used in this

experiment, and it consisted of eight treatments with four replications. The

treatments were as follow: topsoil, subsoil, subsoil + empty fruit bunch (EFB)

compost of palm (1:1), subsoil + compost (1:1), subsoil + EFB compost of

palm (1:1) + AMF 10 g, subsoil + compost (1:1) + AMF 10 g, subsoil + EFB

compost of palm (1:1) + AMF 15 g, subsoil + compost (1:1) + AMF 15 g.

The result of the experiment showed that the dosage of arbuscular

mychorrizal fungi (AMF) 10 g and subsoil and the EFB compost (1:1)

mixture gave good effect on height of seedling, leaf area, number of leaves,

volume of root, length of root, root infection of AMF percentage, and

seedling total dry weight

Key words : AMF, subsoil, empty fruit bunch compost of palm oil , UNPAD

compost, Palm Oil.



AGPT029

NUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF GECKO‟S FLESH

(Gekko spp)

Prastiwi1, A., D. Yudhabuntara

2, W. S. Nugroho

2& D.A. Widiasih

2

1Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Universitas Gadjah Mada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine,

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no. 2, Karangmalang,

Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

e-mail address : [email protected]

Abstract

Recently, gecko‘s flesh used as a raw material in alternative medicine.

Consumer believes that a gecko‘s flesh had higher efficacy in

treatment. The composition of gecko‘s flesh has never been published.

The aim of this study was to identify the nutritional content of gecko‘s

flesh, which includes the content of carbohydrates, protein, fat, crude

fiber, water and ash. One hundred geckos without differentiated sex

were slaughtered and skinned. Gecko‘s flesh samples were obtained

by flesh separation technique from the bone and then were put into

plastic and analyzed. Analysis of nutrient content of gecko‘s flesh was

conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural

Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Proximate

analysis for nutrient contents of gecko‘s flesh samples were conducted

by applying micro-Kjeldahl method (protein), Soxhlet (fat), by

difference (carbohydrates), acid-base (crude fiber), thermogravimetri

(water), and muffle furnace (ash). Gecko‘s flesh nutritional content

showed that the carbohydrate (3.21±2.10%) and protein

(21,42±2,20%) were higher than general meat (cow, buffalo, goat,

chicken, and duck) but gecko‘s fat content was 1.28± 0.28% lower

than general meat. Crude fiber (0,45±0,13%) and Ash (1,46±1,37%)

in gecko flesh were similar with other meats.

Keywords : gecko’s flesh, content, nutrition, proximaet.


AGPT030

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DENDROBIUM

SPECTABILE ORCHID PROTOCORM TO VARIOUS

COMBINATION ALTERNATIVE MEDIA IN VITRO

Wieny H.Rizky, E. Hamidin & Nuraini

Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty of Padjadjaran

University

Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km.21 Bandung 40600

E- mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The use of alternative materials in culture media on Dendrobium

spectabile orchid in vitro propagation was applied to deal with the

high operational cost in that propagation. The aim of this research

was to obtain the composition of in vitro alternative media that give

the best effect to the growth of Dendrobium spectabile orchid

protocorm. The experiment was carried out at Tissue Culture

Laboratory of Seed Technology, Faculty Agriculture, Padjadjaran

University. Dendrobium spectabile orchid protocorms were used as

culture material in this experiment. The experimental design that was

used was fully randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions.

The treatments consist of various combinations between hyponex

foliar fertilizer media and organic materials, which are yeast extract

and sweet potato. The result of the experiment showed that hyponex

foliar fertilizer media with concentration 1g.L-1

which was combined

with yeast extract at concentration 1 g.L-1

and 1.25 g.L-1

, on variables

of number of leaves, plantlet height, numbers of roots, root length,

and plantlet fresh weight gave the better effect than other treatments

of media.

Keywords: Protocorm, Dendrobium spectabile, hyponex, yeast extract, sweet potato



AGPT031

THE INFLUENCE OF HULLING EFFICIENCIES OF

DECORTICATED GRAINS OF THE GENOTYPE 1.1 SORGHUM

AND CONDITIONING TIME BY STEEPING WATER ON YIELD

AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM FLOUR

Carmencita Tjahjadi*, Tjutju S Achyar* & M.Sanusi Gani**

* Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology, Universitas

Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia

Abstract

Sorghum is one of the minor cereals that have the potential to reduce

Indonesia's dependence on imported wheat flour. Flour is a milling product

that has a particle size of more than 80 meshes. In milling cereals, yield and

characteristics of flour are affected by cultivar, hulling efficiency and

conditioning of decorticated grain sorghum before the milling process.

Genotype 1.1 sorghum was used because it is a white sorghum, possesing a

low tannin content. The purpose of this research was to find the proper

hulling efficiency and conditioning period (by steeping in water) of

decorticated grain of the genotype 1.1 sorghum to produce the best yield and

characteristics of flour exceeding 80 mesh. The method used was

experimental descriptive method, consisting of hulling efficiency and

conditioning time (steeping in water) with 4 treatments and 2 repetitions. The

results showed that the flour above 80 mesh produced from decorticated

grains with a 24,25% hulling efficiency and 3 hours steeping period was the

best, producing yield 88,40%, milling loss 1,00%, seiving loss 2,53%, bright

greenish yellow color (L* = 85,17, a* = -0, 61, b* = 3,28), bulk density 0,59

g/mL, moisture 10,84%, ash 0,31%, fat 2,64%, protein 8,03%, total

carbohydrates 78,18%, and starch 64,01 %. The wholemeal sorghum flour

(20 mesh up to 120 mesh) 99,00% yield, bright greenish yellow (L * = 87,80,

a * = -0,74, b * = 3,48), bulk density 0,59 g/mL, and moisture 9,58%, ash

0,37%, fat 2,38%, protein 8,59%, total carbohydrates 79,08%, and starch

68,47%. Bulk density of the 21-40 mesh, 41-60 mesh, 61-80 mesh were

higher than that of wholemeal and above 80 mesh fractions, respectively 0,83,

0,62, and 0,71 g/ml, which could be due to germ and bran fractions. Lower

hulling efficiency and shorter steeping times resulted in lower ash and fat

contents.

Keywords: sorghum flour, steeping period, hulling efficiency.


AGPT032

MERISTEM CULTURE Vanda packchongblue IN VITRO

Erni Suminar1, Anne Nuraini

1, Syariful Mubarok

1, Yati Supriati

2,

Rossa Yunita2, Megawaty Handayani Situmorang

3

1 Staf of Agriculture Faculty Padjadjaran University

2 Researcher of BB-BIOGEN

3 Researcher Assistant of

Agriculture Faculty Padjadjaran University

Abstract

A method for micropropagation of the orchid species Vanda

packchongblue through meristem culture was elaborated. It was used

in this study to induce shoot, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and callus.

The meristem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS)

and Vacin and Went (VW) basal medium with 3 % (w/v)sucrose.

Various types of plant growth regulators such as kinetin, GA3, 6-

benzyladenine (BAP), and zeatin with different concentrations were

used to study the effects of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on

PLBs, shoot and callus induction. For shoot induction, explants of

apical meristems from maturity plants were successfully used. The

results showed that shoot induction were carried out on media MS

containing 3 mgL-1

kinetin + 7 mg L-1

GA3, protocorm like bodies

(plb) induction on media VW containing 3 mgL-1

kinetin + 7 mg L-1

GA3, for plb and callus multiplication on media MS + 0.05 mg L-1

2,4-D + 1 mg L-1

BAP. The greatest of percentage explants produced

microshoot, shoot number, and leaf number from protocorm like

bodies was medium MS with 2 mg L-1

BAP.

Key words: Vanda packchongblue, in vitro, meristem culture


AGPT034

THE FROG WASTE-PRODUCT MEAL (Rana cancrivora)

IN RATIONS ON BROILER FINAL BODY WEIGHT,

CARCASS WEIGHT AND PROTREIN EFFICIENCY

BALANCE

Tuti Widjastuti

1),

Sjafril Darana

2),

Risda Siswantoyo

3)

1Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang

45363,Indonesia 2Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang

45363,Indonesia 3Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang

45363,Indonesia Corresponding E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

The research was held to find out the effect and optimal of adding frog

waste-product meal (Rana cancrivora) in ration on the final body weight,

carcass weight and protein efficiency balance of broiler. The research used

100 broiler day old chicken, were devided into twenty cages, and each unit

cage consists of five broiler chickens. The research was conducted with

experimental method of Completely Randomized Design with five treatments,

where each treatment was repeated four times and each repeated consist of

five broiler chicks. The treatmens consist of one ration without of frog waste-

product meal (R0), and each level of ration contains frog waste-product meal

R1 (3.5 percent),R2 (7percent), R3 (10.5percent) and R4 (14 percent). Variable

analyses were final body weight, carcass weight and protein efficiency

balance of broiler. Conclusion of research showed that by using the frog

waste-product meal until 10.5 percent level in ration,were still able to

support a good result on broiler final body weight (R0=1685.84 gram,

R1=1653.10 gram, R2 = 1635.41 gram, R3= 1541.16 gram,

R4=949.1gram ),carcass weight (R0=1095.80 gram, R1=1074.51gram, R2=

1063.02 gram,R3= 1001.75 gram, R4= 718.91 gram) and protein efficiency

balance (R0 =2.69, R1=2.72, R3 =2.50, R3=2,61 and R4=1.90.)

Key words : frog waste meal product , final body weight, carcass weight, protein

efficiency balance



AGPT035

DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT

NATIVE CHICKEN SELECTION METHOD AND

TESTING POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY

Marina Sulistyati, Munandar Sulaeman & Kundrat Hidayat

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran-Bandung

Abstracts

The purpose of this study were:1) Identify local knowledge system of

selection of chicken;

2) Test of local knowledge systems confirm the selection of chicken

with the system of scientific knowledge, meant for the purpose of

development of scientific knowledge, especially in order"context of

discovery" of ascientific discovery that could be developed for thes

cientific community; 3)Test the application of local knowledge

systems with productivity; 4)Knowing the public response to the

native chickens result of selection of local knowledge systems. Object

of research is 30 people chicken farmers who are used to perform

selection in breed selection, based on his knowledge. Technical

determination of respondents was purposive sampling. The research

method used in this study is a case study with the technical PRA

(Participation Rural Appraisal) participation of members of the group

through a pattern of FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The results of

the study:1.Local knowledge systems conceptualized by Catur Rangga.

2.The test results confirm the parameters of poultry based on the

selection of local knowledge systems largely in line with modern

knowledge systems and between both of them showed any

relevance.3.The results of application of test selection of local

knowledge systems with the production of eggs showed no

significantly different.4.Most members of the group (90%) and not the

group to respond positively to the local knowledge system.

Key words: localknowledge, catur rangga,productivity


AGT036

GLUCOSE AND TRIGLYCERIDES CONTENT OF DUCK

BLOOD AS THE EFFECT OF KOMBUCHA FERMENTATION

Novi Mayasari, Lovita Adriani & Angga Kurniawan

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung-Indonesia


Abstract

Inhibition of the body's synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and muscle

tissue will determine the content of glucose and triglycerides in the

blood. Previous research showed that Kombucha fermentation to

100ml or about 25% of drinking water can increase high-density

lipoprotein (HDL) and lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) and

also total cholesterol of duck blood. Kombucha tea is a fermented tea

beverage produced by fermenting sugared black tea with tea fungus

(kombucha). Kombucha is tea polyphenols which includes epicatechin

glucoronate acid and niacin that have been reported to possess

various biological activities. The objective of this study was to test the

influence of Kombucha fermentation of glucose and triglycerides

content of duck blood. This research was conducted using

experimental methods with a Completely Randomized Design

(CRD). Rations and drinking water provided ad libitum. Kombucha

fermentation was fed orally for 30 days (8 a.m.) using five different

doses. Those five doses act as five treatments (control = R0 (normal),

R1=40ml, R2=60ml, R3=80ml and R4=100ml doses of Kombucha

fermentation) with four replications. The results showed that blood

triglycerides were decreased significantly with all treatments

compared to the control. The lowest blood triglycerides were found in

R4 or by increasing doses of Kombucha fermentation about 100 ml is

about 107.47 mg/dl. However, there were no significant difference of

blood glucose value were found between all treatments. It can be

concluded that Kombucha fermentation could influence (reduce) the

body‘s synthesis of lipid in general include cholesterol, lipoprotein,

and triglycerides.

Keywords: kombucha fermentation, glucose, triglycerides, and ducks.


AGPT037*

CHARACTERISTIC OF COWPEA TEMPE-LIKE

PRODUCT FERMENTED WITH COMMERCIAL

Rhizopus sp MIXED CULTURE

Winda Haliza, Iceu Agustinisari & Endang Yuli Purwani

Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No.12 Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu

Bogor

Abstract

Tempe is one of indigenous food in Indonesia mostly made from

soybean by fermentation with Rhizopus sp culture. Future studies

discover, tempeh can made from the order bean not only soybean, one

of the potentially is cowpeas. The aim of this research is

characterization of Tempe like product made from cowpeas which

fermentation by commercial mixed culture. Dehulled cowpea ware

soaked, boiled and fermented with rhizopus mixed culture at room

temperature for 24 hours and then tempeh were characterized about

their chemical properties, texture and sensory parameters. Results

showed that cowpea Tempe had similar characteristic with soybean

tempe in texture qualities, chemical and amino acid compositions and

sensory properties of the tempe were well accepted by panelist.

Expected outcome from this research are strengthen facilitating

progress toward the common goal of enhanced food security.

Key words: Cowpea, Tempe, Rhizopus sp.


AGPT038

THE RELEASE OF PREDATOR Menochilus sexmaculatus

FABRICIUS (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae) AND Paederus fuscipes

CURTIS (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) TO CONTROL Bemisia tabaci

Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) ON HYDROPONIC TOMATO

Sudarjat1, T. Sunarto

1 and Y. Ginanjar

2

1Department of Agrotechnology-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 2Alumnus of Agricultural Faculty-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest that attacks

various species of plants, including ornamental plants, vegetables, fruits and

weeds. B. tabaci has become a major pest on hydroponic tomato. There are

some potential predators to control B. tabaci. They are Menochilus

sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae) and Paederus fuscipes

Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). This study aimed to obtain the predator

density (per plant) and to know the best release interval of the predator M.

sexmaculatus and P. fuscipes that effective in suppressing B. tabaci

population on hydroponics tomato. The research used Randomized Complete

Block Design, consisting of ten treatments and three replications. The

treatments are: A (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per plant at intervals of 4

weeks), B (a pair of M. sexmaculatus per plant at intervals of 6 weeks), C (a

pair of M. sexmaculatus per 2 plants at interval of 4 weeks), D (a pair of M.

sexmaculatus per 2 plants at intervals of 6 weeks), E (a pair of P. fuscipes

per plant at intervals of 4 weeks), F (a pair of P. fuscipes per plant at

intervals of 6 week), G (a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 4

weeks), H (a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 6 weeks), I (a pair

of M. sexmaculatus + 1 pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of 4

weeks), J (a pair of M. sexmaculatus + a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at

intervals of 6 weeks), and K (Control). The result showed that the release of

a pair of M. sexmaculatus + a pair of P. fuscipes per 2 plants at intervals of

4 weeks can reduced nymphs of B. tabaci population by 68.30% at week 7

after the first release. This was the highest level of suppression compared

with other treatments.

Keywords: Bemisia tabaci, hydroponic Tomato, Menochilus sexmaculatus,

Paederus fuscipes, release.


AGPT040

POTENCY OF NEMATODES Steinernema spp.

(RHABDITIDA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) AS A

CONTROLLER FRUIT FLY (BactroceradorsalisComplex)

(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE).

Agus Susanto*, Toto Sunarto* and Bait Ridwan Amin**

*Lab. Entomologi, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases,


Abstract

Fruit flyis one ofthe main pests on vegetables and fruits in Indonesia.

One alternative that is safe for the environment control is by the use of

nematodes Steinernemaspp. This experiment aimed to obtain the

density of nematodes Steinernema spp, which canprovide the highest

mortality of fruit fly pupae. The experiment was conducted from

October 2010 to Marc 2011, in the Nematologi Laboratory,

Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University. The research was conducted with experime

method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six

treatments and four replications with nematode densities of

Steinernema spp of 200 JI ml-1

, 400 JI ml-1

, 600 JI ml-1

,800 JI ml-1

,

1000 JI ml-1

, and control. The results showed that the density of

nematodes Steinernema spp.of 1000 JI ml-1

causing mortality of fruit

flies of 43.75% and can cause low adult emergence of 56.25%.

Steinernema spp. has the potential to be developed ascontrol agents of

fruitflies.

Keywords: potency, Steinernemaspp., controller, BactroceradorsalisComplex


AGPT041

IMPACT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)

IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST RODENTS‟ POPULATION IN

THE STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

(A case study in PT. Medion, Padalarang)

Bari1, I. N., A. D. Permana

2 & W.D. Natawigena

1

1Lab. Pests Vertebrate-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363,

Indonesia, 2School of Life Sciences & Technology-Institut Teknologi Bandung

40132, Indonesia.

Abstract

The use of rodenticides was the single action to control rodents at

storage of agricultural products in PT. Medion, Padalarang-West

Java before conducting this research. In this study has been carried

implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rodents by

applying other control components such as organizing of manager,

rehabilitating of environmental, trapping of rat and mice, introducing

of Tyto alba and improving technic applications of rodenticides. The

success of IPM was measured by comparing population abundance

(Hayne's method). Supporting research that has been done in the

application of IPM was the identification of species and sex ratio. The

results of rodents‘ identification found 3 rodents species, they were

house rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout), roof rat (Rattus rattus

Linn.) and house mice (Mus musculus Linn.). The sex ratio of rodents

were ♂1: ♀1.48 (house rat), ♂1:♀1.76 (roof rats) and ♂1:1.24 ♀

(house mice). The larger proportion of females is potentially resulting

population explosion in the future. The results showed that the

abundance of rodents after IPM tended to decrease. During the four-

month during study period, population abundance in a row was 60, 50,

41 and 21.

Keywords: IPM, rodent, rats, mice and storage of agricultural products


AGPT042

RAIN-HARVESTING AGRICULTURE TO BOOST

LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY FOR 34 MILLION

PEOPLE IN THE BIGGEST LOESS PLATEAU

You-Cai Xiong, Zheng Zheng




Abstract























Keywords: Rain-harvesting agriculture, food security, field productivity,

sustainability.



AGPT043

EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER (Azotobacter sp. AND

Azospirillum sp.) AND WATER MANAGEMENT ON N

UPTAKE, GROWTH AND YIELD OF PADDY RICE

Danapriatna1,N., Y. Sastro

2, R. Hindersah

3, T. Nurmala

3 & T.

Simarmata3

1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam "45", Bekasi 17113,

Indonesia, 2

Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology(BPTP)

Jakarta 12540, Indonesia, 3 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang

45363, Indonesia.

Abstract

An experiment to study the effect of biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp. and

Azospirillum sp.) and water management on N uptake, growth and

yield of paddy rice was conducted from August to December 2010 in

greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The

research was set up as randomized block design with factorial pattern

and 4 replications. The first factor is inoculation of biofertlizer and

the second factor is the water management. Isolates used were

superior resulted from screening of Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum

sp. from wet land rice rhizosphere. The isolates were Azotobacter

chroococcum ND9.3 and Azospirillum irakense ND14. The

experimental result revealed that inoculation of Azospirillum sp. and

Azotobacter sp., either single or mixture, increased the population of

both bacteria and plant N uptake. Shoot dry weight and plant N

uptake of rice planted in muddy and flooded were higher than at field

capacity. The effect of biofertilizer inoculation on rice yield depend on

water management. Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation

stimulated the increase of rice yield in muddy and flooded soil.

Keywords: Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Biofertilizer, N fixation, Rice


AGPT044

EFFECT OF CATTLE AND HORSES FECES MIXTURE

OF BIOGAS FORMATION PROCESS ON SLUDGE

QUALITY

Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Tb.Benito A.K.,Eulis Tanti Marlina.

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University,

Sumedang 45363,Indonesia

[email protected].

Abstract

This study aims to determine the influence of a mixture of feces of beef

cattle and horse feces on the formation of biogas to the quality of

sludge. The method used in this study is the experimental method in

the laboratory using a completely randomized design with three

treatments and six repetitions, ie P1 = C / N ratio of 25, P2 = C / N

ratio of 30 and P3 = C / N ratio of 35. To determine the effect of

treatments, data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test. The

results showed that the mixture of feces of beef cattle and horse feces

significantly affected the content of N, P2O5 and K2O. Treatment of C /

N ratio of 35 (P3) produced the highest N content (0.4817%), P2O5

(0.4383% and K2O (0.3253%).

Key words: beef cattle feces, feces of horses, anaerobic digestion, sludge, N, P2O5,

K2O



AGPT045

EFFECT OF BEEF CATTLE AND HORSE FECES

MIXTURE ON BIOGAS AND SLUDGE PRODUCTIONS

Tb.Benito A. Kurnani., Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Eulis Tanti Marlina.

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang

45363,Indonesia

[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

The objective of this study is to find out the effect of the mixtures of

beef cattle feces and horse feces on the production of biogas and

sludge. This study was performed by using experimental method based

on completely randomized design with three treatments, i.e. P1 = C/N

ratio of 25, P2 = C/N ratio of 30 and P3 = C/N ratio of 35. All

treatments were executed with six replications. To know the effect of

the treatments, data were analyzed by mean of ANOVA and to know

the different effect among treatments the data is then were analyzed

using Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test. The results show that the

mixtures of beef cattle feces and horse feces significantly (P<0.01)

increase biogas and sludge productions with the increasing of C/N

ratio. The treatment of C/N ratio of 35 (P3) provides the highest

biogas and sludge productions respectively of 147.6667 KJ and

10.1533 kg.

Key words :beef cattle feces, horse feces, anaerobic digestion, biogas, sludge




AGPT046*

THE RESPONSE OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS

IN GROWING DUCKS GIVEN PHYTATE IN DIET AND

LEAD (Pb) IN DRINKING WATER

Kamil K.A.1)

, R. Kartasudjana1)

, S. Iskandar2)

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung,

Indonesia

Animal Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia


Abstract

The experiment concerning the response of hematological indicators

in growing ducks given phytate in diet and lead (Pb) in drinking water

was conducted at the Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry,

Faculty of Animal Husbandry and the Laboratory of Chemistry

Material and Environment, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural

Science, Padjadjaran University. In this experiment, the response of

erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit in growing

ducks given phytate in diet and lead (Pb) in drinking water were

studied. These ducks were treated phytate and lead (Pb) since they

were old day duck (DOD) and they were caged for 16 weeks. The

experimental design was a completely randomized design with a

factorial pattern 3x3. Three dietary treatments containing different

levels of phytate (0,15; 1,17 and 2,16%) and 3 levels of lead in

drinking water (0, 45 and 90 ppm) with 3 replication were applied.

The results showed that there was no interaction of phytate in diet and

lead in drinking water on erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and

hematocrit. The concentration of lead up to 90 ppm in drinking water

did not affect erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit.

Similarly, phytate content up to 2,16% in diet did not affect

erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit.

Key words: Response, hematological indicators, duck, phytate, lead



AGPT047

THE EFFECT OF FLASH EVAPORATION TO

LIPOXIGENASE ACTIVITY OF SOYBEAN MILK

Edy Subroto1 , Zuheid Noor

2, & Mary Astuti

2

1 Faculty of Agriculture Industrial Technology, Universitas

Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Gadjah Mada University,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

This research tried to reduce lipoxigenase activity of soybean milk by

flash evaporation. The research was divided into three parts. The first

part is the preparation of soybean milk with ratio 1: 3 (w/v). The

second part is the flash evaporation process with two factors; the first

factor is room temperature (30oC), 60

oC, and 80

oC; and the second

factor is vacuum pressure with variation 640, 660, and 680 mmHg.

These treatments were intended to reduce lipoxigenase activity that

causes the development of beany flavor. The third part is chemical

analysis included lipoxigenase activity and proximat analysis. The

result showed that flash evaporation at temperature 80oC with

vacuum pressure of 640 mmHg and temperature 80oC with vacuum

pressure of 680 mmHg, reduced the lipoxigenase activity of soybean

milk significantly, to 16,05% and 23,7% with specific activities of

61,30 and 55,65 unit abs 480nm Fe(CNS)3/g protein.minute

respectively. Flash evaporation decrease protein content to 18,70%,

but maintain fat content, however flash evaporation result the soybean

milk that fulfill the SNI requirements.

Key word: Soybean milk, Flash evaporation, Lipoxigenase, Temperature, and

Vacuum pressure


AGPT048

COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON

ECO-CULTURE TOURISM IN TANAH DATAR

REGENCY, WEST SUMATRA

Ricky Avenzora2, Tutut Sunarminto

2 and Nandi Koesmaryandi

3

1Senior Lector on Ecotourism Planning

2-3Lector on Conservation Area Management

Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism

The Faculty of Forestry

Bogor Agricultural University

Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia.

Emai: [email protected]

Abstract

Minangkabau in West Sumatra is one of the last matrilineal ethnic-

group in the world. In one hand, the rule on ―ancient belongings‖

(Harta Pusaka Tinggi) is safe the land-ownership and land-use

pattern in the area – which is leading the beauty scenic of nature and

culture still exist – but in the other hand it brings a serious problem

to the investor for tourism. A community based tourism approached

has been applied not only to bridge the problem but also to empower

the local people for involving actively on an eco-culture tourism

development in their area. The concept of ―one village one product‖

(OVOP) has been chosen to aims a collaborative eco-cultural

tourism image of the area. The results show that the awareness on

tourism potentials actually already there amongst the villagers,

however they still need many support on knowledge for being creative

genuinely using the potentials in each Nagari for a better eco-culture

tourism in the whole area.

Keywords: Minangkabau, West Sumatra, Eco-culture Tourism, Indonesia, OVOP.


AGPT049

Zn-FOLIAR APPLICATION INFLUENCE ON QUALITY AND

QUANTITY FEATURES IN Phaseolous vulgaris UNDER

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF N AND K FERTILIZERS

Mohammad Nasri

1& M. Khalatbari

2 &H. Aliabadi Farahani

3&F.Paknejad

4

1-Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Iran

2-Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Iran

3-Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-

Qods Branch, Iran

4- Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Iran

Abstract

This experiment was carried out using by a split plot design with four

replications to determination of Zn-foliar application influence on

quality and quantity features in Phaseolous vulgaris under different

levels of N and K fertilizers at Iran in 2010. The factors were included

nitrogenous fertilizer (250 kg urea/ha, 300 kg urea/ha and 350 kg

urea/ha) in main plots and subplots were included potassium fertilizer

and Zn-foliar application (120 kg K/ha, 6/1000 Zn-foliar application

and 120 kg K/ha whit 6/1000 Zn-foliar application together) that

sprayed by the results of soil analysis. Our data showed that N, K and

Zn-foliar application significantly affected Zn in pod, nitrate in pod,

carbohydrate percentage, carbohydrate yield, protein percentage,

protein yield, chlorophyll of leaf, radiation use efficiency, extinction

coefficient, number of plant in m2, number of cutting in plant, number

of pod in plant, number of pod in m2, number of seed in pod, 100 seed

weight, fresh pod yield, seed yield, biological yield, HI and plant

height. The results of this experiment showed that the Zn-foliar

application increased all features in bean and also, reduced N

fertilizer rate without reduction in more plant characteristics. The

results can be used in agronomy and increase the quantitative and

qualitative features for achieve to the sustainable agriculture.

Key words: Zn-foliar application, N and K fertilizers, quality and quantity features,

Phaseolous vulgaris L.


AGPT051

EFFECT OF DATE HARVESTING ON QUALITY AND

QUANTITY CHARACTERISTICS IN AUTUMN

GENOTYPES OF RAPESEED ( Brassica napus)

Pourang Kasraie1, M. Nasri2, M. Khalatbari3, A. Shirani

Rad4, J. Daneshian5, H. Tohidimoghadam6.

Ph.D. Candidate; Department of Agroecology, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran .

Associate professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran .

Agricultural Researcher, Iran

Research Professor Associate, Seed and Plant Improvement of Karaj Researching Institute, Seed

and Plant Improvement of Karaj Researching Institute,

Associate professor, Islamic Azad University. Takestan Branch, Iran .

Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University. Varamin Branch, Iran .

Abstract

Because of production of the agronomical plants specially oil seed, has

increased considerably during 20 years ago , however , yield average of

more agronomical plants in less than their potential.Rapeseed, having 40 to

45% oil , is one of the valuable oil seeds. Rapeseed oil has 61% oleic Acid

and 8/8% Linoleic Acid which its duality is better than the other oil seeds.In

order to evaluate the effect of different level of harvesting date in three

autumn genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus) a factorial field experiment ,

arranged in a Randomised complete Block design with three replication was

conducted in 2005–2006 in the research field of agricultural college of

varamin university .Analysis of data indicated that there were significant

differences in genotypes in Number of pod per plant , Number of grain per

pods , 1000 grain weight , grain yield , oil yield and Harvest index .

Maximum and Minimum grain yield was obtained from Hyola-42 and Zarfam

genotypes with 3670 and 2732.3 Kg/ha respectively. Harvesting date was

significant differences on Number of grains per pods, 1000 grain weight,

seed yield, oil percent, oil yield and harvest Index at the 1% level. The

greatest yield was obtained from T3 (two week after cloresis stage) with

average 2760 Kg/ha . Genotypes and harvesting date had significant effect

on oil percent. In third harvesting date due to reduce of yield, oil yield

reduced. Maximum of oil yield was obtained from second date of harvesting

with 1577. 9 Kg/ha. Hyola-42 and Zarfam with average 1586.95 and 1156.7

Kg/ha respectively had the best and lowest oil yield.

Keywords: Date harvesting, Genotype, Grain yield , Oil percent , rapeseed


AGPT052*

APPLICATIONS OF N, P, K AND Kompota+ BIO-ORGANIC

FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PIONEER-12

HYBRID CORN (Zea mays, L.) AT JATINANGOR

INCEPTISOL SOIL.

Siti Djasmara , Siti Maryam, Agus Wahyudin, Roni Mukhtar Taufieq.

2009.

Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung

Abstract

The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of N, P, K and

bio-organic fertilizer Kompota+ on the productivity of corn (Zea

mays, L.) Pioneer-12 variety at the Faculty of Agriculture

Padjadjaran University Experimental Station at Jatinangor. Trial was

carried out from March 2009 to June 2009 at the altitude of 754 m

above sea level. The experimental design used was Randomnized

Block with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments

were: A = Control (no fertilizer application), B = Recommendation

dosage of Kompota+ (500 kg/ha), C = Full dosage of N, P, K (300

kg/ ha Urea + 270 kg/ ha SP-20 + 75 kg/ ha KCl), D = ¼ dosage of

N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha Kompota+, E = ½ dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/

ha of Kompota+, F = ¾ dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha Kompota+,

G = Full dosage of N, P, K + 500 kg/ ha of Kompota+. The result of

the experiment showed that N, P, K and Kompota+ fertilizers at

Jatinangor Inceptisol soil have significant effects on plant height, leaf

area index, 100 seed dry weight and seed dry weight per plant and

seed dry weight per plot as compared to control (treatment A).

Treatment D = ¼ recommendation dosage of N, P, K (75 kg/ ha

Urea + 67,50 kg/ ha SP-20 + 18,75 kg/ ha KCl) + 500 kg/ ha

Kompota+ gave equally good results as compared to treatment C =

full dosage of N, P, K (300 kg/ ha Urea + 270 kg/ ha SP-20 + 75 kg/

ha KCl). These results meant that applications of Kompota+ bio-

organic fertilizer could reduce the volume of inorganic fertilizer

needed to obtain the same yields of corn.

Key words: Kompota+ bio-organic fertilizer, N, P, K, Zea mays Pioneer-12.


AGPT053*

SMALL ORGANIC FERTILIZER FACTORY

PROMOTION IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF

NORTHEAST THAILAND: POVERTY REDUCTION

AND TOWARD TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT

Phassakon Nuntapanich

Faculty of Agriculture, Ubonratchathani Rajabhat University,

Ubonratchathani 3400, Thailand.


Abstract

This research used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method

for promoting farmers to establishment of the small factory for

production of high quality organic fertilizer for services in the

community and nearby to reduce the cost and expense of farmers and

also help to promote and maintain quality of the environment. The

project was operated pilot study and implemented with a farmer

group in Sao-Reak village, Pha-Loa sub-district, Phana district,

Amnat Charoen province. The research found that farmers can

produce fertilizer for use in the community, not less than 70 tons per

year. Resulting in the production cost of farmers are decreased.

While the yield was not significantly different from the used of

chemical fertilizer. The farmers are participating in this project had

higher income than before participating the project. For the impact on

the environment are not clearly measurable, because the project start

on the year 2009 is the short time for measure impact in about that.

For suggestion should be the environmental impact study, which use

the long-term monitoring in the next time.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Self reliance, Agricultural extension, Sustainable

agriculture development.


AGPT055

THE EFFECT OF AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER DOSAGE AND

PLANTING DISTANCE ON ORGANIC CARBON, POPULATION OF

TOTAL BACTERIA, ACTYNOMICETES AND COMPONENTS

RICE GRAIN YIELDS (Oryza Sativa L) GROWN ON INCEPTISOLS

IN CILAJA BANDUNG.

Nurrobifahmi. SP

Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional, Jakarta 12070, Indonesia

Abstract

Rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important commodity crops in Indonesia,

however, domestic production may not meet the national needs, average farm

production has remained low. That should be the way in which rice cultivation may

increase the productivity of rice plants on a permanent basis with the principles of

quality and health of the soil of revitalization that can be done with the intensification

of control of aerobic rice based on organic technology (IPAT-BO) is a technology

that focuses on the use of biological energy of the soil management, fertilizing crop

management, and water management in an integrated and planned. The success of

organic rice cultivation technique based on highly dependent on the diversity of soil

biota that act as activators, dynamist and regulators in the system of energy flow and

nutrient supply to the rice field area. The aim of this research was conducted to find

out the effects of organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance on organic carbon,

population of soil total bacteria, Actynomicetes and rice grain yields (Oryza Sativa L)

held in the rice field area of Sindanglaya, in Bandung, West Java at elevation of ± 870

m above sea level. The research used split plot design experimental method with two

treatment factors, that are the first factor is the main plot of ―ABG Bios‖ organic

fertilizer consisted of four dosages; 0 g / plot, 80 g / plot, 160 g / plot, 240 g plot and

the second factor is sub plot planting distance which consisted of three levels; 25 cm x

25 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, and 35 cm x 35 cm each of them are repeated 3 times. The

results of this research showed that organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance

that was interacted on amount of generatif productive and rice grain yield. Aplication

organic fertilizer gave significant effect on population of soil total bacteria,

actynomicetes, but there is not significant effect on organic carbon. Planting distance

gave significant effect on plant height, amount of generatif and dry weight of root, but

there is not significant effect on organic carbon. The applications dosage organic

fertilizer 240 g / plot (600 kg / ha) combined with planting distance 25 cm x 25 cm

gave highest grain yield of rice which is 2,57 kg per plot (6,4 ton/ ha).

Keywords : Organic Fertilizer Dosage and Planting Distance


AGPT056

INVENTORY OF FUNGI PATHOGEN OF

MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana L.) IN

KECAMATAN PUSPAHIANG KABUPATEN

TASIKMALAYA.

Ceppy Nasahi1, Aep Randani

2, Toto Sunarto

1, Sri Hartati

1, Agus

Susanto1, dan Tohidin

1.

1Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran-Bandung

Abstract

Mangosteen is one of the considered Indonesia superior export

commodities. Kabupaten Tasikmalaya has been a popular centre of

mangosteen in the world and has high potention for mangosteen

orchard development. Information about pathogen which attack

mangosteen in Tasikmalaya needed for supporting culture of

manggosteen orchard. This research was aimed to conclude the

important pathogen and distribution of diseases in Kecamatan

Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. The method used in this

research was survey method with purposive random sampling.

Samples consisted of five location and chosen ten plant each location.

Samples observed for concluding type of disease, disease incidence,

and pathogen. The result showed that pathogens which attack

mangosteen are Pestalotia sp. (Leaf Blight), Helminthosporium sp.

(Leaf Blight), Capnodium sp. (Downy Mildew) and Corticium

salmonicolor (Upas fungal disease). Root rot disease was assumed

caused by Ganoderma sp. Leaf Blight, Stem Cancer, and Downy

Mildew were distributed in all area of Kecamatan Puspahiang

Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Root Rot and Jamur Upas only were found

in Desa Puspahiang and Pusparahayu. Important disease in

mangosteen orchard is Leaf Blight with disease incidence 30,5%.

Keyword : inventory, pathogen, mangosteen, Puspahiang-Tasikmalaya


AGPT058

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

COMPOUNDS SEX PHEROMONE SOF Cylasformicarius

Fab. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

Agus Susanto*, Unang Supratman** & Eka Srinovianti***

* Lab. Entomologi, Jurusan Hama& Penyakit Tumbuahan, Faperta

Unpad

** Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, Unpad

*** Alumni Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, Unpad

ABSTRACT

Cylasformicariusis amajorpestonsweet potato.The attacked tuber will

secrete a bitter specific smell and reduce the product up to

90%.Controliscarried outby farmersgives lesssatisfactory results, so

that the necessarycontrolsareeffective andenvironmentally friendly.

Alternativesthat have aprospectto be developedis the use

ofsexpheromones. Sexpheromoneis onetoolfor monitoringpest

populationsandboth canbe usedtosuppresspest. The purposeof this

studywas toisolateand characterize thesexpheromonecompound

ofC.formicarius. Isolation of sex pheromone was begun by cutting the

end of abdominal tip from virgin imago, extract was collected and

then extracted with n-hexane, extract was evaporated then it

waspurified by using column chromatography and guided laboratory

test using olfactometer tube. The most active fraction was

characterized by using GC,1H-NMR and

13C-NMR. Based on the

structure elucidation, the result obtained by the structure

determination of the sex pheromone mixture compounds, including

fatty ester groups with the molecular formula C19H36O2 and

C17H34O2with ratio 20:1 and activity 84 % used olfactometer tube.

Key words : isolation, sex pheromone, Seks, Cylas formicarius, Olfactometer


AGPT059

THE BROKER ROLE IN THE MARKETING OF

MANGOSTEEN IN PUSPAHIANG DISTRICT

TASIKMALAYA REGENCY *

Rani Savitri 1 & Yosini Deliana

2

1,2 Lab. Agribusiness Management – University Padjadjaran, Sumedang

45363, Indonesia


Abstract

Problem in mangosteen production center in Puspahiang Tasikmalaya were

concerning in the marketing from seller (farmers or assemblers) to buyer

(exportirs, big wholesalers, and other market agent). The problem was

mismatch between the concumers need and the availability of the product

especially in quality and quantity. This problem was captured by the broker

who works individually. The seller was lack of market and price information,

in other side the buyer did not have enought time for searching the best

quality and efficient cost. It was expected that the broker could be solved the

gap between buyer and seller.The purpose of this study is to understand the

role of broker in mangosteen marketing, to determind the benefit from broker

involment in distributing mangoesteen from seller to buyer, to find out what

are the economic and social benefit from the transaction. The study was

conducted in Puspahiang District, Tasikmalaya Regency, using case method.

Technical sampling method was snowball from 21 brokers. The seller may

sell through agent or broker, paying commision on sales.The study indicate

that there were three main role of brokers. First providing the market and

price information, second providing consultancy for improving the

mangosteen quality and quantity, third functioning as liaison. The farmer

when distribute mangosteen via broker gain profit Rp. 6.240.000,- per two

tons per one transaction, meanwhile the farmer who distribute mangosteen

without broker gain profit only Rp. 5.220.000,- per two tons per one

transcation. The other benefit was social benefit such as seller and buyer

more effective and efficient in the transaction.

Key words: Marketing, Broker Role, Transaction, and Mangoesteen



AGPT060

THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC FERTILIZER AND LIQUID

ORGANIC FERTILIZER COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND

YIELD OF TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) CULTIVAR NANI

Intan Ratna Dewi 1)Cucu Suherman 1), Endirifai2)

1) Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jl.Raya Jatinangor Km.21

Bandung 40600

2) Student of Agriculture major, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the best combination effect of

inorganic fertilizer dosage and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on

growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Nani. The

experiment was carried out from December 2010 until March 2011 at

Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University; at an

altitude of ± 750 m above sea level; according to Schmidt and Fergusson

classification (1951) the type of rainfall was C, and the type of soil was

Inceptisol. The experimental design was used simple Randomized Block

Design (RDB), consisted of ten treatments with three replications. The

treatments were :100 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer;

100% recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 3

mL/L; 75 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC

D.I.GROW 3 mL/L; 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer +

POC D.I.GROW 3 mL/L; 100 % recommendation dosage of inorganic

fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 75 % recommendation dosage of

inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 50 % recommendation

dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 4 mL/L; 100 %

recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 5 mL/L;

75 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC D.I.GROW 5

mL/L; 50 % recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer + POC

D.I.GROW 5 mL/L. The result of experiment showed that the use of inorganic

fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer combination gave significant effect on

growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Nani which was

better than the use of inorganic fertilizer only. The combination 50 %

recommendation dosage of inorganic fertilizer with 5 mL/L of liquid organic

fertilizer gave the best effect for the growth and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana

tabacum L.) cultivar Nani on plant height in 7 weeks after planting, leaf

area, fresh weight leaves, fresh weight sliced leaves, and dry weight sliced

leaves parameters.

Key words: inorganic fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer, tobacco cultivar Nani.


AGPT062

EXPLORATION OF SOIL FUNGI PARASITING

Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) IN VARIOUS POTATO

CULTIVATED AREA.

A. Marthin Kalay 1)

, S. Natasasmita 2)

, T. Suganda 2)

, T. Simarmata 2)

1)

School of Agricultural Entrepreneurship Banau West Halmahera

North Maluku, Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University Ambon

Maluku, 2)

Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University Bandung.


Abstract

Potatoes Cysts Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) is an

important plant diseases attacked on potatoes as well as tomatoes,

and eggplants. This nematode reduced potatoes production up to

70,63 % in Malang (East Java). Controlling this nematode by using

fungi as a biocontrol agenst is recommended in sustainable

agriculture. The aim of this experiment was to isolate some soil

fungus which are capable to parasite G. rostochiensis in potato

cultivated area. This exploration obtained 13 fungal isolates. In

Tulung Rejo, Fusarium oxysporum TR1, F. oxysporum TR3, F.

oxysporum TR4, and F. solani TR2 has been isolated; in Karang

Tengah (Central Java) we have F. oxysporum KT1, F. oxysporum

KT3, F. oxysporum KT4, F. oxysporum KT5 and F. chlamydosporum

KT2; and in Sugih Mukti (West Java) we have F. oxysporum SM1, F.

oxysporum SM1, Paecilomyces lilacinus SM3 and F. chlamydosporum

SM4. All of fungal could parasite G. rostochiensis so that could be

used as biological agent of Potatoes cysts nematode.

Key word: Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, Fusarium sp, Paecilomyces sp



AGPT063

IDENTIFICATION OF AGLOMERATION AND

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT

OF FRUIT CLUSTER IN WEST JAVA

Rizal1,F. & Kastaman2,R.

1Outstanding Lecturer of Soil department, Faculty of Agriculture-

Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363 Indonesia

1 line space>

2Lab. Agroindustrial System & Management -Universitas

Padjadjaran

Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

Abstract

Since 2006, the Government through the Department of Industry and

Commerce in West Java Province has pioneered the development of

―Cirebon-Indramayu-Majalengka-Kuningan‖ (Ciayumajakuning) become an

industrial cluster in the Fruit Cluster Community (Masterbu). To assess the

extent Ciayumajakuning success as a business cluster, which is based on the

agglomeration among the actors and the determinants factors in the cluster,

in February-May 2011 has conducted the research survey. The research

methodology was descriptive method with qualitative approaches analysis

such as "Force Field Analysis". Variables observed were: 1) actors in the

cluster, 2) specialization / distinctiveness, 3) social capital, 4) market, 5 )

policies, and 6) geographic concentration. The results showed that the

agglomeration that occurs in the business group in the cluster was still in

pilot form early, then actor of ―Masterbu cluster had not reached the

threshold value (critical mass), there was no relevant industry, the number of

business units was still too small, need to develop new business unit. Product

specialization factor had not been formed due to micro-scale constraints and

low levels of education, social capital was very low, visible from the low

network and diversification of cooperation among actors in the cluster.

Facilitation program policy for the development of Masterbu actors had been

held in there, but still had not been effective and well targeted. Further, the

geographic concentration factor had not been formed because the number of

business units still few and spread locations among each other. In general it

can be concluded that in this situation a Masterbu Cluster has not been

successful and still require further development efforts.

Key words: industrial cluster, a critical success factor of cluster


AGPT064

EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL AND AN-ORGANIC

FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF

MAIZE (Zea mays)

Sih Parmiyatni, Heru Purwanta and Nurosid

Centre for Bioindustrial Technology. Agency for the Assessment and

Application of Technology (BPPT) , Jakarta 10340, Indonesia,

Abstract

The experiment on the effect of microbial and in-organic fertilizers on

growth and productivity of maize was done on field test. The

experiment used randomized block design with 6 treatments (P1:

control; P2: NPK 400 kg/ha; P3: NPK 400 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha;

P4: NPK 300 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha; P5: NPK 200 kg/ha +

microbe 60 kg/ha; P6: NPK 100 kg/ha + microbe 60 kg/ha) and 5

replicates. The results showed that all the treatments gave better in

growth and productivity than control. Treatment of NPK 400 kg/ha

(P2) gave the best result on cob length (16, 74 cm) and cob diameter

(52, 67 mm). Meanwhile, treatment of NPK 400 kg/ha and microbe

fertilizer 60 kg/ha (P3) gave the highest result on average of fresh and

dry weight; 2, 2 gr and 1, 22 gr respectively and seed yield was 144,

20 gr/plant.

Keywords: microbe, fertilizer, growth, productivity, maize


AGPT065

INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING METHODS AND POST-HARVEST

HANDLING PRACTICES ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SHEA BUTTER

(Vitellaria Paradoxa) IN UGANDA

John Bosco L. Okullo1*, Francis Omujal2,6, Jacob G. Agea3, Lucy W. Mulugo3, Peter C. Vuzi4,

Agnes Namutebi5, John Bosco A. Okello1 and Steven A. Nyanzi 2

1The School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,

Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda). 2 The School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda).

3 The School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062

Kampala (Uganda). 4 The School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala (Uganda).

5 The School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere

University, P.O.Box 7062 Kampala (Uganda). 6 Natural chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, P.O Box 4864 Kampala (Uganda).

Corresponding Author: [email protected] or [email protected]

Tel: +256-774-059868; Fax: +256-414-533574

Abstract

Shea butter oil (an edible vegetable oil) is obtained from the indigenous shea tree (Vitellaria

paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) and is traditionally used in the preparation of sauce, frying of food and baking of pan cakes in addition to local cosmetics and soap. In determining the influence of post

harvest handling practices and extraction methods on physico-chemical characteristics of the

shea butter/oil in Uganda, fresh shea fruits were collected from Lira district (northern Uganda and subjected to controlled post harvest handling conditions in the laboratory. The butter from

the shea seeds (kernels) was extracted using n-hexane solvent (HSE) by soxhlet apparatus and

compared with the physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of shea butter oil extracted by traditional boiling technique (TR) and mechanical cold pressing (CP) extraction

methods. The three samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics using standard

methods (AOAC) and data subjected to ANOVA (P<0.05) to determine whether there was any significant variations in the extraction methods. A significant difference in physico chemical

properties was noticed in at least two extraction methods for colour, acid and peroxide values

including α-tocopherols but not with iodine value (P≤ 0.05). The shea butter extracted by the 3 methods all contained palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic fatty acids. There was a

general increase in the percentages of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) in TB

method compared to HSE method. Although the physico-chemical properties & fatty acid profile of shea butter varied, the values were within the recommended shea butter specification. Since in

this study post-harvest handling practices and extraction methods have not been found to

significantly influence the quality of shea butter, there is a need for further investigation on the self-life (post-extraction storage) of the products extracted by both TB and CP methods in order

to promote an effective and affordable extraction methods to meet the demand for production of

various industrial and cosmetics applications other than food per se.

Keywords: Karite, post harvest practices, shea butter, vegetable oil, Vitellaria

paradoxa




AGPT066

STRAW COMPOST APPLICATION FOR PADDY SOILS

HEALTH REMEDIATION TO INCREASED RICE YIELD

IN DISTRICT OF CIBOGO, SUBANG REGENCY

Tien Turmuktini 1)

, Tualar Simarmata 2)

, Yuyun Yuwariah 2)

, Mieke

Rochimi Setiawati3)

dan Endang Kantikowati 3)

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Winaya Mukti

University, 2)

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture

Padjadjaran University, and 3) Department of Agrotechnology

Faculty of Agriculture, Bale Bandung University.

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract

In Indonesia, more than 70 % irrigated paddy soil experiencing

degradation of paddy soil health. This can be seen from low content

of C- organic (<2%), acid soil, and low soil biodiversity. Straw

compost is one of the organic material that can easily found, because

it is available in the soil and has a role to improved paddy soil health

remediation such as restore soil physical, chemical and biological

properties. A healthy ecosystem is expected to improved rice

production. The aims of this research is to know the effect of straw

compost application in every planting season towards four varieties

rice yield. The experiments has been conducted using plots

demonstration at farmer's field, in Marjasari village, district of

Cibogo, Subang regency, during three planting season, starting in

February 2010 untill March 2011. The result of the experiment show

that 5 t ha-1 straw compost application during two planting seasons

can increased varied yield in Ciherang, Mekongga, Cigeulis, and

Ciliwung paddy varieties . Ciliwung variety has the highest yield

about 52% on the second planting season and 60% on the third

planting season compared to the control .

Keywords: straw compost, paddy soils health remediation, rice yield



AGPT067

DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT

ASSAY (ELISA) FOR THE DETECTION OF FLUOROQUINOLONE

ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN CHICKEN LIVER, PRAWN AND MILK

M. Zahid1,2

, A. Lee2, N. Kumar

3, & G. Iskander

3

1National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, The Ministry of

Agriculture, Gunungsindur, Bogor 16340, Indonesia, 2School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University

of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 3School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South

Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Abstract

A novel of enrofloxacin hapten (ENR-1) was synthesised by attaching

a tert-butyl linker on a carboxylic group of enrofloxacin (ENR). A

specific polyclonal antibody (AbαENR-1) was produced by

immunising rabbits with enrofloxacin hapten conjugated KLH. An

indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was

then developed to detect enrofloxacin in chicken liver, prawn and milk.

The optimized ELISA exhibited higher sensitivity and displayed an

IC50 value of 11.8 µg L-1

with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 2.4

µg L-1

. The effects of surfactants (Tween20), organic solvent

(methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and acetone) and pH conditions (5.5-

9.5) were evaluated to optimize assay performance. The sample

preparation techniques were also optimized for milk, chicken liver

and prawn, yielding in acceptable recoveries between 64 ± 3% and

125 ± 8%. The ELISA was able to generate highly specific assay for

the detection of the targeted FQ without significant cross-reaction to

the seven FQs structurally related compounds (danofloxacin,

enofloxacin, sarafloxacin, perfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin

and norfloxacin). This ELISA can be adopted for routine screening or

even quantification of enrofloxacin residues in animal and marine

derived products.

Keyword: enrofloxacin residues; ELISA; animal products; marine products.


AGPT068

MASS PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE OF Nucleo

Polyhedral Virus (Npv)-Setothosea Asigna

Donnarina Simanjuntak1 & Agus Susanto

1

1Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI)

Jl. Brigjen. Katamso No. 51 Kp. Baru, Medan 20158, Indonesia

Telp. 061-7862477, mobile 085370125070, 081281020038, fax 061-

7862488


Abstract

Application of NPV as a biological control of Setothosea asigna is

promising. Usually, the propagation of NPV is done by direct

spraying of the virus to S. asigna caterpilar in the field. The method is

not efficient, so it is needed a new method to replace it. This paper

reports the result of NPV propagations through five different methods:

dropping of NPV in the mouth of S. asigna larvae, spraying of NPV to

S. asigna in oil palm seedling, dropping of NPV to S. asigna body,

soaking of S. asigna in virus suspension, spraying of NPV to oil palm

leaves before S. asigna infestation which compared to control

(spraying of S. asigna by aquadest). The result showed that the

mortality of the third instar of larvae, 9 days after the treatments are

86%, 80%, 70%, 64%, 74% and 0% for each treatment respectively.

This indicated that the five methods of NPV propagation could be

used as alternative methods. Further experiment and analysis are

needed to obtain more detail method of the propagation.

Keywords: S. asigna, NPV, propagation.



AGPT069

THE EFFECT OF THE TOFU‟S LIQUID WASTE

ADDITION AT COCOPEAT MEDIUM TO

PRODUCTIVITY AND TRITERPENOID KIND OF

LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst)

Nia Rosianna*; Asri Peni Wulandari*,M. Hanafi** Ambar Wulan

Sari*

**Laboratory of Chemistry The Indonesian research of Sciences(LIPI)

*Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Padjadjaran University Bandung Indonesia. [email protected]

Abstract

The research about the effect of the Tofu‘s liquid waste addition at cocopeat

medium to productivity and triterpenoid Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.)

Karst)has been carried out. The treatment was added the Tofu‘s liquid waste

there are 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. The descriptive method was used to

analyze the triterpenoid content. The result from this research showed that

the added of tofu‘s waste 3% gives optimum the effect of when primordial

appears that is 205,2 day after inoculation (DAI) and wet weight mean that is

3,94622 gram on the first harvest but there‘s no effect at amount, diameter,

and dry weight of Lingzhi. The added of Tofu‘s liquid waste with different

concentrate will product a different kind of triterpenoid. The added of Tofu‘s

liquid with concentration 0% producted 8 types of triterpenoids there are

ganoderic acid (β, Mg, H,and Y), lucidenic acid ( D1 and N), ganodermic

acid TQ, and 3,15-Diacetoxy-23-oxo-7,9(11),24E-lanostatrien-26-oic acid ;

concentration 3% producted 3 types there are ganoderic acid (Y, C2, and

P);concentration 6% producted 12 types there are ganoderic acid (Mg, Y, K,

L and Mi), lucidenic acid (D1, M, and G),ganoderiol A, ganodermic acid Ja,

lucidone A and ganoderol ; concentration 9% producted 5 types there are

ganoderic acid (Y, U and N), lucidenic acid D1 , and ganoderal A;

concentration 12% producted 5 types there are ganoderic acid (Y and N),

lucidenic acid (D1 and G) and lucidone A.

Keyword : Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst), tofu’s liquid waste,

productivity,and triterpenoids kind.


AGPT070*

CHARACTERISTICS OF GUAVA AND STAR FRUIT

JUICES: CASE STUDY ON FARMERS GROUP

(GAPOKTAN) OF RURAL AREA IN DEPOK

Sunarmani and Ratnaningsih


Development

Jl. Tentara Pelajar no. 12, Cimanggu Bogor 16114. E-mail:

[email protected]

Phone : +62 251 8321762. Fax : +61 251 8350920

Abstract

Guava and star fruit are typical horticultural products of Depok,

which have high economic value. But both guava and star fruit are

easily damaged, which caused by physical, mechanical and

microbiological damages. Therefore, further processing is needed to

increase the added value, shelf-life, and economic value of these fruit.

One kind of the further processing is fruit juice. The aim of this

research was to determine the characteristics of guava and star fruit

juice that produced by farmers group (Gapoktan) in Depok. Nutrient

composition of guava and star fruit juices that farmers group

(Gapoktan) produced, showed a complete nutritional composition, as

follows: energy 80 to 84.5 kkal/100 ml, water 79 to 81%, ash 0.1 to

0.2%, protein 0.2%, fat 0.5%, carbohydrates 18 to 20%, vitamin C 67

to 84 mg/g, and TSS 4.9 to 6.3 °Brix.

Key words: fruit juice, guava, star fruit, Depok.



AGPT071

EFFECT OF SUCCINIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID

CONCENTRATIONS ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTERIFIED TAPIOCA

Heny Herawati1)

, I. Nyoman Widiasa2)

, and Kendriyanto1)

The Central Java Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology

The University of Diponegoro

Central Java Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology

Abstract

As a tropical country, Indonesia has potential in cassava production.

Tapioca which is cassava starch could be directly or indirectly

implemented as both in food or non food industry. In order to

increase the added value of tapioca, it could be processed to be a

higher expensive product through modification. One of modified

starch that could be implemented as food additive is esterified starch.

The objective of the research was to produce esterified tapioca

through modification, the chemical structure (succinic and acetic)

addition in different concentration (1, 3 and 5%) used to microwave

combination drying. Esterified starch products were analyzed such as

chemical and physical characteristics, nutrition contents and image of

the surface microstructure using SEM. Both kinds and concentration

of acid contributed to the physic characteristics of the esterified

tapioca such as viscosity, swelling power, solubility. Starch

modification also influenced the chemical characteristics except the

ash content. The highest Degree of substitution value was 0,0929

which reached by combination of 40% substrate concentration with 5%

succinic acid addition in the tapioca treatment. The changed of the

tapioca granule not significantly different, just showed the closely

distribution among the granule it‘s changed. The esterified tapioca

suggested be advanced implemented in the food product.

Key word: acid, esterified tapioca, microwave


AGPT072

EMULSIFICATION OF NATURAL COLOURANT FROM

SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan L) AND ITS

CHARACTERISATION

Heny Herawati, Sri Yuliani, Niken Harimurti

Indonesia Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and

Development

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 12, Cimanggu-Bogor

Abstract

Natural dyes, usually extracted from part of plant (root, stalk, wood,

leaf, fruit, cuticle and flower). Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L) is

one source of natural dyes rich in brazilin, tannic acid, resin, resorsin,

brazielin, sappanin and galat acid. Sappan wood produced attracted

pink colour in water and has widely used in colouring foods and

textile. Formulation of colouring material in an emulsion system that

is ready to use is an attractive approach to encourage the use of

natural colourant. In this research, colouring material was extracted

using an organic solvent and emulsified in water with the aid of a

surfactant. This research aimed to identify the characteristics of

emulsion of sappan wood extract. The concentration of mixture of

sappan wood extract and surfactant was varied (5, 10, 15 and 20%

and the characterization included emulsion stability, microscopic

structures, colour intensity and viscosity. The research showed that

viscosity increased with the increase in concentration of Sappan wood

extract (ranged from 20 – 24 cp). Stability tend to decrease with the

decrease in extract concentration, while intensity increase with the

rise in extract concentration.

Key word: sappan wood, emulsion, colourant


AGPT073

E-MARKETING EVALUATION WITH INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT

ANALYSIS (CASE STUDY: AGENT RICE ORGANIC YASIN HSO IN

BEKASI, WEST JAVA

Sri Fatimah

Department of Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran

University


Abstract

Marketing products business has experienced a variety of adjustments in

accordance with the development of information technology, E-marketing

has become one of the mode of sales technique in which the interaction

between consumers and sellers are mediated by information technology

particularly the internet. most consumers do not need all the way to where

(the market for traditional to modern markets), but needs to obtain enough

orders and transactions of goods from home. Marketing activities can now be

more efficient, saving energy and costs due to the presence of internet

facilities. In general, this paper has tried to find out how the perception of e-

marketing entrepreneur, what are the inputs necessary for the success of

electronic-based marketing, how to synergize the various aspects required to

be the way marketing is expected to achieve sales targets and know the

output of e-marketing to sales. This study use survey method with

questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The data obtained were analyzed

descriptively. The study results indicate that case studies have shown the role

of e-marketing in marketing food products effectively. Employers are quite

responsive and forward-thinking of the courage to adopt proven marketing

technologies to promote organic rice. But there are some obstacles for these

companies to implement e-marketing, including: lack of ability to measure

the impact of e-marketing applications since employers are not accustomed

to taking notes, limited internal capabilities to operate as factors and age as

well as limited budgets and savings goals so that everything is done own.

Key words: organic rice, e-marketing, agent Yasin HSO



AGPT074

IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPARASIT IN LIVESTOCK

IN PASIR BIRU VILLAGE SUMEDANG

Ellin Harlia*, Eulis Tanti Marlina

*, Reginawanti Hindersah

**

* Laboratory of Microbiology and Waste Handling Faculty of Animal

Husbandry

** Laboratory of Soil Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture

Universitas Padjadjaran

Jalan Raya Jatinangor Km. 21 Bandung 40600

Correspondence email: [email protected]

Abstract

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat program Iptek bagi Wilayah (IbW)

telah dilaksanakan di desa Pasir Biru Kecamatan Rancakalong

Sumedang, melalui implementasi Iptek bidang pertanian dan

peternakann.Endoparasites of livestocks can cause production losses

but it is often assumed that there is no influence on production if

livestocks do not performe any symptoms of parasite infestation.

Livestock feces can be a source of endoparasite transmission from one

animal to another. Therefore identification of endoparasit is

important to prevent the spread out of infested endoparasite. Tanam

padi dilaksanakan dengan metode IPAT BO pada tanah seluas 2000

m 2 menggunakan varietas Sarinah dan Ciherang. The objective of

this study was to identify the species of endoparasite in sheep, buffola

and beef cattle in Pasir Biru village as well as their infection category

(degree of infection severity?). Identification of potential

endoparasites from all three livestock has been performed by the

examination of eggs and larvae of worms from faecal samples. Results

showed that sheep, buffalo as well as beef cattle in the village have

been infested by some roundworms species of Nematode, Tapeworms

(Cestoda) and Trematode (Flukes). Infestation of all endoparasites

was light, but infestation with Moniezia of Cestoda class in sheep was

medium. It is suggested that endoparaisites infestation in three

important cattle was not heavy and has not yet threat cattle

production in Pasir Biru Village in Sumedang

Keyword: Endoparasite, cattle, nematoda, cestoda; trematoda



AGPT075*

EVALUATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL 108 BLACK

SOYBEAN PROMOSING LINE IN ORDER TO FOOD

NATIONAL SECURITY1

Dwi Siska

2, Elia Azizah

3 dan Agung Karuniawan

4

1 is part of the preliminary research of the scrip and the thesis first

and second authors. 2 Students S1 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung.

3 Students S2 Plant Breeding (Padjadjaran University) Bandung.

4 Lecturer Plant Breeding Unpad.


Abstract

Yielding varieties of black soybean in Indonesia is more limited than

yellow soybeans. As a result, some local varieties of black soybeans

are still having diversity in the potential outcome. For that we need to

do research on the evaluation of the potential of black soybean strains

local selection results in order to meet food needs. Field experiments

conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty of

Padjadjaran University during August to November 2009. The design

of experiments that used the randomized block design in two

replications with 108 strain treatment expectancy of black soybean

varieties and two national varieties as a comparison of Cikuray and

Detam 2. The experimental results showed that of 108 strains tested

black soybean hope there are 2 strains of hope that is better looking

than the comparison of UPC8 and UPC12. While strains which have

better yield potential than the comparison is UPC10. This strain is

hoped will be a new strains with better yield potential than existing

varieties.

Keywords: black soybean promosing lines, evaluation of potential outcomes, local

varieties


AGPT076

MASS TRAPPING Oryctes rhinoceros BEETLE USING

LIGHT TRAP ON OIL PALM PLANTATION

Perdana Rozziansha, T. A. , H. Priwiratama & A. Susanto

Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI), Jln. Brigjen

Katamso 51, Medan, Indonesia

Fax: +62 61 7862488, Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Oryctes rhinoceros is a major pest in oil palm plantation. Damages

caused by O. rhinoceros will decrease oil palm production per

hectare area. This research aims to observe the affectivity of light trap

as an alternative method to control O. rhinoceros. Research was

conducted at Ajamu Estate, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, North

Sumatera. Light traps were installed along the main road across 11

blocks. Pherotrap was used as a comparison. The number of O.

rhinoceros were trapped in light trap is higher than pherotrap. The

highest number of O. rhinoceros was observed in October from which

2050 beetles were trapped in light trap compared to 563 beetles in

pherotrap. Results demonstrated that light trap could be used as

alternative method to control O. rhinoceros.

Keyword: O. rhinoceros, light trap, pherotrap



AGPT078

THE CONSERVATION OF GAMBIERS BIODIVERSITY

IN WEST SUMATRA

Hamda Fauza1*

, Istino Ferita1, Nurainas

2, Jamsari

1, Azmi Dhalimi

3, Ahmad

Denian4, & Murdaningsih H. Karmana

5

1Faculty of Agriculture of Andalas University Padang 25163 , Indonesia,

2Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Science of Andalas University Padang 25163,

Indonesia

3Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Bogor Indonesia 4Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia

5Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia

*Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manih Padang 2516,

Phone : 0751-72776; Fax.: 0751-72702; email: [email protected]

Abstract

Gambier is one of the highest economical and prospective commodities of small

holder plantation which prospect to be commercially developed in the next future.

Gambier plant (Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb.) is a bush plant of the family

Rubiceae consisted of 34 genus, of which one genus found in Africa, two genus in

America, and the others in tropical regions of Asia largely contained in the

Indonesian archipelago. Beside Uncaria gambier, there are other species that

produce catechine (the main component to be contained of gambier) the spread at

various locations in West Sumatra. The efforts to obtain the superior genotype of

gambier through plant breeding is still limited regarded to only few previous studies

which is still far from what is expected. The availability of natural resource

germplasm with a wide genetic variability and the accurate of its genetic information

is one of the essential aspects of its plant breeding program and biodiversity

management. Several series of studies have been conducted within the framework of

conservation of gambier biodIrversity which aims to obtain information about the

existence of gambier biodiversity and preparation of genetic material in the assembly

of superior crop cultivars gambier. The objectives of this study was to provide

information of wild gambiers species in several location in West Sumatra. The

research is being designed by explored and identified of wild species of the genus

Uncaria based on phenotypic performance at 20 locations in eight districts in West

Sumatra. The conclusion of the study showed that there were 13 species in the

location explored, consisting of : Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roxb., U. ferrea (Bl.) DC.,

U. gambier (Hunter) Roxb., U. jasminiflora Hook., U. macrophylla Wall., U.

roxburghiana Korth., U. sclerophylla (Hunter) Roxb., U. gabrata, U. pteropoda Miq.,

and four species that have not been identified.

Keywords: Gambier, Biodiversity, Uncaria



AGPT079*

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORFOLOGICAL VARIABILITY

AMONG SWEETPOTATO CROPS WILD RELATIVE INDONESIA

LANDRACE FOR EX SITU CONSERVATION

Budi Waluyo

1, Cucu Jamilah

2 and Agung Karuniawan

3

Graduate student Agricultural Science/Plant Breeding, Faculty of

Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email :

[email protected]

Undergraduate student Agrocomplex/Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.

Lecture Staff at Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Breeding Laboratory,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Crops wild relatives of sweetpotato germplasm in Citatah, one of the centers diversity

of wild sweet potato in Indonesia, are being threatened with extinction. In 2009, Plant

Breeding Laboratory has been exploring and takes samples of sweetpotato crops wild

relatives in Citatah and planting its core accession in the Experimental Field Station

Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University as an effort to conserve

germplasm. Core accessions collected able to regenerate through seeds so that efforts

are required to prevent duplication of accession. The research objective is to assess

and determine the genetic diversity of offspring 120 genotype core accessions of

sweetpotato crop wild relatives origin Citatah based on morphological traits. One

hundred twenty genotypes seed descent of the core population origin Citatah

evaluated in November 2010 - May 2011 based on 40 morphological traits to

determine the magnitude of genetic diversity, determine the relationships between

traits, and identifies important traits related to yield using multivariate analysis.

Generally genotypes are species Ipomoea trifida. The principal component analysis

identified there were trait differentiate into genotypic characteristic of crops wild

relatives germplasm. The canonical variate analysis showed that the observed

variation among the traits occurred mostly between-groups. There was relationship

between some morphological trait with the number of tubers per plot, diameter of the

largest sweet potato, and the number of tubers per plant. Cluster analysis showed

there are three main groups in the germplasm of sweetpotato crops wild relatives and

will be the basis of ex situ conservation management, as well as exploited in

sweetpotatoes breeding.

Keywords: Sweetpotato crops wild relative, multivariate analysis, genetic variability,

ex situ conservation.


AGPT080

EFFECT OF LOCAL INSECT POLLINATION ON

TOMATOES PRODUCTION

Putra1,R. E., I. Kinasih² & D. Raihanasyah

1

1School of Life Sciences and Technology- Institut Teknologi Bandung,

Bandung , Indonesia,

2Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology,

Universitas Islam Negeri Bandung Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung

Abstrak

Insects have been known as one of important component of

agriculture system. They held significant roles either as destructive

agents or benefactor in pest control, nutrition cycle, and pollination of

agriculture system. This research aimed to understand function of

insects, honey bee (Apis cerana) and sweet bee (Trigona sp.), as

pollinator of tomato. Result of this research showed that tomatoes

received pollination service from these insects had significantly lower

falling flowers (25.5%) and higher percentage of flowers into fruits

(80.3%) than the ones without any pollination service (65.5% and

60.3%, respectively). Average weight between insect pollinated

tomatoes slightly larger than non-insect pollinated tomatoes

(19.75±7.45 and 13.59 ±8.44, respectively) indicated the possibility of

synergy between pollination and plant nutrition to produce bigger and

heavier fruits.

Keywords: Tomatoes, pollination, honey bees, sweet bees, fruit weight.


AGPT081

THE USE OF FRUIT WASTES AS A SUBSTRATE FOR

PRODUCING NATA DE FRUITY

Wahyu Aristyaning P, Ardhiani K. Hidayanti, A. Endang

Sutariningsih S

Lab. Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada

Univesity, 55281, Indonesia,

Abstract

Post-harvest fruits abundance cause problems in Indonesia because of the

self enzymatically ripening, which potentially causes rotten fruits, become

waste, and not even sold. Rotten fruit has high potential as a carbon source

for bacteria because it contains high carbohydrate approximately 4.7 to

22.28%. The objective of study were to utilize the rotten fruit as an

alternative growth medium for producing nata (nata de fruity) by

Acetobacter xylinum, to find the appropriate concentration of reducing sugar

content in fruit juice for producing nata de fruity, and to observe biofilm

formation production by Acetobacter xylinum in rotten fruit medium. This

experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with four

variations extract containing different concentration of reducing sugar of

rotten fruit (53 mg/mL, 41 mg/mL, 29 mg/mL and 18 mg/mL). Quality was

measured from the thickness of nata, wet weight, fiber content and the level

of consumer preferences (organoleptic test). Organoleptic test was conducted

on the color, smell, and taste. The data were analyzed by Anova and DMRT 5%

level. The results showed that the rotten fruit is Acetobacter xylinum growth

substrate and produce nata. The quality of nata produced from rotten fruit

juice varies depending on reducing sugar content. Reducing sugar content of

53 mg/mL in the rotten fruit juice produce nata with a thickness of 18 mm,

69.03 g wet weight and fiber content of 1.92%, white color, normal smell,

normal taste (no taste and smell sour). The conclusion of this research, the

best nata made from rotten fruit juice with reducing sugar content of 53

mg/mL. Biofilm (extracellular cellulose) formed by Acetobacter xylinum in

rotten fruit medium thicker by the day.

Keywords : rotten fruits, nata de fruity, Acetobacter xylinum


AGPT082

AGRICULTURE LAND PROTECTION IN INDONESIA

“CHALLENGES AND REALITIES”

Marenda Ishak S 1)

1)

Lecturer of Soil Science Department, Agriculture Faculty

University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Address : Jl. Raya Bandung – Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor

Abstract

The objective of the study to know the level of over land use, over land use

characteristics, factors that cause over land use, and impact of over land use.

Study conducted in the area of land known as the preview productive

agricultural land (North Shore Region). Research conducted with the use of

research descriptive methods, the survey questionnaires and interviews. The

results of the research showed that the transfer over land use occured in the

different land types characteristic land, land that is the form of rice

decreased 34.48%, a pond area of 2.75%, a garden soil mixture of 2.03%,

and 0 of forest land , 2%. From the results of the study also found that the

occurrence of disasters over the land because of the absence of a control

instrument in the form of policy, even if these policies have a role in the poor

control over land use occurred. Other caused by the thinking that

agricultural land is still considered to be less able to contribute or income

for the area, thus there are not instrument and government official seriously

prevent the occurrence of over land use. It would also led to incentive and

disincentive programs that were not significant. Lack of community

participation and knowledge also play role in the increasing level of over

land use. Community during this positioned as objects not be involved in

prevention efforts over land use. This process of easy transfer of rights to

land statue, which also encourage the over land use. From the results of the

study was also showed the over land use can change the structure of

agricultural livelihoods, broad ownership of land, and the amount of land

ownership, the overall to fringe the community itself and also the decrease in

social welfare.

Keyword : over land use, agricultural land, north shore region


AGPT084

EVALUATED OF L1 AND B59 SIDEROPHORE PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATED

FROM LEUWEUNG SANCANG AND TAGOG APU CALCAREOUS SOIL TO

AVAILABLE FE, FE ABSORPTION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CORN CROP ON

TAGOG APU CALCAREOUS SOIL MEDIA

Herdiyantoro, D1., O. Mulyani2 & R. Hudaya3

1Lab. Biologi Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia,

2Lab. Kimia Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, 3Lab. Genesis dan Klasifikasi Tanah-Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Abstract

The Fe deficiency symptoms of plant often occurs on calcareous soil. Siderophore

producing bacteria is be able to supply Fe for plant. The purpose of this research was

to evaluated of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria which have been isolated

from Leuweung Sancang and Tagog Apu calcareous soil to available Fe, Fe

absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous soil media. 7.

The ability examination of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria in increasing

available Fe, Fe absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous

soil media was conducted on completely randomized block design with two factors

and three replications. The factors were siderophore producing bacteria (B) consisted

of four levels: without siderophore producing bacteria (B0), L1 siderophore

producing bacteria (B1), B59 siderophore producing bacteria (B2) and L1 and B59

siderophore producing bacteria mixture (B3); and FeSO4 fertilizer (P) consisted of

four levels: without FeSO4 fertilizer (P0), 125 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer (P1), 250 kg/Ha

FeSO4 fertilizer (P2) and 375 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer (P3). The result of ability

examination of L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria showed there was no

interaction between siderophore producing bacteria with FeSO4 fertilizer to available

Fe, Fe absorption, growth and yield of corn crop on Tagog Apu calcareous soil. The

B2 treatment (B59 siderophore producing bacteria) resulted higher available Fe than

B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) and B1 treatment (L1

siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The P2 treatment (250 kg/Ha FeSO4

fertilizer) resulted higher available Fe than P0 treatment (without FeSO4 fertilizer)

and P1 treatment (125 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly. However, B3 treatment

(L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria mixture) resulted higher Fe absorption

than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The B3

treatment (L1-B59 siderophore producing bacteria mixture) resulted higher plant

height than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. The

B2 treatment (B59 siderophore producing bacteria) resulted higher yield of corn crop

than B0 treatment (without siderophore producing bacteria) significantly. However,

P3 treatment (375 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) resulted lower plant height and stalk

diameter than P0 treatment (without FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly. The P2 treatment

(250 kg/Ha FeSO4 fertilizer) resulted higher yield of corn crop than P0 treatment

(without FeSO4 fertilizer) significantly.

Keyword: L1 and B59 siderophore producing bacteria, available Fe, Fe absorption,

Tagog Apu calcareous soil.


AGPT085

THE ROLE OF Crotalaria juncea as SOIL FERTILITY

AMELIORANT ON CORN (Zea mays L) FIELD

Titin Sumarni

Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

Malang, Indonesia

E mail : [email protected]

Abstract

A field eksperiment to study the role of Crotalaria juncea as a soil

fertility ameliorant of corn field have been carried out at Jatikerto

Malang, 303 m asl., soil pH: 6,2 – 6,7, average daily temperature:

21 – 330C, monthly average rainfall: 100 mm/month, since August

2007 upto March 2008. The Experiment was designed in a factorial

RCBD, Factor 1: C. juncea life duration (3,4 and 5 weeks,

respectively). Factor 2: C. juncea dosages (10, 20 and 30 ton ha-1

)

The results showed that C. juncea as green manure may act as a soil

ameliorant and improving the soil quality. The soil chemistry was

improved: soil organic matter (ranged from 118,5 to 166,7 %); P

(23,7 - 53,7 %); CEC (17,6 - 54,5 %).The highest corn yield (8,11 ton

ha-1

) was of C. juncea at week – 3 and 30 ton ha-1

.

Keywords: Crotalaria, ameliorant, green manure


AGPT088*

STUDY ON O/W EMULSION FORMATION OF

SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia Sappan L) EXTRACT FOR

USE AS COLOURANTS

Niken Harimurti, Sri Yuliani, Heny Herawati

Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen Pertanian

Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 12 Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu

Bogor 16114

Abstract

An emulsion is formed by two immiscible liquids, generally oil and

water. Oil forms the dispersed phase, while water act as the

continuous phase. In this system, Sappan wood extract is used as an

oil phase and emulsified in water with the addition of Tween 80 as a

hydrophilic surfactant. In this research, the formation of o/w emulsion

was studied. The ratiok of Sappan extract to surfactant used in this

study was fixed at 2:3. Emulsification was done using a simultaneous-

emulsification technique with a magnetic stirrer at low speed and

room temperature. Ternary phase diagram of water/Tween 80/extract

system was constructed to describe the phases sequence changed in

emulsion formation. The mixture of Sappan wood extract and

surfactant was varied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. Observation with

polarization microscope showed that the size of emulsion droplets

increased with Sappan wood extract consentration increased.

Ternary phase diagram described more than 15% extract

consentration, in emulsion system started to form phases separation.

Keywords: Study , dye emulsion, formation, Sappanwood extract


AGPT089

THE ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY RESPONSE OF RICE

IN JAMBI PROVINCE

Edison1, Andy Mulyana

2, Sriati

2, and M. Yamin

2

1Faculty of Agriculture University of Jambi, Indonesia

2Program Pasca Sarjana University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Farmers‘ supply responsiveness and input demand planting wet rice

in Jambi Province were estimated using profit function analysis. The

objective of study is to analyze wet rice farmers‘ supply response.

Research was conducted in Jambi Province in the year of 2010. Result

showed that farmers do maximise their profit in short term and

response to price changing efficiently. Changing in real wages were

estimated to have a greater impact on rice profit and supplies than

changes in the real prices of mechanised land preparation, fertilizer

or pesticides. Wet rice supply elasticity considering their price was

closed to one.

Keywords : supply response, wet rice farming, profit function and elasticity.


AGPT090

THE ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY RESPONSE OF RICE

UNDER RISK IN JAMBI PROVINCE

1Saad Murdy, and

1Edison

1Faculty of Agriculture University of Jambi, Indonesia

Abstract

Farmers‘ supply responsiveness planting rice in Indonesian context

(Jambi Province) was estimated using Lag Acreage analysis function.

The objective of study is to analyse rice farmers‘ supply response

under risk. Research was conducted in Jambi Province in the year of

2010. Result showed that The parameter on the risk variable, λ, was

greater than zero although it is not significant at the 1% significance

level. This indicates that farmers are risk averse, and the risk

associated with gross revenue increases, the acreage curve will shift

to the left. The paramter of support price programs, ή1, was greater

than zero although it is significant at the 10% significance level. This

indicates that support price program have caused any distortions in

acreage decisions by shifting the rice acreage response curve to the

right. The input subsidy program encourages farmers to use more

fertilizer and pesticide which increases yields. Since, by using

fertilizer, total output of rice is the product of acreage planted.

Therefore, the impact of input subsidy program will encourage farmer

to increase their output, and shift the output supply curve to the right.

Hence, the input subsidy program causes trade distortion by shifting

output supply curve to the right.

Keywords : supply response, rice, Land Acreage function, risk


AGPT091*

USING NATURAL PESTICIDE FROM BAMBOO

SAWDUST WITH INTEGRATED BAMBOO VINEGAR-

CHARCOAL–COMPOST

Mohammad Wijaya.M

Lecturer Department Chemistry

Faculty Mathematic and Natural Science, Makassar State University

Email ; [email protected] Hp : 081311559934

Abstract

To using bamboo of sawdust it make bamboo vinegar after attention, and

usually produced by pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of process become decomposition

from hemiseluloce, celluloce, and lignin compound have it raw material.

Pyrolysis process tec production bamboo vinegar, charcoal, tar, biofuel etc.

The research is used raw material bamboo sawdust at time pyrolysis 110-

500° C it 5 at Hours. Analysis DTA (diferential thermal analysis) of bamboo

sawdust showed thermal decompotition of three occurs at 209,8 ; 281,3 and

340,2°C, the decomposition process hemiceluloce, seluloce and lignin. This

research as usually produced bamboo vinegar also pyrolysis. and compound

chemistry at fraksination potenstial with bamboo sawdust. Also can see from

analysis pH,and acid ratio. That the bamboo vinegar yield obtained

12,91 %,18,18 %, 14,94 %,14,17% and 1,15% Acid yield of result pyrolysis

bamboo sawdust with reactor produced at temperature 400 C as 17,58 %,

Although charcoal produced form pyrolysis process have yield char higher

as 33,28 % Using bamboo vinegar of conversi result bamboo sawdust can

used for natural pesticide. Identification GC-MS bamboo sawdust product

compound potential as acid group is acetate acid. Charcoal were only one

alternatife energy at country. Also, char have using efectiv of fictation and in

activasi carbon for environmental conservation Compost analysis have ratio

C/N BW0, BW1 and BW2 is 56.24 : 28.58 and 32.39. Intgerated bamboo

vinegar- charcoal and compost by natural pesticide for cocoa plant and so

sustainable agriculture.

Keywords : bamboo waste, pyrolysis, bamboo vinegar- charcoal- compost,

natural pesticide



AGPT092*

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

OF Coleus ambonicus LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST

SELECTED BACTERIA

1Shasila Tokiran, 1Rozila Alias, 2Quak Siow Chin, 2Chia Jyh Yea, 2Ezni Suryani Idrus and 2Faiza Riza.

1Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Unisel‘s Shah Alam Campus, 7A/A of Zirkon Road, Section 7,

40000 Shah Alam, 2Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Timur Tambahan Road, Universiti Selangor (Unisel),

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Abstract

Medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of ailments of

infectious origin. In the evaluation of the traditional claims, scientific research is

important. Coleus amboinicus plant was scientifically proven to have antioxidant,

antifungal, insect anti-feedant and antiseptic character. The aim of this study was in

attempt to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of Coleus amboinicus leaves

extracts against selected bacteria. In this preliminary investigation, the leaves were

used and the crude extracts (methanol and chloroform) were subjected to screening

against eighteen strains of bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Bacillus substilis, Enterobacter

aerogenus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli O157:H7,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innucua ATCC 33090, Listeria monocytogenes,

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus

aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Shigella flexneri, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio

parahaemolyticus by using standard protocol of disc diffusion method. The

antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones

and proceed with evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth

microdilution method and followed by minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) to

determine bactericidal and bacteriosatic effects of Coleus amboinicus leaves extracts.

In accordance with the results, the chloroform extract and methanol extract of Coleus

amboinicus have shown a promising activity. Chloroform extracts were found to

showed static effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus

cereus, Bacillus substilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and

MRSA ATCC 43300 at MIC value ranged from 9.38-75.00 mg/µl. Meanwhile,

methanol extract was effective against Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella

pneumoniae, MRSA ATCC 43300 and Bacillus substilis at MIC values 37.50-75.00

mg/µl. Interestingly, it also showed bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus

with MBC value of 75.00 mg/µl. In conclusion, these data showed Coleus amboinicus

possess potential antibacterial activity that forms a basic for further plant derived

antibiotic and supplements production.


AGPT093

EVALUATION OF EXTENSION WORKERS‟ ATTITUDE

TOWARD INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN

INDONESIA

Putra, R. A. R. S1, 2

, J. Udomsade1, and S. Niyamangkoon

1

1International Graduate Program in Development Communication,

Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Faculty of

Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahon Yothin Road, Chatuchak,

Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Department of Social Economics, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada

University, Jl. Fauna 3, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the access of information channels and

attitude of extension workers toward Integrated Farming System

(IFS). This study used a survey design. Data were collected from 184

extension workers Sleman and Bantul districts, in Yogyakarta

Province. F- test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, were

employed to test hypothesis. Results revealed that extension workers

accessed agricultural magazine rather than newspaper, journal of

agricultural research and internet to gain information toward IFS. It

was found that extension workers‘ attitude towards IFS was at high

level. Hypotheses testing indicated that extension workers‘ attitude

toward IFS by accessing journal of agricultural research was

significantly different from which by accessing newspaper,

agricultural magazine, and internet.

Keywords: Attitude, Access of Information Channels, Extension workers,

Integrated Farming System



AGPT094*

SULPHUR CONTENT AND SOME SOIL CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES, SULPHUR UPTAKE AND YIELD OF RICE

AS THE RESULT OF SULPHUR FERTILIZER AND WATER

HYACINTH {Eichhornia crassipes (Martt.) Solm} BOKASHI

APPLICATIONS ON CHROMIC HAPLUDERTS

Emma Trinurani Sofyan

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran

Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang Indonesia


Abstract

The research were conducted to find out the interaction effect between sulphur fertilizer

and water hyacinth bokashi on sulphur content and some soil chemical properties,sulphur

uptake and yield of rice us the result of sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth {Eichhornia

crassipes (Martt.) Solm}bokashi applications on Chromic Hapluderts.The experiment were

conducted in the green house and experimental field of Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Bojong

Picung sub distric of Ciranjang, District of Cianjur, the Province of West Java, lacated 298

m above sea level. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used factorial pattern repeated

three times. The first factor was the dosage of sulphur (S) fertilizer consisted of : without S

fertilizer; 20; 40; and 60 kg ha-1 S fertilizer, and the second factor was dosage of water

hyacinth bokashi (B) consisted of: without bokashi; 15; 30; and 45 t ha-1 bokashi. Field

experiment used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial pattern repeated three

times. The first factor was the dosage of sulphur (S) fertilizer consisted of : without S

fertilizer; 25; 50; and 75 kg ha-1 S fertilizer, and the second factor was dosage of water

hyacinth bokashi (B) consisted of: without bokashi; 15; 30; and 45 t ha-1 bokashi. The

preliminary experiment result interaction between sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth

bokashi on total S, available SO42-, total N, C-organic, available P, Zn, uptake S, N and

yield effect occurred between give an uptake P but not significant on Fe and uptake P. The

independent influence sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth bokashi was effect on soil

availableP. The analysis respons optimum dosage of sulphur was 45.52 kg ha-1 and bokashi

water hyacinth was 35.99 t ha-1 to yield of rice plat obtained was 9.27 t ha-1. The field

experiment result interaction between sulphur fertilizer and water hyacinth bokashi on total

S, available SO42-, total N, C-organic, available P, Zn, uptake S and N, and for other

uptake P and yield not significant, but the independent water hyacinth bokashi was effect

accured between give an uptake P and yield. The analysis respons optimum dosage of

sulphur was 57.31 kg ha-1 and bokashi water hyacinth was 34.42 t ha-1 to yield of rice plat

obtained was 7.88 t ha-1. Multiple regretion between respons parameters with yield of rice

plant obtained was available P, uptake P, and available SO42-, gave efffect to yield and R2

= 0.70**, 70 percent gave significant contributions to yield by available P, uptake P, and

available SO42 on Chromic Hapluderts.

Key words: Chromic Hapluderts, Rice, Sulphur, Water Hyacinth Bokashi.


AGPT095

EARLY INVESTIGATION ON ANTIBIOTIC

SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS OF Escherichia coli, Salmonella

sp. And Listeria sp. ISOLATED FROM „SATAR‟ IN

MARANG, TERENGGANU

Lani1, M.N., Nurul Atiqah Ramli1, Roshita Ibrahim2, Rozila Alias3 & Zaiton Hassan4

1Department of Food Science, 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of

Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu, Malaysia. 3 Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7,

40000

Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 78000

Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract

‗Satar‘ is a popular ready-to-eat (RTE) food in the East Coast of Peninsular

Malaysia. ‗Satar‘ is a blend of succulent boneless fish marinated in spices,

wrapped in banana leaves, put into skewers and grilled over a flaming

charcoal fire. Until now, there is no study has been addressed on the

antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ‗Satar‘. The

present study was carried out to isolate the presence of selected foodborne

pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Listeria sp. and Escherichia coli) in

raw ‗Satar‘ and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiotics are used widely

to treat infectious diseases of both humans and animals caused by pathogenic

microorganisms and the resistance of these pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics

may reduce the efficiency of antibiotic treatment to kill these microorganisms.

Therefore, early investigations on antibiotic susceptibility tests on selected

foodborne pathogenic bacteria were studied on their susceptibility to selected

antibiotics: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol.

Results showed that all isolates of these target organisms were resistant to

ampicillin, but not resistant to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. However, E.

coli and Salmonella isolates were resistant to vancomycin. This is the first

study indicated the presence of antibiotic resistant of foodborne pathogenic

bacteria in ‗Satar‘. Further study will investigate the susceptibility of

foodborne pathogenic bacteria isolated from different locality of ‗Satar‘

premises in Terengganu to different types of antibiotics.

Keyword: ‘Satar’, antibiotic susceptibility, Listeria, Salmonella, E. coli


AGPT096*

THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY BASED

CLEAN WATER SERVICES IN BESAI SUB-

WATERSHED, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

Zainal Abidin*, Maman H. Karmana**, Tuhpawana P. Sendjaja**, and

Oktap Ramlan Madkar***

* Doctoral Student at the Graduate School of Padjadjaran University

** Professor at Department of Socio-Economic of Agriculture, Padjadjaran

University

***Professor at Department of Agronomy, Padjadjaran University

Abstract

Clean water supply is one of important environmental service from

watershed system. However, water resource has always been

undervalued as compare to its benefits for human and social life. This

study intended to investigate the benefit of of various types of clean

water services organizations. The study employed cost benefit,

consumer surplus, and net present value to examine community based

water resource organizations financial performance. The study

involved four types of environmental services organizations.

Sensitivity analysis is applied to determine water service fee that

match with financial conditions. The study suggests that each type of

community based water service organizations has its characteristics

in terms of providing water services and its benefits to consumers.

Such organization faced problems of determining proper service

charges to its /customer. Community based water services

organizations mostly in deficit operation due mainly to low service

charges and high operational costs.

Keywords: Cost benefit analysis, environmental services, consumer surplus


AGPT097

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LOCAL GROUNDNUT

VARITIES BASED ON AGRONOMIC AND

PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS

Sesilia Anita Wanget 1 & Agung Karuniawan

2

Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115,

Indonesia

Lab. Plant Breeding- Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363,

Indonesia

Abstract

Research carried out on 18 accessions of peanut plants which is a

collection of the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University in Bandung. Research conducted at the

Experiment Garden, Padjadjaran University Faculty of Agriculture,

Ciparanje, Sumedang, West Java. The experiment was conducted in

March-June 2011. Using Block Randomized Design methods trial

conducted, with two replications. The results showed that each of

displays based on the innate character of the area of origin, especially

for characters accession resistant to disease. Characters such as seed

color are not affected by environmental factors (different locations).

As for the character of the age of flowering, plant height and viability

showed the appearance of which varies in different accessions. Each

accession gives a different response to attacks by broom disease. Thus,

a collection of peanut accessions showed that there is a unique

genetic diversity.

KeyWords : character, unique, accesion


AGPT098

MORPHOLOGY CHARACTER PERFORMANCE OF

SOME PROMISING CLONES OF Polianthus tuberosa

Donald Sihombing1, Wahyu Handayati

1 & S. Kartikaningrum

2

1). East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya

Karangploso Km 4 Malang Indonesia

2). Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jl Raya Ciherang, PO

Box 8 Sdl Cipanas Indonesia 43253


Abstract

To find out of morphology character performance and to get a

superior clone of Polianthus tuberosa, an experiment was conducted

from July 2005 to July 2006 at Ciseupan, Cugenang Cianjur (500 m

above seas level). Randomized block design with three replication was

used. As a treatment were the promising clones i.e. clone no. 28

(single petal), no. 75 (single petal), no. 219 (double petal), no. 297

(double petal), no. 301 (single petal), no. 309 (double petal) and three

comparison cultivars i.e. cv. Pasuruan 1 (single flower), c.v.

Pasuruan 2 (semi double flower) and cv. Cianjur (double flower).

The result showed that the clones‘ no. 219 and no. 297 more superior

to the other promising clones and all comparison cultivars in the

flower character morfology and flower performance.

Keywords: Polianthus tuberosa, promising clones, morpholog , flower performance


AGPT099

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC

APPEARANCE OF

SOME GENOTYPES OF Polianthes tuberosa HYBRID

Donald Sihombing1, Wahyu Handayati

1 and S. Kartikaningrum

2

1). East Java Assesment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Jl. Raya

Karangploso Km 4, PO Box 188 Malang 65101 Indonesia

2). Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jl Raya

Ciherang, PO Box 8 Sdl Cipanas 43253 Indonesia


Abstract.

To determine genetic variability and phenotypic appearance of some

genotypes Polianthes tuberose hybrid, an experiment was conducted

in the farmers' fields at Cugenang village Cianjur West Java (600 m

asl) since August 2004 to August 2005. In this experiment, a

randomized block design with 3 replications was used. As the

treatment are 29 genotypes of hybrid Polianthes. The results showed

that Polianthes parental have a narrow variability. Furthermore,

based on the phenotypic performance evaluation in several characters,

especially in the arrangements of flowers; and flower stalks

straightness and rigidness, it was found six the best genotypes i.e.,

genotype no. 28, no. 75, no. 219, no. 297, no. 301 and no. 309.

Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa, genotypes, genetic variability, phenotypic

appearance.


AGPT100

OPTIMIZING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION TO

SUPPORT FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN

INDONESIA

Tarya Sugarda & Sri Fatimah

Lab. Communication, Faculty of Agriculture-Universitas Padjadjaran,

Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.

Contact Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Food security became one of the main currently issues in the midst of other

global issues like climate change and environmental problems of natural

balance. The important role of extensions in maintaining the productivity of

farmers are therefore crucial. However problems perceived by extensions

are that they can not provide full service because of limited number. This

paper aims to find out how the role and the expected farmer extension

services in the context of maintaining food production towards food security.

Descriptive analysis to be used to overview the current issues in extension

program internationally as well as nationally. Cases of farmer's perception

of effort to produce environmentally-based agricultural activities by

exploring the view of farmers in some cases in the District of West Java

namely: Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi. The findings reveal that the real

role of farmer extension in agriculture is changing that adjust to political

and development paradigm to adapt with external pressure. In the case of

SRI (System Rice Intensification) it is shown how there is extended function

of extension. They have been function the motivator, initiator and facilitator

as well as play a role in the marketing activities of SRI rice. Along with the

increasing awareness of farmers about the dangers posed long-term

conventional farming and organic rice prices are high, there is incentive to

adopt a new method called SRI. The main conclusion of this study is first

extension workers and other interested parties need to understand the factors

that lead to change in the extension role. Second, agricultural extension may

posed with situation where food security effort may confront to the

environment interest.

Keywords: food security, adjustment, role of extension environmental awareness.


AGPT101*

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND GENOTYPE BY SEASON

INTERACTION ON MORPHOLOGY, YIELD

COMPONENT, AND YIELD CHARACTER OF 61

GROUNDNUT GENOTYPE (Arachis hypogaea L.) At

Jatinangor.

Hawan Mugni Raharjo

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran University, Bandung

Abstract

Plant breeder has great concern on genotype by environment

interaction (G x E). The existence of G x E interaction complicates the

plant breeding goals, however, analysis of G x E interaction is widely

used to predict adaptability and stability of plant genotype. The

experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD),

consisting 61 genotype as treatment with two replications in two

season to get the information about genotype x season yield

component and yield character of 61 groundnut genotype (Arachis

hypogaea L.). The characters observed were morphology, yield

components and yield. Statistical analysis applied were analysis of

variance, and combined analysis of variance. Result of the experiment

showed that interaction effect of genotype x season on 100 seed

weieght and seed weight per plot. Genotypes which had higher value

than the average tested genotype of 100 seed weight in first season

are Baturaja B, Tondegesan merah, Griya, Kidang, Gajah, and Garut

3. For seed weight per plot genotypes which had higher value are

Garut 1, Baturaja B, and Badak.. Besides that for second season

genotypes which had higher value than the average tested genotype of

100 seed weight are Landak, Tondegesan merah, Madura 3,and

Gajah. Main effects of genotypes and season were found on stem

length, seed weight per plant, and number of pod per plant. Whereas

for relationship tested in this experiment Groundnut genotypes had

close relationship.

Keyword : Genotype, G x E, Relationship


AGPT102*

THE EFFECTS OF IMPORT TARIFF ON DEMAND AND

FARM PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN INDUSTRY IN

INDONESIA

Eti Suminartika (1).

Email: [email protected]; Agricultural Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Jl Raya

Jatinangor Km 21 Ujungberung BANDUNG 40 600-INDONESIA HP: 0858 6161

1005, 0821 1900 7050

Abstract

Soybean industry plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. For

many years, the country has an excess demand of soybean. Indonesian

government has chosen to import soybean to meet the shortage of the

domestic supply. However, the import has increased rapidly over the years.

This dependency has become a serious problem in maintaining food security

in the country. The general objective of this study is to investigate why the

domestic demand of soybean relies on the imported soybean. Further, there

are four specific objectives. First, this study attempt to determine factors

that affect to import demand of soybean. Second, it is carried out to analyze

the effect of import tariff on the soybean industry in the country. Third, it is

an attempt to estimate the producers‘ surplus and lastly, it is done to analyze

the productivity of soybean farming in the country. In this study, the market

model of soybean industry, estimated by the two stages least squares method

is used to determine factors that affect the import demand of soybean. The

model is simulated by increasing import tariff so that its effect on soybean

industry can be measured. Tariff has an effect on welfare, so the producer

surplus‘ analysis is carried out to estimate the producer‘s net gain. Finally,

this study uses the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) (deterministic frontier

analysis) analysis in order to determine the productivity growth of the

soybean farming. The result of this study shows that increases in income and

price of corn (substitute commodity) lead to a rise in import demand. On the

other hand, an increase in import tariff will cause import demand decline. As

import demand decline, the price of soybean will raise, resulting in an

increase in domestic production. Moreover, an increase in tariff will

increase the producer‘ welfare. Lastly, there was some evidence of growth in

TFP of soybean farming in Indonesia during period of analysis, particularly

in the non Java region. As the growth was found to be contributed by

technological progress, the government should develop these regions by

improving the related farming technology (seed fertilizer and pesticide)



AGPT103

MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF THE DEGRADED LAND

IN TEMANGGUNG

Titiek Yulianti1, Nurul Hidayah

1, and Djajadi

1

1Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute Jl. Raya

Karangploso PO BOX 199 Malang East Java 65152

Abstract

Tobacco is a major commodity in Temanggung. The crop has been

cultivated for many years particularly in Mt. Sumbing and Sindoro

slopes resulting in land degradation. The quality of the soil was very

poor since it loses its nutriets and organic matter due to continuously

erode. The microbial diversity and activities also decline. The

conditions led to accumulation of soil borne pathogens, such as

Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne spp. To determine the soil

microbial diversity in various cropping systems in Temanggung

District, we took 65 samples from 12 kecamatan. Each sample

comprised of 500 g soil taken from rhizosphere zone (0-25 cm depth),

the surrounded vegetation and its cropping system were recorded.

Estimation of microbial (actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi)

population was done using dilution method in selective media. The

result showed that in sloppy areas, where high erosion occurred,

organic content and microbial population were low, even in some

areas bacterial or fungal population was not detected. This result

indicated that degradaded soil led to diminish soil microbial

population.

Keywords: microbial population, cropping system, tobacco


AGPT104

IN VITRO SCREENING OF MICROBIAL

ANTAGONISTS FOR CHARCOAL ROT FUNGUS

(Rhizoctonia bataticola)

Hidayah, N.1, T. Yulianti

1 & K. S. Wijayanti

1

1Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute Jl.

Raya Karangploso PO BOX 199 Malang East Java 65152,

Abstract

Rhizoctonia bataticola, the causal agent of charcoal rot disease, is a

serious fungal pathogen infecting various sorts of plants, such as

cotton, soybean, peanut, physic nut, sunflower, castor bean, tobacco,

and so on. Sometimes, the use of fungicides is not effective, therefore

this disease is very difficult to control. Scientists are now seeking for

alternative control by using microbial antagonist. It is not only

environmentally friendly but also gives early protection to plant from

the attack of the pathogen. The objective of this research is to screen

microbial antagonists for control R. bataticola. The antagonistic

microbes were isolated from the soil and various sources of organic

matter by using serial dilution methods on Martin Agar medium (MA)

for fungi and Tryptic Soy Agar medium (TSA) for bacteria. The

isolated microbes were assessed against R. bataticola to identify their

potency as antagonist using dual culture method on agar plate.

Twenty eight fungi and thirteen bacteria were capable of antagonists

against R. bataticola. It is considered that the mechanism of

antagonisms were antibiosis, competition, and parasitism.

Keywords: Rhizoctonia bataticola, microbial antagonist, charcoal rot.


AGPT105

A TREND SHIFT ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF

YOUNG PEOPLE FROM RICE TO POTATO AND ITS

DETERMINING FACTORS *

Yosini Deliana 1& Ryan Hutomo Suhardi

2

1,2 Lab. Agribusiness Management – University padjadjaran,

Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

Email : [email protected], [email protected]

2

Abstract

Potato can support food security and food diversification program.

Currently, the national per capita rice consumption fell 1.4 percent

from 2009 to 2010. This shows a trend shift in consumption patterns

of Indonesia people. The purpose of this study is to determine the shift

in consumption patterns of young people from consuming rice to

potato and the factors that determine it. Research site is specified in

Clemmons branch of Bandung Indah Plaza(BIP). The sample is

performed by using random sampling method. Data collection

techniques such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and

literature studies are used to 30 respondents. Descriptive analysis is

being used in the analysis. The results of this study show that there is

a trend shift in consumption patterns of young people from rice to

potato happening at lunchtime. Shift in consumption patters are

common in young women aged 12-17 years, both in quantity and

intensity. Factor affecting this shift is not related to the family

preferences, although they are the first who introduce the potato.

Psychological factors such as practicality in buying are the most

dominant factors, followed by social and other factors.

Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Rice, Potato, Young People

mailto:[email protected],%[email protected]


AGPT106

CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO

(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) IN WEST JAVA

Windhy Chandria1,Tia Setiawati

2,Azis Natawijaya

3,Neni Rostini

4,Suseno

Amien4

&Agung Karuniawan4

1 Msc Student of Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture University of

Padjadjaran, Bandung 2Lecture Biology at Faculty of Science and Mathematics University of

Padjadjaran, Bandung 3Msc Student of Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture Bogor University of

Agriculture, Bogor 4Lecture Plant Breeding at Faculty of Agriculture University of Padjadjaran,

Bandung

Abstract

Genetic diversity is an illustration of the degree of relationship within a

population. Estimated levels of genetic diversity can be done in conventional

(phenotypic) and non-conventional (cytogenetic). Diversity of character will

be determined how the relationship among the individuals studied species

based on the level of similarity and dissimilarity. Sweet potato in West Java

is very diverse, but there is no sufficient data on its genetic variation. The

cytogenetic studies of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) useful to

support breeding programs, indirectly increased knowledge of the genetic

structure of plant, or directly through their application of cytogenetic

techniques for crop improvement. Karyotype analysis of sweet potato is the

number of chromosomes and the phenotype of the chromosome complement

as seen at mitotic metaphase has been done by squash-acetoorcein method.

Shape and size of metaphase chromosomes were successfully determinate. By

observing the chromosome a collection of Laboratory Breeding Program of

germplasm of sweet potato of Cilembu, Japan and other local cultivar groups

had tetraploid chromosomes number (2n=4x=60). Karyotype‘s formula was

same, Cilembu, Japan and other local cultivar had karyotype‘s formula 2n=

4x=60=60m. It was found that the chromosome lengtht of sweet potato from

West Java were between 0.40μm-2.90 μm. This showed that all who observed

had high genetic diversity characters of sweet potato.

Keyword : Ipomoea batatas, chromosome, karyotype, diversity, West Java


AGPT107*

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF CABBAGE THROUGH

SUSTAINABLE GROWING CROP MANAGEMENT:

THE EFFECT ON CROP GROWTH, PRODUCTION,

CROP QUALITY AND POPULATION OF INSECT

PESTS

Sigit Sudjatmiko, Burhannudin Toha, Zainal Muktamar, Hidayat

Authors addresses: Departemen Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas

pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu. Jl. Raya Kandang Limun Bengkulu -

38371.A, Indonesia

(Correspondence to Sigit Sudjatmiko. e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

The growing concerns on the vegetables quality in respect to free

pesticides need to be followed by series of research comparing many

different techniques of growing the plants. The present research has

evaluated the quality of cabbage in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong,

Bengkulu Province of Indonesia. The cabbage was subjected to three

different growing techniques management, i.e. Organic, Integrated

Pest Management, and Conventional, and the research was conducted

at two different growing time of planting. The result showed that at

the second season (dry season), regardless the growing techniques

management, significantly improved the height of plant, the diameter

of crop and consequently improved the weight of crop/area.

Interaction were found between growing techniques management and

time of planting, in which during the first growing season the plants

cultivated in Integrated Pest Management and Conventional growing

techniques had higher number of leaves, but it did not improve the

diameter of crop. Surprisingly, the growing technique management

did not affect the insecticide residues in the sample crops. In addition,

the nematodes in the soil that survive during the two growing seasons

have decreased in number.



AGPT108*

THE DISTRIBUTION AND ASSOCIATION OF WEED

IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS PTPN VIII SUBANG,

WEST JAVA

Suarna Samai 1,2), Amir Hamzah Soemintapoera3), Oktap Ramlan Mdkar3),

and Agung Karuniawan 4)

1)Part of a PhD thesis of the first author at Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

2)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Haluoleo Kendari,

Sulawesi,

email: [email protected] 3) Laboratory of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung 4) Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,

Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, email: [email protected]

Correspondent author: [email protected]

Abstract

The research was done in Oil Palm plantations PTPN VIII Subang, West

Java in March 2010 to November 2010. The objectives of this research were :

to importance value of species, association index of species and distribution

pattern of species. This research used the quadrat method. The determination

of the species distribution was calculated using Poisson distribution formula

and the determination of association was calculated using contingency table.

The results of this research indicate that, there are 41 species including

15 familiy. The importance value was between 0.754 - 18.408 and the species

with highest importance value is Echinocloa colonum (L) Link, Basilicum

polystachiyon (L) Moench dan Crassocephalum crepidioides. (Benth). The

distribution patterns indicate that 32 (78,049%) in a clumped, 6 (14.634 %)

species are in a regular, and 3 (7.317%) species were at random distribution

pattern. The determine the association index Agratum conyzoides pair

indicated that 1 spesies were very high category association index is

Borreria alata (Aubl). DC., Axonophus compresus (SW) Beavis. And

4 species were lower category of association index is Asystasia intrusa (Bl.),

Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Paspalum conjugatum. Berg, Melastoma affine

Linn and Setaria pallide-fusca (Schom). Stapf & Hubb

Key words: Agratum conyzoides, distribution pattern, association index of species

and Oil Palm plantations





AGPT109*

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR HIGH SUGAR CONTENT

OF SWEET SORGHUM BASED ON GENETIC

CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS

Lisna Khoirunnisa, Anas, Meddy Rachmadi

Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas

Padjadjaran

Campus Jatinangor Ujungberung Bandung 40600

Author for Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Increased human awareness to use renewable energy especially

transportation fuels, requires development of higher sugar content of

crops. Determination of effective traits for indirect selection of high

sugar content is very important in sweet sorghum breeding program.

This research was aimed to determine secondary trait for selection

criteria of high sugar content based on genetic correlation and path

coefficient analysis. Field experiments were carried out during rainy

season (December 2008 – April 2009) and dry season (July –

November 2009) at Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Experiments

were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using

five sweet sorghum cultivars as treatment in five replications. The

result showed that leaves number and ear weight could be used as

selection criteria for high sugar content. However, high direct effect

of leaves number was counter-balanced by negative indirect effect of

plant height. The coefficient of phenotypic correlation was in line with

coefficient of genetic correlation. Significant negative of genetic

correlation (-0,56*) was showed by leaves number. This suggested

that leaves position determined effective rate of photosynthesis. Direct

effect of ear weight was negative to sugar content in two season (-

0767 and – 0,638). It was also showed by significant negative genetic

correlation (-0,95*) of ear weight in dry season.

Key words: genetic correlation, path analysis, sugar content, sweet sorghum.


AGPT110

FOOD SECURITY IN NATURAL DISASTER PRONE

AREA (THE CASE OF LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN

CIBINONG SUB-DISTRICT, CIANJUR, WEST JAVA)

Eliana, W., H. Hapsari, P. Pardian & D. Esperanza

Lecturer in Department of Agro Socio Economics, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Food security is a condition where food for domestic needs is fulfilled as

measured in the availability both in quantity and quality, safety, equitability,

and affordability. This study aims to identify community food security

conditions after the occurrence of landslide natural disaster and recommend

efforts that need to be conducted in coping with food security problems

affecting the victims in the Cibinong sub-district, Cianjur. The research was

conducted in Cibinong sub-district, Cianjur, specifically in Cikangkareng

and Pamoyanan Village using survey research method. Data and information

processing was using descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results

showed that rice as staple foods for the people of the Cikangkareng and

Pamoyanan Village is available both before and after the occurrence of

natural disaster. Yet the availability of starchy, tempe, tofu, eggs, milk and

chicken or beef declined after the natural disaster. Staple foods, side dishes

and fruits could easily be obtained either before or after the natural disaster

occurs, nonetheless the price of daily necessities was relatively high. Quality

of consumed food before and after the natural disaster was good and safe.

Government assistance for natural disaster victims in Cikangkareng and

Pamoyanan Village was less effective and uneven. Based on the results of in-

depth interviews, respondents stated that only residents who have close

relationship with local government and village officials received such

assistance. While many who were the victims with suffered losses did not get

appropriate help. Researcher recommendation was for improvements in the

management of community food security programs that include the need for

barns program to be actively managed and sustainable, the government

needs to encourage the food diversification program so that the public better

aware of alternative staple foods other than rice, also management and

supervision systems of aid distribution need to be addressed in order to

achieve a just and equitable society.

Keywords: Food Security, Natural Disaster Prone Area


AGPT112

FOOD SECURITY IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGE AND

OPPORTUNITY IN ASEAN REGION*)

By : Hariyati, Y and Raharto, S1

1Social Economic of Agriculture-Jember University,

Jember 68121, Indonesia

Abstract

FAO has been given clear definition about food security, that it is the

condition of food needs with good nutrition, good in quantity, and can

be accepted on consumable and cultural aspect can be fulfilled. There

are four components of food security in Indonesia, including:

availability, access, quality and security / safety. This paper aims to

describe the condition of availability of food, mainly rice, corn and

wheat, in the various ASEAN members as well as some of its activities

to maintain the availability of food in order to achieve food security

conditions. This research uses descriptive method. In conclusion,

among others: the challenges of food availability Indonesia and other

ASEAN countries is the dependency of food to non-ASEAN countries,

the shift from rice to non-food primary grain rice that is not produced

in most of ASEAN countries. Opportunities ASEAN in achieving food

security is to dointegrate fellow ASEAN countries to mutually support

the needs of food, so food prices are not "tricked" by the exporter

countries of the world.

Keywords: Food security, ASEAN, challenge, opportunity


AGPT113

SOIL MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION IN

VARIOUS TYPES OF LAND USE IN THE NORTH

BANDUNG

Muhammad Amir Solihin & Betty Natalie

Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian

Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor – 45363


Abstract

North Bandung area is an upland agricultural area that has been

cultivated for a long time. However, its utilization has not noticed an

optimal sustainability of land productivity. One of the biophysical

potential of land that is important for the optimization of agricultural

land in this region is soil microbes. The research was conducted in the

area of Lembang District on 14.492 acres. The research method used

in the form of survey research with land use analysis using satellite

imagery interpretation results, the analysis of land units using the

analytic approach with the help of GIS and analysis to determine the

distribution of soil microbial diversity and its potential in the study

locations. The results showed several types of microbes have a diverse

biodiversity on a variety of land units and land use. The potential of

high soil microbes contained in an area of 5020.23 hectares (34.64%),

potentially being in an area of 2309.86 hectares (15.94%), and

potentially lower area of 2362.76 ha (16.30%) . The existence of

potential biophysical diversity can thus be used for the development of

organic-based farming in North Bandung Area in a sustainable

manner.

Keywords: Land Biophysic Potential, Soil Microbial, Remote Sensing,

Geographical Information System, Agriculture potency, Sustainable Agriculture



AGPT115

THE EFFECT OF AZOLLA DOSAGE AND

APPLICATION METHOD ON THE GROWTH AND

YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE ( Oryza sativa L.)

Husni Thamrin Sebayang1, Titik Islami

2 & Dhian Salamawati

3

1,2,3

Agriculture Faculty-Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang,

65145, Indonesia

Abstract

An experiment to study the effect of azolla dosage and application

method on the growth and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L) has

been conducted at Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo Sub District, Batu

Region on altitude ± 500 metres above sea level , since on Januari

until Mei 2010. The experiment design used in a Non Faktorial

Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and three replicated.

The 10 treatments were:D0 = without azolla, D1 = azolla fresh sowed

in rice field, 3 ton ha-1

, D2 = azolla fresh sowed in rice field, 6 ton ha-

1, D3= azolla fresh sowed in rice field, 9 ton ha

-1 , D4 = azolla fresh

incoporated in the soil, 3 ton ha-1

, D5 = azolla fresh incoporated in

the soil, 6 ton ha-1

, D6 = azolla fresh incoporated in the soil , 9 ton

ha-1

, D7 = azolla compost, 3 ton ha-1

, D8 = azolla compost, 6 ton ha-1

,

D9 = azolla compost, 9 ton ha-1

. The result showed that azolla

compost significant effect on vegetative growth and yield of lowland

rice. Azolla compost at 6 ton ha-1

and 9 ton ha-1

dosage did not

significant effect on yield of lowland rice, 5,89 and 6,52 ton ha-1

respectively.

Keywords : azolla , dosage, aplication method , lowland rice


AGPT116

WATER BALANCED ANALISYS TO AVAILABLE

GROWING SEASON AT SUNGAI PINANG DISTRICT-

EAST KALIMANTAN

Akas Pinaringan Sujalu

Faculty of Agriculture, 17th August 1945 University of Samarinda,

Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 80-Samarinda 75123

Mp 081545995696; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This geographical Sungai Pinang District area position 0o17‘30‖-

0o30‘00‖ LS dan 117

o06‘00‖-117

o22‘00‖ BT, with the 34.165 Ha.

Characteristics of rain this area included in he Area Class III (1500 –

2000 mm/ year). With the Bimodel or Double Wave rainfall models

with C patern. The hight rainfall depth periode at December and April,

therefore the low rainfall depth at September and November. Have

level Q = 9.2 %, or rainfall tipe A (very wet area with tropical wet

vegetation) and E1 agroclimte zone. Water Balance monthly indicated

that this area have potential growing season about 9 months, have to

water surplus 8 month (472, 6 mm year-1

) and water deficits about 3

months (44.5 mm/year).

Keywords : Water Balanced, Growing Season


AGPT117

EFFECT OF NUTRITION TO INSECT POLLINATED

TOMATOES AT LABORATORY SCALE

Kinasih1, I., R. E. Putra

2, & S. Susanti

2

1Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas

Islam Negeri Bandung Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung 2School of Life Sciences and Technology- Institut Teknologi Bandung,

Bandung , Indonesia,

Abstrak

Researches already showed insect pollination as main factor of fruit

formation. Insect mediated pollination believed able to increase

numbers of seed and amount of fruit body. However, not many

researches consider about the effect of nutrition to outcome of insect

pollination. This research tries to answer the question on this matter

using tomato as model plant. Results showed that fertilizer did not

affect number and weight of fruit produced. On the other hand, there

was no significant different on diameter of fruit between insect

pollinated fruits and non insect pollinated fruits (32.19 ± 4.16 mm and

30.78 ± 2.47 mm, respectively) for plant with fertilizer while it was

significantly different for plant without fertilizer (30.56 ± 4.18 mm

and 22.16 ± 9.99 mm). This research also showed low correlation

between nutrition on diameter of fruit produced by insect pollinated

(30.56 ± 4.18 mm and 32.19 ± 4.16 mm between plant without

additional nutrition and plant with additional nutrition, respectively)

while the opposite happened on non insect pollinated plants (22.16 ±

9.99 mm and 30.78 ± 2.47 mm between plant without additional

nutrition and plant with additional nutrition, respectively). Even

though this research showed that nutrition may reduce detrimental

effect of lack of pollination, yet it is needed to conduct further study

on bigger scale to prove the hypothesis.

Keywords: Tomato, Pollination, Nutrition, Fruit Diameter


AGPT118

GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO SOYBEAN

CULTIVARS USED SEED AFTER THREE MONTHS

STORAGE PERIOD1

Sumadi

Laboratory of Seed Technology, Department of Agronomy , Faculty of

Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran - Bandung.

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine the effect of quality seed

and two cultivars Anjasmoro Sindoro after three-month storage

period on growth and yield. The research was conducted in the

experiment station and laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,

Padjadjaran University from June 2009 - November 2009. The design

of the experiment used a split plot design with three replications. The

main plot is a cultivar, Anjasmoro and Sindoro, and the subplot is the

dose of clove oil consists of six levels, ie, without clove oil (stored in a

refrigerator and stored at room temperature conditions), clove oil

dose of 0.5 mL kg -1

seed, 1.0 mL kg-1

seed, 1.5 mL kg-1

seed and 2.0

mL kg-1

. Five couples of Callosobruchus maculatus F are invested

into the plastic bag. Furthermore, after a period of storage seed

planting in polybag containing 3 kg soil in the experiment station.

Polybag arrange according to treatment design. Results of this

research showed that the use of clove oil until 2 mL kg-1

was not

significant effect on growth of vegetative and even on reproductive.

Cultivar Anjasmoro and Sindoro have been stored for three months

with various doses of clove oil treatments and all treatments capable

producing seeds that approached the potential yield. The seeds are

appropriate stored at room temperature for 3 months the quality was

not significantly different with seed stored in the refrigerator on

growth and yield of plants.

Key word : Storage periode, Clove oil, soybean seed, growth, yield


AGPT119

RESPONSE OF GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF

PAKCHOY (Brassica campestris L., CHINENSIS GROUP)

TO ZEOLIT AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

APPLICATION AT ULTIOSOL JATINANGOR

Yayat Rochayat*, Anne Nuraini* & Saorlina Hutagalung **



e-mail : dryayat [email protected]



Abstract

This research were aimed to find out the response of growth, yield and

quality pakchoy plant (Brassica campestris L., Chinensis Group) to zeolit

and organic fertilizer application at Ultisol Jatinangor, along with to find out

the dosage of zeolit and organic fertilizer give the best of growth, yield and

quality pakchoy plant result gift zeolit and organic fertilizer at Ultiosol

Jatinangor. This research was done in May 2010 to June 2010, at green

house of Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Subdistrict Jatinangor

– Regency Sumedang with an altitude of about 700 m above sea level (dpl)

and soil order is ultisol with the type of climate building on fall of rain

including C3 based on Oldeman classification. Experimental design used

was Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consist of ten treatments and

three replications. The treatments were as follows: without zeolit and organic

fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg zeolit + 15 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 1,5

g/polibeg Zeolit + 15 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit + 15

g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/polibeg organic

fertilizer, 1,5 g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 2,25

g/polibeg Zeolit + 30 g/ organic fertilizer, 0,75 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45

g/polibeg organic fertilizer, 1,5 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45 g/polibeg organic

fertilizer, 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit +45 g/polibeg organic fertilizer. The research

shown that zeolit and organic fertilizer application at Ultisol Jatinangor

gave effect on growth and yield . The dosage of 2,25 g/polibeg Zeolit + 45

g/polibeg organic fertilizer gave better effect on plant height, leaf wide and

yield.

Keywords : Pakchoy, zeolit, organic fertilizer, Ultisol, growth, yield, quality



AGPT121

THE EFFECT OF Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz)

(Lecythidaceae) SEED EXTRACT ON Spodoptera litura

FABRICIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Danar Dono1)

, Andang Purnama1)

, & Delia Novianti Sukatwoko2)

1)

Lecturer of Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian,

Universitas Padjadjaran. 2)

Alumnus of Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian,


Abstract

Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) seed extract has insecticidal activity,

however it effect on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is not

obtained yet. The effect of B. asiatica seed extract on S. litura mortality and

oviposition were tested at Pesticide and Application Technic Laboratory,

Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Padjadjaran University,

Jatinangor, during December 2010 to March 2011 (700 m above sea level).

Experiment on toxicity test consisted of treatment: B. asiatica seed extract at

concentration of 0.05%; 0.10%; 0.21%; 0.42%; 0.85% and control. Each of

treatment was replicated three times. Treatment was done to get LC50, LT50

analyzed by probit analysis, and also determine the leaf area of feed

consumed, weight and time of growth on S. litura larvae were analyzed by

ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple range test. The effect of B. asiatica

seed extract on S. litura adult oviposition was done by spraying extract at

concentration of 0.11%; 0.25%; 0.54% (equal with LC25, LC50 and LC75) and

control on taro leaf. Data oviposition test were analyzed by ANOVA and

followed by Duncan multiple range test. The result showed that B. asiatica

seed extract were toxic on S. litura larvae with LC50 value at 12 days after

application of 0.25%. Beside toxic, extract at concentration of 0.85% inhibit

feeding activity (antifeedant), reduce weight and extend time of growth on S.

litura larvae. B. asiatica seed extract treatment at concentration of 0.54%

(equal with LC75) inhibited oviposition of S. litura adult.

Keywords: Barringtonia asiatica, Spodoptera litura, mortality, lethal concentration,

oviposition


AGPT122*

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING TECHNIQUE ON

PHYTOCHEMICAL RETENTION OF MISAI KUCING

(Orthosipon Stamineus)

Rosalizan Md Saleh, Syukri Mohd Ali, Ahmad Tarmizi Sapii, Rasali Musa,

Osman Mamat

Rice & Industrial Crops Research Centre

Malaysian Agriculture Research & Development Institute (MARDI), MARDI

Headquarters, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Drying is very important as a preservation technique to prolong shelf life of

crop after harvest. In freshly harvested herbs such as misai kucing, the

presence of water hastens phytochemical degradation due to enzymatic

processes. Drying could also result in loss of phytochemical and flavour.

Drying process must be carried out as evenly as possible and need to be

completed fast. Inadequate drying will give rise to microbial infection,

whereas over drying will result in drastic phytochemical loss. Most herbs

such as misai kucing should be dried to less than 10% moisture content to be

in equilibrium with room/ambient‘s humidity and temperature, i.e. moisture

content safe for storage condition. Although, drying at low temperature of

50°C to 60°C could potentially reduces phytochemical loss, but the long

drying time needed had caused drastic loss of phytochemical. So, the

objective of this experiment is to evaluate the retention of phytochemical in

misai kucing by using different drying technique. Freshly harvested misai

kucing was dried using different type of dryer namely fluidized bed dryer

(FBD), low temperature-low humidity dryer (LTLH), barn dryer, solar dryer

and freeze dryer. Freeze drying has shown highest retention of

phytochemical with longer drying time as compared with FBD, LTLH and

barn dryer but this technique is very expensive in term of energy

consumption. The dryer with fastest drying rate is fluidized bed dryer but the

loss of total flavonoids is almost halves as compared with freeze dryer. Solar

dryer has shown good retention of phytochemical such as total phenolics,

total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity as compared with other

dryer(s) and the drying time is longest among others. So base on that, it is

recommended to dry misai kucing using solar dryer because this technique is

cheapest with zero operating cost.



AGPT124

EMPOWERMENT MODEL OF THE POOR IN DISASTER PRONE

AREAS IN SELO SUB DISTRICT, BOYOLALI DISTRICT AS

EFFORT TO REALIZE LIVESTOCK AGROTOURISM

Emawati1, S. & E.T. Rahayu

2

1, 2

Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret

University,

Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine a model formulation of the

empowerment of the poor in an effort to realize the optimization potential of

the livestock agrotourism farms with local resources. Expected outcomes of

this research is the publication of scientific journals of local / national and

the formulation of a model of empowerment of the poor in disaster-prone

areas as an effort to create the livestock agrotourism. The method to

determine the location and sampling of respondents is to cluster sampling

technique (sampling area). This research uses research explanations. To

determine the empowerment of communities to use the method of

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). PRA

and RRA is a method that puts the community as researchers, planners,

implementers, as the appraisal of development programs so that researchers

and stakeholders who are involved as facilitators and community as the

implementer. Data collection technique is to observation, documentation,

interviews and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that

models of community development should be formulated from a combination

or blend of the physical capital factor, human capital, social capital,

capability of empowerment and the empowerment process can be realized.

The goal is to create an empowered community, strength and capable of

helping themselves. The results showed that the models which is formulated

in an effort to realize agrotourism farms in disaster prone areas in Selo Sub

District, Boyolali District is Crop-Livestock System Model. The farm

recommendations which attempted to run its business is PFH beef cattle

fattening.

Keywords: Community empowerment, Empowerment models, Poverty, Disaster

Prone Areas, FGD


AGPT125

APPLICATIONS OF N, P, K AND EMAS

BIOFERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF

LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AT JELEKONG,

BANDUNG.

Djasmara 1)

, S., A. W. Irwan 2)

& K. Saifullah 3)

1,2,3


45363,Indonesia.

Abstract

The purpose of trial was to find out the best applications of Emas plus

several dosages of NPK on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Situ

Bagendit variety. Emas is a PT. Bio Industri Nusantara product which

contained Azotobacter beijerinckii as a nitrogen-binding bacteria and soil

aggregate ameliorant, Azospirillum lipoverum as a atmospheric nitrogen

binding baceria, Aeromonas punctata as a phosphate-dissolving bacteria,

and Aspergillus niger as a soil aggregate improver. The trial was carried out

at the Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University

at Jelekong, Bale Endah, Bandung at the altitude of 672 m above sea level.

Trial was conducted from Januari to April 2005. Randomnized Block Design

was used in this trial with five treatments and five replications. The

treatments were: A = No fertilizer applications as a control, B = Full dosage

of NPK (200 kg ha-1

Urea + 85 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 50 kg ha-1

KCl), C = Full

dosage of NPK (200 kg ha-1

Urea + 85 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 50 kg ha-1

KCl) + 60

kg ha-1

Emas biofertilizer, D = ¾ dosage of NPK (150 kg ha-1

Urea + 63,75

kg ha-1

SP-36 + 37,5 kg ha-1

KCl) + 60 kg ha-1

Emas, E = ½ dosage of NPK

(100 kg ha-1

Urea + 42,5 kg ha-1

SP-36 + 25 kg ha-1

KCl) + 60 kg ha-1

Emas.

The results showed that all NPK treated plots and NPK plus Emas

combinations plots were higher on plant height, leaf area index, number of

panicles per hill, number of filled grains per panicle, weight of 1000 filled

grains, milled grain dry weight per plot compared to control (no fertilizer

applications). Full NPK dosage compared to NPK plus Emas combination

treatments were non significant.

Keywords: Lowland rice, Situ Bagendit, NPK, Emas biofertilizer


AGPT127

THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOPERIOD, IAA, AND

PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOYBEAN PLANT

AND THEIR EFFECT TO SEED QUALITY

Rudi Hartawan

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Batanghari University, Jambi


Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of photoperiod,

indole acetic acid, and phosphorus on soybean plant and seed

composition and seed quality during storage. The trial was carried

out at Sebapo Experimental Station, Jambi, Center for Post Harvest

Research and Development, The Ministry of Agriculture and Center

for Forest Research and Development, The Ministry of Forestry,

Bogor from November 2009 until June 2010. The experimental design

used was factorial experiment in split-split plot design consisted of

three factors, i.e photoperiod (12 and 14 hours 54 minutes) as the

main plot, concentrations of IAA (0, 75, and 150 ppm) as sub plot, and

dosages of phosphorus (0, 60, and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1

) as sub sub plot.

The result showe that photoperiod, IAA, and phosphorus had

significant effect on seed composition and seed quality. The path

analysis and step up regression showed that the seed protein content

has the largest coefficient compared to other variables. The treatment

of soybean plant with 14 hours 54 minutes photoperiod combined with

IAA of 75 ppm and P2O5 of 120 kg ha-1

resulted in height seed quality

during 90 days of storage in room temperature.

Keywords : seed technology, food crops, and seed physiology


AGPT128

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

Metarhizium anisopliae INFECTION TO THE

PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY OF Oxya japonica

(ORTHOPTERA : ACRIDIDAE)

Melanie, S.Si., M.Si.1 , Dr. Tjandra Anggraeni2, Dr. Wardono Niloperbowo3

Ramdhani Eka Putra 4

1) Departemen Biology of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Padjadjaran

University

email: [email protected] 2,3 & 4 ) School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB

email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

As in the other animals, insect posses‘an effective immune defenses to

combat entering pathogens. Such defenses are associated with celluler

reactions and humoral reactions. On the other hand, the use of insect

pathogens to control the insect pest is one of the support system in the

success of integrated pest management since chemical insecticides become a

major problem in the environment. Therefore, to increase our understanding

in insect immune system related with insect pathology. The research methode

was used Completely Randomize Design, with dose infections as single factor,

there are 0 (control), 1.5 x 102, 1.5 x 10

3, 1.5 x 10

4, 1.5 x 10

5 spore/individual.

The activity PPO was measured by absorbant increased which showed the

reaction of enzime with L-DOPA subtrate. The result was showed that the

infection of Metarhizium anisopliae influenced the humoral immune response

of O. japonica, it showed by increasing of the phenoloxidase activity

significantly (P<0.050). The levels of phenoloxidase in control insects

increase significantly 12 h after treatment for all doses. We found that

average phenoloxidase activities of infected adults of O. japonica were not

correlated with doses of M. anisopliae applied (one-way anova, F = 0.46, P

= 0.76), even though the trend increased until doses of 1.5 x104

conidia/adult.The humoral immune response of O. japonica was induced by

M. anisopliae infection, and it showed by increasing of the phenoloxidase

activity significantly (P<0.050).

Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Oxya japonica, pathogen, humoral defense,

phenoloxidase, prophenoloxidase





AGPT129

THE CONSERVATION OF GAMBIERS BIODIVERSITY

IN WEST SUMATRA

Hamda Fauza1*, Istino Ferita1, Nurainas2, Jamsari1, Azmi Dhalimi3, Ahmad Denian4, &

Murdaningsih H. Karmana5

1Faculty of Agriculture of Andalas University Padang 25163 , Indonesia,

2Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Science of Andalas University Padang 25163, Indonesia 3Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Bogor Indonesia

4Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia 5Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia

*Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manih Padang 2516,

Phone : 0751-72776; Fax.: 0751-72702; email: [email protected]

Abstract

Gambier is one of the highest economical and prospective commodities of

small holder plantation which prospect to be commercially developed in the

next future. Gambier plant (Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb.) is a bush plant

of the family Rubiceae consisted of 34 genus, of which one genus found in

Africa, two genus in America, and the others in tropical regions of Asia

largely contained in the Indonesian archipelago. Beside Uncaria gambier,

there are other species that produce catechine (the main component to be

contained of gambier) the spread at various locations in West Sumatra. The

efforts to obtain the superior genotype of gambier through plant breeding is

still limited regarded to only few previous studies which is still far from what

is expected. The availability of natural resource germplasm with a wide

genetic variability and the accurate of its genetic information is one of the

essential aspects of its plant breeding program and biodiversity management.

Several series of studies have been conducted within the framework of

conservation of gambier biodIrversity which aims to obtain information

about the existence of gambier biodiversity and preparation of genetic

material in the assembly of superior crop cultivars gambier. The objectives

of this study was to provide information of wild gambiers species in several

location in West Sumatra. The research is being designed by explored and

identified of wild species of the genus Uncaria based on phenotypic

performance at 20 locations in eight districts in West Sumatra. The

conclusion of the study showed that there were 13 species in the location

explored, consisting of : Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roxb., U. ferrea (Bl.) DC.,

U. gambier (Hunter) Roxb., U. jasminiflora Hook., U. macrophylla Wall., U.

roxburghiana Korth., U. sclerophylla (Hunter) Roxb., U. gabrata, U.

pteropoda Miq., and four species that have not been identified.

Keywords: Gambier, Biodiversity, Uncaria



AGPT130

POTENCY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF SOME

PLANTSAS BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL

Plutella xylostella Larvae

(LEPIDOPTERA:PLUTELLIDAE)

Agus Susanto1, Luciana Djaya

1, Nenet Susniahti

1 & Bernadita Wulan

Novianti2

1Lab. Entomologi, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases,


Abstract

Plutella xylostella is one of the major pests on cabbage plants. To control

this pest, the farmers usually use synthetic pesticides. The alternative control

method that can be done isthe use of botanical pesticides. This experiment

was objected to determine the potency of the crude extract of leaves of noni

(Morinda citrifolia), leaves of basil (Ocimum americanum), leaves of tobacco

(Nicotiana tabacum), leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and leaves of

thuja(Thuja orientalis)as botanical insecticides of Plutella xylostellalarvae.

The experimentwas carried out at the Laboratory of Pesticides and

Application Technique, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of

Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, from December 2010 to

February 2011. The experimentwas arranged in the randomized block design

consisting of eleven treatments and three replications. Methodsinthis

research involved the extraction of plant leaves (noni, basil, tobacco, tomato

and thuja) and application of the extracts on the feed of P. xylostella larvae

by dipping method. The concentration of the extracts were2% and 4% (v/v).

The result showed that 2% to 4% of the crude extracts of noni leaves, tomato

leaves, thuja leaves, tobacco leaves and basil leaves were not potential as

botanical insecticides against the larvae of P. xylostella.

Keywords : crude extract, botanical insecticide, Plutella xylostella


AGPT131

INTEGRATION OF SRI AND FISH FARMING FOR

FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

Arlius, F1. & E.G. Ekaputra

2

1&2Lab. Land and Water Engineering, Andalas University, Padang,

25146 Indonesia,

Abstract

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), in West Sumatra is known as

Padi Tanaman Sabatang (PTS) was developed in Madagascar some

25 years ago, and has recently been popularized in other countries in

sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. SRI involves four major

changes from conventional rice production : 1) The seedlings grown

in the nursery beds are transplanted after just 8-10 days, or at the 2-

leaf stage, 2) Seedlings are transplanted singly, not in a bunch, 3)

Seedlings are transplanted at a wide spacing, from 20 to 50 cm apart,

4) Much less water is kept on. Integrating SRI and fish farming, has

been examined in Nagari Pasir Talang, Solok Selatan District and

West Sumatra. This experiment gave a 7.8 ton/ha of rice yield and

280 kg of fish. SRI-fish farming found as an effective approach to

increasing the income of rural farmer households. Increasing rice

production is making substantial contribution to food security, while

fish production may reduce the dependence of families on other

livestock and can be traded for income. Without chemical fertilizers

and pesticides, farmers minimize spending for input, and contributed

significantly to the environment. The symbiotic system of SRI-fish

farming, living organisms produced in the rice field can be utilized by

fish, and the fecal matter of fish also serves as rich organic fertilizer

for rice. Practice of SRI-fish farming also maximizes the utilization of

water resources.

Keywords: SRI, fish farming, padi tanam sabatang


AGPT132

AGROFORESTRY AS A SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE SYSTEM

D. S. Widaningsih

Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University

Abstract

Agroforestry is a system of natural resource management in dynamic

ecology by planting trees on agricultural land or pasture grazing to

obtain various products in a sustainable manner. The aim of this

investigation was evaluating the role of agroforestry systems in terms

of ecological aspects, especially the impact on the amount of eroded

soil and runoff, 2) analyzing the role of agroforestry systems in terms

of economic aspects, especially on income and expenditure of farm on

agroforestry cropping systems, as well as the suitability for cultivated

on dry land. 3) Identifying the appropriate agroforestry system with

sociocultural of local farmers. The method used in the assessment of

agroforestry systems in terms of ecology, economics and social

aspects of culture. An Agroforestry system in terms of ecologically

was capable to hold the soil against erosion and runoff that occurred

in dry land farming, especially lands that had steep slopes. The result

showed that Agroforestry system in terms of economic aspects was

worth to be done, it gave benefit to farmers, and provided the same

total revenue with the system of planting crops. Agroforestry system in

terms of social aspects of culture wass a cropping system that was in

conformity with the state of socioculture of farmers. Agroforestry

business had been long applied by farmers in Indonesia, especially in

the area of the island in Java. Agroforestry farming system was

sustainable farming because it it gave benefit on sustainable

ecological, economic and it was worth to be done in sociocultural that

had same condition with the sociocultural of farmers who did it. .

Keywords: Agroforestry; Agriculture; Cropping system.


AGPT133

BACTERIAL CONTRIBUTION ENDOFITIK FASTENING N2 N

CONTENT IN IMPROVING PLANT, AND RESULTS UPLAND RICE

COPY TO REGIONAL LAND DISTRICT PANTURA INDRAMAYU

Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Pujawati Suryatmana, dan Ridha Hudaya

Jurusan Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran,

Bandung


ABTRACT

Experiments were designed to obtain the contribution of endophytic

N2-fixing bacteria inoculants on upland rice plants that grown in

saline soils can eliminate salinity effect that decreased mineral uptake

therefore that bacteria could supply nitrogen through N2 fixation. The

experiments method was used are Randomized Block Design in

Factorial pattern. The medium for upland rice plants growth was

saline soil from Panyingkiran Lor village, Cantigi district of

Indramayu. Result of the experiments showed that the upland rice

was inoculated with mix inoculants of endophytic N2-fixing

bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp.) and

incorporated with N fertilizer 60 kg/ha have the better in N

content and paddy dry grain (41.57 g Dry Weight Grain). N

fertilizer substitute with mix inoculants of endophytic N2-fixing

bacteria on saline soils from Panyingkiran Lor village, Cantigi

district of Indramayu was 50 %. The increase of paddy dry

grain affected of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria inoculants was

25.41 %.

Keywords: Endophytic bacteria, N2-fixation, saline soils, Pseudomonas sp.,

Acinetobacter sp.



AGPT134

CHARACTERIZATION PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF

SOIL MICROBES AND CATALYTIC STRENGTH ON

ORGANIC PHOSPHOROUS MINERALIZATION

Betty N. Fitriatin, Benny Joy*, and Toto Subroto**

*Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran

** Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Universitas Padjadjaran


Abstract

The objective oh this experiment was to examine of phosphatase enzyme

activity from soil microbe (bacteria and Fungi)i.e. Pseudomonas mallei,

Bacillus subtilis, Aspergilus niger and Penicillium sp., respectively, which

was tested can dissolve inorganic P to found out its characteristic

biochemically. Furthermore, the aim of the experiment also to examine

catalysis strength on mineralization of soil organic P process. The result of

experiment showed that the kind of substrate and pH of medium affect

phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergilus

niger and Penicillium sp microbes, respectively. In general, those four

microbe on medium with organic P substrate of phytic acid (myo-inositol

heksakisphosphate) was substrate gave highest phosphatase activity compare

to organic P substrate from glycerophosphate disodium salt, phenil

phosphate or α-D-glucose 1-phosphate dosidium salt. On the other hand, the

highest dissolve P was obtained from medium which contain

glycerophosphate disodium salt. Increasing of organic P substrate

(glycerophosphate dosodium salt) and inorganic P (KH2PO4) affect

phosphatase enzyme activity and the amount of dissolve P. Furthermore,

increasing of organic P substrate increase phosphatase activity; on the

contrary, addition to inorganic P decrease phosphatase activity.

Phosphatase activity for each microbe showed different response due to

heavy metal. Heavy metal with low concentration (1 mM) was as activator,

while on high concentration (10 mM) was act as inhibitor since phosphatase

activity and disolve P decrased. The examine of catalysis strength of organic

P hydrolisis process using natural organic P substrate and synthetic

significantly affect phosphatase activity and dissolve P on incubation time of

three, six, and nine day, respectively. Each kind of microbe tested increase

phosphatase activity and dissolve P after application of treatment with

phosphate Glicerol synthetic substrate.

Key words : Catalytic, mineralization, phosphatase



AGPT135

THE SUCCESS OF HAND-POLLINATION BY USING HOT-WATER

EMASCULATION METHOD ON THREE INDICA RICE

CULTIVARS AND ITS F1 POLLEN STERILITY TESTING

Triya Ariyanti, Nono Carsono, and Murdaningsih Haeruman K.

Lab of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas

Padjadjaran,

Campus Jatinangor, Sumedang 40600

Author for Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Hot water emasculation is one of methods in rice hybridization to

deactivating pollen which mostly applied by Japanese researchers.

Meanwhile, crossing between Oryza sativa sub-species indica with ssp.

japonica have strong heterosis but the partial sterility of hybrids has been a

major drawback for utilization the progeny. This experiment was aimed to

determine the appropiate temperature for high success emasculation by hot

water and to detect F1 progeny may have hybrid sterility by pollen sterility

testing. Field experiments were carried out during December 2009 until

December 2010 in green house at Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia.

Experiments were arranged in factorial completely randomized design

(CRD) using three low land rice varieties ssp. indica and ssp. japonica one

genotype KA with three combinations of hybridization and three temperature

regimes as treatment and replicated three times. Pollen sterility was

observed under a light microscope using propionic orcein staining method.

Result showed that hot water emasculation method with temperature 43°C-

45°C during 7 minutes could be applied in three cultivars: IR 64, Ciherang,

and Ciapus. An interaction was found between temperature emasculation

with genotype, where temperature 43°C was very effective only for Ciapus,

emasculation in IR64 was effective by using temperature of 44°C, and

temperature 45°C was effective for Ciherang. Three indica cultivars differed

in their responses to emasculation temperature and there was a partial

sterility in F1 population from each pair cross combination. The early

maturity trait was obviously appeared in F1 progeny, however the high

productivity was not.

Key words: hot water emasculation method, hybridization, pollen sterility, rice.


AGPT136

REDUCING CALLUS INDUCTION TIME FOR HIGH REGENERATION

CAPACITY FOR THREE RICE GENOTYPES TOWARDS PRODUCING

LOW FREQUENCY OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS

Liberty2, Nono Carsono

1, Endah Juarsih

3,

Meddy Rachmadi1 and Murdaningsih HK

1

Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas

Padjadjaran

Campus Jatinangor Ujungberung Bandung 40600


Abstract

The occurrence of somaclonal variants was avoided during the course of transgenic rice development. Reducing time required for in vitro culture i.e., from callus induction to plant

regeneration, was preferred to obtain transgenic rice plant with normal phenotypes. The aim of

this research was to obtain the best callus induction time on plant regeneration capacity of three rice cultivars grown on different 2,4-D concentrations in NB5 medium. Mature seed of rice

embryo was used as explants. Experiment was arranged in randomized complete design with two

replications. Four level of 2,4-D concentration (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 3 ppm, 5 ppm), three rice cultivars (KA, Fatmawati, and Nipponbare) and two different induction time (one week and two

weeks were applied in this experiment. Result revealed that there was no significant genotype x

2,4-D concentration x callus induction time interaction observed, nevertheless significant interaction effect between genotype x concentration and concentration x time were found as well

as significant main effect was observed in all variable. In case of genotype x concentration

interaction, callus diameter of 0 ppm 2,4-D were significantly different from 5 ppm. The best callus diameter was reached by 0 ppm and 3 ppm of 2,4-D. Callus diameter of KA and

Fatmawati cultivars were also significantly different from Nipponbare. Number of plantlet grew

in 0 ppm and 3 ppm 2,4-D was also significant. In case of concentration x time interaction, significant different were found between 0 ppm and 5 ppm of 2,4-D. For time of emergence

greenspot, the significant different were found with the best induction time is one week. In case

of genotype x callus induction time, callus diameter and time of greenspot emergence showed the significant result. Callus diameter of KA was significantly different with those of Nipponbare.

The best induction time for green spot emergence is one week. Generally, one week callus

induction time was the best for three rice cultivars which is shown by high regeneration frequency and growing normal plantlet. Two week induction time obtained high number of

somaclonal variants and produced rhizozenic callus and abnormal plant phenotypes i.e. dwarf

plant and curl and crease of leaves. Concentration of 2,4-D O ppm and 3 ppm was produced the best response in subculture stage. Genotypes KA and Fatmawati performed better growth

response and developed the plantlet, while greenspot emergence was faster for callus with one

week induction. Number of plantlet reduced by the occurrence of 2,4-D during callus subculture.

Key words: in vitro, callus induction, plant regeneration and somaclonal

variants



AGPT137

POPULATION BUILD-UP OF BROWN PLANTHOPPERS ON DB1

TRANSGENIC AND NON-TRANSGENIC RICE CULTIVARS

Nono Carsono

1, Gigih Ibnu Prayoga

1, Nuri K Willis

1, Danar Dono

1,

Agus Wahyudin1, Diani Damayanti

2, M. Herman

2 and Kinya Toriyama

3

1)

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Campus Jatinangor

Bandung 40600, Author for correspondence: [email protected] 2)

ICABIOGRAD/BB Biogen Bogor; 3)

Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai,

Japan

Abstract

Brown planthopper (BPH) is well-known as the major pest in rice cultivation

in Indonesia. Development of BPH resistant rice cultivar is the ideal option

for economic and effective management of BPH. Db1 gene (mannose-binding

lectin family gene), isolated from Dioscorea batatas, is proven to be effective

against some sup-sucking insects. This gene has been transferred to rice cv.

Taichung-65 and currently homozygous transgenic rice line has been

selected. The research was aimed to obtain transgenic Db1 rice lines and

non-transgenic rice lines that resistance to BPH. Genotypes used were

transgenic rice cultivar of Taichung-65 with Db1 insertion, non-transgenic

rice cultivars i.e. Taichung-65, PTB-33, Rathu Heenati, Babawee, IR-64, IR-

42, Ciherang, and Cisadane. Two colonies of brown planthopper i.e. colony

Sukamandi (biotype 2) and colony North Sumatera (biotype 3) were used in

this study. The experiment was conducted at transgenic containment

ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Number of BPH population was recorded from 1st to

7th

observation. Results showed that cv. PTB-33 could reduce development of

BPH population from 1st to 7

th observation (the last observation). From 3rd

to the last observation, BPH population on transgenic rice line (Taichung-65

with Db1), tended to increase. Number of BPH adults on cv. PTB-33 was the

least amount of BPH adults, except for colony Sukamandi. Furthermore, in

this colony, the least amount of adult winged BPH (Macroptera) was found

on cv. IR-42. It is concluded that BPH population build-up is not depended

on cultivar reaction including transgenic Taichung-65 (with Db1) and other

resistance and susceptible cultivars.

Key words: Brown planthopper, DB1 transgene, Population build-up.



LIST OF SPONSORS

1. Bank Mandiri

2. PT. Syngenta Indonesia

3. PT Vitafarm

Vitafarm

4. BRI

5. BNI 46,

6. Bank BJB

Documents

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