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04/06/2015 MainPageIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
http://www.kumotrader.com/ichimoku_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page 1/3
MainPageRecentchangesKumoTraderForum
MainPageFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
WelcometoIchiWiki,thedefinitivereferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystem!
Ifyou'vecomelookingforinformationonIchimokuKinkoHyo,you'vecometotherightplace!
InordertoseeavideoononeofthekeyIchimokustrategies,youcangotohttp://ichimokutrade.com.
ForQ&A,youcangotohttp://kumotrader.com.
"AnyInstrument,AnyTimeframe,&NoExpiration"
Contents
IntroductiontoIchimokuQuickDescriptionHistoryEquilibrium"AtaGlance"IchimokuComponentsIchimokuSettings
TheFiveLinesofIchimokuTheTenkanSenTheKijunSenTheChikouSpan
04/06/2015 MainPageIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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TheSenkouSpanATheSenkouSpanB
TheKumoTheBasicsABetterMeasureofSupportandResistancePrice'sRelationshiptotheKumoKumoWidthKumoSentimentFlatTop/BottomKumos
TrendTradingIntroductionIchimokuKinkoHyoandTrendTrading
IchimokuTradingStrategiesREADTHISFIRST!TenkanSen/KijunSenCrossKijunSenCrossKumoBreakoutSenkouSpanCrossChikouSpanCross
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04/06/2015 IntroductionIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
http://www.kumotrader.com/ichimoku_wiki/index.php?title=Introduction 1/5
MainPageRecentchangesKumoTraderForum
IntroductionFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
Contents
1QuickDescription2History3EquilibriumAtaGlance4IchimokuComponents5IchimokuSettings
QuickDescription
IchimokuKinkoHyoisapurposebuilttrendtradingchartingsystemthathasbeensuccessfullyusedinnearlyeverytradeablemarket.Itisuniqueinmanyways,butitsprimarystrengthisitsuseofmultipledatapointstogivethetraderadeeper,morecomprehensiveviewintopriceaction.Thisdeeperview,andthefactthatIchimokuisaveryvisualsystem,enablesthetradertoquicklydiscernandfilter"ataglance"thelowprobabilitytradingsetupsfromthoseofhigherprobability.
History
ThechartingsystemofIchimokuKinkoHyowasdevelopedbyaJapanesenewspapermannamedGoichiHosoda.HebegandevelopingthissystembeforeWorldWarIIwiththehelpofnumerousstudentsthathehiredtorunthroughtheoptimumformulasandscenariosanalogoustohowwewouldusecomputersimulatedbacktestingtodaytotestatradingsystem.Thesystemitselfwasfinallyreleasedtothepublicin1968,aftermorethantwentyyearsoftesting,whenMr.Hosodapublishedhisbookwhichincludedthefinalversionofthesystem.
04/06/2015 IntroductionIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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IchimokuKinkoHyohasbeenusedextensivelyinAsiantradingroomssinceHosodapublishedhisbookandhasbeenusedsuccessfullytotradecurrencies,commodities,futures,andstocks.EvenwithsuchwildpopularityinAsia,IchimokudidnotmakeitsappearanceintheWestuntilthe1990sandthen,duetotheutterlackofinformationinEnglishonhowtouseit,itwasmostlyrelegatedtothecategoryofanother"exotic"indicatorbythegeneraltradingpublic.Onlynow,intheearly21stcentury,arewesterntradersreallybeginningtounderstandthepowerofthischartingsystem.
EquilibriumAtaGlance
ThenameIchimokuKinkoHyo,whichtranslatesto"Equilibriumchartataglance"aptlydescribesthesystemandhowitistobeused,asdescribedbelow:
WhileIchimokuutilizesfiveseparatelinesorcomponents,theyarenottobeusedindividually,inisolation,whenmakingtradingdecisions,butratherusedtogethertoformanintegrated"whole"pictureofpriceactionthatcanbegleaned"ataglance".Thus,asimplelookatanIchimokuchartshouldprovidetheIchimokupractitionerwithanearlyimmediateunderstandingofsentiment,momentumandstrengthoftrend.
Priceactionisconstantlymeasuredorgaugedfromtheperspectiveofwhetheritisinrelativeequilibriumordisequilibrium.Hosodastronglybelievedthatthemarketwasadirectreflectionofhumangroupdynamicsorbehavior.Hefeltthathumanbehaviorcouldbedescribedintermsofaconstantcyclicalmovementbothawayfromandbacktowardsequilibriumintheirlivesandinteractions.EachofthefivecomponentsthatmakeupIchimokuprovideitsownreflectionofthisequilibriumorbalance.
IchimokuComponents
TheIchimokuchartiscomposedoffive(5)separateindicatorlines.Theselinesworktogethertoformthecomplete"Ichimokupicture".Asummaryofhoweachlineiscalculatedisoutlinedbelow:
TENKANSEN("turningline")
(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast9periods
Learnmore
KIJUNSEN("standardline")(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast26periods
Learnmore
CHIKOUSPAN("laggingline")CURRENTCLOSINGPRICEtimeshiftedbackwards(intothepast)26periods
04/06/2015 IntroductionIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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Learnmore
SENKOUSPANA("1stleadingline")
(TENKANSEN+KIJUNSEN)/2timeshiftedforwards(intothefuture)26periods
Learnmore
SENKOUSPANB("2ndleadingline")
(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast52periodstimeshiftedforwards(intothefuture)26periods
Learnmore
ThesenkouspanAandBdeservespecialmentionhereasthey,together,formtheIchimoku"kumo"orcloud.Wecoverthekumoanditsmyriadfunctionsinmoredetailinthesection"Thekumo".
Thechartbelow(FIGUREI)providesavisualrepresentationofeachofthesefivecomponents:
04/06/2015 IntroductionIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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FIGUREIIchimokuComponents
IchimokuSettings
AsyoucanseeintheIchimokuComponentssectionabove,eachlinecalculationhasoneandsometimestwodifferentsettingsbasedonthenumberofperiodsconsidered.Aftermuchresearchandbacktesting,GoichiHosodafinallydeterminedthatthesettingsof9,26and52weretheidealsettingsforobtainingoptimumresultswithIchimoku.Hederivedthenumber26fromwhatwasthenthestandardJapanesebusinessmonth(whichincludedSaturdays).Thenumber9representsaweekandahalfandthenumber52representstwomonths.
ThestandardsettingsforanIchimokuKinkoHyochartare9,26,52.
Thereissomedebatearoundwhetherornotthesesettingsof9,26,52arestillvalidgiventhatthestandardworkmonthhereintheWestdoesnotinclude
04/06/2015 IntroductionIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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Saturdays.Inaddition,innoncentralizedmarketsthatdonotkeepstandardbusinesshoursliketheForex(whichtradesaroundtheclock)somehavepositedthattheremaybemoreappropriatesettings.Nevertheless,weatBoersma&Hunt,aswellasmostotherprofessionalIchimokutraders,agreethatthestandardsettingsof9,26,52workextremelywellanddonotneedtobealtered.
Theargumentcouldbemadethat,sinceIchimokuKinkoHyofunctionsasafinelytuned,integratedwhole,changingthesettingstosomethingotherthanthestandardcouldthrowthesystemoutofbalanceandintroduceinvalidsignals.
Thus,forthepurposesofdescribingIchimokuKinkoHyowithinthiswiki,itwillbeassumedthatthestandardsettingsarebeingused.
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IchimokucomponentsFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
Contents
1TenkanSen2KijunSen3ChikouSpan4SenkouSpanA5SenkouSpanB
TenkanSen
Thetenkansen,aswehavealreadymentionedinourIntroductionsection,iscalculatedinthefollowingmanner:
TENKANSEN("turningline")
(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast9periods
Whilemanymaycomparethetenkansentoasimple9periodsimplemovingaverage(SMA),itisquitedifferentinthesensethatitmeasurestheaverageofprice'shighesthighandlowestlowforthelast9periods.Hosodabelievedthatusingtheaverageofpriceextremesoveragivenperiodoftimewasabettermeasureofequilibriumthanmerelyusinganaverageoftheclosingprice.ThisstudyofthetenkansenwillprovideuswithourfirstforayintothekeyaspectofequilibriumthatissoprevalentintheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystem.
ConsiderthechartinFigureIbelow:
04/06/2015 IchimokucomponentsIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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FIGUREITenkanSenvs.9PeriodSMA
Ascanbeseeninthechart,thetenkansenoftenexhibits"flattening"whereasthe9periodSMAdoesnot.Thisisduetothefactthatthetenkansenusestheaverageofthehighesthighandlowestlowratherthananaverageoftheclosingprice.Thus,duringperiodsofpriceranging,thetenkansenwillclearlyshowthemidpointoftherangeviaitsflataspect.
Whenthetenkansenisflat,itessentiallyindicatesatrendlessconditionoverthelast9periods.
Itcanalsobeseenhowthetenkansenprovidesamuchmoreaccuratelevelofpricesupportthandoesthe9periodSMA.Withonlyoneexception,price
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actionstayedabovethetenkanseninthethreehighlightedareasofthechart,whilepricebrokebelowtheSMAnumeroustimes.Thisisduetothemoreconservativemannerinwhichthetenkanseniscalculated,whichmakesitlessreactivetosmallmovementsinprice.Onabearishchart,thetenkansenwilllikewiseactasalevelofresistance.
Theangleofthetenkansencanalsogiveusanideaoftherelativemomentumofpricemovementsoverthelast9periods.Asteeplyangledtenkansenwillindicateanearlyverticalpriceriseoverashortperiodoftimeorstrongmomentum,whereasaflattertenkansenwillindicatelowermomentumornomomentumoverthatsametimeperiod.
Thetenkansenandthekijunsenbothmeasuretheshortertermtrend.Ofthetwo,thetenkansenisthe"fastest"giventhatitmeasurestrendoverthepast9periodsasopposedtothekijunsen's26periods.Thus,giventheveryshorttermnatureofthetenkansen,itisnotasreliableanindicatoroftrendasmanyothercomponentsofIchimoku.Nevertheless,pricebreachingthetenkansencangiveanearlyindicationofatrendchange,though,likeallIchimokusignals,thisshouldbeconfirmedbytheotherIchimokucomponentsbeforemakinganytradingdecision.
Oneoftheprimaryusesofthetenkansenisvisavisitsrelationtothekijunsen.Ifthetenkansenisabovethekijunsen,thenthatisabullishsignal.Likewise,ifthetenkansenisbelowthekijunsen,thenthatisbearish.Thecrossoverofthesetwolinesisactuallyatradingsignalonitsown,attopicthatiscoveredinmoredetailinourIchimokuTradingStrategiessection.
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KijunSen
Thekijunseniscalculatedinthefollowingmanner:
KIJUNSEN("standardline")
(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast26periods
Thekijunsenisoneofthetrue"workhorses"ofIchimokuKinkoHyoandithasmyriadapplications.Likeitsbrother,thetenkansen,thekijunsenmeasurestheaverageofprice'shighesthighandlowestlow,thoughitdoessooveralongertimeframeof26periodsasopposedtothetenkansen's9periods.Thetenkansenthusprovidesuswithalltheinformationthetenkansendoes,justonalongertimeframe.
Duetothelongertimeperioditmeasures,thekijunsenisamorereliableindicatorofshorttermpricesentiment,strengthandequilibriumthanthetenkansen.Ifpricehasbeenranging,thenthekijunsenwillreflecttheverticalmidpointofthatrange(priceequilibrium)viaitsflataspect.Oncepriceexceedseitherthelasthighesthighorlowestlowwithinthelast26periods,however,thekijunsenwillreflectthatbyeitheranglingupordown,respectively.Thus,shorttermtrendcanbemeasuredbythedirectionofthekijunsen.Inaddition,therelativeangleofthekijunsenwillindicatethestrengthormomentumofthetrend.
Priceequilibriumisexpressedevenmoreaccuratelyinthekijunsenthaninthetenkansen,giventhelongerperiodoftimeitconsiders.Thus,thekijunsencanberelieduponasasignificantlevelofpricesupportandresistance(seehighlightedareasinFigureIIbelow).
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FIGUREIIKijunSenSupport
Pricetendstomovealternatelyawayfromandbacktowardthekijunseninacyclicalfashionduetothekijunsen'sstrongexpressionofequilibriumorstasis.Thus,whenpricemomentumisextremeandpricemovesrapidlyupordownoverashortperiodoftime,acertain"rubberband"effectcanbeobservedonpricebythekijunsen,attractingpricebacktowardsitselfandbringingitbacktoequilibrium.Ananalogycouldbemadebetweenhowpriceinteractswiththekijunsenandhowelectricityalwaysseekstoreturntogroundorzeropotential.The"ground"inthiscaseisthekijunsenandpricewillalwaysseektoreturntothatlevel.Thisphenomenonisparticularlyevidentwhenthekijunsenisflatortrendless,ascanbeseeninFigureIIIbelow:
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FIGUREIIIKijunSen"RubberBand"Effect
Giventhedynamicsofthekijunsenoutlinedabove,traderscanusethekijunseneffectivelyasbothalowriskpointofentryaswellasasolidstoploss.Thesetwotacticsareemployedextensivelyinboththekijunsencrossaswellasthetenkansen/kijunsencrossstrategieswhicharecoveredingreaterdetailinourIchimokuTradingStrategiessection.
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ChikouSpan
Thechikouspaniscalculatedinthefollowingmanner:
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CHIKOUSPAN("laggingline")CURRENTCLOSINGPRICEtimeshiftedbackwards(intothepast)26periods
ThechikouspanrepresentsoneofIchimoku'smostuniquefeaturesthatoftimeshiftingcertainlinesbackwardsorforwardsinordertogainaclearerperspectiveofpriceaction.Inthechikouspan'scase,thecurrentclosingpriceistimeshiftedbackwardsby26periods.Whiletherationalebehindthismayatfirstappearconfusing,itbecomesveryclearonceweconsiderthatitallowsustoquicklyseehowtoday'spriceactioncomparestothepriceactionof26periodsago,whichcanhelpdeterminetrenddirection.
Ifthecurrentcloseprice(asdepictedbythechikouspan)islowerthanthepriceof26periodsago,thatwouldindicatethatthereisapotentialformorebearishpriceactiontocome,sincepricetendstofollowtrends.Conversely,ifthecurrentclosingpriceisabovethepriceof26periodsago,thatwouldthenindicatethepossibilityformorebullishpriceactiontofollow.
ConsiderthechartsinFiguresIVandVbelow:
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FIGUREIVChikouSpaninBullishConfiguration
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FIGUREVChikouSpaninBearishConfiguration
Inadditiontoprovidinguswithanotherpieceofthe"trendpuzzle",thechikouspanalsoprovidesclearlevelsofsupportandresistance,giventhatitrepresentspriorclosingprices.Ichimokupractitionerscanthusdrawhorizontallinesacrossthepointscreatedbythechikouspantoseethesekeylevelsandutilizethemintheiranalysisandtradingdecisions(seeFigureVIbelow).
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FIGUREVIChikouSpanSupportandResistanceLevels
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SenkouSpanA
ThesenkouspanAiscalculatedinthefollowingmanner:
SENKOUSPANA("1stleadingline")
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(TENKANSEN+KIJUNSEN)/2timeshiftedforwards(intothefuture)26periods
ThesenkouspanAisbestknownforitspart,alongwiththesenkouspanBline,informingthekumo,or"Ichimokucloud"thatisthefoundationoftheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystem.ThesenkouspanAisanotheroneofthetimeshiftedlinesthatareuniquetoIchimoku.Inthiscase,itisshiftedforwardsby26periods.Sinceitrepresentstheaverageofthetenkansenandkijunsen,thesenkouspanAisitselfameasureofequilibrium.GoichiHosodaknewwellthatpricetendstorespectpriorsupportandresistancelevels,sobytimeshiftingthislineforwardby26periodsheallowedtheIchimokupractitionertoquicklysee"ataglance"wheresupportandresistancefrom26periodsago(1monthagoonaDailychart)residecomparedwithcurrentpriceaction.
WhileitispossibletotradeoffofthesenkouspanAandBlinesontheirown,theirrealpowercomesintheircombineddynamicsinthekumo.
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SenkouSpanB
ThesenkouspanBiscalculatedinthefollowingmanner:
SENKOUSPANB("2ndleadingline")
(HIGHESTHIGH+LOWESTLOW)/2forthepast52periodstimeshiftedforwards(intothefuture)26periods
ThesenkouspanBisbestknownforitspart,alongwiththesenkouspanAline,informingthekumo,or"Ichimokucloud"thatisthefoundationoftheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystem.Onitsown,thesenkouspanBlinerepresentsthelongesttermviewofequilibriumintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem.Ratherthanconsideringonlythelast26periodsinitscalculationlikethesenkouspanA,thesenkouspanBmeasurestheaverageofthehighesthighandlowestlowforthepast52periods.Itthentakesthatmeasureandtimeshiftsitforwardby26periods,justlikethesenkouspanA.InHosoda'soriginalimplementation,thesenkouspanBwouldthusrepresentpriceequilibriumforthepriortwo(2)monthperiod,shiftedaheadofcurrentpricebyone(1)month.ThisconventionallowsIchimokupractitionerstoseethislongertermmeasureofequilibriumaheadofcurrentpriceaction,allowingthemtomakeinformedtradingdecisions.
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04/06/2015 ThekumoIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
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ThekumoFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
Contents
1TheBasics2ABetterMeasureofSupportandResistance3Price'sRelationshiptotheKumo4KumoDepth5KumoSentiment6FlatTop/BottomKumos
TheBasics
Thekumoisthevery"heartandsoul"oftheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystem.PerhapsthemostimmediatelyvisiblecomponentofIchimoku,thekumo("cloud"inJapanese)enablesonetoimmediatelydistinguishtheprevailing"bigpicture"trendandprice'srelationshiptothattrend.ThekumoisalsooneofthemostuniqueaspectsofIchimokuKinkoHyoasitprovidesadeep,multidimensionalviewofsupportandresistanceasopposedtojustasingle,unidimensionallevelasprovidedbyotherchartingsystems.Thismoreencompassingviewbetterrepresentsthewayinwhichthemarkettrulyfunctions,wheresupportandresistanceisnotmerelyasinglepointonachart,butratherareasthatexpandandcontractdependinguponmarketdynamics.
Thekumoitselfiscomprisedoftwolines,thesenkouspanAandthesenkouspanB.Eachofthesetwolinesprovidesitsownmeasureofequilibriumandtogethertheyformthecompleteviewoflongertermsupportandresistance.Betweenthesetwolinesliesthekumo"cloud"itself,whichisessentiallyaspaceof"notrend"wherepriceequilibriumcanmakepriceactionunpredictableandvolatile.
Tradingwithinthekumoisnotarecommendedpractice,asitstrendlessnaturecreatesahighdegreeofuncertainty.
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ABetterMeasureofSupportandResistance
Asmentionedearlier,oneofthekumo'smostuniqueaspectsisitsabilitytoprovideamorereliableviewofsupportandresistancethanthatprovidedbyotherchartingsystems.RatherthanprovidingasinglelevelforS&R,thekumoexpandsandcontractswithhistoricalpriceactiontogiveamultidimensionalviewofsupportandresistance.Attimesthekumo'sabilitytoforecastsupportandresistanceisnothingshortofeerie,ascanbeseeninthechartbelow(FigureI)forUSD/CAD,wherepricerespectedthekumoboundariesonfiveseparateoccasionsovera30dayspan.
FIGUREIKumoSupport&Resistance
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ThepowerofthekumobecomesevenmoreevidentwhenwecomparetraditionalsupportandresistancetheorytoIchimoku'smorecomprehensiveviewofsupportandresistanceviathekumo.
InthechartforFigureIIbelow,wehaveaddedatraditionaldowntrendline(A)andatraditionalresistancelineat1.1867(B).PricemanagedtobreakandcloseaboveboththedowntrendlineandthesingleresistancelevelatpointC.TraditionalS&RtraderswouldtakethisasastrongsignaltogoLongthispairatthatpoint.AsavvyIchimokupractitioner,ontheotherhand,wouldtakeonelookatprice'slocationjustbelowthebottomedgeofthekumoandwouldknowthatgoinglongatthatpointisextremelyriskygiventhestrongresistancepresentedbythekumo.Indeed,pricedidbounceoffofthekumoanddroppedapproximately250pips,whichwouldhavemostlikelyeradicatedthelongpositionofthetraditionalS&Rtrader.
Frustratedbyhislastlosingtrade,thetraditionalS&Rtraderspotsanotherchancetogolong,asheseespricebreakandcloseabovethepriorswinghighatpointD.TheIchimokutraderonlyseespricetradinginthemiddleofthekumo,whichheknowsisatrendlessareathatmakesforuncertainconditions.TheIchimokutraderisalsoawarethatthetopboundaryofthekumo,thesenkouspanB,iscloseathandandmaypresentconsiderableresistance,soheagainleavesthisdubiouslongtradetothetraditionalS&Rtraderasheawaitsabettertradeopportunity.Loandbehold,aftermeetingthekumoboundaryandmakingameager50pips,thepairdropslikeastonenearly500pips.
TheexamplegivenaboveillustrateshowIchimoku'smultidimensionalviewofsupportandresistancegivestheIchimokupractitioneran"insideview"ofS&Rthattraditionalchartistsdonothave.ThisenablestheIchimokupractitionertoselectonlythemostlegitimate,highrewardtradeopportunitiesandrejectthoseofdubiousqualityandreward.Thetraditionalchartistisleftto"hope"thattheirlatestbreakouttradedoesn'tturnintoaheadfakeashakystrategy,atbest.
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FIGUREIITraditionalS&RTheoryvs.IchimokuKumo
Price'sRelationshiptotheKumo
Initsmostbasicinterpretation,whenpriceistradingabovethekumo,thatisabullishsignalsinceitindicatescurrentpriceishigherthanthehistoricalaverage.Likewise,ifpriceistradingbelowthekumo,thatindicatesthatbearishsentimentisstronger.Ifpriceistradingwithinthekumo,thatindicatesalossoftrendsincethespacebetweenthekumoboundariesistheultimateexpressionofequilibriumorstasis.TheinformedIchimokupractitionerwillnormallyfirstconsultprice'srelationshiptothekumoinordertogettheirinitialviewonachart'ssentiment.Fromatradingperspective,theIchimokuchartistwillalsoalwayswaitforpricetosituateitselfonthecorrectsideofthekumo(aboveforlongtradesandbelowforshorttrades)ontheirchosen
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executiontimeframebeforeinitiatinganytrades.Ifpriceistradingwithinthekumo,thentheywillwaittomakeanytradesuntilitclosesabove/belowthekumo.
KumoDepth
AsyouwillseeuponstudyinganIchimokuchart,thekumo'sdepthorthicknesscanvarydrastically.Thedepthofthekumoisanindicationofmarketvolatility,withathickerkumoindicatinghigherhistoricalvolatilityandathinneroneindicatinglowervolatility.Tounderstandthisphenomenon,weneedtokeepinmindwhatthetwolinesthatmakeupthekumo,thesenkouspanAandthesenkouspanB,represent.ThesenkouspanAmeasurestheaverageofthetenkansenandkijunsen,soits"period"isbetween9and26periods,sincethosearethetwoperiodsthattheTenkanSenandKijunSenmeasure,respectively.ThesenkouspanBline,ontheotherhand,measurestheaverageofthehighesthighandlowestlowpriceforthepast52periods.Thus,theSenkouSpanAisessentiallythe"faster"lineofthetwo,sinceitmeasuresashorterperiodofequilibrium.
ConsiderthechartinFigureIIIbelow.Fortheprevious52periods,pricemadeatotalrangeof793pips(fromahighof1.2672toalowof1.1879)Themidpointoraverageofthisrangeis1.2275andthatisthusthevalueofthesenkouspanB.Thisvalueisthentimeshiftedforwardsby26periodssothatitstaysinfrontofcurrentpriceaction.ThesenkouspanAismorereactivetoshorttermpriceactionandthusisalreadyreflectingthemoveofpricebackupfromitslowof1.1879initspositiveangleandthegraduallythinningkumo.ThesenkouspanB,ontheotherhand,isactuallycontinuingtomovedownasthehighesthighofthelast52periodscontinuestolowerasitfollowsthepricecurve'smovedownfromtheoriginalhighof1.2672.Ifpricecontinuestorise,thesenkouspanAandBwillswitchplacesandthesenkouspanAwillcrossabovethesenkouspanBinasocalled"kumotwist".
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FIGUREIIITheKumoanditsCalculations
Thekumoexpandsandcontractsbasedonmarketvolatility.Withgreatervolatility(i.e.wherethepriceofagivencurrencypairchangesdirectiondramaticallyoverashortperiodoftime),thefastersenkouspanAwilltravelalonginrelativeuniformitywiththepricecurvewhiletheslowersenkouspanBwilllagsignificantlygiventhatitrepresentstheaverageofthehighesthighandlowestlowoverthepast52periods.Thickerkumosarethuscreatedwhenvolatilityincreasesandthinneronesarecreatedwhenvolatilitydecreases.
Kumodepthorthicknessisafunctionofpricevolatility
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Fromatradingperspective,thethickerthekumo,thegreatersupport/resistanceitwillprovide.ThisinformationcanbeusedbytheIchimokupractitionertofinetunetheirriskmanagementandtradingstrategy.Forexample,theymayconsiderincreasingtheirpositionsizeiftheirLongentryisjustaboveaparticularlythickkumo,asthechancesofpricebreakingbackbelowthekumoissignificantlylessthanifthekumowereverythin.Inaddition,iftheyarealreadyinapositionandpriceisapproachingaverywelldevelopedkumoonanothertimeframe,theymaychoosetoeithertakeprofitatthekumoboundaryoratleastreducetheirpositionsizetoaccountfortheriskassociatedwiththethickerkumo.
Ingeneral,thethickerandmorewelldevelopedakumois,thegreaterthesupport/resistanceitwillprovide.
KumoSentiment
Inadditiontoprovidingaviewofsentimentvisavisitsrelationshipwithprice,thekumoitselfalsohasitsown"internal"sentimentorbias.Thismakessensewhenweconsiderthatthekumoismadeupofessentiallytwomovingaverages,thesenkouspanAandthesenkouspanB.WhenthesenkouspanAisabovethesenkouspanB,thesentimentisbullishsincethefastermovingaverageistradingabovetheslower.Conversely,whenthesenkouspanBisabovethesenkouspanA,thesentimentisbearish.
ThisconceptofkumosentimentcanbeseeninFigureIVbelow:
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FIGUREIVKumoSentiment
WhenthesenkouspanAandBswitchplacesthisindicatesanoveralltrendchangefromthislongertermperspective.Ichimokupractitionersthuskeepaneyeontheleadingkumo'ssentimentforcluesaboutbothcurrenttrendaswellasanyupcomingtrendchanges.The"senkouspancross"isanactualtradingstrategythatutilizesthiskumotwistasbothanentryaswellasacontinuationorconfirmationsignal.MoreonthisstrategyiscoveredinourIchimokuTradingStrategiessection.
FlatTop/BottomKumos
Theflattoporbottomthatisoftenobservedinthekumoiskeytounderstandingonepieceofthekumo's"equilibriumequation".Justlikethe"rubberband
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effect"thataflatkijunsencanexertonprice,aflatsenkouspanBcanactinthesameway,attractingpricethatisincloseproximity.Thereasonforthisissimple:aflatsenkouspanBrepresentsthemidpointofatrendlesspricesituationovertheprior52periodspriceequilibrium.Sincepricealwaysseekstoreturntoequilibrium,andtheflatsenkouspanBissuchastrongexpressionofthisequilibrium,itbecomesanequallystrongattractorofprice.
Inabullishtrend,thisflatsenkouspanBwillresultinaflatbottomkumoandinabearishtrenditwillmanifestasaflattopkumo.TheIchimokupractitionercanusethisknowledgeofthephysicsoftheflatsenkouspanBinordertobemorecautiousaboutboththeirexitsoutofthekumo.Forinstance,whenexitingaflatbottom(bullish)kumofromthebottom,ratherthanmerelyplacinganentryorder10pipsbelowthesenkouspanB,savvyIchimokupractitionerswilllookforanotherpointaroundwhichtobuildtheirentryordertoensuretheydon'tgetcaughtintheflatbottom's"gravitationalpull".Thismethodminimizesthenumberoffalsebreakoutsexperiencedbythetrader.
SeethehighlightedareasinthechartforFigureVbelowforanexampleofflattopandbottomkumos:
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FIGUREVFlatTopandFlatBottomKumos
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TrendtradingFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
Definition
"Trendfollowingisaninvestmentstrategythattakesadvantageoflongtermmovesthatplayoutinvariousmarkets...Traderswhousethisapproachcanusecurrentmarketpricecalculation,movingaveragesandchannelbreakoutstodeterminethegeneraldirectionofthemarketandtogeneratetradesignals.Thisapproachisreactive,diversified,longterm,andsystematicbynature.Traderswhosubscribetoatrendfollowingstrategydonotaimtoforecastorpredictmarketsorpricelevelstheysimplyjumponthetrendandrideit."
DefinitionoftrendfollowingfromWikipedia
IchimokuKinkoHyoandTrendTrading
ItmustbeunderstoodbyanywhowishestousethepowerofIchimokuKinkoHyothatitis,firstandforemost,atrendtradingsystem.ItisfurtherassumedthatthetraderwieldingIchimokudoessowithasolidundertandingofthebasictenetsoftrendtrading.Thisisakeyassumption,sinceknowledgeofhowtotradethetrendisabsolutelycriticaltolongtermsuccesswithIchimoku.Ichimokuonitsownwillnotteachonetheunderlyingphilosophyoftrendfollowing,sowemustmakeaspecialmentalnoteatthispointregardingthekeyfactorsinvolvedinsuccessfultrendtrading.
Trendtraders:
NEVERattempttopredictwherethemarketwillgoNEVERattempttopick"tops"and"bottoms"ofpriceactionALWAYSrespectthetrendandaligntheirtradesaccordinglyLetthemarkettellthemwhenthetrendisfinished,nottheir"intuition"RealizethattheywillnecessarilysacrificesomepipsatthebeginningandendofatrendastheywaitforconfirmationthatthetrendbeginningandendareauthenticLookatpriceactionfromalongtermperspectiveanddon'tgetshakenbyvolatilityUnderstandthattheywillgothroughsomepotentiallysignificantbuttemporaryperiodsofdrawdownasthetrendmatures
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UnderstandthattrendtradingcanleadtolargegainsbutalsoequallylargelossesUnderstandthattrendscantakeplaceonmultipletimeframes
Profitabletrendtradingis99%mental.Ifonecanconquertheirmindandquelltheinevitableinnerdialoguethatscreams"Whoa!Lookslikepriceisgoingagainstyourposition!ThetrendmustbeendingSELLNOW!!"andkeeptheireyesonthelongterm,theystandanexcellentchanceatbeingasuccessful,happyandstressfreetrendtrader.However,iftheycannotturnoffthisinnerdialogueoratleastignoreitandkeeptheirfocusonthelongterm,thentheyareinforaveryshort,verybumpyrideasaForextrader.
Asachartingsystemthatispurposebuiltfortrendtrading,IchimokuKinkoHyocanprovidethesavvypractitionerwithamuchdeeperviewofthetrendandtherefore,moresecureentryandexitsignalsthananyothertrendtradingsystemavailable.Nevertheless,itmustbecombinedwiththepropermindsetinordertobeusedtoitsfullpotential.
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IchimokutradingstrategiesFromIchiWikiTheDefinitiveReferencetotheIchimokuKinkoHyoChartingSystem
Contents
1READTHISFIRST!2TenkanSen/KijunSenCross
2.1Entry2.2Exit2.3StopLossPlacement2.4TakeProfitTargets2.5CaseStudy
3KijunSenCross3.1Entry3.2Exit3.3StopLossPlacement3.4TakeProfitTargets3.5CaseStudy
4KumoBreakout4.1Entry4.2Exit4.3StopLossPlacement4.4TakeProfitTargets4.5CaseStudy
5SenkouSpanCross5.1Entry5.2Exit5.3StopLossPlacement
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5.4TakeProfitTargets5.5CaseStudy
6ChikouSpanCross6.1Entry6.2Exit6.3StopLossPlacement6.4TakeProfitTargets6.5CaseStudy
READTHISFIRST!
Ichimokuisafinelytuned,integratedchartingsystemwherethefivelinesallworkinconcerttoproducetheendresult.Weemphasizetheword"system"herebecauseitisabsolutelykeytounderstandinghowtousethevarioustradingstrategiesweoutlineinthissection.EverystrategycoveredbelowistobeusedandmeasuredagainsttheprevailingIchimoku"picture"ratherthaninisolation.Thismeansthat,whileascenariothatmatchesagivenstrategymayhavetranspired,youstillmustweighthatsignalagainsttherestofthechartinordertodeterminewhetherornotitoffersahighprobabilitytrade.AnotherwayoflookingatitisthatIchimokuisasystemandthediscretestrategiesfortradingitaremerely"subsystems"withinthatlargersystem.Thus,lookingattradinganyofthesestrategiesfromanautomatedorisolatedapproachthatdoesn'ttakeintoaccounttherestofwhattheIchimokuchartistellingyouwillmeetwithmixedlongtermsuccess,atbest.
Don'tmisinterpretthemessagethestrategiesoutlinedbelowareverypowerfulandcanbringconsistentresultsifusedwiselywhichiswithinthescopeofthelargerIchimokupicture.Weaskthatyoualwayskeepthisinmindwhenemployingthesestrategies.
IfyouareinterestedindiscussingthesetradingstrategiesinmoredetailwithboththeauthorsandotherIchimokutraders,pleasevisittheKumoTraderIchimokuForum(http://www.boersmaandhunt.com/kumotrader_forum/index.php?board=23.0).
TenkanSen/KijunSenCross
Thetenkansen/kijunsencrossisoneofthemosttraditionaltradingstrategieswithintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem.Thesignalforthisstrategyisgivenwhenthetenkansencrossesoverthekijunsen.Ifthetenkansencrossesabovethekijunsen,thenitisabullishsignal.Likewise,ifthetenkansencrossesbelowthekijunsen,thenthatisabearishsignal.LikeallstrategieswithintheIchimokusystem,thetenkansen/kijunsencrossneedstobeviewedintermsofthebiggerIchimokupicturebeforemakinganytradingdecisions,asthiswillgivethestrategythebestchancesofsuccess.
Ingeneral,thetenkansen/kijunsenstrategycanbeclassifiedintothree(3)majorclassifications:strong,neutralandweak.
STRONGTENKANSEN/KIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
Astrongtenkansen/kijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappensabovethekumo.Astrongtenkansen/kijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappensbelowthekumo.
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NEUTRALTENKANSEN/KIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
Aneutraltenkansen/kijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappenswithinthekumo.Aneutraltenkansen/kijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappenswithinthekumo.
WEAKTENKANSEN/KIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
Aweaktenkansen/kijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappensbelowthekumo.Aweaktenkansen/kijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappensabovethekumo.
SeethechartinFigureIbelowforanexampleofseveralclassificationsofthetenkansen/kijunsencross:
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FIGUREITenkanSen/KijunSenCrossClassifications
Butwait!Haveyoucheckedthechikouspan?
Withthesethreemajorclassificationsinmind,wewilladdsomethingelseintotheequationthechikouspan.Asweexplainedinthesectiondetailingthechikouspan,thiscomponentactsasa"finalarbiter"ofsentimentandshouldbeconsultedwitheverysingletradingsignalintheIchimikuKinkoHyochartingsystem.Thetenkansen/kijunsencrossisnodifferent.EachofthethreeclassificationsoftheTS/KScrossmentionedabovecanbefurtherclassifiedbasedonthechikouspan'slocationinrelationtothepricecurveatthetimeofthecross.Ifthecrossisa"Buy"signalandthechikouspanisabovethepricecurveatthatpointintime,thiswilladdgreaterstrengthtothatbuysignal.Likewise,ifthecrossisa"Sell"signalandthechikouspanis
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belowthepricecurveatthatpointintime,thiswillprovideadditionalconfirmationtothatsignal.Ifthechikouspan'slocationinrelationtothepricecurveistheoppositeoftheTS/KScross'ssentiment,thenthatwillweakenthesignal.
Entry
Theentryforthetenkansen/kijunsencrossisverystraightforwardanorderisplacedinthedirectionofthecrossoncethecrosshasbeensolidifiedbyaclose.Nevertheless,inaccordancewithgoodIchimokutradingpractices,thetradershouldbearinmindanysignificantlevelsofsupport/resistancenearthecrossandconsidergettingacloseabovethoselevelsbeforeexecutingtheirorder.
Exit
Theexitfromatenkansen/kijunsencrosswillvarywiththeparticularcircumstancesofthechart.Themosttraditionalexitsignalisatenkansen/kijunsencrossintheoppositedirectionofyourtrade.However,personalriskmanagementandtimeframeconcernsmaydictateanearlierexit,oranexitbaseduponotherIchimokusignals,justasinanyothertrade.
StopLossPlacement
Thetenkansen/kijunsenstrategydoesnotdictateuseofanyparticularIchimokustructureforstoplossplacement,likesomeotherstrategiesdo.Instead,thetradershouldconsidertheirexecutiontimeframeandtheirmoneymanagementrulesandthenlookfortheappropriateprevailingstructureforsettingtheirstoploss.
TakeProfitTargets
Takeprofittargettingforthetenkansen/kijunsencrossstrategycanbeapproachedinoneoftwodifferentways.Itcanbeapproachedfromaday/swingtraderperspectivewheretakeprofittargetsaresetusingkeylevels,orfromapositiontraderperspective,wherethetraderdoesnotsetspecifictargetsbutratherwaitsforthecurrenttrendtobeinvalidatedbyatenkansen/kijunsencrosstranspiringintheoppositedirectionoftheirtrade.
CaseStudy
Inthe4HchartinFigureIIbelowwecanseeabullishtenkansen/kijunsencrossatpointA.Sincethiscrosstookplacewithinthekumoitself,itisconsidereda"neutral"buysignal,thuswewaitforpricetoexitandcloseabovethekumotoconfirmthissentimentbeforeplacingourlongentry.PricedoesachieveacloseabovethekumoatpointB(1.5918)andweplaceourlongentryatthatpoint.Forourstoploss,welookfortheplacewhereourtradesentimentwouldbeinvalidated.Inthiscase,thebottomedgeofthekumoprovidesuswithjustthatatpointC(1.5872).
Onceweplaceourentryandstoplossorders,wemerelywaitforthetradetounfoldwhilekeepinganeyeoutforpotentialexitsignals.Pricerisesnicelyforthenext10to11daysandthen,onthe15thdayofthetrade,pricedropsenoughtohavethetenkansencrossbelowthekijunsenatpointD.Thisisourexitsignal,sinceIchimokuistellingusthatthesentimenthaschanged,sowecloseourorderat1.6014atpointEforatotalgainofover95pips.
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FIGUREIITenkanSen/KijunSenCrossCaseStudy
Formaximumriskmanagementonthistrade,wealsocouldhavemovedourstoplossupwithpriceoncepricewasaconservativedistanceawayfromourentry.Oneoptionfordoingthiswouldbetomovethestoplossupwiththekumo,keepingitjustbelowthebottomedge.Foreventighterriskmanagement,wecouldhavemovedourstoplosswiththekijunsen,keepingit5to10pipsbelowthatlineasitmovedup.
KijunSenCross
ThekijunsencrossisoneofthemostpowerfulandreliabletradingstrategieswithintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem.Itcanbeusedonnearlyalltimeframeswithexcellentresults,thoughitwillbesomewhatlessreliableonthelower,daytradingtimeframesduetotheincreasedvolatilityonthosetime
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frames.Thekijunsencrosssignalisgivenwhenpricecrossesoverthekijunsen.Ifitcrossesthepricecurvefromthebottomup,thenitisabullishsignal.Ifitcrossesfromthetopdown,thenitisabearishsignal.Nevertheless,likealltradingstrategieswithintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem,thekijunsencrosssignalneedstobeevaluatedagainstthelargerIchimoku"picture"beforecommittingtoanytrade.
Ingeneral,thekijunsencrossstrategycanbeclassifiedintothree(3)majorclassifications:strong,neutralandweak.
STRONGKIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
AstrongkijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappensabovethekumo.AstrongkijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappensbelowthekumo.
NEUTRALKIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
AneutralkijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappenswithinthekumo.AneutralkijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappenswithinthekumo.
WEAKKIJUNSENCROSSSIGNAL
AweakkijunsencrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosshappensbelowthekumo.AweakkijunsencrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosshappensabovethekumo.
SeethechartinFigureIIIbelowforanexampleofseveralclassificationsofthekijunsencross:
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FIGUREIIIKijunSenCrossClassifications
Chikouspanconfirmation
Aswiththetenkansen/kijunsencrossstrategy,thesavvyIchimokutraderwillmakegooduseofthechikouspantoconfirmanykijunsencrosssignal.Eachofthethreeclassificationsofthekijunsencrossoutlinedabovecanbefurtherclassifiedbasedonthechikouspan'slocationinrelationtothepricecurveatthetimeofthecross.Ifthecrossisa"Buy"signalandthechikouspanisabovethepricecurveatthatpointintime,thiswilladdgreaterstrengthtothatbuysignal.Likewise,ifthecrossisa"Sell"signalandthechikouspanisbelowthepricecurveatthatpointintime,thiswillprovideadditionalconfirmationtothatsignal.Ifthechikouspan'slocationinrelationtothepricecurveistheoppositeofthekijunsencross'ssentiment,thenthatwillweakenthesignal.
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Entry
Theentryforthekijunsencrossisverystraightforwardanorderisplacedinthedirectionofthecrossoncethecrosshasbeensolidifiedbyaclose.Nevertheless,inaccordancewithgoodIchimokutradingpractices,thetradershouldbearinmindanysignificantlevelsofsupport/resistancenearthecrossandconsidergettingacloseabovethoselevelsbeforeexecutingtheirorder.
Exit
Atraderexitsakijunsencrosstradeupontheirstoplossgettingtriggeredwhenpricecrossingthekijunsenintheoppositedirectionoftheirtrade.Thus,itiskeythatthetradermovetheirstoplossinlockstepwiththemovementofthekijunseninordertomaximizetheirprofit.
StopLossPlacement
ThekijunsencrossstrategyisuniqueamongIchimokustrategiesinthatthetrader'sstoplossisdeterminedandmanagedbythekijunsenitself.Thisisduetothekijunsen'sstrongrepresentationofpriceequilibrium,whichmakesitanexcellentdeterminantofsentiment.Thus,ifpriceretracesbackbelowthekijunsenafterexecutingabullishkijunsencross,thenthatisagoodindicationthatinsufficientmomentumispresenttofurtherthenascentbullishsentiment.
Whenenteringatradeuponakijunsencross,thetraderwillreviewthecurrentvalueofthekijunsenandplacetheirstoploss5to10pipsontheoppositesideofthekijunsenthattheirentryisplacedon.Theexactnumberofpipsforthestoploss"buffer"above/belowthekijunsenwilldependuponthedynamicsofthepairandprice'shistoricalbehaviorvisavisthekijunsenaswellastherisktoleranceoftheindividualtrader,but5to10pipsshouldbeappropriateformostsituations.WhenlookingtoenterShort,thetraderwilllooktoplacetheirstoplossjustabovethecurrentkijunsenandwhenlookingtoenterLong,thetraderwillplacetheirstoplossjustbelowthecurrentkijunsen.
Oncethetradeisunderway,thetradershouldmovetheirstoplossup/downwiththemovementofthekijunsen,alwaysmaintainingthe5to10pip"buffer".Inthisway,thekijunsenitselfactsasa"trailingstoploss"ofsortsandenablesthetradertokeepatightholdonriskmanagementwhilemaximizingprofits.
TakeProfitTargets
Takeprofittargettingforthekijunsencrossstrategycanbeapproachedinoneoftwodifferentways.Itcanbeapproachedfromaday/swingtraderperspectivewheretakeprofittargetsaresetusingkeylevels,orfromapositiontraderperspective,wherethetraderdoesnotsetspecifictargetsbutratherwaitsforthecurrenttrendtobeinvalidatedbypricecrossingbackoverthekijunsenintheoppositedirectionoftheirtrade.
CaseStudy
Inthe1DchartinFigureIVbelowforUSD/CHFwecanseeabullishkijunsencrossatpointA.Whiletheinitialcrossisabovethekumoandthereforearelativelystrongcross,itisstillbeneathaverykeychikouspanlevel(notvisibleonthischart),sowewaituntilwegetacloseabovethatkeylevelbeforeenteringatpointB.Atthispoint,wealsohavetheadditionalbenefitofconfirmationfromabullishtenkansen/kijunsencrossandaniceupwardangletothekijunsen,bolsteringourprospectsformorebullishpriceactionevenmore.Forourstoploss,wefollowthekijunsentradingstrategy
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guidelinesandplaceit10pipsbelowtheprevailingkijunsenatpointC.
Onceweplaceourentryandstoplossorders,wemerelywaitforthetradetounfoldwhilecontinuallymovingupourstoplosswiththekijunsen.Pricerisesnicelyforthenext40daysstayingwellabovethekijunsen.Afterthispoint,pricebeginstodropand,onthe44thday,pricecrossesthekijunsenandhitsourstoplossatpointDclosingoutourtradeandnettingusaprofitof641pips.
FIGUREIVKijunSenCrossCaseStudy
KumoBreakout
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KumoBreakouttradingor"KumoTrading"isatradingstrategythatcanbeusedonmultipletimeframes,thoughitismostwidelyusedonthehighertimeframes(e.g.:Daily,Weekly,Monthly)ofthepositiontrader.KumobreakouttradingisthepurestformoftrendtradingofferedbytheIchimokuchartingsystem,asitlookssolelytothekumoandprice'srelationshiptoitforitssignals.Itis"bigpicture"tradingthatfocusesonlyonwhetherpriceistradingaboveorbelowtheprevailingkumo.Inanutshell,thesignaltogolonginKumobreakouttradingiswhenpriceclosesabovetheprevailingkumoand,likewise,thesignaltogoshortiswhenpriceclosesbelowtheprevailingkumo.
SeethechartinFigureVbelowforanexampleofakumobreakoutbuysignal:
FIGUREVKumoBreakoutBuySignal
Entry
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Theentryforthekumobreakouttradingstrategyissimplewhenpriceclosesabove/belowthekumo,thetraderplacesatradeinthedirectionofthebreakout.Nevertheless,caredoesneedtobetakentoensurethebreakoutisnota"headfake"whichcanbeespeciallyprevalentwhenthebreakouttakesplacefromaflattop/bottomkumo.Toensuretheflattop/bottomisnotgoingtoattractpricebacktothekumo,itisalwaysadvisabletolookforanotherIchimokustructureto"anchor"yourentrytojustabove/belowthekumobreakout.Thisanchorcanbeanythingfromakeylevelprovidedbythechikouspan,akumoshadoworanyotherappropriatestructurethatcouldactasadditionalsupport/resistancetosolidifythedirectionandmomentumofthetrade.
Kumobreakouttradersalsomakegooduseoftheleadingkumo'ssentimentbeforecommittingtoatrade.IftheleadingkumoisaBearkumoandthekumobreakoutisalsoBear,thenthatisaverygoodsignthatthebreakoutisnotanaberrationofexcessivevolatility,butratheratrueindicationofmarketsentiment.Iftheleadingkumocontradictsthedirectionofthebreakout,thenthetradermaywanttoeitherwaituntilthekumodoesagreewiththedirectionofthetradeorusemoreconservativepositionsizingtoaccountfortheincreasedrisk.
Exit
Theexitfromakumobreakouttradeistheeasiestpartofthewholetrade.Thetradermerelywaitsfortheirstoplosstogettriggeredaspriceexitstheoppositesideofthekumoonwhichthetradeistranspiring.Sincethetraderhasbeensteadilymovingtheirstoplossupwiththekumoduringtheentirelifespanofthetrade,thisassurestheymaximizetheirprofitandminimizetheirrisk.
StopLossPlacement
Beinga"bigpicture"trendtradingstrategy,thestoplossforthekumobreakoutstrategyisplacedatthepointthatthetrendhasbeeninvalidated.Thus,thestoplossforakumobreakouttrademustbeplacedontheoppositesideofthekumothatthetradeistranspiringon,1020pipsawayfromthekumoboundary.Ifpricedoesmanagetoreachthepointofthestoploss,thetradercanberelativelyassuredthatamajortrendchangehastakenplace.
TakeProfitTargets
Whiletraditionaltakeprofittargetscanbeusedwiththekumobreakouttradingstrategy,itismoreinlinewiththelongtermtrendtradingapproachtosimplymovethestoplossup/downwiththekumoasitmatures.Thismethodallowsthetradetotakefulladvantageofthetrendwithoutclosingthetradeuntilpriceactiondictatesunequivocallythatthetrendisover.
CaseStudy
IntheWeeklychartinFigureVIbelowforAUD/USDwecanseeabearishkumobreakouttakingplaceatpointA.Wealsoseethatthatleadingkumoisdistinctlybearishaswell,whichactstoconfirmourbreakoutsentiment.Giventhatpriceisexitingfromaflatbottomkumoandthatwewanttoreduceanyrisksofenteringonafalsebreakout,welookforaclosebelowthelastchikouspansupportat.7600beforeentering.TheclosewearelookingforisachievedshortlythereafteratpointBandweentershort.
Forourstoploss,wefollowthekumobreakoutguidelineofplacingit1020pipsawayfromtheoppositesideofthekumowhereourbreakoutistakingplace.Inthiscase,weplaceit20pipsawayfromthetopofthekumoaboveourentrycandleatpointC(.7994).
Onceweplaceourentryandstoplossorders,wemerelywaitforthetradetounfoldwhilecontinuallymovingourstoplossdownwiththeprevailing
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kumo.GiventhatweareusingtheWeeklychartasourexecutiontimeframe,weprepareourselvesforaverylongtermtrade.Inthiscase,nearlytwoyearslater,pricerisesenoughtobreakoutofthekumototheotherside,whereittriggersourbuyordersome20pipsawayatpointDnettingusover1100pipsintheprocess.
FIGUREVIKumoBreakoutCaseStudy
SenkouSpanCross
ThesenkouspancrossisoneofthelesserknowntradingstrategieswithintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem.Thisismostlyduetothefactthatthesenkouspancrosstendstobemorecommonlyusedasanadditionalconfirmationwithothertradingstrategiesratherthanbeingusedasastandalonetradingstrategyinitsownright.However,itisnonethelessasolidtrendtradingstrategyandcandefinitelybeusedonitsown.
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Giventhatthesenkouspancrossstrategy,likethekumobreakouttradingstrategy,utilizethekumoforsignalgeneration,itisbestemployedonthelongertimeframesoftheDailychartandabove.ThesenkouspancrosssignalisgivenwhenthesenkouspanAlinecrossesoverthesenkouspanBlineofthekumo.IfthesenkouspanAcrossesthesenkouspanBfromthebottomup,thenitisabullishsignal.Ifitcrossesfromthetopdown,thenitisabearishsignal.Nevertheless,likealltradingstrategieswithintheIchimokuKinkoHyosystem,thesenkouspancrosssignalneedstobeevaluatedagainstthelargerIchimoku"picture"beforecommittingtoanytrade.
Thethingtokeepinmindwiththesenkouspancrossstrategyisthatthe"cross"signalwilltakeplace26periodsaheadofthepriceactionasthekumoistimeshifted26periodsintothefuture.Thisrelationshipisobviouswhenonelooksatthecurrentpriceonalivechart,butlesssowhenlookingathistoricalpriceaction.Inaddition,whileallIchimokustrategiesshouldbeexercisedwiththelargerIchimokupictureinmind,thisisparticularlyimportantwiththesenkouspancross.Thus,determiningtheoveralltrendonhighertimeframesfirstandthentakingonlysenkouspansignalsthatalignwiththattrendonthelowertimeframesisthebestimplementationofthesenkouspanstrategy.
Ingeneral,thesenkouspancrossstrategycanbeclassifiedintothree(3)majorclassifications:strong,neutralandweak.
STRONGSENKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
Astrongsenkouspancrosssignaltakesplacewhenthepricecurveisonthesideofthekumothatmatchesthesentimentofthesenkouspancross.
NEUTRALSENKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
Aneutralsenkouspancrosssignaltakesplacewhenthepricecurveisinsidethekumoatthetimeofthesenkouspancross.
WEAKSENKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
Aweaksenkouspancrosssignaltakesplacewhenthepricecurveisontheoppositesideofthekumothatmatchesthesentimentofthesenkouspancross.
ThechartinFigureVIIbelowshowssomeclassificationsofthesenkouspancross.Thedashedverticallinesrepresentthe26periodrelationshipbetweenpriceandthesenkouspancross.Thus,pointArepresentsabullishsenkouspancrossthatcanbecategorizedasa"strong"buysignalduetothefactthatprice(pointB),atthepointofthecross,wastradingabovethekumo.Likewise,pointCrepresentsabearishsenkouspancrossthatgeneratedastrongsellsignalduetoprice'slocationatpointDbelowthekumo.ThesenkouspancrossatPointEgeneratedaneutralbuysignalsinceprice(pointF)wastradingwithinthekumoatthatpoint.
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FIGUREVIISenkouSpanCrossClassifications
Entry
Theentryforthesenkouspancrosstradingstrategyisrelativelysimple,though,asmentionedabove,entriesdorequireevenmoreattentiontotheoveralltrendonhighertimeframesbeforeexecutinganytrades.Afterdeterminingthetrendonthehighertimeframes,thetraderlooksforafreshsenkouspancrossinthesamedirectionastheoveralltrendthathasbeensolidifiedbyacloseontheexecutiontimeframe.Oncetheyidentifyasuitableopportunity,theyinitiateapositioninthedirectionofthesenkouspansentiment.AsinallIchimokutradingstrategies,traderswillbewelladvisedtoconsidertherelativestrengthofthecross(visavisprice'slocationrelativetothekumo)aswellasthesentimentprovidedbytheremainingIchimokucomponentsatthetimeofthecrossinordertoensurethemostoptimumentry.
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Itisworthmentioningherethatthestrongbull(buy)signaloutlinedinourfirstchartthattookplaceinAprilof2005,whiletechnicallystrongfroma1Dperspective,wasnotalignedwiththeoveralldowntrendinplaceontheWeeklyandMonthlycharts.Thus,traderstakingthistradesignalandusingasenkouspancrossintheoppositedirectionastheirexitsignalwouldhaveactuallylostpips.Thisunderscorestheimportanceofevaluatingsentimentonmultipletimeframesandtradingwiththeoveralltrend.
Exit
Theexitfromasenkouspancrosstradeisgenerallysignalledbyasenkouspancrossintheoppositedirectionofthetrade,thoughotherexitsignalsmaybetakendependinguponthetrader'srisktoleranceandprofitgoals.
StopLossPlacement
Beinga"bigpicture"trendtradingstrategylikethekumobreakoutstrategy,thestoplossforthesenkouspancrossstrategyisplacedontheoppositesideofthekumothatthetradeistranspiringon,1020pipsawayfromthekumoboundary.
TakeProfitTargets
Whiletraditionaltakeprofittargetscanbeusedwiththesenkouspancrosstradingstrategy,itismoreinlinewiththelongtermtrendtradingapproachtowaitforasenkouspancrosstotranspireintheoppositedirectionofthetradebeforeclosingouttheposition.Thismethodallowsthetradetotakefulladvantageofthetrendwithoutclosingthetradeuntilpriceactiondictatesunequivocallythatthetrendisover.
CaseStudy
IntheDailychartinFigureVIIIbelowforUSD/CADwecanseeabearishsenkouspancrossatpointA.ThiscrosscorrespondstothecandleatpointB.Sincethecandleclosedjustbelowthekumo,thesignalisconsideredastrongonegiventhatitssentimentagreeswiththesentimentofthebearishsenkouspancross.Inaddition,weconfirmthatthedirectionofthissignalisalignedwiththeoveralldowntrendinplaceontheWeeklyandMonthlytimeframes,soweknowthatwearetradingwiththetrend.Nevertheless,wearewaryoftheflatbottomkumojusttotherightofthecandle,whichcouldactasanattractorforprice,sowelookforaconservativeentrypointthatwillensurewewillnotgetcaughtinanyfalsebreakouts.Thelastchikouspansupportat1.2292lookslikeagoodanchorpointforassuringthis.Priceclosesbelowthispointacoupleofdayslaterat1.2290andweentershortatpointC.
Forourstoploss,wefollowthekumobreakoutguidelineofplacingit1020pipsawayfromtheoppositesideofthekumowhereourtradeistakingplace.Inthiscase,weplaceit20pipsawayfromthetopofthekumoaboveourentrycandleatpointD(1.2542).
Onceweplaceourentryandstoplossorders,wewaitforthetradetounfoldwhilecontinuallymovingourstoplossdownwiththeprevailingkumo.Inthiscase,abitmorethanfourmonthslater,priceranginghascreatedafreshsenkouspancrossintheoppositedirectionofourtradeatpointE,correspondingtothecandleatpointFwherewecloseoutourtradeat1.1908,nettingusover380pipsintheprocess.
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FIGUREVIIISenkouSpanCrossCaseStudy
ChikouSpanCross
ForthosethathavebeenusingtheIchimokuKinkoHyochartingsystemforanylengthoftime,utilizingthechikouspancrossstrategyshouldbelikesecondnature.Why?Becausethechikouspancrossisessentiallythe"chikouspanconfirmation"thatsavvyIchimokutradersutilizetoconfirmchartsentimentbeforeenteringanytrade.Thisconfirmationcomesintheformofthechikouspancrossingthroughthepricecurveinthedirectionoftheproposedtrade.Ifitcrossesthroughthepricecurvefromthebottomup,thenitisabullishsignal.Ifitcrossesfromthetopdown,thenitisconsideredabearishsignal.
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Thus,wealreadyknowthepowerofthechikouspancrossviaitsuseasaconfirmationstrategy.However,whenusedwithinsomesimpleguidelines,thechikouspancrosscanbeusedasitsownstandalonetradingstrategywithverygoodsuccess.
LikemanyotherIchimokutradingstrategies,thechikouspancrossstrategyusesprice'srelationshiptothekumotocategorizeitssignalsintothree(3)majorclassifications:strong,neutralandweak.
STRONGCHIKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
AstrongchikouspancrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceisabovethekumoAstrongchikouspancrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceisbelowthekumo.
NEUTRALCHIKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
AneutralchikouspancrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceiswithinthekumoAneutralchikouspancrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceiswithinthekumo.
WEAKCHIKOUSPANCROSSSIGNAL
AweakchikouspancrossBuysignaltakesplacewhenabullishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceisbelowthekumoAweakchikouspancrossSellsignaltakesplacewhenabearishcrosstakesplaceandcurrentpriceisabovethekumo.
ThechartinFigureIXbelowprovidesseveralexamplesofthechikouspancross.Giventhefactthatthechikouspanisameasureofclosingpriceshifted26periodsintothepast,wemustalwayskeepinmindboththelocationofthechikouspaninrelationtothepricecurve(the"cross"itself)andthecurrentcandleanditsrelationtothekumo.Thus,PointA1isthepointwherethechikouspancrossedthepricecurvedownwardandPointA2istheclosingcandlethatinitiatedthatbearishcross.However,sincethecandleatPointA2wasabovetheprevailingkumoatthepointofthecross,thisparticularsignalwouldbecategorizedasa"weak"bearishcross.AstrongbullishcrosscanbeseeninPointsB1andB2sincethechikouspancrossedupwardthroughthepricecurveandtheclosingcandleatthatpointintimewasabovetheprevailingkumo.PointsC1andC2representaweakbearishcrossgiventhattheytranspiredabovetheprevailingkumo.
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FIGUREIXChikouSpanCrossClassifications
Entry
Theentryforthechikouspancrossisrelativelystraightforwardthetraderinitiatesapositioninthedirectionofthechikouspancrossaftertakingintoconsiderationthecross'sstrengthandotherchartsignals.Forthehighestprobabilityofsuccess,thetraderwillalsolookforthechikouspanitselftobefreeofthekumoasthechikouspancanofteninteractwiththekumomuchlikethepricecurve.
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Exit
Themosttraditionalexitforachikouspancrosstradeisgenerallysignalledbyachikouspancrossintheoppositedirectionofthetrade,thoughotherexitsignalsmaybetakendependinguponthetrader'srisktoleranceandprofitgoals.
StopLossPlacement
ThechikouspanstrategydoesnotdictateuseofanyparticularIchimokustructureforstoplossplacement,likesomeotherstrategiesdo.Instead,thetradershouldconsidertheirexecutiontimeframeandtheirmoneymanagementrulesandthenlookfortheappropriateprevailingstructureforsettingtheirstoploss.
TakeProfitTargets
Takeprofittargettingforthechikouspancrossstrategycanbeapproachedinoneoftwodifferentways.Itcanbeapproachedfromaday/swingtraderperspectivewheretakeprofittargetsaresetusingkeylevels,orfromapositiontraderperspective,wherethetraderdoesnotsetspecifictargetsbutratherwaitsforthecurrenttrendtobeinvalidatedbyachikouspancrosstranspiringintheoppositedirectionoftheirtrade.
CaseStudy
IntheDailychartinFigureXbelowforUSD/CHFwecanseeabullishchikouspancrossatpointA.However,whileitistechnicallyastrongcross,thechikouspanisstillbelowsignificantresistanceprovidedbythetwochikouspanpointsat1.2090.Inaddition,thetenkansenandkijunsenareinaflatconfigurationwhichdoesn'tprovideanyadditionalconfirmation.ThuswewaitforamoreconvincingsetupbeforeenteringLong.Thisisachievedfive(5)dayslateratPointB1whenthechikouspanmovesbackupthroughthepricecurveafterabriefdipbelow.Wewaitforthedailycandletocloseandthenenterlongat1.2164atPointB2.Ourconfidenceinthisentryisincreasedbythebullishtenkansen/kijunsencrossthathassincetranspired.
Forourstoploss,weconsidertheprevailingstructuresanddecidetoplaceitjustbelowthekijunsenat1.1956,sinceacrossbelowthatpointwillnotonlyhavethechikouspanexecutingafreshbearishcross,butalsohavepriceexecutingabearishkijunsencross,bothofwhichwouldinvalidateourlongposition.
Onceweplaceourentryandstoplossorders,wewaitforthetradetounfold.Dependinguponourtradingstyle,wecouldopttotrailourstoplossalongwiththekijunsentokeepatighterreinonriskmanagementorwecouldutilizethemoretraditionalmethodofwaitingforachikouspancrossintheoppositedirectionofourtrade.Inthiscase,achikouspancrossintheoppositedirectiontakesplacejustundertwomonthslater(PointC1)at1.2619(PointC2)andwecloseoutourtradeforagainofover450pips.Itisworthnotingthat,eventhoughthechikouspancrossonitsownwouldbeconsideredtechnically"weak"duetoitslocationabovethekumo,itisbolsteredbyabearishtenkansen/kijunsencrosstoformabearishthreelinepattern.Alternatively,ifwehadchosentousethekijunsenasourtrailingstopinthistrade,insteadofwaitingforachikouspancross,wewouldhaveexitedsomewherearoundthe1.2735level,whichwouldhavenettedusover560pips.
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FIGUREXChikouSpanCrossCaseStudy
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