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Volcano location
Webcam: http://eldgos.mila.is/eyjafjallajokull-fra-thorolfsfelli/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPjo9GXAvug&playnext_from=TL&videos=zq6nzmkXBkg&feature=featured
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lINmtRiWQ7Q&feature=related
• Every year there are around 60 volcanic eruptions around the world. You don’t hear of these grounding planes…
• This volcano is under an ice sheet – the magma is shattered into finer ash – it travels higher, further and is more abrasive…really bad news for jet engines!
• The last big eruption here lasted 1821-1823…two years!!
Eruption under an ice cap…
Experts say the tiny particles of rock, sand and glass contained in the ash still erupting from the volcano could damage aircraft engines.
The volcanic ash plume.
Satellite image tracking the ash plume…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fimmvorduhals_second_fissure_2010_04_02.JPG
Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The North-American and Eurasian plates move apart- called constructive
plates.
This causes magma to rise to the surface and form volcanoes.
The latest eruption occurred under a glacier.
The water cooled the lava quickly resulting in glass particles entering the
plume.Make a copy of this flow diagram in your book…
What have the impacts of this eruption
been??
Egypt• More than 600 British holidaymakers are spending their fifth day
camping out at Sharm el-Sheikh's airport. • They are mainly passengers with low-cost airlines such as Easyjet,
Monarch and Jet 2. • Staff are reported to be providing lilos for people to sleep on. • In all, there are estimated to be 18,000 British tourists currently in
the Red Sea resort.
“ It was fun at first, having a few extra days of holiday, but it's become very frustrating because I just want to get back to normal life. The kids want to go back to school”
Siobhan Harris, Oxfordshire
The particles erode the fans of the
engines.
The aircraft is likely to be hit by lava.
Ash blocks the ventilation system, causing the engines
to overheat and shut down.
Ash can add significant weight to
the aircraft and change its balance.
Glass in the plume melts and coats the internal parts of the
engine.
The particles can sandblast the
windscreen making it difficult to land.
Gases from the volcano could cause
the pilots to pass out.
Ash can cause damage to instruments that measure
pressure and airspeed.
Pilots are unable to navigate due to the poor visibility.
Make a copy of the CORRECT statements
only…
As correct 17th April 2010.
United KingdomAustriaBelgiumCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLuxembourg
http://d-maps.com/carte.php?lib=europe_map&num_car=2233&lang=en
As correct 17th April 2010.
Moldova NetherlandsNorwayPolandRomaniaSerbiaBosniaMontenegroSwedenSwitzerlandUkraine
Teachers Stuck!
Ms Johnen and Mrs Swallow – stuck in Singapore. Miss Ruiz stuck in Tenerife.
Exam classes miss out!
Pupils Stuck…
Parents stuck…
Imports of fresh food not coming in…
Businesses missing workers…
LEDC’s not able to export goods.
Impacts on the airline industry…• The most direct casualty of the ash is the airline
industry. • The International Air Transport Association (IATA)
estimates that airlines are collectively losing £130m per day in lost revenues.
• If the disruption persists for several weeks, total losses could run into billions, having a catastrophic effect on an industry already set to lose £1.4bn this year.
• Travel companies are also losing out. TUI, the owner of First Choice and Thomson and Europe's biggest travel operator, says it is losing between £5m and £6m a day.
Impacts on other forms of transport…• Other transport companies are benefiting as
passengers look for alternatives to flying. • Ferry services have benefited from the flight
restrictions• Eurostar in particular has seen huge demand from
passengers since the disruption began on Thursday. The company said it carried 50,000 extra passengers on Thursday and Friday - an increase of nearly a third - with services effectively full.
Impacts on students…• Exam timetables could be readjusted to help pupils stranded
overseas by flight cancellations.
Impacts on passengers… • A passenger group has expressed "outrage" that some
travellers may face extra charges for flights they rebook due to the ash cloud.
Impacts on sport…• Uefa says Liverpool must make the 900-mile trip (1,200 miles
by road) to Madrid for Thursday's Europa League semi-final against Atletico, even if they cannot get on a plane.
• Fulham have made contingency plans to make a 570-mile road journey to Hamburg for their own Europa League last-four encounter should they be unable to fly.
• The England and Wales Cricket Board will wait until Wednesday before considering contingency plans for travel to the ICC World Twenty20 in the West Indies.
Impacts on the Kenyan flower industry…• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8629210.stm
IMPACTS OF THE ERUPTION…
Take a whole page in your book. Make a copy of the above. For
each section write as much detail as you can about the
impacts.
Stranded…
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8628116.stm
• http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2937690/Growing-fears-of-trapped-hol-Brits-amid-ash-chaos.html
Epic journeys…• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8631517.stm • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8630405.stm
Gary Lineker makes Match of the Day with 24-hour trip • Presenter Gary Lineker made the Match of the Day line-up on Saturday night -
but only after enduring a near 24-hour journey from Tenerife to London. • Lineker, who was on holiday with his family when the Icelandic volcanic ash closed
UK airspace, arrived back with only about two hours to spare. • He had flown to Madrid, driven to Paris and caught a Eurostar train to London. • Opening the BBC One highlights show, the ex-footballer said some fixtures were
worth going the "extra mile" for. • "It was like one of those impossible challenges they have on Top Gear," he said. • "I didn't have much chance to shut my eyes properly before the show - but I am going
to sleep for England on Sunday." • Lineker said his wife Danielle, her daughter Ella, eight, and his sons George, 18,
Harry, 17, Tobias, 14, and Alex, 12, had "kept each other going" during the 2,050-mile (3,311 km) journey by singing songs.
An importer of fruit.An importer of fruit.
No flights
No fruit can be imported.
Fruit is left to rot.
Importer loses money.
Fruit shortage and price rises?
GCSE student on holidayGCSE student on holiday
A teacher on holidayA teacher on holiday
A self-employed builderA self-employed builder
Produce a similar diagram for one of these individuals.
Construct a flow diagram for each of the above to write about the impacts
for that individual.
• http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/19/eyjafjallajokulls-scream-could-wake-a-neighbor/
How volcanoes have shaped history • In 1991, Mount Pinatubo on the island of Luzon, in the
Philippines, erupted just 90km (55 miles) north-west of the capital, Manila.
• Over the course of several eruptions, the volcano ejected a massive 10 cubic km of material, making it the second biggest eruption of the 20th Century.
• While volcanic dust is in the upper atmosphere, it can have a profound short-term effect on the global climate, because it blocks out a portion of the sunlight able to reach the ground.
• The Mount Pinatubo eruption caused the average global temperature to drop by 0.4-0.5C.
• Previous eruptions have been much more deadly. The eruption of the volcano on Krakatoa in Indonesia in 1883 is one of the best known eruptions in relatively recent times, because it occurred after the invention of the telegraph.
• It killed thousands, pulverised two-thirds of the island and drastically altered the ocean floor. But Krakatoa was a mere baby compared with the eruption of Tambora, also in Indonesia, some 68 years earlier.
• This was the most powerful eruption in recorded history. Rivers of hot ash rolled down the 4,000m (13,000ft) -high volcano, killing around 10,000 people on the island.
• It is thought to have ejected 50 cubic km or more of material and pumped vast amounts of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.
• The cloud from Tambora caused an unusual chill, lowering global temperatures by an estimated 0.4-0.7C.
• In parts of Europe and in North America, 1816 became known as "the year without a summer". Frosts killed off crops in New England and Canada; Europe was also hit badly.
• 70,000 years ago, a massive volcanic eruption may even have threatened the existence of humankind.
• The "super-eruption" of Mount Toba on the Indonesian island of Sumatra is thought by some to have caused a six-year long volcanic winter followed by a 1,000-year-long freeze.
• Toba could have caused a mass die-off of plant life and a famine for animal species.
• Some researchers have calculated that the human population dropped to between 10,000 and 5,000 individuals, pushing Homo sapiens to the brink of extinction.
• But others think the near extinction of human life may have pushed people to new levels of ingenuity in order to survive; evidence of advanced tool technology and some very early examples of art have been dated to around the time of the Toba super-eruption.
Further back in history of course, massive volcanic episodes have been linked to mass extinctions of life on Earth.
While mass volcanism in India was once considered as a cause of the demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, a comet or asteroid is now considered the most likely candidate for wiping out the beasts.
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8690513.stm
