ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS

Anthony D. JosephRandy H. Katz

Reiner E. LudwigB. R. Badrinath

UC Berkeley

Stanford

March 11, 1999

http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

Bridge to theFuture

S. S. 7

ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks

BEyond the thiRd Generation

• June 1998 - June 2001, joint with Ericsson

• High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks

– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics

– Real-time services across diverse access networks– 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000– Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth– Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

Transparent Information Access

Policy-basedLocation-basedActivity-based

Empower users!

Speech-to-TextSpeech-to-Voice Attached-EmailCall-to-Pager/Email Notification

Email-to-SpeechAll compositions

of the above!

Universal Inbox

Smart Spaces

• Walk into a A/V room and control everything with your own wireless PDA

– Services for each device– Automated discovery and use– Automated UI generation– Composite behaviors

• Phones as well as PDAs– Speech-enabled control

Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)

2-way Paging

WIP

GSM/CDMA PSTN

IP Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways)

• Impedance matching

• Provide policy engine

• Handles routing, security

IAPIAP

IAPIAP IAPIAP

IAPIAP

IAPIAP

Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks

E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service

High BW IP coreDiverse access links

Important Trends• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks

– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network– Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows

(RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling)

• Intelligence shifts to the network edges– User-implemented functionality

• Programmable intelligence inside the network– Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure– TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere”– Rapid new service development, Speech-based services– New challenges for network security and management

• Cellular networks for the 21st century– High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

ICEBERG Project Goals• Demonstrate ease of new service

deployment– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration– Speech- and location-enabled applications– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image

across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones)– Encapsulating legacy servers and supporting new,

“thin” clients

• Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications

– Personal Information Management» Universal Messaging: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager

– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in

Soda Hall, transfer to home environment

ICEBERG Project Goals

• Understand the implications for cellular network design based on IP technology

– Cellular / IP interworking functionality– Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF

Bay Area– “Soft” QoS for wide-area, delay-sensitive flows

• Understand how to securely– Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-

to-text– Deploy and manage computational resources in the

network– Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and

redirection, inside the network

Outline

• Example Services• Trends and Goals• Experimental Testbed• Project Approach• Research Areas

– Cellular / IP integration– Wireless link management– Multi-modal services

• Summary

Experimental Testbed

SimMillenniumNetwork

Infrastructure

GSM BTS

Millennium Cluster

Millennium Cluster

WLAN /Bluetooth

Pager

IBMWorkPad

CF788

MC-16

MotorolaPagewriter 2000

306 Soda

326 Soda “Colab”

405 Soda

Velo

Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management

TCI @Home

H.323GW

Nino

Project Approach

• Make it real: build a large-scale testbed– Time travel: bring the future to the present

– Collect “real” information about systems

– Users develop new/interesting applications

• Understanding three key research areas– Cellular / IP integration: Mobility Management, Universal Inbox– Wireless link management

» Packet Scheduling in GPRS/W-CDMA, Reliable Link Protocols

– Multi-modal services: Speech control / Information dissemination

• ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA– Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure– Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text– Service/server discovery, security, authentication, and billing

Internet-Scale Systems Research Group

Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW

Distributed Computing Services: NINJA

Active Services Architecture

MASH Media Processing Services

Distributed VideoconferencingRoom-scale Collaboration

TranSend ExtensibleProxy Services

ICEBERGComputer-Telephony Services

Speech and LocationAware Applications

Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces”

5 faculty, ~35 students

Outline• Example Services• Trends and Goals• Experimental Testbed• Project Approach• Research Areas

– New service requirements: Multi-modal user interfaces

– Generalized Information Redirection– Cellular / IP integration– Wireless link management

• Summary

New Service Requirements

• Encapsulation of complex data transformations

– Speech-to-text, text-to-speech

• Dynamic service composition– Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail

• Location-aware information services– E.g., traffic reports

• Multicast-enabled information services– Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as

number of subscribed layers increases – Reliable information delivery over low bandwidth

links

Multi-Modal User Interfaces

• Speech is the ubiquitous access method– Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular)

• Rapid support for new devices (new device in 2 hrs!)

SimjaServer

Service Entity

Room Control

Entity

BarbaraEntity

Emre

Room(MASH)

UDP

RMIGatewayCell Phone

IP-Pad(BTS)

RTP

RMI

Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application

• Dynamic data transcoding– Source and target data format independence / isolation

RoomEntity

MicrophoneCell phone

A/V Devices

Response to Client

Automatic Path Creation

Audio ICSISpeech

Recognizer

TextNLP

Cmd

Control/Metadata

Generalized Redirection Agents

• Users (will) have many communication devices

• Dynamic policy-based redirection – User- or service-specified policies– Universal Inbox: 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc.– Use APC to perform dynamic data transcoding

• Service mobility as a first class object

OfficePSTN: 510-643-7212FaxPSTN: 510-643-7352DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555PCS: 510-555-7212E-mail: adj@cs.berkeley.eduHome: 510-555-1212

OfficePSTN: 510-643-7212FaxPSTN: 510-643-7352DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555PCS: 510-555-7212E-mail: adj@cs.berkeley.eduHome: 510-555-1212

“Anthony@Berkeley”

An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people, services or processes

Universal Names: Globally unique IDs

Profile: set ofdomain-specific names

Service Mobility as aFirst-Class Object

Iceberg Inter-Domain Naming Protocol

IDNPServerIDNP

Server

Call(Randy@Berkeley, Caller’s network, Interactive, CallerID certificate)

IDNPServerIDNP

Server

ProfileProfile

PolicyPolicySystemState

SystemState

ReplicatedInformation:• Real-time• Lazy• Epidemic minutes/hours

days/weeks

weeks/months

IAPIAP

Voice Mail store Laptop (VAT)

Univ-InboxService

E-Mail store

Universal Inbox Service

IDNPServer1

IAP1

IAP2

IAP3

IAP4

GSM

IAP5

IP Core NetworkPSTN

IDNPServern

Cell-Phone to Cell-Phone

1. Dial Number

Univ-InboxService

2. Intercept Call

IDNPServer

3. Access Directory Service

5. Complete Call-Setup

Data Path(Null)

4. Create Data-Path

Cell-Phone to E-Mail

1. Dial Number

Univ-InboxService

2. Intercept Call

IDNPServer

3. Access Directory Service

5. Complete Call-SetupVoice-mailService

Data Path

4. Create Data-Path

GSM

PCM

6. Another Path

PCM

Text ------------

7. Send e-mail

Cellular / IP Integration• Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core

network– Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management– Call admission and handoff

• Mobility management interworking– Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent– GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location

Register– Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks– Scalability, security of Mobile IP?

GSM BTS-IP Integration

RBS2202

UPSim

Ethernet

IP-PAD

Traffic

SignalingE1

Control Signaling

GSM Phone

E1: Voice @ 13kb/s Data @ 12kb/s

VAT

Internet

PC

Interactive Voice Response

Infocaster

H.323 GW

NetMeetingUses OM & TRAFFIC to simulate BSC, MSC, and HLR functionality

PSTN

2 TRX

GPC boardThor-2

Performs rate adaptation function of ZAK/TRAU

Wireless Link Management

• Modeling GSM data links – Validated ns modeling suite, now using BONES simulator– GSM channel error models from Ericsson

• QoS and link scheduling for next generation links– High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet

Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) – RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling

• Reliable Link Protocols– Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%)– Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as

congestion– Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

RLP-TCP Collection & Analysis Tools

• RLP and TCP interaction measurement / analysis

– Both are reliable protocols (link and transport layers)– Trace analysis tool to determine current interaction

effects– Tools for design of next generation networks (e.g., frame

length)

BTS

TCP: End-to-End Reliability

RLP: Wireless Reliability

GSM-IP Gateway

GSM Network

TCP statsRLP statsTCP / RLP stats

Post-processing tool(300 bytes/s)

TCP and RLP Data PlotSent 30,720 bytes from mobile host to stationary

host

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Seconds

By

tes

TCP Bytes

TCP Acks

RLP Bytes

RLP Ack

Dynamic interface- Zoom, scale- Add/delete items

Summary

• Iceberg testbed will be mostly completed by summer

– Testbed will enable development of new protocols

• Lots of on-going design work– Automatic path creation– Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks– IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE)– Service location and discovery

» Query model and security

ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS

Anthony D. JosephRandy H. Katz

Reiner E. LudwigB. R. Badrinath

UC Berkeley

Stanford

March 11, 1999

http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

Bridge to theFuture

S. S. 7