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IB DP GEOGRAPHY Droughts - Horn of Africa after a continous lack of rain in late 2010. Olivia Stroobants, Kathianna Oppenhuizen & Cicely Blain. Region’s population & Economy. Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia. Region’s population & Economy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IB DP GEOGRAPHYDROUGHTS- HORN OF AFRICA AFTER A CONTINOUS LACK OF RAIN IN LATE 2010
Olivia Stroobants, Kathianna Oppenhuizen& Cicely Blain
REGION’S POPULATION & ECONOMY
Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia
and Somalia
REGION’S POPULATION & ECONOMY Region’s population – 110 milllion people
(estimation) 13 Million people affected
DJIBOUTI 774,389 (July 2012) Economy based on service activities Most food is imported due to inadequate
rainfall limiting crop growth Exports: re-exports, hides (blankets) and
skins, coffee Very few natural resources and industry Unemployment rate of nearly 60% in urban
areas
ETHIOPIA 93,815,992 (July 2012) Economy based on agriculture, accounting
for almost 50% of GDP, and 85% of total employment
Agricultural section often affected by droughts and poor cultivation factors
Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $350 million in 2006
Exports: coffee,gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
ERITREA 6,086,495 (July 2012) command economy under the control of the
sole political party Nearly 80% of population involved in
subsistence agriculture About 20% in services and industry Exports : livestock, sorghum, textiles, food,
small manufactures
SOMALIA 10,085,638 (July 2012) Economy mainly based on livestock
remittance transfer companies and telecommunications
Agriculture is most important sector, livestock provides about 40% of the country’s GDP
Exports: livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal
PREPARATION OF POPULATION FOR DROUGHTS Droughts occurred after two very dry seasons
(‘failed rainy seasons’) The Famine Early Warning Systems Network,
started noticing the droughts in August 2010 In January 2011 the American ambassador of
Kenya ‘declared disaster and called for urgent assistance.’
Food supplied to region by USA, but not enough
Farmers very badly affected also due to increasing food and fuel prices
Resulted in increased poverty
VULNERABILITY OF POPULATION Ethiopia & Kenya suffering partly due to poor
land management strategies, poor sanitation,etc little they can due
People from Somalia (15,000 per month) are fleeing to camps in Ethiopia & Kenya – overfull – suffering from droughts
Walking long distances to these camps Many people – children dying of starvation
PROBABILITY OF DROUGHTS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA High probability
40% likelihood in Eastern and Western Ethiopia and Western Kenya
45% likelihood in other parts of Ethiopia and Kenya
20% likelihood in Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia thanks to the Gulf of Eden and the Red Sea
Due to arid & semi-arid climates The Horn of Africa is expected to experience
Drought Locust infestation Floodingat least once or twice per year.
HOW OFTEN HAS THIS HAZARD OCCURRED IN THE PAST?
Occurs annually or bi-annually but the most severe cases were in;
1983-1985 1991-1992 1998-1999 2011 – the worst case of drought in the Horn
of African for over 60 years.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BY THE COMMUNITY AND THE GOVERNMENT
The following initiatives have helped to prevent droughts and help the community to recover following a drought:
Pastoralist Livelihoods Initiative (PLI) Enhanced Livelihoods in the Mandera
Triangle/Southern Ethiopia (ELMT/ELSE) programme, Regional Resilience Enhancement Against Drought
(RREAD) programme UNEP UNDP ‘Doctors without borders’
SPATIAL EXTENT OF THE DROUGHT IN 2011
Kenya 3.2 million 350,000
people camp at Dadaab
Ethiopia 3.2 million
Somalia 2.6 million
Djibouti 100,000
Uganda Sudan South Sudan
CAUSES OF THE DISASTER The Horn of Africa experienced its worst
drought in more than 60 years following two failed rainy seasons.
the main climatic trigger for the droughts is La Niña
IMPACTS OF THE DISASTERS Drought affects the four dimensions of food
security: availability,stability, access and utilization
Drought impacts on agriculture Drought on human health Drought ranks as the single most common
cause of severe food shortages droughts cause displacement of people, migration and loss of human life
MAGNITUDE, DURATION AND SPEED OF ONSET OF THE DROUGHT
RESPONSES & PERCEPTION TO THE DISASTER In the Horn of Africa especially, drought is
part and parcel of daily life. The drought had been mounting for a year,
but it wasn’t until the crisis peaked over the summer that the news media and most international donors took notice.
Donors and national governments proved unable to address the crisis effectively in its early stages.
FUTURE ACTIONS TO REDUCE FUTHER DROUGHTS & RISKS Horn of Africa Drought needs sustainable solutions to
prevent a reoccurrence of this situation in the medium and long-term
Investing in the restoration and maintenance of the Earth's ecosystems can have a key role in countering climate change as well as climate-proofing vulnerable economies.
Adaptation Measures: supporting the restoration of Kenya's Mau forest to help introduce new policies in Ethiopia, that will
assist pastoralists in managing climate change risks and shocks in six districts
councils to help improved drought resilience and water security
BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.google.nl/imgres?q=horn+of+africa&hl=nl&sa=X&rlz=1C1AFAB_enNL441&tbm=isch&prmd=imv
ns&tbnid=SH33fh46Q4zjtM:&imgrefurl=http://carbon-based-ghg.blogspot.com/2011/07/eleven-million-at-risk-in-horn-of.html&docid=P3kXnrxsJE2xxM&imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ch6s-kjGRhI/TibR4N2yksI/AAAAAAAAOv0/4BO09AS26Fo/s1600/Africa_%25252528Horn_region%25252529.png&w=341&h=341&ei=d7UeT-GcHdDu- gbntPWzDw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=1045&sig=109594286850591341382&page=1&tbnh=155&tbnw=155&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&tx=92&ty=10&biw=1366&bih=667 – map 1
http://www.google.nl/imgres?q=what+is+the+population+of+the+horn+of+africa&hl=nl&sa=X&rlz=1C1AFAB_enNL441&tbm=isch&tbnid=xj9U4z0VM3GduM:&imgrefurl=http://na.unep.net/geas/newsletter/Nov_11.php&docid=JRb1G9TbxZPARM&imgurl=http://na.unep.net/geas/newsletter/images/Nov_11/Figure3_PopulationGrowthGraphic.png&w=1000&h=733&ei=crgeT6bUBoqf-waOru0i&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=523&vpy=322&dur=3479&hovh=192&hovw=262&tx=165&ty=100&sig=109594286850591341382&page=1&tbnh=147&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0&biw=1366&bih=667 – map 2
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