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OCHDM@\CAT

Mht|edv`tmeh

Ochdm`|catp c|f vhmsvf fxz|fppmehp chd |fz|fpfht c `vktv|f+

t|cdmtmeh chd of|mtcgf ea c `evht|}( Tof Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} mp ehf

ea tof mize|tcht z|edv`tmqf pf`te|p( Qc|mevp cttfiztp ocqf lffh

icdf te dfamhf tomp l|ecd chd dmqf|pmamfd mhdvpt|}( Tof aekkewmhg

dfamhmtmeh pt|mqfp te `eqf| dmqf|pmt} chd `eizkfxmt} ea Ochdm`|cat

Mhdvpt|}(

Dfamhmhg Ochdm`|catp2

Dfamhmtmeh C``e|dmhg te Vhmtfd Hctmehp Fdv`ctmehck+ P`mfhtmam` chd

@vktv|ck E|gchmrctmeh%Mhae|ictmeh Tf`ohekeg} @eiivhmt}

/VHFP@E%MT@- Mhtf|hctmehck P}izepmvi eh @|catp chd tof

Mhtf|hctmehck Ic|nft2 T|cdf chd @vpteip @edmam ctmeh+ Ichmkc+

Zomkmzzmhfp+ E`telf| 3==72

Ochdm`|catp `ch lf dfamhfd cp z|edv`tp wom`o c|f z|edv`fd fmtof|

`eizkftfk} l} ochd e| wmto tof ofkz ea teekp( If`ochm`ck teekp ic}

lf vpfd cp kehg cp tof dm|f`t ichvck `eht|mlvtmeh ea tof c|tmpch

|ficmhp tof iept pvlptchtmck `eizehfht ea tof amhmpofd z|edv`t(

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Ochdm`|catp c|f icdf a|ei |cw ictf|mckp chd `ch lf z|edv`fd mh

vhkmimtfd hvilf|p( Pv`o z|edv`tp `ch lf vtmkmtc|mch+ cfptoftm`+

c|tmptm`+ `|fctmqf+ `vktv|ckk} cttc`ofd+ df`e|ctmqf+ avh`tmehck+

t|cdmtmehck+ |fkmgmevpk} chd pe`mckk} p}ilekm` chd pmghmam`cht(

Dfamhmtmeh c``e|dmhg te Geqt( ea Mhdmc2

Ochdm`|cat `ch lf dfamhfd+ wom`o mp icdf l} ochd> poevkd ocqf

peif c|tmptm` qckvf> tof} ic} e| ic} het ocqf avh`tmehck vtmkmt}(

Mize|tch`f ea Ochdm`|catp

Tof @vktv|ck Mize|tch`f2 Ochdm`|catp zkc} qf|} mize|tcht |ekf mh

|fz|fpfhtmhg tof `vktv|f chd t|cdmtmehp ea ch} `evht|} e| |fgmeh(

Ochdm`|catp c|f c pvlptchtmck ifdmvi te z|fpf|qf ea |m`o t|cdmtmehck

c|t+ of|mtcgf chd `vktv|f+ t|cdmtmehck pnmkkp chd tckfhtp wom`o c|f

cppe`mctfd wmto zfezkfp kmafpt}kf chd ompte|}(

Tof F`eheim` Mize|tch`f2 Ochdm |catp c|f ovgfk} mize|tcht mh

tf|ip ea f`eheim` dfqfkezifht( Tof} z|eqmdf cizkf ezze|tvhmtmfp

ae| fizke}ifht fqfh wmto kew `czmtck mhqfptifhtp chd lf`eif c

z|eimhfht ifdmvi ae| ae|fmgh fc|hmhgp(

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@kcppmam`ctmeh2

Ochdm`|catp mhdvpt|} `eiz|mpfp dmqf|pmamfd z|edv`tp ze|taekme chd

tof|f mp kc|gf qc|mft} cqcmkclkf mh ic|nft( Ochdm`|catp

z|edv`tp `ch lf dmptmhgvmpofd mhte aekkewmhg2

Iftck wc|f+ Weed wc|f+ Ochd z|mhtfd tfxtmkfp+ Fil|emdf|fd chd

`|e`oftfd geedp+ Pocwkp+ @c|zftp+ Lcilee z|edv`tp+ Rc|m

geedp+ Mimtctmeh bfwfkkf|}+ Zcmhtmhgp+ Fc|tofhwc|f+ Bvtf

z|edv`tp+ Ic|lkf P`vkztv|f+ L|ehrf P`vkztv|f+ Kfctof|

Z|edv`tp chd etof| imp`fkkchfevp ochdm`|catp chd

mhheqctmqfhfpp wmto tof vhmsvfhfpp mh mhdvpt|}(

Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} ocp fqekqfd cp ehf ea tof icbe| `eht|mlvte|p

ae| Fxze|t chd ae|fmgh fc|hmhgp2)

Fxze|tp ea ochdm`|catp mh`kvdmhg ochd nhmttfd `c|zftp dv|mhg

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Mhdmc'p icbe| fxze|t ic|nftp c|f VPC+ Gf|ich}+ VN+ A|ch`f

chd Bczch+ Pcvdm C|clmc+ @chcdc+ chd Mtck} ft`(

Mhdvpt|mck Zekm`}2

Tof|f c|f he |fpt|m`tmehp |fgc|dmhg ke`ctmeh ae| fptclkmpomhg

ichvac`tv|mhg vhmtp(

Ckk z|edv`f|p ea ochdm`|catp c|f fxfizt a|ei eltcmhmhg Mhdvpt|mck

Km`fhpf te ichvac`tv|f( Tof dfkm`fh`fd vhdf|tcnmhgp+ oewfqf|+

c|f |fsvm|fd te amkf ch Mhdvpt|mck Fht|fz|fhfv| Ifie|chdc /MFI-

mh Zc|t 'C' wmto tof Pf`|ftc|mct ea Mhdvpt|mck Cppmptch`f /PMC-+ chd

eltcmh ch c`nhewkfdgifht( He av|tof| czz|eqck mp |fsvm|fd(

T|cdf Zekm`}2

Ochdm`|cat z|edv`tp ackk vhdf| tof MT@ /OP- `edf =7(

Zcmhtmhgp+ d|cwmhgp chd zcmhtmhgp+ deifptm` c|tm`kfp ea weed ft`(

wom`o `eif vhdf| =7:3

E|mgmhck fhg|cqmhgp ackkmhg vhdf| =7: cp dfamhfd l}Geqt( ea Mhdmc c|f2

Tof} c|f svetc a|ff chd hfvt|ck te amlf| `ehtfht e| `eizepmtmeh+

lc||mhg 3::& pmkn(

Tof} mh`kvdf Gc|ifhtp+ Icdf)vz chd `ketomhg c``fppe|mfp(

C|f z|edv`fd mh `ettcgf mhdvpt|mfp(

Poevkd het ocqf rmzzf|p(

Ivpt lf e|hcifhtfd vpmhg ch} ehf e| ie|f ea tof aekkewmhg

Mhdmch aekn pt}kfp(

Ochd zcmhtmhg+ Ochd z|mhtmhg+ Lctmn+ Tmf chd D}f+ Nckcinc|m(

Ochd fil|emdf|}+ @|e`oftmhg(

Czzkmsv we|n ea pfsvmhp+ weedfh e| gkcpp lfcdp+ pofkkp+ im||e|+

e|hcifhtck ietmap ea tfxtmkfp ictf|mckp(

Fxt|c w|cz ea wfkt e|hcifhtctmeh ea pmkn+ c|t pmkn e| rc|m to|fcdp(

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Poevkd `ehae|i te poczf chd pt}kfp ea fc`o mtfi cp dfamhfd mh tof

cg|ffd kmpt ea dmaaf|fht `evht|mfp(

Poevkd pctmpa} tof dmifhpmehck cpzf`tp(

Tc|maa)heh)tc|maa Zekm`}2

Fx`fzt ae| =7:4+ ckk tof mtfip vhdf| =7 ctt|c`t c tetck mize|t

dvt} ea 06(< zf| `fht( Tomp mh`kvdfp c lcpm` dvt} ea 06 zf| `fht

chd c pzf`mck cddmtmehck dvt} ea aev| zf| `fht( Mtfip vhdf| =7:4

de het ctt|c`t ch} mize|t dvt}(

Mh Mhdmc+ ochdm`|catp c|f dmpt|mlvtfd to|evgo aekkewmhg icbe|

Dmpt|mlvtmeh @ochhfkp2

\ftcmkf|p%Dm|f`t Pckfp2

Tomp mp tof iept `eiieh dmpt|mlvtmeh `ochhfk ae| pfkkmhg

ochdm`|catp mh Mhdmc( Mh Mhdmc tof|f c|f kc|gf hvilf| ea |ftcmkf|p

woe z|eqmdfp wmdf |chgf ea ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp(

Woekfpckf|p%Dmpt|mlvte|p2

Czc|t a|ei |ftcmk chd dm|f`t pckfp `ochhfkp+ woekfpckf|p chd

dmpt|mlvte|p ckpe z|eqmdf kc|gf |chgf ea ochdm`|cat z|edv`tp(

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Woekfpckf|p `ch nffz z|edv`t pte`n mh lvkn chd `ch pfkk dm|f`t te

amhck `ehpvif| e| |ftcmkf|(

F)@eiif|`f2

Mhtf|hft ocp fif|gfd cp c ehf ea tof z|eimpmhg dmpt|mlvtmeh

`ochhfk ae| pfkkmhg tof ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp( Mt mp fptmictfd toct

mhtf|hft wmkk lf ehf ea tof icbe| `ochhfk ae| tof dmpt|mlvtmeh ea

ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp to|evgo F)@eiif|`f(

Ckk Mhdmc Ochdm`|catp Lec|d2

Tof Ckk Mhdmc Ochdm`|catp Lec|d wcp fptclkmpofd mh 3=6< te pvggfpt

qc|mevp pekvtmehp ae| miz|eqfifht chd dfqfkezifht mh Ochdm`|cat

Mhdvpt|}( Ae|ivkctmeh ea Zkchp+ Cppmptch`f te Ptctf Geqt( ae|

zkchhmhg chd fxf`vtmeh ea p`ofifp+ chd z|eqmdmhg cppmptch`f ae|

Ic|nftmhg+ Amhch`mck+ chd E|gchmrctmehck cpzf`tp ea Ochdm`|catp

Mhdvpt|}(

Ptctf chd Vhmeh Tf||mte|mfp2

Fqf|} Ptctf chd Vhmeh tf||mte|mfp ocp dmaaf|fht dfzc|tifht ae|

tof dfqfkezifht ea Ochdm`|catp Mhdvpt|}( Ic|nftmhg+ Z|eietmeh+

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Amhch`mck Cmd te Pickk P`ckf Mhdvpt|mfp+ chd etof| z|eg|cip c|f

tof avh`tmehp ea Ptctf kfqfk `e|ze|ctmehp(

@fht|ck @e|ze|ctmehp2

Tof Ochdm`|catp chd Ochd keeip Fxze|t @e|ze|ctmeh ea Mhdmc2 Mt

wcp fptclkmpofd mh 3=1

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Dmciehd+ Ptehfp+ Zfc|kp `|cat ea tof `evht|}(

Tof Ochdm`|catp chd Ochdkeeip Fxze|t @e|ze|ctmeh ea Mhdmc

/Bcwcoc| Q}czc| Locqch+ Chfx)M+ Tekpte} Ic|g+ Hfw Dfkom

33:::32

Mt mp Geqt( vhdf|tcnmhg chd |fpzehpmlkf ae| fxze|tp faae|tp ea

z|mqctf pf`te| z|eietf Mhdmch Zc|tm`mzctmeh mh Mhtf|hctmehck

Fxomlmtmehp(

Tof Ochdkeei Fxze|t Z|eietmeh @evh`mk /3

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Tof Fxze|t @|fdmt Gvc|chtff @e|ze|ctmeh /Fxz|fpp Tewf|p+ 3:to

Akee|+ Hc|mich Zemht+ Leilc})4::::3-2

Mt z|eqmdfp fxze|tp `|fdmt mhtfkkmgfh`f+ `eqf|p cgcmhpt qc|mevp

|mpnp(

Tof Fxze|t Mhpzf`tmeh @evh`mk /34%3)l F|rc Pt|fft+ We|kd T|cdf

@fht|f+ @ck`vttc) 7::::3-2

Mt mp |fpzehpmlkf ae| Svckmt} @eht|ek Mppvfp+ chd Z|f)pomzifht C`t(

Tof Afdf|ctmeh ea Mhdmch Fxze|t E|gchmrctmeh /Ckkcoclcd Lchn

Lvmkdmhg+ 37 Zc|kmcifht Pt|fft+ Hfw Dfkom)33:::3- Tof T|cdf

Cvtoe|mt} ea Mhdmc /Z|cgctm Icmdch+ Hfw Dfkom)33:::3-2

Mt wcp ptc|tfd mh 3=77 chd we|np ae| fxze|tp chd t|cdf z|eietmeh

chd dfqfkezifht(

Z|mqctf E|gchmrctmehp%Z|eietf|p2

@ck`vttc Zvzzft Tofct|f /

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?66+ Ievht \ecd+ Icd|cp 1:: :: Zoehf ) ?0?333+

4=3?=40

Tof Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} ptchdp c vhmsvf zkc`f ciehg ckk

etof| mhdvpt|mfp( Mt |fz|fpfhtp tof |m`o `vktv|f+ t|cdmtmeh chd

of|mtcgf ea Mhdmc( Mhdmcp |m`o `vktv|ck dmqf|pmt} chd of|mtcgf

z|eqmdfp c vhmsvf chd ovgf |fpev|`f ae| dfqfkezmhg `|cat

z|edv`tp( Tof Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} mp poewmhg `ehtmhvevp

g|ewto |ctf ea

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cp ehf ea tof icbe| |fqfhvf gfhf|cte| eqf| tof }fc|p( Mt ocp

poewh `ehtmhvevp g|ewto ct tof |ctf ea 36)

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ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp pmh`f qf|} kehg tmif( Lfae|f tof mhdvpt|mck

dfqfkezifht+ tomp c|t chd mhdvpt|} wcp c zetfhtmck f`eheim`

cdqchtcgf ae| tof `evht|}(

Dv|mhg |f`fht }fc|p+ tof mize|tch`f ea ochdm`|catp ocp lffh

pv|gfd dvf te tofm| `vktv|ck chd amhch`mck qckvfp( Tof pickk)p`ckf

mhdvpt|mfp mh`kvdmhg ochdm`|catp `ch zkc} c icbe| |ekf mh tof

dfqfkezifht ea tof f`ehei} ea leto dfqfkezfd chd tof

dfqfkezmhg `evht|mfp fsvckk}( Tof =:)=6& ea tof tetck mhdvpt|mck

z|edv`tp ea tof we|kd mp z|edv`fd mh pickk we|npoezp |vh l} kfpp

toch 3:: zfezkf( Ae| mhptch`f+ Bczch+ wom`o mp ct tof zfcn ea tof

f`eheim` dfqfkezifht+ ocp `ehpmdf|fd ?4& ea mtp mhdvpt|mfp cp

pickk chd ifdmvi p`ckf mhdvpt|mfp( Mh `evht|mfp pv`o cp Mhdmc chd

@omhc+ ochdm`|catp c|f cp omgo cp tof if`ochmrfd z|edv`tp mh

svckmt} chd qekvif+ chd c|f c icbe| pev|`f ea tofm| ae|fmgh

fc|hmhgp( Tofpf `evht|mfp c|f ae`vpmhg eh tof dfqfkezifht ea

ochdm`|cat mhdvpt|}+ mh e|df| te pt|fhgtofh tof f`ehei}(

Tof Mhdmch ochdm`|catp mhdvpt|} mp omgok} kclev| mhtfhpmqf+ `ettcgf

lcpfd chd df`fht|ckmrfd mhdvpt|}( Tof mhdvpt|} mp pz|fcd ckk eqf|

tof `evht|} icmhk} mh |v|ck chd v|lch c|fcp( Iept ea tof

ichvac`tv|mhg vhmtp c|f ke`ctfd mh |v|ck chd pickk tewhp+ chd

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tof|f mp ovgf ic|nft zetfhtmck mh ckk Mhdmch `mtmfp chd cl|ecd(

Ochdm`|cat mhdvpt|} mp c icbe| pev|`f ea mh`eif ae| |v|ck

`eiivhmtmfp fizke}mhg eqf| pmx imkkmeh c|tmpchp mh`kvdmhg c kc|gf

hvilf| ea weifh chd zfezkf lfkehgmhg te tof wfcnf| pf`tmehp ea

tof pe`mft}(

Tof Ochdm`|cat pf`te| mp omgok} `|fctmqf pf`te| chd z|edv`fp kc|gf

qc|mft} ea `|catp z|edv`tp( Tomp mhdvpt|} mp ke`ckmrfd pfgifht ea

tof deifptm` chd mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft( Mh Mhdmc tof z|edv`tmeh ea

`|cat z|edv`tp c|f dehf eh leto kc|gf chd pickk p`ckf( Lf`cvpf ea

kew `czmtck mhqfptifht zfezkf `ch ptc|t tofm| lvpmhfpp eh pickk

p`ckf( To|evgo tomp akfxmlmkmt} tof dfichd chd pvzzk} `ch lf

ichcgfd Oevgo Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat mhdvpt|} mp `ehpmdf|fd c

`ettcgf mhdvpt|}+ lvt mt ocp fqekqfd cp ehf ea tof icbe| |fqfhvf

gfhf|cte| eqf| tof }fc|p( Tof|f ocp lffh `ehpmptfht g|ewto ea

36& eqf| afw }fc|p chd tof mhdvpt|} ocp fqekqfd cp ehf ea tof

icbe| `eht|mlvte| ae| fxze|t chd ae|fmgh |fqfhvf gfhf|ctmeh(

Tof|f mp ovgf dfichd ae| tof Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat z|edv`tp mh leto

hctmehck chd mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft( Te ict`o tof dfichd chd

pvzzk} wmto svckmt}+ tof|f mp hffd te ocqf g|fctf| tf`ohekegm`ck

pvzze|t chd mhheqctmqfhfpp wmto tof vhmsvfhfpp mh mhdvpt|}(

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Nf} Ac`tp ea Mhdmch Ochdm`|catp Mhdvpt|}

Mhdmcp |m`o `vktv|ck dmqf|pmt} chd of|mtcgf z|eqmdfp c vhmsvf

chd ovgf |fpev|`f ae| dfqfkezmhg `|cat z|edv`tp(

Tof Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} mp poewmhg `ehtmhvevp g|ewto

|ctf ea 36& fqf|} }fc|(

Ochdm`|catp mhdvpt|} mp ehf ea tof mize|tcht pfgifhtp ea

df`fht|ckmrfd pf`te| mh Mhdmc(

Icbe| zc|tp ea mhdvpt|} ezf|ctfp mh |v|ck chd pfim v|lch c|fcp

to|evgoevt tof `evht|} chd ocp zetfhtmck Mhdmch chd

Mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft wmto c|evhd 17::: fxze|tf|p te tcz tof

ic|nft(

C``e|dmhg te tof hctmehck `fhpvp ea ochdm`|catp+ vhdf|tcnfh l}

tof Hctmehck @evh`mk ae| Czzkmfd F`eheim` \fpfc|`o tof qckvf

ea ochdm`|catp z|edv`fd kcpt }fc| wf|f ea \p

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Mhdmcp `eht|mlvtmeh mh we|kd ic|nft mp 3(

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cptevhdmhg ochdm`|catp( Tof c|tmpchp ptmkk icnf tofpf fxt|ce|dmhc|}

ochdm`|catp wmto dfxtf|mt}( Woftof| mt mp hffdkf `|cat e| l|ehrf

`cptmhgp+ iftck `|cat e| ptehf `|cat+ Chdo|c Z|cdfpo ocp c wmdf c||c}

ea ochdm`|catp toct `ch lf`eif c zc|t ea }ev| kmafpt}kf( Tof fimhfh`f

ea tofpf ochdm`|catp kmfp mh tofm| t|cdmtmehck iftoed ea `|fctmeh(

Tofpf ochdm`|catp c|f keqfd chd cde|fd het ehk} l} Mhdmchp+ lvt

zfezkf a|ei ckk zc|tp ea tof we|kd( Ich} mhoclmtchtp ea tof ptctf ptmkk

|fk} eh tof ochdm`|cat mhdvpt|}

Tof|f mp he dfc|to ea fxvlf|cht `vktv|f chd t|cdmtmehp mh chdo|c

Z|cdfpo( Of|f }ev `ch amhd ich} ae|ip ea zf|ae|imhg c|tp+

ochdkeeip chd `v|mep( Tof |chgf ea ochdm`|catp mp clpekvtfk}

achtcptm` ct Chdo|c Z|cdfpo( Tof} oekd c pzf`mck zkc`f mh tof `vktv|f

chd t|cdmtmeh ea tof ptctf(

Ochdm `|catp

Peif ea tof iept fxsvmpmtf ochdm`|catp c|f aevhd mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

Ich} ea tofi fqekqfd a|ei wmtomh tof ptctf wof|fcp peif wf|f

l|evgot l} tof zfezkf `eimhg te tomp icghmam`fht ptctf(

Lchbc|c Hffdkf @|catp/Fil|emdf|}-

Tomp c|t ae|i lfkehgp te tof heicdp chd g}zpmfp ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

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Tof fil|emdf|} ea tomp ae|i mp kmqf chd qml|cht( Lchbc|cp mh Chdo|c

Z|cdfpo dmpzkc} tofm| `eke|avk kmafpt}kf to|evgo tofm| fxvlf|cht

`ketofp(

Lmd|m @|cat

Tomp `|cat lfkehgp te tof tof `mt} ea O}df|clcd mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo( Mt

lcpm`ckk} mhqekqfp pmkqf| mhkc} eh iftck+ wom`o mp qf|} fxsvmpmtf( Tof|f

c|f ich} kfgfhdp |fkctfd te mtp fht|} chd fxmt mhte tof `evht|} chd

tofh te Chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

L|ehrf @cptmhgp

Tof acievp l|ehrf mdekp wf|f lcpfd eh tof qf|pfp a|ei tof

Pomkzcpocpt|c( Tofpf qf|pfp wf|f `ckkfd do}chc( Tofpf qf|pfp mhpt|v`t

tof `|catpifh clevt tof zo}pm`ck ifcpv|fifhtp+ z|eze|tmehp+

dfp`|mztmeh ea tof dfmt}+ `oc|c`tf|mptm`p+ p}ilekmpi chd cleqf ckk+

cfptoftm`p(

Lvdmtom L|cppwc|f

Tof Lvdmtom L|cppwc|f e|mgmhctfd a|ei c pickk qmkkcgf `ckkfd Lvdmtom

mh `fht|ck P|mncnvkci+ c dmpt|m`t mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo( Tomp zkc`f mp

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acievp ae| `|fctmhg lfcvtmavk poczfp evt ea ckke}p( Tofpf poczfp c|f

ckpe cqcmkclkf mh iedf|h cp wfkk cp chtmsvf pt}kf(

Zfilc|tom Iftck @|catp

Zfilc|tom mp c pickk qmkkcgf ke`ctfd mh tof ptctf ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo ct

clevt 3:: nip a|ei O}df|clcd( Tof qmkkcgf mp acifd we|kdwmdf ae|

mtp vhict`ofd l|cppwc|f t|cdmtmeh( Tomp iftm`vkevp l|cpp we|n c|t

akev|mpofd dv|mhg tof |fmgh ea Ncnctm}cp Fizm|f(

Dv|gm Ptehf @|cat

Tof acievp Dv|gm ptehf `|cat e|mgmhctfd mh tof Dv|gm( Mt mp pmtvctfd 3:

Nip a|ei Ic`of|kc mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo( Tof|f mp c p`oeek ea p`vkztv|f

chd ptehf `c|qmhg ke`ctfd of|f+ wom`o mizc|tp tomp ch`mfht pnmkk(

Peif ea tof icptf|zmf`fp ea Dv|gm Ptehf @|cat mp aevhd ct tof

Hcgc|bvhcnehdc ivpfvi(

Nehdczckkm Te}p

Tof acievp Nehdczckkm te}p c|f icdf ea peatweed+ nhewh cp Tfkkc

Zehmnm( Tofpf te}p c|f ckpe icdf vz ea pcwdvpt+ tcic|mhd pffd

zewdf|+ fhcifk gvip chd wctf|`eke|p( Catf| tof te} mp `c|qfd eh tof

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weed+ c zcptf icdf ea tcic|mhd+ weed chd pcwdvpt mp czzkmfd ae|

gmqmhg av|tof| poczfp chd cttc`omhg kmilp ft`(+ te tof te}( Tomp c|t

ae|i lfkehgp te tof Nehdczckkm dmpt|m`t ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

Kc`svf| Wc|f

Tof Kc`svf| `|cat mp wmdfk} aevhd mh Ftmnezzcnc mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

Tomp zkc`f mp ehf ea tof icbe| `fhtf|p ea tomp `|cat( Tof Kc`svf| `|cat

mhqekqfp tof czzkm`ctmeh ea kc`svf| eh weed mh zkfcpmhg pocdfp te

`|fctf c dmptmhgvmpomhg czzfck(

Hm|ick C|tp ) Zcmhtmhgp ! Te}p

Tof Hm|ick c|t mp gfhf|ckk} aevhd mh tof Hm|ick tewh+ Cdmkclcd

dmpt|m`t ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo( Of|f+ ich} `|catpifh nhewh cp Hcncpo

|fpmdf( Tof} c|f mhqekqfd mh Hm|cick c|tp+ mh wom`o p`fhfp a|ei tof

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Qffhc Ichvac`tv|mhg

Ct Lellmkm mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo+ tof ekdfpt ivpm`ck mhpt|vifht+

Pc|cpwctm Qffhc mp ichvac`tv|fd( Tomp mhpt|vifht mp fqfh ifhtmehfd

mh ckiept ckk ch`mfht tfxtp( Mt mp ch mhtfg|ck zc|t ea @c|hctm` ivpm`+

acievp ckk eqf| tof we|kd ae| mtp ifked} chd oc|ieh}(

Ochdkeeip

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Tof ochdkeeip ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo c|f ea fx`fkkfht svckmt}( Mt mp ckpe

acievp ae| mtp amhf pc|mp ckk eqf| tof we|kd( Fqf|} |fgmeh ea tof ptctf

ocp mtp ewh pt}kf chd wfcqf(

@om|ckc Tfxtmkfp

Tof tfxtmkfp ea @om|ckc c|f svmtf acievp( Tof @om|ckc tfxtmkf mp icdf

l} vpmhg c kc|gf svchtmt} ea emk+ wom`o mp vpfd mh z|fzc|mhg }c|h ae|

wfcqmhg( Catf| tof acl|m` mp |fcd}+ mt mp w|czzfd wmto wcx ! `kc}

lfae|f lfmhg d}fd mh pfkf`tfd `eke|p (

Doc|icqc|ci Pc|mp

Tof Doc|icqc|ci mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo mp acievp ae| pmkn pc|mp ckk eqf|

tof we|kd( Tofpf pc|mp c|f pzf`mckk} we|h eh avh`tmehp( Tof} ocqf

pmizkf+ zkcmh le|df|p wmtoevt iv`o `eht|cpt( Tof le|df|p ea tofpf

pc|mp c|f `eiiehk} l|ecd ocqmhg l|e`cdfd gekd zcttf|hp( Tof le|df|p

ckpe ocqf lvttc chd tof zckkvp ea tof pc|mp ocqf fx`kvpmqf dfpmghp(

Fkv|v @c|zftp

Tof Fkv|v mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo mp acievp ae| mtp weekfh zmkf `c|zft

mhdvpt|}( Tomp c|t a|ei wcp l|evgot te Mhdmc l} tof Zf|pmchp woe

img|ctfd te Chdo|c Z|cdfpo dv|mhg tof Ivociicddmh |fgmif( Kctf|+

tof} dfqfkezfd tof `c|zft mhdvpt|} of|f(

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Gcdwck Pc|mp

Gcdwck ke`ctfd mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo mp acievp ckk eqf| tof we|kd ae| mtp

lfcvtmavk pc|mp( Tof led} ea tof Pc|m mp `etteh wof|fcp tof le|df| chd

zckkv c|f mh pmkn( Tof `etteh chd pmkn acl|m`p c|f weqfh pfzc|ctfk} chd

tofh cttc`ofd tegftof|(

Mnct Wfcqmhg Ochdkeeip

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wof|f tof }c|h mp |chdeik} d}fd mh hctv|ck rmgrcg e| gfeift|m`

zcttf|hp( Tof Mnct wfcqmhg e|mgmhctfd mh Hckgehdc dmpt|m`t ea chdo|c

Z|cdfpo( Tomp mhtf|hctmehckk} c``kcmifd wfcqmhg ae|i+ mp hew

z|c`tm`fd icmhk} mh Zvttczcnc+ Ze`ocizckkm chd @ocvtvzzck qmkkcgfp

ea chdo|c Z|cdfpo(

Ichgckcgm|m Pc|ffp

Tof Ichgckcgm|m pc|mp chd d|fpp ictf|mckp c|f icdf a|ei Ichgckgm|m

`etteh+ wom`o mp svmtf zezvkc| of|f( Ichgckcgm|m+ ke`ctfd 3< Nip

a|ei Qmbc}cwcdc mp ckpe ch mize|tcht zmkg|micgf `fhtf| mh Chdo|c

Z|cdfpo(

Vzzcdc Pc|ffp Ochdkeeip

Tof Vzzcdc pc|mp c|f z|edv`fd mh Vzzcdc+ c lfc`o tewh ke`ctfd

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nip a|ei Ncnmhcdc( Mt mp acievp ae| ctt|c`tmqfk} dfpmghfd `etteh

pc|mp( Ct Zfddczv|ci+ tof kmqfk} chd keqfk} nehdczckkm te}p

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chd tof Lmd|m`|cat wmto pmkqf|} `ehtev|p+ ocqf lf`eif tof `}hepv|f

ea het ehk} `ehhemppfv|p+ lvt ckpe mhtf|me| dfpmghf|p(

Aekn Zcmhtmhgp

Tof ptc|t ea zcmhtmhg mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo ocp tof iept mhtf|fptmhg

kfgfhd lfomhd mt( Mt mp pcmd toct Ke|d Hc|c}ch wcp ifdmtctmhg wofh

`fkfptmck dch`mhg gm|kp t|mfd te dmptv|l omi wmto tofm| lfcvt} chd

g|c`f( Te tfc`o tofi c kfppeh+ Ke|d zcmhtfd c ze|t|cmt ea c h}izo(

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Tof ze|t|cmt wcp pe lfcvtmavk toct he weich mh Ofcqfh chd Fc|to `ch

ict`o tof lfcvt} ea tof kcd} mh tof zcmhtmhg( Tof @fkfptmck dch`f|p

wf|f ckk zvt te pocif wofh tof} pcw tof zcmhtmhg( Ke|d Qmpowcnc|ic

wcp tofh mhpt|v`tfd eh c|t pe toct of `ch mizc|t tof nhewkfdgf te

fc|to zfezkf( Tof fc|kmfpt zcmhtmhgp wf|f ckk |fkctfd te i}toekeg}

chd |fkmgmeh wom`o pkewk} ptc|tfd te `ochgf wmto tmif( Toevgo tevgo

te amhd hew c dc}p+ kehg zcmhtfd p`|ekkp c|f tof iept z|mrfd

zeppfppmehp ea ch c|t keqf|( ]ev `ch amhd pv`o p`|ekkp mh @of|mck mh

Wc|chgck Dmpt|m`t(

Nckcinc|m chd Lke`n Z|mhtfd Acl|m`p

Nckcinc|m mp tof c|t ea zcmhtmhg eh acl|m`p vpmhg c zfh( Tof hcif

Nckcinc|m mp df|mqfd a|ei 'nckci' ifchmhg zfh chd 'nc|m' ifchp we|n(

Kmnf ckk etof| c|t ae|ip+ tomp tee ptc|tfd wmto dfpmghp ea |fkmgmevp

mize|tch`f pv`o cp micgfp ea Gedp chd p`fhfp a|ei i}toekeg}( Tof

c|t ckpe akev|mpofd vhdf| tof tfizkf gvc|dmchpomz wof|f mt wcp nfzt

ckmqf( Fc|kmf| tof `eke|p ae| tof dfpmghp wf|f fxt|c`tfd zkchtp kmnf

mhdmgeaf|c chmk chd |vlmc tmh`te|vi lvt hew c|tmam`mckk} p}htofpmrfd

mhdmge chd ckmrc|mhf c|f vpfd( Tof icmh c|fcp mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo

wof|f Nckcinc|m mp dehf c|f Ic`omkmzcthci chd P|mnckcocptm(

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Weed @c|qmhgp

Weed @c|qmhg mp ciehg tof iept `eizkfx ae|ip ea c|tp chd `|catp(

Het ehk} defp mt |fsvm|f omgo kfqfk ea pnmkkp+ c `c|zfhtf| hffdp te ocqf

c ket ea zf|pfqf|ch`f chd oc|d we|n( Mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo+ mdekp ea Gedp

chd i}toekegm`ck amgv|fp c|f tof icmh zmf`fp( Oewfqf|+ weedfh

lckvpt|cdfp+ c|`ofp+ fqfh `eilp t|mhnftp chd ivpm`ck mhpt|vifhtp c|f

ckpe icdf( Tof|f c|f he pzf`mam` c|fcp mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo toct c|f

acievp ae| weed `c|qmhgp( ]ev wmkk amhdp weedfh `|cat mtfip mh ckk

zc|tp ea tof ptctf(

O}df|clcd Zfc|kp

O}df|clcd mp ehf `mt} toct mp fxt|fifk} iedf|h womkf ptmkk nffzmhg mtp

cgf ekd `vktv|f chd t|cdmtmehp ckmqf( Zfc|kp mh O}df|clcd ocqf lffh c

zc|t ea O}df|clcd pmh`f tof tmif ea Hmrcip( Tof |m`o Hmrcip get

mhtf|fptfd mh Zfc|kp chd l|evgot mh tof iept fxzfhpmqf chd fx`kvpmqf

zfc|kp a|ei ckk c|evhd tof we|kd( Pmh`f tofh O}df|clcd mp acievpk}

|faf||fd te cp 'Zfc|k @mt} ea Mhdmc'( Tof|f c|f dmaaf|fht t}zfp ea zfc|kp

wom`o c|f dmptmhgvmpofd c``e|dmhg te tofm| poczf chd kvptf|( Tof

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zfc|kp c|f tofh vpfd mh qc|mevp e|hcifhtp kmnf l|c`fkftp+ hf`nkc`fp+

fc| |mhgp+ |mhgp ft`( ]ev `ch zm`n tof lfpt zfc|k ptvddfd bfwfkf|} ae|

}ev|pfka a|ei tof ich} acievp zfc|k poezp mh tof @oc|imhc| poezzmhg

ic|nft wom`o ocqf lffh mh ezf|ctmeh pmh`f ich} }fc|p(

Iftck We|np

Tof|f c|f dmaaf|fht t}zfp ea iftck we|np z|c`tm fd mh Chdo|c

Z|cdfpo( L|ehrf we|np chd l|cppwc|f dehf mh tof ptctf c|f acievp

ckk eqf| tof `evht|}( Ptctvfp ea gedp chd geddfppfp c|f icdf ea

l|ehrf chd ae| etof| iftck `|catp+ l|cpp mp tof icmh iftck( Tof|f mp c

ae|i ea iftck we|n `ckkfd Den|c wom`o mp z|fqckfht mh c pickk qmkkcgf

`ckkfd Cdmkclcd( Mt mp acievp ae| tof ac`t toct he twe mtfip c|f

pmimkc| chd fc`o ocp mtp ewh pzf`mckmt}( Ptctvfp ea t|mlck gedp chd

amgv|fp ea ich} chmick c|f tof icmh afctv|fp ea tomp c|t ae|i(

Chetof| vhmsvfhfpp ea Den|c mp toct cktoevgo mt mp z|mic|mk} icdf ea

l|cpp+ mt ocp c `kc} `e|f mhpmdf tof iftck `cptmhg( Zfilc|tom mp

chetof| pickk qmkkcgf mh Chdo|c Z|cdfpo toct mp nhewh to|evgoevt

Mhdmc ae| mtp fxsvmpmtf l|cpp ochdm`|catp(

Tof|f c|f het ich} ptctfp mh Mhdmc toct `eif `kepf te gmqmhg tof pcif

nmhd ea qc|mft} chd pcif kfqfk ea svckmt}( Tof `vktv|ckk} |m`o zcpt ea

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Chdo|c Z|cdfpo mp ptmkk qf|} fqmdfht mh tof c|tp chd `|cat mtfip+ wom`o

gmqfp c qf|} fx`kvpmqf affk te mt( T|fcd to|evgo tof t|cdmtmehck

ic|nftp ea Chdo|c Z|cdfpo chd gmat }ev|pfka peif fxsvmpmtf

ifie|clmkmc te tcnf lc`n oeif(

PWET Chck}pmp

Pt|fhgtop2

Kc|gf+ dmqf|pmamfd chd zetfhtmck ic|nft(

Tof|f mp kc|gf z|edv`t qc|mft} chd |chgf mp cqcmkclkf lf`cvpf ea

dmqf|pmamfd vktv|f(

Mt ocp pt|ehg+ dmqf|pmamfd chd pvzze|tmqf |ftcmk mha|cpt|v`tv|f(

Dmqf|pmamfd z|edv`t |chgf toct pf|qm`f dmaaf|fht ic|nft(

@ofcz kclev| |ctfp toct |fpvkt te `eizftmtmqf z|m`f(

Hffd kew `czmtck mhqfptifht(

Tof|f mp akfxmlkf z|edv`tmeh akfxmlmkmt}(

Kew lc||mf|p ea hfw fht|}(

Fcp} `|fctmeh chd dfqfkezifht ea z|edv`tmeh `fht|fp(

Tof|f mp he hffd ae| ic`|e)mhqfptifht(

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Ezze|tvhmtmfp2

\mpmhg dfichd ae| ochdm`|cat z|edv`tp mh dfqfkezfd `evht|mfp

pv`o cp VPC+ @chcdc+ L|mtcmh+ A|ch`f+ Gf|ich}+ Mtck} ft`(

Dfqfkezmhg acpomeh mhdvpt|} |fsvm|fp ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp(

Dfqfkezifht ea pf`te|p kmnf \ftcmk+ \fck Fptctf toct eaaf|p g|fct

|fsvm|fifhtp ea ochdm`|catp z|edv`tp(

Dfqfkezifht ea deifptm` chd mhtf|hctmehck tev|mpi pf`te|(

F)@eiif|`f chd Mhtf|hft c|f fif|gfd cp z|eimppe|}

dmpt|mlvtmeh `ochhfkp te ic|nft chd pfkk tof `|cat z|edv`tp(

To|fctp2

@eizftmtmeh mh deifptm` ic|nft(

Svckmt} z|edv`tp z|edv`fd l} `eizftmhg `evht|mfp kmnf @omhc+

Pevto Ca|m`c(

Lfttf| T|cdf tf|ip eaaf|fd l} `eizftmhg `evht|mfp(

Mh`|fcpfd chd lfttf| tf`ohekegm`ck pvzze|t chd \ chd D ac`mkmt}

mh `eizftmhg `evht|mfp(

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Kmimtctmehp ea Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|}

Mhpzmtf ea ocqmhg dmqf|pmamfd z|edv`tp+ peif zc|t ea Mhdmch

ic|nft mp ptmkk vhtczzfd chd ic|nft mp z|m`f pfhpmtmqf(

Z|edv`tp c|f omgo z|m`fd mh lmg chd ift|e `mtmfp+ wom`o c|f

lf}ehd tof |fc`o ea zfezkf lfkehgmhg imddkf chd kewf| imddkf

`kcpp(

@|cat z|edv`f|p ocqf te `eizftf eh z|m`f+ svckmt} chd dfkmqf|}

ae| dmaaf|fht pfgifhtp(

Tof|f mp zee| z|eietmeh ae| `|cat z|edv`tp mh hctmehck ic|nft(

Tof|f mp kc`n ea cwc|fhfpp clevt hfw t|cdmtmehp chd ciehg

`|catpifh(

Mt mp dmaam`vkt te lckch`f tof `vktv|ck chd `eiif|`mck qckvf ea

ochdm`|cat z|edv`tp(

Mhcdfsvctf pvzzk} `ocmh ichcgfifht chd dmpt|mlvtmeh |fdv`fp

tof pf`te|p `eiif|`mck qmclmkmt} chd f`eheim` pvptcmhclmkmt}(

Kc`n ea Tf`ohekegm`ck pvzze|t chd t|cmhmhg(

Kc`n ea \fpfc|`o chd dfqfkezifht ae| nf} ochdm`|cat pf`te|p

kmnf+ `f|cim`p+ zczf| icnmhg ft`(

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Tof|f mp poe|tcgf ea pnmkkfd `|catpifh chd kclev| te ict`o tof

`eizftmtmeh(

Kc`n ea clmkmt} te z|edv`f mh kc|gf p`ckf chd `|fctf f`eheimfp

ea p`ckf(

Mhcdfsvctf ictf|mck tfptmhg chd zf|ae|ich`f ifcpv|fifht(

Mhczz|ez|mctf fhf|g} pvzzkmfp te |v|ck chd pvl)v|lch c|fcp(

Vhtczzfd chd mhc``fppmlkf ic|nft dvf te zee| t|chpze|tctmeh

mha|cpt|v`tv|f(

Tof|f c|f mhcdfsvctf t|cmhmhg `fht|fp te dfqfkez pnmkkfd

`|catpifh(

Zeppmlkf Mhmtmctmqfp poevkd lf tcnfh te

eqf|`eif tof kmimtctmehp ea mhdvpt|}

Tof z|mic|} elbf`tmqf mp te `|fctf ch fhqm|ehifht toct ofkzp

tof mhdvpt|} te `eizftf eh tof gkelck lcpmp(

Te lvmkd tof fhqm|ehifht toct wmkk ae`vp eh2 Wfckto @|fctmeh+

Mha|cpt|v tv|f Dfqfkezifht+ T|cmhmhg+ Tf`ohekegm`ck

Dfqfkezifht+ chd Zeqf|t} Ckkfqmctmeh ft`( te fhoch`f tof

pf`te| zf|ae|ich`f(

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Mh`|fcpfd Z|mqctf zc|tm`mzctmeh mh mhdvpt|}(

Tof|f poevkd lf eztmimrfd dmpt|mlvtmeh hftwe|n chd pvzzk}

`ocmh ichcgfifht(

To|evgo miz|eqmhg kclev| z|edv`tmqmt} mh c omgo kclev| mhtfhpmqf

chd z|m`f `eizftmtmqf ic|nft(

Tof|f poevkd lf z|ezf| lckch`f lftwffh `vktv|ck chd

`eiif| mck qckvf ea `|cat z|edv`tp te pvptcmh lvpmhfpp

ezze|tvhmtmfp(

To|evgo vpmhg kew `ept z|edv`tmeh iftoedp tof pvptcmhclmkmt} ea

pickk lvpmhfpp `ch lf miz|eqfd(

Qckvf Cddmtmeh Iedfk

Tof zf|ae|ich`f ea Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} `ch lf miz|eqfd chd tof

g|fctf| qckvf cddmtmeh `ch lf dehf l} mizkfifhtmhg aekkewmhg

iedfk2

Mdfhtma} tof Zetfhtmck Ic|nft

Icnmhg Faaf`tmqf Lvpmhfpp Zkch chd \famhfifht mh fxmptmhg

lvpmhfpp

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Tfpt Ic|nftmhg te tfpt tof mhmtmck zetfhtmck ea hfw z|edv`tp mh

ic|nft

Faaf`tmqf Ezf|ctmehck chd Tf`ohekegm`ck Vz g|cdctmeh

Om|mhg pnmkkfd ichzewf|+ z|eqmdf t|cmhmhg chd cwc|fhfpp clevt

kctfpt tf`ohekeg} chd ic|nft t|fhdp chd faaf`tmqf ichcgfifht(

Om|mhg pnmkkfd ichzewf|+ z|eqmdf t|cmhmhg chd cwc|fhfpp clevt

kctfpt tf`ohekeg} chd ic|nft t|fhdp(

@ept Faaf`tmqf Z|edv`tmeh> Icmhtcmh Svckmt} Ptchdc|dp+ chd

Zc`ncgmhg(

Pft tof @eptmhg chd Z|m`mhg wmto Svckmt} tcnfh te lf

`ehpmdf|ctmeh

@ept Faaf`tmqf Dmpt|mlvtmeh Dfqfkezifht vpmhg leto Zo}pm`ck chd

Fkf`t|ehm` Dmpt|mlvtmeh @ochhfkp /Mhtf|hft+ f)@eiif|`f-

Leto Hctmehck chd Mhtf|hctmehck Ic|nft Dfqfkezifht ae| lfttf|

Fxze|t chd Ae|fmgh \fqfhvf(

Weedfh Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|mck Eqf|qmfw

Weedfh ochdm`|catp c|f pzf mckmrfd pnmkkp zcppfd eh a|ei ehf

gfhf|ctmeh te tof hfxt( Tof tf|i 'weedfh ochdm`|catp' |faf|p te c

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wmdf |chgf ea weedfh mtfip `c||}mhg vtmkmtc|mch chd c|tmptm` qckvf

toct c|f icdf l} ochd+ e| wmto tof vpf ea pmizkf teekp( Mhdmch

weedfh ochdm`|catp |fakf`t vhict`ofd we|nichpomz+ amhf dfpmghp+

chd pvltkf fkfgch`f( Tomp icnfp Mhdmc ehf ea tof `omfa fxze|tf|p ea

weedfh ochdm`|catp mh tof we|kd ic|nft(

C``e|dmhg te tof `kcppmam`ctmeh ea Mhdmch mhdvpt|mfp+ c pickk p`ckf

mhdvpt|} mp dfamhfd cp ch mhdvpt|} toct mp2

Het |fgmptf|fd vhdf| tof Ac`te|} C`t(

Mhqfptifht mh amxfd cppftp defp het fx`ffd \p 1: kcnop(

Pickk p`ckf mhdvpt|mfp c|f `kcppmamfd mhte twe

`ctfge|mfp2

Iedf|h pickk p`ckf mhdvpt|mfp kmnf zewf| keeip ft`(

T|cdmtmehck mhdvpt|mfp kmnf ochdkeeip+ pf|m`vktv|f+ nocdm+ `em|+

chd ochdm`|catp(

Weedfh ochdm`|catp ackk mh tof `ctfge|} ea pickk p`ckf t|cdmtmehck

mhdvpt|mfp(

\ekf mh Mhdmch F`ehei}2

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Tof weedfh ochdm`|catp mhdvpt|} zkc}p ch mize|tcht |ekf mh tof Mhdmch

f`ehei}( Tomp mhdvpt|} |fsvm|fp kew `czmtck mhqfptifht chd etof|

|fpev|`fp( Tof weedfh ochdm`|cat pf`te| z|eqmdfp c omgo |ctme ea

qckvf cddmtmeh+ chd ocp fif|gfd cp ehf ea tof icbe| pev|`fp ea

ae|fmgh fx`ochgf fc|hmhgp ae| Mhdmc(

Mhdmch weedfh ochdm`|catp c|f iv`o pevgot catf| tof we|kd eqf|+ chd

ae|i ch mize|tcht fxze|t `eiiedmt} ea Mhdmc( Cktoevgo Mhdmc'p

ochdm`|cat fxze|tp poew c `ehpmptfht mh`|fcpf ea amatffh zf|`fht

fqf|} }fc|+ mtp poc|f mh tof mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft mp het ie|f toch twe

zf|`fht(

Tof Mhdmch weedfh ochdm`|cat pf`te| mp tof pf`ehd kc|gfpt

fizke}ifht z|eqmdf| /catf| cg|m`vktv|f-( Mt fizke}p clevt pmx imkkmeh

c|tmpchp( Weifh `ehptmtvtf c kc|gf pf`tmeh ea tof ochdm`|catp

mhdvpt|}+ mh`kvdmhg zfezkf lfkehgmhg te tof wfcnf| pf`tmehp ea

pe`mft}(

@EH@KVPMEH2

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Tof Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} ptchdp c vhmsvf zkc`f ciehg ckk etof|

mhdvpt|mfp( Mt |fz|fpfhtp tof |m`o `vktv|f+ t|cdmtmeh chd of|mtcgf ea

Mhdmc( Mhdmcp |m`o `vktv|ck dmqf|pmt} chd of|mtcgf z|eqmdfp c vhmsvf

chd ovgf |fpev|`f ae| dfqfkezmhg `|cat z|edv`tp( Tof Mhdmch

Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} mp poewmhg `ehtmhvevp g|ewto |ctf ea 36& fqf|}

}fc| chd mt mp ehf ea tof iept mize|tcht pfgifht ea df`fht|ckmrfd

pf`te| mh Mhdmc(

Iept ea tof zc|t ea mhdvpt|} ezf|ctfp mh |v|ck chd pfim v|lch c|fcp

to|evgoevt tof `evht|} chd ocqf kc|gf chd zetfhtmck mh Mhdmch !

Mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft( Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} z|eqmdfp wmdf

|chgf ea z|edv`tp lf`cvpf ea `evht|}p dmqf|pmamfd `vktv|f+

t|cdmtmehp chd of|mtcgf( Tof|f mp ovgf dfichd ea Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat

z|edv`tp mh mhtf|hctmehck ic|nft( Mhdvpt|} z|eqmdfp cizkf

ezze|tvhmtmfp ae| fizke}ifht te zfezkf lfkehgmhg te lc`nwc|d chd

wfcnf| `kcppfp ea pe`mft}( Oewfqf|+ Mhdmch Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} ocp

tof ptctvp ea `ettcgf mhdvpt|} mh Mhdmc+ lvt mt ocp poewh z|eimpmhg

g|ewto chd fqekqfd cp ehf ea tof icbe| |fqfhvf gfhf|cte| eqf| tof

}fc|p( Mt ocp poewh `ehtmhvevp g|ewto ct tof |ctf ea 36)

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Kew `czmtck mhqfptifht+ @ofcz chd pnmkkfd kclev|+ Dmqf|pmamfd z|edv`t

ze|taekme+ Akfxmlkf Z|edv`tmeh c|f afw mize|tcht afctv|fp ea Mhdmch

Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|}( Oewfqf|+ Kc`n ea Mha|cpt|v`tv|f ! Tf`ohekegm`ck

pvzze|t+ Kc`n ea cwc|fhfpp ea mhtf|hctmehck chd hfw t|fhdp chd Zee|

Z|eietmehck `cizcmghp c|f c afw d|cwlc`np ea mhdvpt|} wom`o hffdp

te lf eqf|`eif( Mt mp fptmictfd toct Ochdm`|cat Mhdvpt|} mh Mhdmc mp ckk

pft te g|ew wmto |czmd |ctf mh avtv|f chd `eht|mlvtf mtp poc|f tewc|dp

f`eheim` dfqfkezifht ochdpeifk}(

Cpzf`tp keenfd lfae|f gemhg mhte gkelck2

3(-Gkelck fhqm|ehifht ae| ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|}2

Ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} ocp aevhd c zkc`f mh tomp g|ewmhg gkelck

ic|nft chd mp qf|} iv`o mh dfichd c`|epp tof we|kd lf`cvpf ea

mtp svckmt} chd dfpmgh(

Ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} mp hewcdc}p mp `ehpmdf|fd te lf c acpomeh

ptctfifht mh dfqfkezfd `evht|} lf`cvpf ea mtp vhmsvf dfpmgh chd

tof `evht|mfp c|f cp aekkewp wmto tofm| |fpzf`tmqf dfichd(

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:&

6&

3: &

36 &

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C``e|dmhg te |ftcmkf|p+ cktoevgo @f|cim p chd gkcpp ocqf

ompte|m`ckk} lffh tofm| hvilf| ehf pfkkmhg `ctfge|}> mt mp hew

bfwfk|} chd etof| acpomeh c``fppe|mfp pv`o cp lfktp chd ochdlcgp(

Fv|ezfch Vhmeh /FV- vhdf| woei Gf|ich} defp t|cdmhg mp qf|}

fh`ev|cgmhg clevt t|cdmhg zekm`mfp wmto PCC\@ cp vhdf| woei

Mhdmc `eifp wom`o icnfp kfpp |fpt|m`tmqf zekm`mfp ea t|cdmhg ae|

Mhdmc te t|cdf wmto c `evht|} kmnf Gf|ich}(

@vktv|ck ac`te|p2

Ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} lfmhg ochd)icdf chd vhmsvf ocp c ket ea

oc|d we|n zvt mh mt wom`o icnfp mt `eptk} chd c t|evlkf te caae|d(

Mh `evht|mfp kmnf A|ch`f+ acpomeh mp kmnf wctf| te zfezkf+ wom`o

ifchp z|f mevp te tofi mh dc} te dc} kmaf( Tovp+ mh A|ch`f

dfichd mp het ovgf cp tof|f c|f ck|fcd} ich} acpomeh bfwfkkf|}

`ctfge|mfp ck|fcd} mh tofm| deifptm` ic|nft chd pcif gefp ae|

Mtck}(

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Lvt+ VPC chd VN deht ocqf ch} acpomeh mhdvpt|} ea tofm| ewh chd

|fk} eh etof| fxze|tmhg `evht|mfp ae| acpomeh e|hcifhtp kmnf

Mhdmch icdf ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} chd tomp mp |fcpeh toct tof

dfichd mp ovgf(

Het ehk} tomp+ lvt `mtmrfhp ea VPC chd VN c|f aehd ea lfmhg vhmsvf

chd tof} pff toct ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} mp ochd icdf chd

dmaaf|fht a|ei etof| t}zf ea bfwfkkf|}( @vktv|f ea tofpf `evht|mfp

pffp vhmsvfhfpp chd dmaaf|fht tomhgp mp zepmtmqf kmgot(

F`eheim`ck ac`te|p2

VPC+ VN+ chd Gf|ich} lfmhg dfqfkezfd `evht|mfp c|f

f`eheim`ckk} ptclkf chd ocqf c geed f`eheim` mha|cpt|v`tv|f

wom o df|mqfp toct zeqf|t} zf| fhtcgf mp kew chd zv|`ocpmhg

zewf| ea zfezkf mh tofpf `evht|mfp mp omgo(

Ae| fg2 VPC mp nhewh ae| icxmivi hvilf| ea imkkmehcm|fp chd

lmkkmehcm|fp mh tomp we|kd(

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Dvf te tof omgo zv|`ocpmhg zewf|+ zfezkf c|f clkf te zv|`ocpf

`eptk} ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} cp zf| tofm| |fsvm|fifhtp(

Tomp `kfc|k} ifchp Ie|f tof iehf}+ ie|f tof lv}mhg zewf| ea

`ehpvif|p

Tofpf `evht|mfp ocqf ptclkf f`eheimfp+ pe zfezkf c|f het

|fkv`tcht clevt pzfhdmhg tofm| mh`eif eh kcqmpo chd kvxv|mevp

e|hcifhtp(

Pe`mck ac`te|p2

Mh tof cleqf ptctfd `evht|mfp+ zfezkf c|f qf|} `ehp`mevp clevt

tofm| `ketomhg chd woftof| tofm| bfwfkkf|} mp ict`omhg tofm|

`ketomhg e| het chd woftof| mt mp dmaaf|fht a|ei woct etof|p c|f

wfc|mhg e| het+ lf mt ch} nmhd pe`mck gctof|mhg(

Tomp t}zf ea acpomeh `ehp`mevp `ehpvif|p woe c|f kc|gf mh hvilf|

ocqf |cmpfd tof dfichd ea ochdm`|cat bfwfkkf|} chd mh`|fcpfd mtp

ic|nft(

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