IAMTS

IAMTS(InternationalAllianceforMobilityTestingandStandardization)

Authors:Dr.JoachimTaiber,CTOInternationalTransportationInnovationCenter(ITIC)andCEOTaiberGroup,LiujunZhang,ExecutiveAssistantInternationalProjectsTÜVSÜDAutoServiceGmbH,BusinessUnitAutomotiveMarch2019Background:Theworldofautomotivetransportationiscurrentlygoingthroughthelargesttransitionphasesincetheinventionofthecardrivenbydigitalizationandelectrificationwhichhelpimplementontheonesidenewbusinessmodelsbutontheothersidealsocomeswithnewinfrastructurerequirements,ultimatelythiswillleadtonewopportunitieshowwecanorganizeourtimewhilewearedrivingaswellashowweorganizeourlifearoundtransportationandatthesametimethesocietywillbeenabledtocontributetoamoresustainableuseofnaturalresourcesutilizingrenewableenergyformobility.Itisimportanttonotethatwithinthelast20yearstheworldproductionofcarsnearlydoubledandthecommercialuseofvehiclesisabout25%.ThereisnodoubtthatthedynamicgrowthoftheChineseautomotivemarketwasasignificantdriverofthisdevelopment.Vehiclesafetyisaprimaryconcerntobeconsideredinthedevelopmentofcars,inparticularmorethan1millionpeoplearekilledperyearontheroadandmorethen20millionperyearareseriouslyimpactedbyroadtrafficinjuries.Inparticularwiththedevelopmentofconnectedandautomatedvehicles,manycountriesdevelopeda“VisionZero”strategy,whichbasicallyimpliesthatthroughtechnicalprogressultimatelynobodyhastodieanylongerinatrafficaccident.

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Inparticularindenselypopulatedurbanareasthecongestionsituationduringpeaktraffichoursleadstomassivelossesinbothpersonalandbusinessproductivitywhichisoneofthemajordriversforpeoplebeinginterestedinhighlyautomateddrivingaswellasthehugesuccessofrideshareservices.Thetrendofonlineshoppingwhichcomeswithhomedeliveriesaswellasthepopularityofrideshareservicescomewiththeriskofadditionaltrafficwhichcontributestothecongestioninurbanareas.Itisimportanttounderstandthattheprojectedenergyconsumptionfortransportationcontinuestogrow,predominantlydrivenbyNon-OECDcountries.Theprimaryconsumerofenergyintransportationarepassengerlightdutyvehicles(PLDV).Thepressuretoreplacefossilfuelsourceswithrenewableenergysourcesintransportationwillalsoincreaseoncevehicleswithelectrifiedpowertrainsreachasignificantmarketshare.Theuseofcyberphysicaltestbedstobuildahighlyautomatedmobility-as-a-serviceecosystem:Itistobeexpectedthatoverthenext10yearswewillseeashiftinconsumerbehaviorintermsoftransportationbecausetechnologywillallowaservice-centricmodelwheretheservicedeliverycanbehighlyautomated.Asweareshiftingtoahighlyautomatedmobility-as-a-servicemobilityecosystemtheexistingautomotivesuppliersystemwillalsobechangedandestablishedAutomotiveOEM’swillbechallengedbynewcompetitors.UntilthedevelopmentofautomateddrivingbecameatoppriorityformanyOEM’s,thepublicperceptionofautomotivetestingwasverymuchcenteredoncrashsafetyandvehicleemissions.

SAEAutomationLevels,Source:SAEInternational

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TestingvehiclesforSAEAutomationLevel4and5requiresanewapproachhowthevehiclesarebeingtestedbecausetheresponsibilitytocontrolthevehicleishandedoverfromahumanbeingtoamachine.ThekeychallengeistoreplicateOperationalDesignDomains(ODD’s)inphysicaltestbeds(whetherinclosedoropentestenvironments)thatfittothedrivingcapabilitiesoftheAutomatedDrivingSystem(ADS)tobetested.InordertosimulateaspecificODDinavirtualenvironment,itisimportanttocapturedatafromtherealworldenvironmentbeingsimulatedsuchasroadorbuildinginformationinsufficientprecision.AsitisimpossibletoaccumulatesufficientphysicaltestmilesinanAVvehicleprototypeonarealroadsystemtodemonstratethattheirfailurerateisstatisticallyinthemagnitudeorlowerthanhumanfailurerate(whichequalsto1.06per100millionmiles),theapplicationofsimulationtoolsinvirtualenvironmentsforverificationandvalidationoftheADSiscrucial.OneofthemainchallengesoftestingautomatedvehiclesonpublicroadsisthatasituationcanoccurwhichisoutsidetheODDoftheAVandwhichrequiremanualinteraction.Thevisionoffullyautomateddrivingcanonlybefulfilledifthevehiclecanhandleanydrivingsituationwithoutlimitations,butitissafetosaythatsuchacapabilitywouldhavetobeprovenoveraverylongperiodoftimeoveraverylargeroadsystemwithasufficientnumberofvehicles.Fortheforeseeablefuturetherealitiesoftrafficwillrequireautomatedandnon-automatedtrafficparticipantstoco-existwhichmeansthatbehavioralpatternsneedtobewellunderstoodtoensureahighleveloftransportationsafety.Asthepercentageofautomatedtrafficparticipantswillgrowovertime,theinfluenceofautomationonthebehavioralpatternsintrafficwillbecomesignificanttoadegreethatitcanactuallyinfluencetrafficflowandfleetenergyconsumptionatlarge.Atypeapprovalorcertificateofconformity(homologation)isgrantedtoaproductifitmeetsaminimumsetofregulatory,technicalandsafetyrequirements.Inmanycountriesatypeapprovalisrequiredbeforeaproductcanbesold.InmajorautomotivemarketssuchasEUandChinatypeapprovalforautomotivevehiclesismandatory.InothermajormarketssuchasUSAaself-certificationprocessperformedbytheOEMissufficient.ThismeansthattheOEMvalidatesthatthevehiclemeetstheregulatoryrequirementsandwitnessingbyathirdpartyauthorizedbythegovernmentisnotnecessary.Theself-certificationprocessincludingproperdocumentationandevidenceisrequiredtodemonstratecompliance.Thegovernmentisauthorizedtotestproductionvehiclestoverifycompliance.

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InparticularintheUStestingofautomatedvehiclesonpublicroadsbecameamajorregulatorytopicandsomeUSStatesbecameveryprogressiveinintroducinglegislationtomakepublicroadtestingofAV’slegal,evenwithoutasafetydriverbeingpresentwhencertainconditionsaremet.ThedynamicsofsupportingAVpublicroadtestingistypicallydrivenbyeconomicdevelopmentmotivestoattractAVR&DactivitiesandsupportcompaniesthatdevelopAVsolutions.BothEUandChinahavebeenmorerestrictiveregardingAVtestingonpublicroadsthantheUSbuttheyareveryactiveindevelopingaregulatoryframeworkwhichincludestypeapproval.Theiremphasisistocombinevirtualtesting,physicaltestingonclosedtracksandpublicroadstoachieveproductcertification.Asaresultoftheemphasisoftheautomotiveindustrytodevelophighlyautomatedandfullyautomatedvehicles,agrowingnumberofdedicatedAVtestfacilitiesarebeingdevelopedworldwide.Mostofthosefacilitiesaredesignedforshareduseamongdifferentstakeholdersofthesmartmobilityecosystem.Asindicatedbefore,itisessentialtoverifyandvalidateAVsystemsincyberphysicaltestbedswhichcanbeestablishedbothinclosedaswellasinopenenvironmentstosupporturban,ruralandhighwaydriving.Thefundamental“language”todefineandunderstandactionandresponsepatternsbetweenvehiclesorinmoregeneralbetweentrafficparticipants–whetherautomatedornon-automated–aredrivingscenarios.Drivingscenarioscanbedesignedintovirtualsimulationenvironmentsandtheycanbevalidatedinphysicaltestenvironments.TheAVperceptionsystemwillreceivethedatarequiredfortheplanningsystemtodecidehowthevehicleshouldrespondwithinspecificscenarios.Machinelearningalgorithmsneedtobetrainedwithsuitabletestdatatotranslateperceivedsituationsintocorrecttargetactions.Collectingdatafromhuman-driversonpublicroads,generatingdatawithinsimulatedscenariosandvalidatingdatafromdrivingonclosedandopenphysicalenvironmentswithAVtestvehicleswillleadtoanoverallbigtestdatasetwhichcanbesharedamongthedifferentstakeholdersbeinginvolvedindevelopinganADS.Thesourcesofdatacanbebothpublicandprivate.Inordertoensurethatspecificdrivingscenarioscanbesupportedwithinaphysicaltestbedorapublicroadnetwork,aclassificationoftheAVcapabilitiesoftheinfrastructureisneededinordertobematchedwiththeAVcapabilitiesoftheADStobetested(e.g.usingascenario-basedapproach).OncetheAVcapabilitiesoftheinfrastructureandtheAVcapabilitiesofthevehiclefleetareunderstoodincontext,ahighlyautomatedmobility-as-a-serviceplatformforwell-definedODD’scanbedeveloped.

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TheneedtoformtheInternationalAllianceforMobilityTestingandStandardization(IAMTS):Aspointedoutinthepreviouschapter,alargenumberoftestbedsarebeingestablishedworldwidethattargettoenableahighlyautomatedsmartmobilityecosystem.Althoughtheintroductionofhighlyautomatedandfullyautomateddrivingsystemishighlycompetitive,thesuccesswiththeconsumerwilldependtoastrongdegreeonhowwellthemobilityservicescanworkincontext.Thismeansthathighlyautomatedmobilityservicesneedalsobetestedincontext.Itrequirestheuseofa“commonlanguage”tounderstandaction-responsepatternsforwelldefineddrivingsituations.Also,regulatorycompliancetestsortypeapprovaltestsneedtobeperformedinfacilitiesthatmeetaminimumrequirementstandardintheircapabilitieswhichcanhelptoimprovetheoverallqualityleveloftestfacilitiesthatoffertheirservicesinthedomainofhighlyautomatedandfullyautomatedvehiclesystemdevelopmentandcertification.Anotherimportantaspectistheavailabilityofhighqualitytestdatatothewholedeveloperecosystemtoavoidunfairmarketconditionsdictatedbyafewpowerfulplayers.

KeyproblemsbeingaddressedbyIAMTS

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Thevision,missionandvaluepropositionofIAMTS:

VisionofIAMTS

MissionofIAMTSTosupportthemissionofIAMTS,theregisteredtestbedswillberegularlyauditedfortheircapabilitiesandoperationalperformancebyindependentexpertsandupdatedbytheoperatorswithinacommittedtimeframe.TheAllianceValueProposition:

• Obtainunbiasedevaluationsofthecapabilitiesofsmartmobilitytestbeds• Identifyglobalexpertsthatprovideservicestodesign,build,operateandutilizesmartmobilitytestbeds• Bringtogethertestbedusersandoperatorsataglobalscaletohelpdevelopacommonlyacceptedframeworkof

regulations,testscenarios,validationandcertificationmethods,andterminology• AccessabigdatapoolforAVtestingcapturedattheregisteredtestbedsofIAMTS

TosupportthekeyaspectsofthevaluepropositionofIAMTS,thecapabilitiesandoperationalperformancecriteriaofregisteredtestbedswillbedocumentedinadatabasefollowingastandardizedevaluationformat.

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TheAlliancewill:

• Undertakeactivitiesanddevelopmaterialsdeemednecessarytomeetthedefinedmissionandvision• Establishworkinggroupstoaddresstopics• Engagetheexpertiseofexternalstakeholdersasneeded• Shareoutput/informationwiththeglobalcommunity• Participateinspecificationsandstandardsactivities

Tobringtogethertestbedusersandtestbedoperators,IAMTSwillnegotiatediscountratesofservicesforIAMTSmembers.RegisteredtestbedscanleverageIAMTStocommunicatetheircapabilitiesandattractusers.IAMTSwilleducateitsmembersregularlyaboutprogressofsmartmobilitytechnologieswithafocusonhighlyautomateddrivingthroughtrainingsessionsandtechnologydemonstrationeventsattestbeds(whichcanalsobecombinedwithconferenceeventswhereapplicable).IAMTSwillcarefullyselecttheprovidersofmembershipservices,defineapplicableregistrationandqualificationprocessesandapprovals,anddefineprocessforregularreviewandconfirmationbasedoncustomerfeedbackandperformance.Contactinformationofregisteredandapprovedserviceproviderswillbemadeavailableviaadatabasetothemembers.

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TheproposedmembershipmodelofIAMTS:IAMTSismadeupofMemberorganizationswhichareengagedinthesmartmobilityecosystem.Toachieveitsobjectives,theAlliancehasdifferentlevelsofmembershipprovidingdifferentlevelsofengagementandbenefits.IAMTSoffersmembershipstobothpublicandprivate,largeandsmallorganizations.Therationalebehindthisistobuildacommunityofexpertswhichcanprovidetheirknowledgeandtobuildacommunityofcorporationsthatcanbringinbothhumanandfinancialresources.TherearesixmembershiplevelsasdefinedintheMembershipAgreement:Expert,Affiliate,Base,Core,StrategicandStrategicPartner. Themembership levels determine initial and annualmembership fees,membership services eligibility and roles thememberisallowedinthegovernancestructure.MembershipLevelbasedbenefitsareasdescribedinthetablebelow:

MembershipLevel Constraints&OpportunitiesExpert CanbeofficialserviceproviderafterregistrationandCommitteeapproval.Affiliate CanbeofficialserviceproviderafterregistrationandCommitteeapproval.Base CanbeofficialserviceproviderafterregistrationandCommitteeapproval.Eligible

forservicediscounts.Core CanbeofficialserviceproviderafterregistrationandCommitteeapproval.Eligible

forservicediscounts.Eligibleforcommitteeandprojectleadershippositions.EligibleforTechnicalLeadershipCommittee.Onevoteforgeneralballotsandballotstodetermineprojectandcommitteeleadership.

Strategic CanbeofficialserviceproviderafterregistrationandCommitteeapproval.Eligibleforservicediscounts.Eligibleforcommitteeandprojectleadershippositions.EligibleforTechnicalLeadershipCommittee.EligibleforExecutiveCommittee.Twovotesforgeneralballotsandballotstodetermineprojectandcommitteeleadership.

StrategicPartner EquivalenttoStrategicLevel.

SeeinAddendumAamatrixorganizationstructurechartwhichprovidesamoredetaileddescriptionofthemembershipcategoriesandmembershiplevels.

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AnimportantaspectofthemembershipmodelistoprovideopportunitiestomemberstobecomeaserviceprovideraswellastoprovideincentivestocorporatememberstoutilizeservicesthroughtheAlliance.BelowisanoverviewaboutthemembershipservicesthatwillbeprovidedbyIAMTS:MembershipService OfferingTraining • AVverification&validationmethods

• Mobilityrelatedrules&regulationsConsulting • Designofsmartmobilitytestbeds

• Optimizationoftestbedoperation• DevelopmentofAVtestprograms

DataAnalytics • Accesstosmartmobilitytestbeddatabase• Accesstotestbedbigdatapool• Specificdataqueries• User/Operatormatchmaking

Testing • Accesstotestfacilitieswithspecifiedcapabilitiesatpreferredconditions

Certification • Accesstoauditorsthatcancertifyvehicles,infrastructureortestbeds

Projects • Involvementinpre-competitiveR&DprojectsthroughIAMTSpartnerships

Conferenceandtechnologydemonstrationevents

• Conferencesponsoring• Customizedtechnologydemonstrationevents

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ThegovernancestructureofIAMTSiscomposedofoneboardandtwocommittees:

OverviewofIAMTSGovernanceStructureGoverningBody PurposeandOverview

SAEITCBoardofDirectors

Managesthebusinessandaffairs,andactivelypromotesthepurposes,ofITC.Providesthelegalframework,antitrustandintellectualpropertypoliciesandinsuranceprogram.

ExecutiveCommittee Decision-makingbodyresponsiblefortheleadership,managementandfinancialobligationsoftheIAMTS,initiallycomprisedofthreeStrategicMembersorPartners.Develops,updatesandapprovesmembershipcharter;definesprocessformembershipserviceproviders;providesinputtobudgetandcontractors;approvesappointmentstoTechnicalLeadershipCommittee;developsandapprovesstrategicandoperationalgoals;reviewsrevenueandbudgetdevelopmentperiodically;reviewsoperationalperformanceofstaff/contractors/serviceprovidersperiodically

TechnicalLeadershipCommittee

Responsiblefortechnicalimplementationoftestbeddatabase,thetestbedbigdatapoolandthetestbedcertificationprogram;responsibleforR&Dprojectpartnerships;responsiblefortechnicaltrainingprogram;responsiblefortechnicalprogramdevelopmentofIAMTSconferencesorconferenceswithIAMTSinvolvement;implementstechnicalcommitteestosupportactivitiesitisresponsiblefor.

SAEITCwillprovidethelegalprotectionsandpoliciestooperatetheAlliance.ThesupportfortheAlliancewillbeperformedbytheSAEITC,butSAEITCinitsdiscretioncansubcontractsuchsupportservicestothirdparties.

SAEITCwillappointSAEITCstafftosupportthedailyoperationsoftheAlliancewithinputfromtheExecutiveCommittee.TheSAEITCstaffadministrativelyreportstotheSAEITCChiefOperatingOfficer.

SAEITCstaffhavenovotingrights.

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TheAllianceSAEITCstaffisresponsibleforongoingoperational,technicalandadministrationtosupporttheAlliance,whichinclude(butnotlimitedto)thefollowing;

• ServeasthesinglePointofContact(POC)fortheAlliancetoensureadirectlineofcommunicationwithMembers;

• ActasthePointofContact(POC)andSpokespersonforcommunicationswithexternalorganizations,suchasmedia,press,government(NHTSAandothers),prospectivemembers,andotherorganizations,etc.;

• ActasthePointofContact(POC)withSAEInternational;• Evaluates,recommendsandauthorizesdeploymentandimplementationofinitiativesandworkoutputs/results

oftheAlliance;• EstablishMOUs,partneringagreements,contracts,etc.;• ManagetheAlliance’soperationalbudget;• ManagedailyoperationsoftheAlliance,e.g.marketing,branding,promotion,outreach/publicrelations,

website,etc.;• Hirestaff,consultants,procureservicestosupportMemberapprovedtasks;• Administrativesupport,suchasaccounting,procurement,spacerental,utilities,ITservices,marketing,

communications,etc.maybecontractedfromSAEInternational,ThornHillLLCorotherorganizationsatthediscretionoftheSAEITCstaff

AportionofIAMTSmembershipfeesorotherfundsasapplicable(e.g.grants,sponsorshipsandcontributions)maybeusedforasmartmobilityinnovationfundwhichcanco-financepre-competitiveresearchprojectsorinnovationoutreachevents,leveragingeitherpubliclyorprivatelyfundedprojectswhichincludetheutilizationofsmartmobilitytestbedsandcontributetothegenerationoftestdata.SeeAddendumBfordetailsoftheIAMTSOrganizationalRoadmap.SeeAddendumCfortheIAMTSActivitiesRoadmap.

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MembershipLevel

StrategicPartner StrategicMember CoreMember BasicMember AffiliateMember Expert

Regulation,StandardsandCertificationProviders • SDO

• SDO• CTO

• SDO• CTO• Government

• SDO• CTO • Government

TestingServiceProviders

• TestFacility• Operator• Simulator• RECS• ICT• Academic

• TestFacility• Operator• Simulator• RECS• ICT• Academic• Government

• TestFacility• Operator• Simulator• RECS• SmB*

• Academic• Government • SmB*

TestingServiceConsumers

• Manufacturer• Insurer• MaaS• RECS• ICT

• Manufacturer• Insurer• MaaS• RECS• ICT• Academic• Government

• MaaS• RECS• ICT• SmB

• Academic• Government • SmB

Other • Other** • Other** • Other** SDO=StandardsDevelopmentOrganization *MustbecertifiedbyIAMTSCTO=Certification&TestingOrganization **MusthaveExecutiveCommitteeorCharterMemberapprovalRECS=Research,EngineeringandConsultingServicesfirmICT=InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyfirmMaaS=MobilityasaServiceProviderSmB=SmallBusinessManufacturer=OEMorTier1-2SupplierAcademic=Non-ProfitAcademicorAcademic-AffiliatedResearchInstitutionOperator=TestbedOperatororTestOperatorGovernment=Local,National,RegionalandRegulatoryOther=Otherorganizationwhoseproducts,servicesorinterestsarerelevanttotheIAMTSmission,visionandscope

ADDENDUMA:MembershipLevelEligibilityMatrix-IAMTS

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IAMTSOrganizationalRoadmap

Phase1Q42018-Q12019

• Approvalofmembershipmodelandfeestructurebysponsoringentities• Identioicationofandconsultationwithfoundingmembercandidates• Identioicationofstrategictestbeds

Phase2Q22019-Q42019

• Commitmentoffoundingmembers• AnnouncementofISTMAatmajorconferences• Implementationofgovernancestructure• Buildingofmembershipbaseandserviceportfolio

Phase3Q12020

• Strategicreviewofimplementationphaseandmembershipfeedback• Growthofmembershipportfolio• Optimizationofmembershipserviceportfoliotoensuresustainableoperation

ADDENDUMB:

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IAMTSActivitiesRoadmap

1. Jointresearchactivity:in-depthanalysisoftestingstandards,certificationsystemsandtestbedoperationmethodswithfocusonICV/CAV(intelligentconnectedvehicles,connected&automatedvehicles)–firststepemphasisonL3Autonomy:

o Testingcertificationsystemsformass-producedL3automatedvehicles

o Requirementsoftestingcertificationoftestbedsformass-producedL3automatedvehicles

2. ParticipateinthejointDIN-SAEseriesofspecificationsontestingofautomatedandconnectedvehicles

3. Establishalistofglobaltestbedsandtheirunauditedcapabilities

4. CreateapricinganddiscountsheettablefortestingservicestoISTMAMembers

5. Createadatabasetohousedetailedinformationaboutglobaltestbeds,operatorsandotherserviceproviders

6. Establishanauditingprogramfortestbeds

7. Jointresearchactivity:Howtoacceleratetestingmethodsforvehicle-in-the-loop?

8. Jointresearchactivity:WhatarethefuturesmartmobilitybusinessmodelsinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia-Pacificregions?

ADDENDUMC: