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1PART 1 Theory
BRIEF IAIDO HISTORY The Founder of Iai-Do was the master swordsman Hayashizaki Jinsuke Shigenobu who lived around 1550
AD during the Muromachi Period. Most ancient schools of Iai-Do trace their roots back to this one man.
The Soke and Founder of Hokushin Shinoh Ryu, Shinoda OhHo Masatsune (1887-1976) studied
swordsmanship with Hokushin Itto Ryu Kenjutsu and was a direct student of Soke Ono Nao Uemon. He
remained with that school until the mid Meiji Era, where he received a Menkyo Kaiden, signifying mastery of
all techniques of Hokushin Itto Ryu.
A Menkyo Kaiden is a certificate issued to a student when the master believes he has taught his student
everything he knows, conferring upon him full master ship of the art form. It is only at this point, that it
becomes acceptable for a swordsman to study a different style from another master, any earlier would be
considered disloyal.
Shinoda OhHo Masatsune then learned and mastered Shinto Ryu Kenjutsu under Soke Hibino Fu
(1750) and also attained a Menkyo Kaiden in that style. He was granted permission by both Grand Masters to
establish his own "Ryu", which he did by combining what he had learned from both schools' techniques.
In 1924, the 13th year of Emperor Taisho, Shinoda OhHo Masatsune founded Hokushin Shinoh Ryu
Iai-Do in Kagoshima. In 1937, he also built and established a school (Honbu) in Nagoya, near to Tokugawa
Castle. Shinoda named his school Hokushin Shinoh Ryu as a tribute to both of his teachers. Hokushin is from
Hokushin Itto Ryu Kenjutsu, Shin-oh uses the character Shin from Shinto Ryu Kenjutsu and the character Oh
is from his own art-name OhHo.
Kimura Hekiho Masakazu is the current head of Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Heiho Iai-Do So-Honbu. He
holds the rank of Sei-Shihan 9th Dan (Menkyo-kaiden) and became inheritor of Ryu (the Grand Master of Iai-
Do), Hokushin Shinoh Ryu So-Honbu in 1976, when Soke Shinoda Ohho Masatsune passed away. Grand
Master Kimura Hekiho holds the rank of Kyo-Shi 8th Dan with Zenkoku Iai-Do Renmei (The National Iai-Do
Federation of Japan) where he is a member of the panel of judges. He is also a member of the Supreme Council
of Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Iai-Do Ohgokai.
Born in Nagoya on November 29, 1926 Kimura Hekiho Masakazu grew up in a family steeped in
samurai tradition and with a long history associated with Nagoya Castle. His Great Great Grandfather was a
retainer to the Daimyo and it was from this Lord that his family received the name Kimura.
Grand Master Kimura was thirty years old when he first met Shinoda Ohho Masatsune and he was
already an accomplished swordsman, having studied Yagyu Shinkage Ryu under Kazimima, a senior instructor
from that school of swordsmanship. It was 1957 and Shinoda had just rebuilt his new dojo in Nagoya when
Kimura Hekiho Masakazu joined and consequently became his first student in the new dojo. Shinoda never
forgot this fact and bestowed on Kimura, the honour of teaching all new students. Kimura Hekiho got on very
2well with Soke Shinoda Ohho and recently when he was questioned on whether Shinoda had a favourite waza,
he just laughed and said, "Naturally he loved all his waza because he created them". Kimura's favourite
movement is Mura Same.
The current Grand Master of Hokushin Shinoh Ryu, Kimura HekiHo and Master GoHo both have the
character Ho in their Iai-Do art-names.
Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Iai-Do consists of twenty nine offensive and defensive movements (kata). Many
of them start from the formal sitting position (seiza), rise through to the standing position and end by sheathing
(noto) the sword while returning to the sitting position (seiza.) It is this distinctive flair that sets Koryu,
Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Iai-Do apart from other schools of swordsmanship.
Iai-Do is the ancient Japanese art of drawing the sword and cutting in a single movement. It was created
for the physical and mental discipline of the Samurai warrior practicing arts in the Dojo.
Students are taught Iai-Do techniques for use against single and multiple attackers, even against spear
(yari) and armour (yoroi). Iai-Do combines various offensive and defensive movements teaching a swordsman
to receive and counter an attack from any direction at any time.
The blade length (nagasa) is measured in a straight line from the mune-machi (back blade notch) to the tip of the kissaki (point). The nakago is measured from the mune-machi to the tip of the nakago (nakago-jiri). The Boshi (tip of sword) is measured from the yokote to the tip of the kissaki. Sori (curvature)(see below) is measured from the back of the blade (mune) at the widest point on a straight line from the mune-machi to the tip of the kissaki (point). Japanese Unit Conversions 1 shaku = 11.93 inches (30.30cm) 1 shaku = 10 sun
1 sun = 1.193 inches (3.03 cm) 1 sun = 10 bu
1 bu = 0.119 inches (0.303 cm) 1 bu = 10 rin 1 rin = 0.01193 inches (0.0303cm)
Note: 1 shaku is commonly approximated to be 12 inches (1 foot) Sword Blades Classified by Length: Daito ( katana, uchi-katana, tachi, no-dachi ) - nagasa over 2 shaku Shoto ( wakizashi, chisai-katana ) - nagasa between 1 and 2 shaku Tanto - nagasa under 1 shaku
3RANKS, TITLES AND UNIFORMS Students learning Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Iaido start without a rank. Kyu grade examinations are conducted by the DOJO Sensei after 6 months of training. There are two kyu grades, Sho-Dankai and Jo-Dankai. Ko Hai Junior Student Sempai Senior Student Sensei Associate Instructor Shihan Senior Instructor Joseki Shihan Higher Instructor Suseki Shihan Head Instructor Ryuha Keisho Sha Grand Master Soke (Ryusho) Head of Style (actually, head of family, unifier of gods and lineage) Each student is required to have the correct Iaido uniform before attempting their first examination, Sho-Dankai. The correct uniform consists of; Iai-Do Dogi (top) – Dark Blue keikogi Obi (Iai-Do belt) Hakama (Blue or Black) Iai-To (practice sword) Tabi (Japanese socks) - Optional
DOJO Safety 1. Check the mekugi before practice 2. Never cut towards anyone. Cut towards a blank space or wall. 3. Check your position; front, side and rear. Make sure it is clear before cutting. 4. Never walk behind a swordsman. 5. Treat any sword as a live blade (sharp). 6. Clean and oil your blade regularly. 7. Respect courtesy, when you are carrying sword in the Dojo. 8. The Iai DoJo is always a dangerous place. The ultimate responsibility to stay safe belongs to you.
DOJO Etiquette Class participant line up for the opening and closing class etiquette according to their rank and title.
Shrine/Main Shihan If the class has a Shihan,
that person is closest to the shrine and in the centre.
Sensei Sensei Sensei Sensei’s line up next. If there is only one, they are to the right (shown in bold)from Highest Sensei
Sempai Sempai Sempai Next the Sempai’s or senior students line up. These students must be Shodan Ho or higher. If there is only one, they line up on the right.
Ko Hai Ko Hai Ko Hai Then the junior students line up according to their rank. Jo-Dankai would be closest to the front, with Sho-Dankai behind them and then the newest students at the back, farthest from the shrine.
Ko Hai Ko Hai Ko Hai
4When bowing to begin or finish the class, the commands used are: Command Meaning Called By Shinzen ni rei Bow to the Shrine Highest Ranking Sensei To rei Bow to sword Highest Ranking Sensei Shihan ni rei Bow to the Master (If present) Highest Ranking Sensei Sensei ni rei Bow to the Teacher Highest Ranking Sempai Sempai ni rei Bow to the Senior Students Highest Ranking Sensei Otagai ni rei Bow to each other Highest Ranking Sensei 1. Bow at the door when entering or leaving the DOJO. 2. Bow to the instructor or highest ranking student when entering the DOJO 3. Do not talk un-necessarily during class. Speak only to your instructor. 4. Do not stand around idle, practice. 5. Ensure your uniform is clean and tidy. 6. Always bow and respond when your instructor has finished speaking to you. 7. Ensure your fees are paid promptly. GRADING REQUIREMENTS
Rank Requirements Graded By Sho-Dankai Any 5 waza of your choosing DOJO Instructor Jo-Dankai Any 5 waza of your choosing DOJO Instructor Shodan-Ho 1. Shinken Shihan 2. Mak-ko 3. Ichi-monji 4. Uraomote 5. Tenchi Shodan Previous 5 Waza plus; Shihan 6. Geza-dome 7. Tachi-sugata 8. Tsuka Otoshi Written Test Nidan-Ho & Nidan Previous 8 Waza plus; Shihan 9. Sok-ko 10. Tsuka-gaeshi Written Test Sandan-Ho & Sandan Previous 10 Waza plus; Shihan 11. Sayu-dome 12. Mura-same Written Test Yondan-Ho & Yondan Previous 12 Waza plus; Shihan 13. Kasumi 14. Kuguri 15. Waki-gamai Written Test Godan & Rokudan Previous 15 Waza plus; Shihan 16. Sasoi 17. Yari-sabaki 18. Ryu-sei 19. Sure-chigai 20. Inazuma Written Test Nanadan Previous 20 Waza plus; Shihan 21. Tsuki-kage 22. Kesa 23. Mura-kumo
5 24. Sui-getsu 25. Hien-gaeshi Written Test Hachidan Previous 25 Waza plus; Shihan 26. Kage-ro 27. Senuki-battou 28. Shiho-giri 29. Oi-uchi Written Test GRADING ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS
The following table gives the attendance requirements for qualification to grade.
Request to be Graded Qualification Required Annual attendance Remk.
Shodan-kai 4 months or more 16 lessons + Sensei
Jodan-kai 4 months from Shodan-kai 16 lessons + Sensei
Shodan-ho 4 months from Jodan-kai 16 lessons + Shihan
Sho-Dan Shodan-ho 30+ lessons per annum Shihan
Nidan-ho Sho-Dan 30+ lessons pre annum Shihan
Ni-Dan Nidan-ho 30+ lessons per annum Shihan
Sandan-ho Ni-Dan 32+ lessons per annum Shihan
San-Dan Sandan-ho 33+ lessons per annum Shihan
Yondan-ho San-Dan 35+ lessons per annum Shihan
Yon-Dan Yondan-ho 35+ lessons per annum Shihan
Go-dan Yon-Dan 40+ lessons per annum Shihan
Roku-Dan Go-Dan 40+ lessons per annum Shihan
Nana-dan Roku-Dan 40+ lessons per annum Shihan
Shihan-Dai Nana-Dan Recommended by.. Grandmaster
Hachi-Dan Shihan-Dai Recommended by.. Grandmaster
Joseki-Shihan 8th Dan + 2 years 46+ years of age Grandmaster
Suseki-Shihan Joseki-Shihan + 3 years 50+ years of age Grandmaster
Kyu-Dan Suseki-Shihan + 5 years 65+ years of age Grandmaster
6
Grading Fees –
7TECHNIQUES –
Age – lift or raise up
Aiuchi – mutual strike, strikes at the same time
Ate – strike
Ato – move back
Ayumi ashi – normal walking motion, back foot slides up to become front foot
Batto – drawing a sword, cutting objects
Chiburi – shaking off the blood, cleaning the blade (zanshin should always follow)
. Chibarai – clean off or remove blood
. Chinugui – wiping off the blood
. Front-Stand Chiburi: stand Makko-cutting, front swing down Chiburi, conceal Noto
. Makko Chiburi (isei: exercise the power):straight sword to right horizontal isea, front swing down Chiburi
. Oh Chiburi – large upper circular chiburi
. Sasoi Chiburi (Tenjou Furi): cut and bounce back up quick for Chiburi
. Senukibatto Chibarai (wipe off with paper): wipe off with right hand while sword is in kamaeru position
. Shinken Chiburi: one knee makko-cutting, right side Chiburi. (horizontal)
. Sitting Position Chiburi: from front centre/turn cutting-edge right-side, flick to the right
. Sokko Chiburi (Furu): drop sword-tip, swing-up to left, hit/stop-Chiburi
. Standing Position Chiburi: bring fist of right hand with sword to forehead, flick tip of sword down
. Tachi-Hiza Chiburi – chiburi while single knee position
. Tsukagaeshi Chiburi (Tataki Otosu): drop sword-tip down, hit the hand/sword to do Chiburi
. Yarisabaki Chibarai (wipe off with fingers): wipe with left hand while bring sword handle to the rear
Chudan – middle position, middle kamae, sword in middle
Datto – taking sword from belt
Eguru – to scoop out, gouge
Enzen no metsuke – gaze at the far mountains
Fudoshin – immovable mind, calm spirit
Fumi – a step back-ward (return back)
Fumi-Dasu – step forward
Fumi komi – shift forward, as in a strike, using the hips
Gedan – lower level, sword pointed down
Geza-Dome – (waza) seating defence (block)
Gokai – grandeur, large feeling, full motions
Gyaku kesa giri – diagonal upward cut
Hane age – flipping over (flipping up the blade)
Hanmi – half forward stance
Heiko – parallel
Henka waza – small variations in same basic technique
Hi-En-Gaeshi – (waza) “return flying swallow”
Hiki To-Shi – deep slice cutting
Iai Goshi hips lowered, knees slightly bent, stable position
Iai Hiza, Tate Hiza – kneeling on one calf
Ichi-monji – (waza) straight line, horizontal
Ina-Zuma – (waza) “lightning speed”
Isei – display might, exercise power.
8Jiku ashi – turning foot, the main axis of rotation
Jo ha kyu – acceleration, buildup to climax
Jodan – upper level, sword above head
Kae waza – substitute or totally different techniques
Kage-Rou – (waza) wave of heat
Kaiten – turning
Kamaeru – posture of defensive/offensive stance or positiion
Kasumi – (waza) “mist”
Kata – offensive and defensive movements
Kata te – one handed
Katate kiri – single hand cutting
Katate uchi – one handed cut
Kesa giri – diagonal downward cut. A kesa is a sash worn diagonally across the chest by Buddhist priest
Kesa – (waza) “robe of monk”
Ki Ken Tai Ichi – spirit, sword, body, one
Kiai – shout, yell
Kiri – cut (kiru: to cut)
. Kesa Kiri – diagonal downward cutting
. Kiri Age – cutting upward diagonal
. Kiri Gaeshi – large diagonal cut, sword finishing in Waki Gamae position
. Kiri Kudashi – finishing cut
. Kiri Otoshi – cutting downward (dropping cut)
. Kiri Sage – lower cutting
. Kiri Te – grip that allows cutting action with blade
. Kiritsuke – the cut using right hand only
. Mak-ko Kiri-Oroshi – cutting downward in centre
. Yu Jo-Dan Kiri-Oroshi – cutting downward from right top
. Sa Jo-Dan Kiri-Oroshi – cutting downward from left top
Kiza – kneeling, but up on the toes
Kuguri – (waza) “pass through under”
Ma-ai – distance, space, interval (in time)
Mak-ko – (waza) frontal assault
Metsuke – gaze, look
Moro te – two hands on tsuka
Morote uchi – two handed cut
Munen – no thought
Mura-Kumo – (waza) “masses of cloud”
Mura-Same – (waza) “passing rain”
Mushin – no mind, no rationalization
Mushin – (waza) empty one’s mind
Noto – replacing the blade in the saya. Hold saya with forth and fifth finger, rest third finger near koiguchi. Thumb and index finger should never move around.
. Conceal Noto: Noto side way to hide from front opponent (tachi sugata noto)
. From Sitting, Half Step Forward Noto: Noto while changing a knee.
. From Stand To Sitting Noto: Noto while sitting.
9. Iaigoshi Noto: Noto while in iai-goshi siting position
. Senuki Batto Noto: Saya meets the sword during Noto
. Sokko Noto: Noto while turning around.
. Tachi Noto: Noto while in standing position.
. Yarisabaki Noto: Wipe off with hand and slowly slide into Saya.
Nukitsuke – simultaneous draw and strike
O-chiburi – large or circular chiburi
Oi-Uchi – (waza) attacking routed enemy
Oi waza – chasing or following strikes, attack as opponent retreats
Oku Iai – (waza) inner (hidden) teachings (Joseki Shihan and upper-rank Shihan training)
Otoshi – dropping
Riai – unification of action and theory
Ryu-Sei – (waza) “falling star”
Sae of swordsmanship – the skill beyond technique only
Sasoi – (waza) “draw attention”
Saya biki – movement of scabbard
Saya no uchi no kachi – saya/scabbard, uchi/inside, kachi/victory. Winning without drawing sword
Sayu-Dome – (kata) stop the left and right
Sei – motionless, inactive
Seigan – natural step, fundamental kamae
Seitei – basic, fundamental. seitei gata, fundamental techniques (kata)
Seiza – kneeling on both calves
Seme – pressure
Seme te – pushing hand; pressing forward with the blade
Semeru – pressing forward
Semeru – push, press
Sen – initiative, to forestall
Sen no waza (sen) – strike faster than opponent, before attack delivered
SeNuki-Battou – (waza) draw sword from back
Sen sen no waza (sen no sen) – strike as opponent commits to an attack but before he moves
Shibori – wringing/twisting the hands inward over the handle on the cut
Shi-Ho-Giri – (waza) cutting four directions
Shinken – (waza) “Real sword (serious sword)”
Shito kokyu – one breath
Shomen – straight ahead
Shomen uchi – strike on front of head
Shu ha ri – keep, break, leave; memorize technique, question and understand, forget technique
Sok-ko – (waza) sideway
Suburi – cutting practice on the air
Sui-Getsu – (waza) “moon on the water”
Sune gakoi – block to protect the leg (shin)
Sure-Chigai – (waza) passing each other
Suri ashi – sliding foot
Tachi-Sugata – (waza) standing posture
Tai sabaki – body motions. Tai body. Sabaki movement
10Taito – putting sword into belt
Tameshi-giri – live cutting practice
Tate noto – standing noto, blade replaced with edge facing up
Ten-Chi – (waza) “heaven and earth” (up and down)
Te no uchi – grip on sword with fingers pulling into palm
Tsuba uke – receive sword attack with a tsuba
Tsuka ate – defensive hit with tsuka to tsuka
Tsuka-Gaeshi – (waza) Return the tsuka
Tsuka Nukitsuke Batto – hit with tsuka while drawing sword.
Tsuka-Otoshi – (waza) drop the tsuka (to stop opponents strike)
Tsuke Tachi – front kamaeru
Tsuki – thrust
Tsuki-Kage – (waza) “moonlight”
Uchi – strike
Uchi Tachi – bring sword to right tip up - kamaeru
Uke-Nagashi – receive an attack on sword and deflect
Ura-Omote – (waza) Rear and front (both)
Waki-Gamae – (waza) aside posture
Waza – technique
Yari-Sabaki – (waza) tackle yari attack
Yoko chiburi – horizontal chiburi, move to the side
Yokomen uchi – strike on side of head
Yukuri – slow
Yuru yaka ni – smooth
Zanshin – awareness, watchfulness, "lingering heart"
REIHO (Etiquette)
Dojo nai no kokoru-mochi – spirit in the dojo:
. Clear the darkness in your mind before entering the do-jo
. Obtain the spirit of willing obedience
. Respect to your sensei and behave respectfully to others
. Neaten the uniform, re-collect your mind and be silent in the do-jo
Hajime – beginning (begin)
Joseki ni rei – bow to the high section of the dojo
Kamiza ni rei – bow to kamiza (gods)
Otagai ni rei – bow to each other
Owari No Saho – finishing etiquette
Rei – bow
Reiho – etiquette, method of bowing
Sempai ni rei – bow to assistant instructor/s
Sensei ni rei – bow to teacher(s)
Shihan ni rei – bow to the master
Shinzen ni rei – bow to shrine
Tachi rei – standing bow
To rei – bowing to sword
11Za rei – kneeling bow
INSTRUCTION OR SPOKEN ETIQUETTE IN DO-JO – Dame – “Not like that, wrong”
Domo arigato gozaimasu – “Thank you very much” (very formal)
Dozo – “Please go ahead”
Hai – “Yes”
Hajime – “Start”
Hayaku – “Quickly”
Heta – “Unskillful, poorly done”
Iie – “No”
Jozu – “Skillful”
Junbitaiso O Hajimemasu – “Begin warm-up”
Katana O Mote – “Get your sword(s)”
Kiritsu – “Stand up”
Kiyotsukete – “Be careful”
Mate – “Wait”
Mokuso – “Close the eyes”: meditation
Owari ma shō – “Let’s finish”
Owari – “Stop what you are doing and pay attention”: next waza (Shihan)
Seiza – “Sit down”
Suburi – “Cutting practice on air”
Sumimasen – “Excuse me” (to attract attention)
Yame – “Stop”; the command to stop immediately
12PART 2
Hokushin Shinoh Ryu Iaido Association of NSW
Written Test – Ko-hai
Name – Date –
1. What does the word Iaido mean?
2. What is the name of the Iaido tradition that you are studying?
3. What is its country of origin?
4. Who is the head of the Australian Association and where is he located?
5. What is a place of training called?
6. What is the title of a teacher?
7. What is the title of head student?
8. What is the terminology for:
- bow to the shrine of your ‘god/s’
- bow to the sword
- bow to the master
- bow to the teacher
- bow to each other
- formal sitting
- stand up
- bend the knees
- begin
- stop what you are doing immediately
9. What is a wooden training sword called?
10. What is a training sword called?
11. What is a live blade called?
12. What does Kiritsuke mean?
13. What does Nukitsuke mean?
1314. What does Chiburi mean?
15. What does Noto mean?
16. What is Ma-Ai?
17. What is Metsuke?
18. Why do we kiai?
19. What are the four points of understanding involved in the term Dojo nai no kokoru-mochi?
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16. What is the name of the wide cloth belt worn with the uniform?
17. What is a uniform called?
18. What are the traditional pants worn for training Iaido?
19. Write the names of the wazas (katas) that you have experienced so far:
20. What is the terminology for energy/life-force/inner power/power of spirit?
21. What is Mushin?
22. What is Zanshin?
23. What is Bushido?
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