IAEA Activities in Support of Decommissioning€™Sullivan.pdf · CLP4Net • Agency wide Learning Management System • Internal users: 26 Sections from 14 Divisions of 5 IAEA Departments

International Workshop on Application of Advanced

Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and

Life Cycle Management Lillehammer, Norway, 3-5 December 2018

IAEA Activities in Support of Decommissioning

Patrick O’Sullivan

Decommissioning Specialist

Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation Section / Division of

Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology / Nuclear Energy Department

Outline of the Presentation

Introduction to the IAEA

Global Status of Decommissioning

IAEA Support Activities for Decommissioning

IAEA Supported Tools

Recent Publications on Decommissioning

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle

Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018 2

Introduction to the IAEA



IAEA Statute : Objectives

The Agency is tasked with accelerating and enlarging the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity

throughout the world.

Established in 1957

169 Member States

~ 2,560 multidisciplinary

professional and support

staff from more than 100

countries

ATOMS FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

© IAEA

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle Management,

Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018 4

Safeguards and

Verification Safety and Security Science and Technology

IAEA: Main areas of work

Disseminate Information and Support Programmes

Networks, Peer Reviews, Technical Cooperation Projects

Gather Best Practices, Support Scientific Development

Publications, Coordinated Research Projects

Peace Development

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning

and Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

5

Sustainable Developments Goals

© IAEA

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life

Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018 6

1.5°C Challenge

≈



IAEA Projections



Global Status of

Decommissioning



Decommissioning Today



Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, Lithuania



NPP Decommissioning Realizations, FRANCE

Creys tunnels cutting Chinon heat exchanger dismantling Chooz SG

decontamination and

shipping in one piece

Creys Charli robot laser cutting

for residual sodium treatment Creys Malville : sodium treatment

Chooz steam generator lifting

Brennilis land remediation

Bugey radiological

characterization

Bugey internal measuring

and inspections

Bugey pumping station dismantling

© IAEA


Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

12

Example of NPP Decommissioning

Realizations, GERMANY Greifswald internal components mechanical cutting Greifswald plasma burner cutting

Greifswald Oxygen lance cutting Greifswald end state - reuse of the turbine hall

© IAEA



José Cabrera NPP

14

Reactor Building

Disassemblies: 100%

Auxiliary Building

Disassemblies:

100%

Electrical

Building

Disassemblies:

100%

Decom.Aux.Build. (EAD)

100% (Other uses)

OTHER AREAS

Source: ENRESA (May 2018)

José Cabrera (Spain): Progress and Achievements

© IAEA

Soils

Decontaminatio

n. General

Progress: 5%

Building

Decontaminatio

n. General

Progress: 70%



NPP Decommissioning Realizations, USA

Fort st Vrain concrete cutting

Maine Yankee end state

Maine Yankee concrete

containment demolition

Connecticut Yankee land remediation

Maine Yankee vessel lifting

© IAEA



NP Reactors (as of 12 October 2018)

452 in operation 398 GW(e) Capacity

55 under construction (2/3 in Asia)



Power Reactors Worldwide : Life Cycle View

450 reactors in operation

166 power reactors permanently shutdown

59 reactors under construction

© IAEA

50%+ > 30 years old Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle


Growing needs of

decommissioning

17

Research reactors & critical

assemblies [RRDB]

Power reactors [PRIS]

Global Status of Nuclear Facilities [Sources: IAEA PRIS; Research Reactor Databases]


Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

In Operation 452

Permanent Shutdown /

Decommissioned 169

621

18

In Operation 226

Temporary / Extended

Shutdown

26

(13 / 13)

Permanent Shutdown / Under

Decommissioning /

Decommissioned

566

(56 / 67 / 443)

818

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50

Age of distribution of Power Reactors

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 to5

6 to10

11 to15

16 to20

21 to25

26 to30

31 to35

36 to40

41 to45

46 to50

51 to55

56 to60

Age of NPP at shutdown

Reasons for NPP Shutdowns [Source: IAEA PRIS Database]

(3)

Ageing

(1) Economy

(2) Approvals

NPP PRIS

(4) Incident

Other

Reactor types

30% PWR 27% GCR 24% BWR 7%

PHWR 5% LWGR

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5

December 2018 19

Decommissioning main phases

DEFUELING

© IAEA 20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

20

20

20

22

20

24

20

26

20

28

20

30

20

32

20

34

20

36

20

38

20

40

20

42

20

44

20

46

20

48

20

50

20

52

20

54

20

56

20

58

20

60

20

62

20

64

20

66

20

68

20

70

20

72

20

74

20

76

20

78

20

80

20

82

20

84

20

86

20

88

20

90

20

92

20

94

20

96

20

98

21

00

21

02

21

04

21

06

21

08

21

10

21

12

21

14

21

16

Number of reactor in decommissioning estimates based on Illustrative scenario

PLANNING DEFUELING TRANSITION AND PREPARATORY WORKS SAFESTORE D&D SITE RELEASE

PLANNING

Decommissioning License Operation

TRANSITION D&D SITE RELEASE

SAFE STORE D&D

Hypothesis of this illustrative simulation

• Shutdown after 50 years assumed unless actual timeframes are known

• Immediate or deferred dismantling strategy applied when known

• Immediate dismantling is assumed when no decommissioning timeframe has been announced



Decommissioning main phases

PLANNING

Decommissioning License Operation

© IAEA 21

TRANSITION D&D SITE RELEASE

SAFE STORE D&D

Hypothesis of this illustrative simulation

• Shutdown after 50 years assumed unless actual timeframes are known

• Immediate or deferred dismantling strategy applied when known

• Immediate dismantling is assumed when no decommissioning timeframe has been announced

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

20

20

20

22

20

24

20

26

20

28

20

30

20

32

20

34

20

36

20

38

20

40

20

42

20

44

20

46

20

48

20

50

20

52

20

54

20

56

20

58

20

60

20

62

20

64

20

66

20

68

20

70

20

72

20

74

20

76

20

78

20

80

20

82

20

84

20

86

20

88

20

90

20

92

20

94

20

96

20

98

21

00

21

02

21

04

21

06

21

08

21

10

21

12

21

14

Staffing for decommissioning - skills distribution Worlwide estimate based on illustrative scenario

Engineering internal OPS internal Project mgm external external

Waste Ops external Maintenance internal Security / ER internal

RP/Chemistry internal Proj. mgm/admin internal Skilled Trades external

Reactor in DecommissioningReactors in

decommissioning

Staffing

Estimate


Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

IAEA Activities to Support

Decommissioning

22 Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle


IAEA Statute

Article 3 Functions

A. The Agency is authorized:

….

3. To foster the exchange of scientific and technical

information on the peaceful uses of atomic energy

4. To encourage the exchange and training of scientists and

experts in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy

Article 8 Exchange of information

A. Each member should make available such information as

would, in the judgement of the member, be helpful to the

Agency

B. ..

C. The agency shall take positive steps to encourage the

exchange among its members of information relating to the

nature and peaceful uses of atomic energy and shall serve

as an intermediary among its members for this purpose.



24

So this is where we started from across

nuclear energy around the world 20 years ago …

Education

Training

HRD

NKM

Because the nuclear organisations needed to start like this …

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and

Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

25

Current Approach to NKM across the Nuclear World

Education

Training

HRD

Plant

Knowledge

Activities

Because the nuclear organisations know what to do,

and understand to add value NKM must be integrated

across people and plant activities

Integrated Knowledge Management Capability


Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018

Decommissioning-Related Training Events in 2018

Training Event Host/Location Date

Workshop on safety assessment of sites for

decommissioning and remediation [INT/9/183] Argonne, US

24 April – 04

May

Regional workshop processes for end state selection and

site release criteria for NPPs [RER/9/150] Slavutych, UA 27-31 August

Regional Workshop on decommissioning planning and cost

estimation for decommissioning [RER/9/150] Bratislava, SK

17-21

September

Regional Workshop on role of IT in knowledge management

for decommissioning [INT/9/183] Halden, NO

05-09

November

Regional Workshop on safety aspects of near surface

disposal of radioactive waste [RER/9/150] Kozloduy, BG

12-16

November

Regional Workshop on technologies for waste

characterization and processing [RER/9/150]

Visaginas,

Lithuania

19-23

November

Regional Workshop on Decommissioning Planning and

Supporting Safety Documentation [INT/9/146]

Dunshanbo,

Tajikistan

01-05 March

2019

26 Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear Decommissioning and Life Cycle





WIKI

Web Portal, Networks and e-Tools

eLearning

For Members: Webinars, Live Streaming, Advanced review of documents,

….



General Introduction and Briefing

What are we talking about ? What are the stakes?

For any

stakeholder

How to put into practice, How to implement

Core curriculum of a one-week or multi-week programme

First

Level

Second

Level

For Practitioners

Web Portal, Networks and e-Tools


Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018 29

IAEA Support: E-learning

for stakeholders and

newcomers to the field

https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/connect-members/LMS/Pages/Welcome-to-

the-learning-materials-section.aspx

IAEA Support: Networks

Web Based Tools to support

information sharing https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/connect/Pages/default.aspx


Launched in 2016 : WIKI

International

Predisposal Network

forum for the sharing

of practical

experience

Networking Nuclear

Education

Community of

Practice

Regulatory

Supervision of

Legacy sites

International Working

Forum

and international developments

on radioactive waste

management activities before

disposal.

© IAEA



E-learning / Briefing Material

For Stakeholders and Professionals

More

languages

than

English



CLP4Net

• Agency wide Learning Management System

• Internal users: 26 Sections from 14 Divisions of 5 IAEA

Departments

• External Users: Regional Education networks and Co-operation

partners

• Over 22,000 registered users

• Very successful product

Target Audience? – MS organizations interested in nuclear capacity building



WIKI

https://idn-wiki.iaea.org/wiki/Main_Page

Contributors

welcome

Users

welcome

English

welcome

Other

Languages

welcome

Workshop on Application of Advanced Plant Information for Nuclear

Decommissioning and Life Cycle Management, Lillehammer, 3-5 December 2018 33




Peer Reviews – ARTEMIS

• Main objectives: to provide independent expert opinion and advice to MS

– IAEA put together a team of international experts

• Intended for facility operators and other implementing organizations, regulators, government agencies, policy makers

• Scope can include facilities and activities related to:

– Spent nuclear fuel and RW management,

– Decommissioning,

– Environmental remediation.

First reviews are already taking place



Recent Technical and Policy Publications



36

References

• IAEA SF-1 Safety Fundamentals (2006)

• IAEA WS-R-2 Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste, Including Decommissioning (2000)

• IAEA WS-R-5 Decommissioning of Facilities Using Radioactive Material (2006)

• IAEA Safety Series Guide WS-G-2.1 Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Reactors and Research Reactors (1999)

• IAEA Safety Series Guide WS-G-2.2 Decommissioning of Medical, Industrial, and Research Facilities (1999)

• IAEA Safety Series Guide WS-G-2.4 Decommissioning of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (2001)

• IAEA RS-G-1.7 Application of Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/publications.asp



37

References

• IAEA WS-G-5.1 – Release of Sites from Regulatory Control on Termination of Practices (2006)

• Safety Reports Series No. 50 Decommissioning Strategies for Facilities Using Radioactive Material (2006)

• IAEA TECDOC-1478 Selection of Decommissioning Strategies: Issues and Factors (2005)

• IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 375, Safe Enclosure of Shutdown Nuclear Installations (1995)

• IAEA TECDOC-1124, On-Site Disposal of Nuclear Facilities as a Decommissioning Strategy (1999)



Thank you!

@IAEANE

www.iaea.org/nuclearenergy

BACKUP SLIDES



Global Nuclear Safety Regime



The Nuclear Safety Regime applied to Radioactive Waste Management

National Policy and Strategy



IAEA Statute

• The IAEA Safety Standards have a status derived

from the IAEA’s Statute, which authorizes the IAEA:

• “To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where

appropriate, in collaboration with the competent

organs of the United Nations and with the specialized

agencies concerned, standards of safety for

protection of health and minimization of danger to life

and property ... and to provide for the application of

these standards”.

In 1958, the IAEA published its first Safety Standard,

Safety Series No. 1, Safe Handling of

Radioisotopes. Over the years, more than 200

publications have been issued in the Safety Series.



Background: Mandate (2)

• IAEA Statute:

– Develop safety

standards

– Provisions for

their application

and guidance on

good practices

Nuclear safety

Radiation Safety

Waste Safety

Transport Safety

Peer reviews

Technical cooperation

Research and development

Training

Exchange of information (networks)



Historical milestones

SS No. 15

Radioactive Waste Disposal into the

Ground

1958 1965 1961 1962



Historical milestones (cont.)

1974

SS No. 15

1988 1996 2006



Hierarchy of Safety Standards

Safety

Fundamentals

Safety Requirements

Safety Guides

Supporting publications

Principles for protecting people and

environment

Requirements to be

applied to meet the

principles

Recommended ways of

meeting the requirements



Hierarchy of Safety Standards



47

Documents

IAEA Activities in Support of Decommissioning€™Sullivan.pdf · CLP4Net • Agency wide Learning Management System • Internal users: 26 Sections from 14 Divisions of 5 IAEA Departments