I('''A 'm,nl,non n'ln~ Alnn

~'~N - ~n nD'0'~'J1N

n"lynD Dn~D~ D'~Dn "0 ~~ 'on'n ~nlnn ,~,~ n~l(~n

nJl~ D'~D "OJ D'y'nlD D'Dl' D'Dn~D 'J D'J'nJD '~I(J

ONDln l~"~ IIn~Nnl'JJynll'lnOJ .DOj1DJD'Jl~ nlDlj1DJ

'~YJ D'Dn~D D'y'gln ,~~D~ (Dylan Thomas 1965 :44 ,62)

.lnlOJ1.D0j1Unn'~I('JnJl~ D')'J'D "0) nnl' 'nJYD lJln

:(2) D9~D) D"npnl (1) D9~D) ~ 'lg'On

(1) In the eaves of the lunatic asylum were birds

who whistled the coming of the spring. (44 'DY)

(2) In the eaves of the lunatic asylum the birds

still whistled. (62 'DY)

\

1.

(were) Nl~Jn ,nN~ (birds) N~1Jn Y'91D (1) 09~D~

.(whistled) Nl~Jn 'Jg~ (the birds) N~1Jn Y'91D (2) 09~D~1

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(3) Alone in the kitchen, among the broken chairs and

china, stood the mouse that had come out of the

hole. (62 I Dy)

(4) And on the clean stones of the kitchen floor the

mouse stood still. (54 IDy)

(N~1J-Nl~J) inN D'~D 'lD~ 09~D lnlN Y'91D Yl1D N'n n~N~n

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:(l'Jyn n,n~n "1~~ 1~YJ lDJJ,n~ D'~pn D"1l'~n) .JJ~n

264

5. All at once the threat of a steep hill disturbed him.

No longer bothered about the adventures of his father,

he stared at the hill swooping up and clung to Dan

and me.

6.?? All at once the threat of a steep hill disturbed him.

He stared at the hill swooping up and clung toDan

and me, no longer bothered about the adventures of his

father.

(5) ~ 'J~n ug~nn) D'Ug~~n 'J~ Dl~'n (6.5) nlNnAl'~

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265

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266

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(n1nnn nnN~lN) nnn~ ~~nJ ,Dg~nn n'~N'~ N~lJnn"~'T19~ '~Yln~

n~glJ nnYDnn .n~'A1n n'~J1DJ'N ,~, ~y DyDln Hln l'N .Dg~nn ~~

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nN ,gn 1J'N Dg~n '~NJ DA .n'~n nn,~ ~~J l'l~ np1~J nl~'~V

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N1n '~N~ ~'~p 'n7~~ D"~ll '1' ~y ~~nn~ Nln ~lJ' n'~~ D"lDn

.n'~n n1~"1 nN ,gn

N1n 1p1nnn ~'J,nn on~ n~NJ Dn 1n~N~ D'lplnnn D'Og~nn n~l~p

nn 1N ,D~y-D~ N1n~ nPN -u ~,~ 9"~ "nl~J ,(~II~) 'Jn~-9"~

Dn'-9n~ npnlJ D~~ 1HJ N'P" '~N (D'Dg~n N'~ln~) ~"~ 1J7N~

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(3) P'9~1 ,'~gln 1J'H 1p,nn Dg~n~ D'~nn 'lD~ nN'H (2) P,g~

l'lN (4) v,g~ .n"~n Hln 1n~~ nl'DnA,gn nl~"ln nN nDJ~ nDJN

1p1nnn Dg~n~ 111H (5) P'9~1 Og~nn nn,~ 11p'nn ~~ n1'~pJl9~

l'l'pgn np'l~~ Y'An~ ~J1J 1Jn ,nN~ P' ~(D1P'9) nnyon D~~

.(6) n'~n n"J~~D9~1:l~ D'~nn 'lD ~~ D'~J"nn

267

;nll'I'ni'nn .N) n'1J.Yil il!ll'il'j71n PJ. nnl11 ilYi

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IN .Nll'J-~I'lJ 1iO ~'Y!lD illlilJ.ij71DD O!ll'Dl NI'1J-Nl"J 1iO

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: D'~'~PDn 21 - 18

18. Going down the street I met Dan.

19. Alone, he stared into darkness.

20. In the room the women come and go.

21. Contentedly he let the chair fall down.

269

18'%

19'%

20'%

21'%

Going down the street a man met Dan.

Alone, (no one 1 stared into darkness.lchildren)

In the room5women 1 come and go.lpeoplej

Contentedlyja ChiJ..d1 let the chair fall down.(somebody j

N'~J~-N~'Jn D"~ n3~ ng~~ n3~nJ n'~A~Nn ng~n 'J 9N

Dn~ l'N~ D'~'~N N'~J' N~'J 1'0 ~y D'~n (2(Subject dominant)

-N~1J 1'03 Dn~ 91'(D'~'3~ 'n~3 "n' (25-22) D'''9~J:ln:'1'3nn 130n

:NHJJ

22%. Into the room Dan come.

23%. Up the road a dog trotted.

24%. In the eaves of the lunatic asylum birds dwelt.

25%. On the wall a picture of Mao Ranges.

22'. Into the room came Dan.

23'. Up the road trotted a dog.

24'. In the eaves of the lunatic asylum dwelt birds which

whisteld the coming of the Spring.

270

22"% Into the room came he.

23"% Up the road trotted it.

24"% In the eaves of the asylum dwelt they.

25. Into the garden ran a golden-haired girl. Into the

garden she ran.

'~A~ D'1~'in ~~ Dn'n,giyn nN Ali~D'1~gNn DJ'N 1'~nnn '~~J

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D;~~n 110 ~y nl'D~A1gnnl~lA~n .3

NlI!1J-NI!IU 110 . 3.1

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271

I!I"X- NI!IU) In the room the womtYl. come and go (27)

(T.S. Eliot) (Y"TPll

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('n'llY .,)

Walking on the tram lines, a neat man held his (29)

banner high and prominetly feared the Lord.

I knew him as Mr. Matthews. (Thomas D.)

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272

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Mao hangs •

Here the birds are. %032

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273

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Up the road trotted the dog. .39

Here dwell the beasts of love. .40

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How did he deliver his speech?

(46) He delivered his speech standing on a platform.

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46% Standing o~ a platform he delivered his speech.

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(50) Up the street trotted the dog.

(51) More significat would be the development of a semantic

theory.

(52) Standing next to me was the president of the company.

(53) On the wall hangs a portrait of Mao.

(54) In the eaves of the lunatic asylum were birds who

whistled the coming of the spring.

(55) In the middle room sat a child who had cut off hisdouble thumb with a scissors.

(56) Where the women were was an avenue of trees.

(57) Here dwell ••• the beasts of love.

(58) Lining the adolescent hill was a white route of stone •••

(59) Where he stood, stood a shadow under the moon.

(60) And with him dwelt a dog, a mouse and a dark woman.

(61) There from the stripped valley rose the smell of death.

(62) From their holes in the flanks of the hill came the ratsand weasels •••

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:D'~')P DJ'N D',nN D"]l'XJDJ'N D'01Pl9 '7Y)

/ I.)nlN l' n9~Jnn nN (l7'9N), ,.1' )nlN ng~Jnn nN (l~'9N), ,.n"1Don ,n~ l' D'~~l")

%(79)

%(80)

%(81)

-XJ1DJ'N nnNn :nln'Tn 'n~ D9~n~ ~, N~1J-Nl~J "0) lJ 'g ~y 9N

.(D9~n) '910 Dlp'n) D'7nn "0 nlJn n'J~nl (,plnnn ')'Nn) n'Jl'

(11:n')'DO'DJ1P N'n n~NJ D'D9~n ~~ n'XpJl9n 'J nN'J

/.Dl"N nT'N )nlN 'nl' nN P' .D'n~Xln D"Tnn nlJ)n 7J~ (82)

n'XJ1D]'N 7~ D'nJln) 11'~ ~, 01Pl9 D~~ 'lp'nn n"Xn'lgOJ'D)

1'1X~ nxxn "A) N'n 'nJ'Jn 11',n .D'~n "0 ~~ D'nJln) '~Nn ,nl'

.nN,,~n

n'~) (ilOnD~7) 'W'O 7~ npXpJlg· .6

Nl~J-N~1J ',O~ ,1p'Oil7~il'XpJ19il6.1

9'YO) nnO'J N'~J-N~'J "0) D9~nn Dlnn) "p'nn ~~ n'Xp]'9n

D"lg'O) 'nJ'Y~ np',)n .n'Tn~ '7Y9n 9"xn nJ'9il7~ D'nJ,n) (4.2)

284

n~ygn~ Y'Jnn~ ,,~nn (Dylan Thomas 1965) o~n,n 1~'1 ~~ D'I~K

~'ygn~ Y'~'Kn ,n'~J .('~'DK'Jn) DOvDn o,nn~ I'v'nn n"yn"gOJ'P

'"g'On 9y,n n,'n~ D~~ ~y,g .Dg~nn nn,~ n~TJ n'y,g,~ ~Y DOvP~

n'n'Tnn n'yn"gJ'~n nK K~'Jn Dg~nn v~n .~'DK'J~ n,'n'Tnn 9Y' 'K

Yv' ,n,n~ I'Y~ .,n,'~ 'n'Tnn o'vn~ ~,n~ .Dg~nn 9'0~ y'g,n~ nD'

.Dg~nn n~nnn~ ,~y,n nY'I'~ n'nlnnn 'K nY'I'J nnJ,nn n'yn"gJ'K 'K

n'Tn 'Dg~nJ O""g'O O'Dg~n n"~, .,n,'~ n'DKnnn n'Y'T,gn K'n~

Dn n'Tn 'Dg~n :(Labov 1972) ~n~~~~'DK'Jn ~~ n"'Knn ~y nJnnon

nK D'"nn, n'K'yn~ n'Y"Knn ~~ '~"gnDn 9y,n ~Y o',n'~n D'D9~D

nJ,yn 'Dg~n lK O""Kn O'Dg~n onn,y~ .1nTn "Y ~Y n11'Onn n~'~yn

n"yn"gOJ'D ."g'on n'Tn~ D'~~nJ OJ'K 1'9'0~ 1~'ln on' nK O'Y'~Dn

.Yj7''D,n n'n' '''yn,'"g'O 'n'Tn ,n,n n'n' g"yn 1~KJ ~yg,n I1v'nn

,gon ,~~ YDv DOvD~ 01'j7(1 v,g~ .6.5 KD1'IJ nly,n~) (83) ~nl'l~

D"'JTnl 1~ D'lYl~ D'I~'n .nlJ"nllnn 1'nlKvng1n ~Yl l'~K ~Y 'l~'ln

1'n1J1'n, nK YD1j7(83) YDj7.1~~~ K1n lK .nv1' K~K 'J'K "~K~ ,~

:'n'Tn '1'9'0 Dg~n~

"All at once the threat of a steep hill disturbed him"

D"YJn nY'DJ "J 11n n,g10nn nY'1n 'YDv l'yn on lJ~ D'lv 1YJn ,,~,

C'D9~D~ n,g10Dn n~'~yn 'D'~J .~'DK'Jn n'Tn (nY'OJn) K'n~ .n'K~n~

.'~"gnD 9Y'~ 0"110D

11

he stared at the hill swooping up and clung to Dan and me",

.'lj7'Dnn"XD'190J'D~ n1'1n c~~n ~J'1nn Dg~n~ 'g,O Inyn Ogln

nn"j7 ,~y,n ~9D D9~D~ y~gln1 nJ~' n'yn1,gJ'K l'yn K,n~ nn ~J 'J

.,n1'n'Tn nK D'~~nn ,~, .nl'n'n 910~ '~1J '"g'on Dg~nn~ lJ

:(C'llv 'J~~ n1KD1"~ D~~1ng"Xn •,n'~J •"lg'On Dg~nn mTn)

285

(83) All at once the threat of a steep hill disturbed him.

No longer bothered about the adventures of his father,

a small, dusty, skullcapped and alpacacoated man stan­

ding and mumbling all day in a shop full of herbs and

curtained holes in the wall, where old men with

backache and young girls in trouble waited for consul­

tations in the half-dark, he stared at the hill swooping

up and clung to Dan and me. (Extraordinary Little

Cough).(54 I1JY)

(83')77 All at once the threat of a steep hill disturbed him.

He stared at the hill swooping up and clung to Dan

and me, no longer bothered about the adventures of

his father, a small, dusty, skullcapped and alpaca­

coated man standing and mumbling all day in a shop

full of herbs and curtained holes in the wall, where

old men with backache and young girls in trouble

waited for consultations in the half dark.

1964 :37) DN1J1n 1'7'1-'7 1Ii1:lnNilm]1J1I ,1n1J iln1p'7 (84) NI1A1:T

.ilJ.ilNilm:Jl1nN O']nn Oil"J lJ.1N11 nNJ. nN n1Nnl11 (Dylan Thomas

0'09"l1il1 YP1 n"~1J119]~N Oil ilJ.ilNilngl1 nN 0~1Nnl1il 0'09~l1il

ilX'10Nl1il n"n1 .n'Tn n"XI1119]'N Oil 0'1'7'n n1'71Y9 nN 0'1Nnl1il

9"Xil no'7J.il 0"'7 n'''YJ 09"l1il 91D'7 liThe children blushedll

286

"For sham.€ of •••" ilj7D1'il'7ilJ.'1'ilfJ"TlYJ. •''71UlDlJil9X1il '7y (ilj7D1'ilil)

: Yj71 n"~D1,gJ'~ '~fJ1JJ il'7nnn'7'1J.Y'il C"1,~nil C'lJgfJDill

(84) Beth Rib and Reuben marked the green sea around the

island. It ran through the land cracks like a boy

through his first caves. "Under the sea they marked

the channels, painted in skeleton, that linked the

first beasts' island with the boggy lands. For shame

of the half-liquid plants sprouting from the bog, the

pendrawn poisons seething in the grass, and the

copulation in the second mud, the children blushed.

(The Map of Love) ••(37 IDY)

'1lg'1'il IJgfJDiln~ 19'il il'ilYIJj7J.l'1n~il IJgfJDJ."Tlj7'D 1"Tyil l~J CA

.D9fJDJ. 'gl1'il lDlj7D C~yD 1nl' 'n'Tn'7 1'n'il9'1~ n~, 'n'Tn nlng'7

n'yj71-n'DDn il'~'T,gJ. Y'91D ''71'9DD 'J.'DN1J 1D,n 1fJNJ lJ'

yj71-n'Tn '1'n' D'19'D,'n'Tn "TDynJ. ily'g'D Yj71 n"~D1,gJ'N'

:1,g1'J.

(84')? Beth Rib and Reuben marked the green sea around the

island. It ran through the landcracks like a boy

through his first caves. Under the sea they marked the

channels, painted in skeleton, that linked the first

beasts' island with the boggy lands. The children blushed,

for shame of the half-Liquid plants sprouting from

the dog, the pen-drawn poisons seething in the grass,

and the copulation in the second mud.

287

(n"~9Nn) n'~pJ'97 n7'7~n 1" 7Y n90'J n'N' N'n (85) NDA"f

.DOpDn D'nn~ n'7Y n'7nn n'7~AD7 DA' "p'Dn n"~D"90J'D 7~

n'~n"9J'Nn' ,D'D9~nn 7~ n~"DNn~ n'J~' n'Dn n'OJ~,n (85) yDp~

,n~ .D9~nn 9'0~ Dp1nnn 'n'Tn 79D D9~n~ n'OnJ In'7Y n'n'Tnn

Dp1Dn Nl~ '~NJ 'n'Tn nl'n7 71J'n (gerundive phrase) On'-91'~

D'9nn~n 1~ D17n 7~ "~ N1n (85) YDpn .(4.1 nN') 09~nn q'o~

nJ'n~ Dn 17N 7J ."nnJn n~Nn"1 "D'~J'Nn, D"~Jyn" "N'n"

D71J 7Y .n,nnJ lN~ D'~D~D, nT YDP~ (n'n'Tn N7) nJ~' n'~n"9J'N

nJ'n~ Dn~ n"~,n Dn7 D"'P TN1 ny'p~n ny~~ D"'1ynn Dn~ ,nNJ

'J~~) "nN~ n'OnJ 1T n'~n"9J'N .(n'n'Tn) n~,n n'~n"9J'N

:790n 09~n~ (n1n97 D'D9~n

(85) He could no longer listen to the speaking of reason.

The pulse of a new heart beat at his side. Contentedly

he let the dream dictate its rhythm. Often he would

rise when the sun dropped down, and, in the l~natic

blackness under the stars, walk on the hill, feeling

the wind finger his hair and at his nostrils.

The rabbits on his towering hill came out in the dark,

and the shadows consoled them for the light of the harsh

sun. The dark woman, too, had risen out of darkness,

pulling down the stars in their hundreds and showing

him a mystery that hung and shone higher in the night

of the sky than all the planets crowding beyond the

curtain~. (The Mouse and the Woman. (46 'ny)

.YDP~ 1"nNn 790n 09~nn nN ,'~yn7 D'OJn 1J"n '7'N 1N

nT n,pn~ '~NJ ,'9107 n1n'7 n~"DNDn nN' D9~nn n'~N'7 ,7~n7

qx, n'n ,n~,n n'Xn',9J'N N'n l'N~D1~D'7'~ n'n'Tn N'n'l'N

n~ln n'Xn',9J'N .n'~n"9J'Nn 'on' n1~~n~n 7~~ n1ng 7'~P "9'on

288

nJ~' n'~n"gJ'~' nn"Tnn niJ~n, n'D~nn n'~'T,g~ n'Jy,n nn'n

'n~J 19'~J nJgnJ nn'n (nJ~') nnn n~YJ ~'~'JD~'i,g n~"D~nJ

:n'Tn~ "J1'

(B5')? He could no longer listen to the speaking of reason.

The pluse of a new heart beat at his side.

Contentedly he let the dream dictate its rhythm.

Often he would rise when the sun dropped down, and,

in the lunatic blackness under the stars, walk on the

hill, feeling the wind finger his hair and at his

nostrils. The rats and the rabbits on his towering

hill came out in the dark, and the shadows consoled

them for the light of the harsh sun. Pulling down

the stars in their hundreds and showing him a mystery

that hung and shone higher, in the night of the sky

than all the plane~s crowding beyond the curtains,

the dark woman, too, had risen out of darknes.

(S5') n~ JnJ~~ (851) ~ (85) l'J n'~'JvJ nJnJnn n~ iin7 'iJ

1"n~n Dg~nJ .nT iAJJ nT lnJn~ '~J'" "~vn' Yvln' n'Tnn~ 19'~J

'1'nJ~'n'Tn ,n,n :yv,n, n'Tnn '1'n'n~ ~J'~~ il~'n n~YJ (8511) J

- 'D~nn ,n,n, .yv' ,n,nJ ~'vJ' 'D~nn inyDJ Dv,n (4.1 nN1) i'JY~J

'~'~J ~'vJ' 'n'Tn iDynJ Dv,n - n'~'JDv'i,gl nJ~' n'~D"gJ'~

:n'Tn ,n,n iPn

85".?? Often he would rise when the sun dropped doun, feeling

the wind finger his hair and at his nostrils. The rats

and the rabbits came out in the da$k, and the shadows

consoled them for the light of the ha~h sun.

289

Pulling down the stars in their hundreds, the dark too, had

risen out of darkness.

11iPIJil n"XIJ1HIDn,,1'J D1I'JIJil1'IJ ilnHCl '7'J.P 1PK (8511) Y"P

YP1 "DI'Jl31 YP1'7 n'Tn "DI'JIJilJDil1 9X1J. D'KnIJ 'n'7J. D1JnJ. il'7YD1il

.n'Tn'7

'1'-~ n'7J.A1IJ K'il .n'1'J91n ilJ'K 11P'IJil n"Xn11DDJ'" 'J ilK1J

.n'l'JJ.ilK'7IJIJK'ill'Jn1'XpJ1Dil '1' '7Y1 n'l'Jil

1I'JKJ P1 n''7AJKJ. '7Y91IJ KI'J1J-K1I'JJ 11DI'J l"X (Gary 1975) '1A

(Baillard 1979) 11"J. ilKXIJ 1'7 ilIJ11J..(n1'D'x'7 1A1JIJ) y'n9IJ KI'J1Jil

il'XpJ1Dil1 '1DX 'n'7J. K1il KI'J1Jil 1I'JKJ KI'J1J-K1I'JJ 111' '7Y91IJ n'nD1XJ.1'J

.n'nI'JA1il K'il i1T~ 111' n'7ygn 71'J

il'71J.nn DA K1il KI'J1J-K1I'JJ 11DJ. 11p'IJ 'J ilK1J il7K D'1'J1IJI'J1XJ.

'7Y91nn'7AJKJ. • (12(Green 1980 DA ilK1) n'I'J'7n11'J1n n1IJn nDJJil'7

Dil D''7Y9il1 1P1IJIJ Dn'il 911X DilJ. D'''9I'JIJJ.ilT ,11X7 KI'J1J-K1I'JJ 111'

(Dylan Thomas 1963) ,DKIJ1n .1-'7 lIil:lilKilngIJII 119DJ. .D":l'''''JT19

D~A'XIJil il'7KJ D'''DI'JIJJ.119Dil n'7'nnJ. ilI'J1nilPD'D '7J il7~nnIJ ,'7I'Jl3'7

:nll'J1n nllJn "DP"'7

86. Here dwell, said Sam Rib, the two backed beasts. (37 Iny)

87. Here, said Sam Rib, digging his finger in the hill of

the island, dwell the first beasts of love. (38 ll3y)

88. Here is the first field, said Beth Rib to Reuben{38 l3Y)

:ilTJ "91'Jl3J.nn9J lIilI'JKil11J.JYilll 119'Dil DA

290

89. In the eaves of the lunatic asylum were birds who

whistled the coming of tre spring. (~4 I13Y)

1j711313 "gfl13l NflU-NlflJ 110 '"Y "gflJ:lilr110~ NflUiI nj7'n1

i1'~'Tlgil 111 n1f11n nlJ:ln nOJJiI~ i1~1lnn n'N1J 1"'~lil~ nJJ:l ~y

D'UgflJ:ll nlJ:ln~ D'Jglil i1~N D"j711j71 D'NfllJ DJJ:lNl .n'n~Tnil

:D'1nN D'Nlil

90. Where the women were was an avenue of tree. And the trees

leant forward •••(45 IJ:lY)

91. In the eaves of the lunatic asylum were birds ••• A madam,

howling lik~ a dog ••• could not disturb them. (44 IJ:lY)

92. •••where she stood stood a shadow under the moon. He took

its hand and they ran together. (49 J:ly)

93 •••• And with him dwelt a dog, a mouse, and a dark woman.

The woman went away and the dog died. (48 IJ:lY)

ilj70'gil nN nnlgil "gflIJiI .(89) 11g'Oil nN nnlgil VgflJ:lilnJ:l1Y~

.n1Jt!J' nlJ:lnil ~J 1J. 'J ~IIJiI iI~1J.nnl flJ:lnflJ:llJ7N 11g'Ol ilJ"nNiI

:N1f1J-Nfl1J N1i1 lJ-DN 110il

(94) In the eaves of the lunatic asylum the birds still

whistled. (62 IJ:lY)

ilfl1n iI'~J:l11gJ'NJ 1JJYil nN ~'~IJiI "gflIJiI lnJ1J:l DA 1J1

Nt!J1J-NlflJ 110 .ilJt!J'iI'~J:l11gJ'NJ 1A'~J:lil l~ iln11 "gflJ:lJ:l(n'on')

:i1j70'g n't!JN1J i1f11n i1'~J:l11gJ'NJ 1JJYil nN ~'~D

291

(95) Alone in the kitchen, among the broken chairs and china,

stood the mouse that had come out of the hole.

"VD79" ~1D~ "JW7 "7~n'19J7~J '~JY" y791n 'W~J ,1nn1Y~

:~1WJ-~W1J ~1n D7~nn liD

(96) And on the clean floor of the kitchen floor the mouse

stood still. (54 ny)

"1'V . ., .,W IIn1~"9n Y1~J. ilD7"Y"1'3n1 9DU n1~I'3A1i l~n"

~WU-~1WJ 'iD~ D7ij71nl'3D71J9WnJ. W1n71' nwwn (Carrol 1865)

:n7w" n1Win n11'3nnDJJn"

(97) Last came a little feeble, si~~~~ng voice. (That's a

Bill, thought Alice). (60 Iny)

(98) First came the soldiers, carrying club_ ••• Next came the

guests ••• Then followed the Knave of Hearts ••• and last

of all this grand procession came THE KING AND QUEEN

OF HEARTS. (106 'l'3y)

,"1'31i191~~ D7WI'3wn ,~W1J-~1WJ 'iDJ. D7ij71nl'3D71J9W1'3,n7'~YJ. DA

rilJ"~n 7i7 "y ,n,n1H nHT ,n7n7Tn n7~7T19J. n1Win n11'3n'1W'W"

.791D D1j7D~ n7Tn" 1nJ79n1 7v1ij7in ~w1in

.lInU1JII (1979 'H~)'HJ. D77n .,W 119DI'3D7inH D7YIJv "WI'3"7nvi~

-~1WJ '1D~ D71j711'31'3D71J9WI'3~IJDvlJ" n1DJJ11'3 n1W1nil n11'3nil11'3n1~'

-:'90il nH nn19il D9WI'3il"wn" 1J .HW1J

ilT '197D "w 1n7W~' ~H n"91j71'3D1Hn 7J~ "w Dil7n1"Y91'3~1'J (99)

• (7 'l'3y) .D1"n~

:"., 171" nun

292

.~y~n~ nn~l"n nln1 n9v1Tn .'~v ~'lnNn .D1Nn9 yn9~l ..•(100)

.1~ll1 3' .n9 n~1Y nnN nn ...n~~NJ~~1V nJ3~ n9~~n n~l3~

.(9 Iny) .Dl~n3 ~nN'v

D~Y'" 'l3y~...D~~~91n D~~ll'~3 nln1 nY~91n n,nDn 'In nn93 (101)

3'v3 '3Y ~n'...nn3~ 1JD3 .n~~D nOl~n ", N~ln D~lnN

.n~n~y nl3~~n ~N~n .D~Jl1yn D~IY~3 vn~J Dn~J~3nl D~90NJn

.(12 Iny) .'9~~ 3,n n~n nT ...l~l3~~ D~J9 Nl~J ~11n~

-Nl~J '1031 Nl~J-N~1J,i03 11V~nn ~~ nl~~VJ19n 1~3 nJn3nn nN

'Nn3~ .N ~~n_D'3vlY ,~~ ~n3 ~J~ nly~nN3 D'''ln~'~9N N~1J

(1976 ~Nn3~) ("n~n~3 nnNl9")

."~'N I ~0~~3 IN I n,,,n3I 3nT '3~n I DN~

.n~n, 1yn~ I nJTln I 3nTn D1Nn9

(21)

(22)

(102 )

.N~1J-Nl~J '10n 1~~ .n~1n nnn nvTh.11.Ylpn lPN "3nT" n 21 n'33

'10n l~~l .DOVD~ Dl1v n,,:nn~nnn '3~ Nln l.1nT"n(22) n~.13

.Nl~J-N~1J

Dlv~n Nln DOVD.1~DNnnn 11"'N~ ,n1~3 n~0'03n n~l3nnn

~nlT .(~,~ "13 .N~lnn lnyn3) '~Y9n ~l'~3 n~1nn n'~n'lgJ~Nn

-'l9J'Nn n'~'l~~ ,nN~ .~910n nnlv~n ~~3 D9~n3 n~n'Tnn n'~'Tl9n

nnn~ 77~ "1.1 n~91n N~n .'n'Tn ~91D lnyn.1DOVD7 n~lnn n~xn

lnT .~Jl ~9 ~y .(Danes 1974) '7'nn 1nyn.1nY'91nl .1vlynD9~nn

ll'vyn ~9 7Y ~Yl9n n'~n'l9J~Nn 'l~'~~ n9~3 ,nl~.1~0~03n 'y~nNn

'10.111v~n .ln7~nn3 l~~n Dlv'nl D9~nn 910.1~1nn Dlv'n ~~

nnnn Nln N~1Jn '~N~ :nnll 191N.1~Yl9n ~01J ~y~nN Nln N~1J-N'~J

~l~'nl 11v'nn n~'~n'l90J'D '1' ~y vnl' Nln n'~~ nOJJlnn n~lnn

1nyn Ol9n~l D9~n3 '910 lnyn7 N~1J-Nl~J '103 Nl~J-N~1J '10

293

nN D~P~ '~J n9~~ n1~1'~n~~n n'Xn'19J'N'1~'~~n1~1~nn

nn'J~ n~1~nnN1n1 ,1nnnnN N1n N~1J-N1~J,~O~ ~1p'n .n'~n

N1n 'DJJ'n1~nD'~nn ,~O n~~ n'~AJN~DA nN'~9nn~,n~1n',~y~

.N1~J-N~n ,~O

D 1 J 1) 6.3

'on' ~Y n,'n~D~~ N1~J-N~1J,~o~ ~1p'n n~YJ n'~n D1nn~

"p'n '~1Y N1n '910 ,IIX~Y'91n YP' ,n1n '~NJ :~'DN,n YP' n'Tn

.D9~nn tpO~ .,N~'911Xn~1J

D'ny~ ~n~n ,'n'Tn~N~1Jn nN 191nn ,N~1J-N1~J,~O~ ~1p'n

~1n'~n ,n"~Y~ DA ~~N ,'P'Y~n'~AJN~ .n'~~n~~n nnn nAxn~ n~1~nnJ

'~NJ n~YJ n'~~ m~~n mnn nOJJnD~~ ,IIX~1p'n~N~n-N1~J ,~O~

n'Xn'19J'NDn Dn~~ D"p1~p~n D'N~1Jn~D1~n D"~'DDJT'9 Dn D'~Y9n

.n'n'Tn

n~Y9n~D'NJn ~'xn~ ~1J' DopDnDA N~N D9~nn P' N~ 'J nN'J

nN ~'~An~D'~1J'n'~~ n'Xn'19J'Nn'on' :~1p'nnn"Xn,190J,D

.(84,83)nn~Y9nnN 1',xn~1N (851) n'Xn'190J'Dn~~ nn1"~9N

nJ'n~nn1J1~n ,n'~AJNn1n"~yn ,n19~n'n~~ N1n y'n9n~nn

.n1'DnA,gn1~"1 1n1N~n1n"xn ,n'A1~19'D

* * *

294

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1* In Ben's picture, a fat woman found a scratch

2.* In Ben's picture, a stranger spent the night.

3.* With the boss, a client has been arguing ~itterly.

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297

Dwn 'l'<1n

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.0)/'7 'JJ''''7 .1\~n"J' N"'J 110 1PJ 1\ .1958 ./1/ ,1711JJ.

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D'~yg'~ .nN'1~ l~'D .n'n'J.n n~N,gn .1976 .11nN .'nJ.~.1'N' nN~,n~ D"ND'D1J.'J1N

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