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7/28/2019 IA (H1N1) - Presentation to Public_CDC Div
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
INFLUENZA A (H1N1)OUTBREAK
Dr. Rosemawati Ariffin
Infectious Disease Surveillance Section
Disease Control DivisionMinistry of Health
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Presentation Road Map
Introduction virus, disease
What is an influenza pandemic?
Influenza A (H1N1)
Actions taken by Ministry of Health
Actions should be taken by public
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Introduction
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Influenza Virus
RNA virusSurface glycoproteins:
H / HA- haemagglutinin
N / NA - Neuraminidase
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Influenza sub-groups
Influenza A
highly infective
infects many species
causes frequent widespread epidemics and pandemics
Influenza B
only found in humans
capable of producing severe disease
cause of regional epidemics
Influenza C causes mild disease
humans are natural hosts but isolates also found in pigs
does not cause epidemics
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Subtypes ofInfluenza A Virus
(Karl G Nicholson, et al Lancet 2003; 362: 1733-45)
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
H10
H12
H13
H14
H15
H11
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
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Influenza Virus - Characteristics
Antigenic drift minor changes in theantigenic composition constantly occurring able to elude host defences
Antigenic shift ability to swap or re-assortgenetic materials and merge resulting in a novel
subtype different from both parent viruses
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Influenza Disease
Seasonal influenza influenza disease inhumans due to influenza virus infection that
circulating for decades in humans (virus changeslightly from year to year)
Avian influenza - caused by influenza viruses
that occur naturally among wild birds, primarily adisease in birds. Sometimes can transmit tohumans
Swine influenza caused by influenza virusesthat naturally among pigs, primarily a disease inpigs. Occasionally can transmit to humans.
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Disease Transmission
Transmission airborne droplets
Incubation period: 1-3 days
Communicability:- day before & up
to 3 5 days after the onset of
symptoms. Longer in children, 7
days or more
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Influenza - Symptoms
Fever, cough, sore throat, headache, prostration,
mylgia, malaise
Clinical presentation
- mild to fatal
- usually fatal in extreme age group
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Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak
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24 April 2009 (report from WHO)
USA reported 7 confirmed cases of human Swine Influenza
A/H1N1, no deaths.
Mexico reported a steady increase in cases since 18 Marchthrough April via ILI surveillance
As 23 April 2009, 882 cases of pneumonia were diagnosedwith 62 deaths from Mexico City, San Luis Potosi & Mexicali.
18 laboratory confirmed cases of Swine Influenza A/H1N1 ofwhich 12 of those genetically identical to Swine InfluenzaA/H1N1 from California
Background
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Influenza A (H1N1)
New strain detected in California(24 April 2009)
Laboratory test showed - mixed genes ofhuman, avian & swine (Influenza virus
A/California/04/2009)
Everyone is at risk due to absence of immunity
Efficient human to human transmission
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Influenza A (H1N1)
Transmission: same as seasonal influenza
Symptoms: same as seasonal influenza, rangefrom mild respiratory symptoms topneumonia.
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Global Situation of Influenza A (H1N1) till 6 May 2009 18.00 GMT (Malaysia time: 0200 7 May 09)
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Pandemic Phases 5 - Description
Is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus
into at least two countries in one WHO region.
Phase 5 since 29 April 2009
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Malaysias Current Situation(16 May 2009)
2 cases of Influenza A H1N1 reported
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Pandemic Influenza
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Pandemic influenza: definition
Pandemic can occur when:
New influenza virus
Able to infect humans
Transmissible from person to person
pandemic influenza : wide geographic
spread of novel influenza virus
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Past Influenza Pandemics
1900
1850
1950
2000
1847
1889
1918
1957
1968
42 yrs
29 yrs
39 yrs
11 yrs
30 40 years cycle
No Pandemic for > 35 years
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Geographic spread: 1918-19
?01/19
03/18
04/18
06/18
05/18
06/18
06/18
?
C.W. Potter, Textbook of Influenza, 1998
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Geographic spread: 1957-58
02/57
04/57
06/57
05/57
06/57
07/57
08/57
06/57
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C.W. Potter, Textbook of Influenza, 1998
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Potential Impact of Pandemic
Livelihood: food & income loss from decreased
economic activity Human health: high illness & potential higher
death rates
Rule of law & governance: increase demand ofgovernance & security
Humanitarian needs: interruption in in publicservices
Economic system: trade & commerce disruption
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Potential impacts on Non Health Sectors
Lack of maintenance
Disrupted supply chain
Etc.
Break down of services
Economic and Social Disruption
Changed Demand
Military (support for logistics,etc.)
Mortuary & burial services
Refuse Collection
Water & Sanitation
Telecommunication (Phone andInternet)
Cleaning Supplies
Cash Withdrawal
Protection against insecurity
Electricity/Power supply
Food Distribution
Emergency Services
Death
Absenteeism
FearCare
Illness
Decreased Supply
Reduced production
Disrupted transportation
International trade of commodit ies
Trans-company dependencies
Decreased Demand
Retail Trade
Transportation
Leisure Travel
Restaurant
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Pandemic Response
9 Antiviral drugs
9 Vaccine, etc
9 Medical care, PPEMedical
interventional
Non- Medical
Interventions
9 Personal hygiene
9 Travel restriction
9 Quarantine
9Social distancing
9 Risk communication
9 Security
9 Food & water supply
9 Power supply
9 Transportation
9 Telecommunication
9 Other essential services
Social Services(keep a society running)
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan
Following outbreak of avian influenza H5N1
outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997, influenza
pandemic preparedness plan was produced byWHO
In 2003, WHO asked all countries to prepare
pandemic preparedness plan following Avianinfluenza H5N1 outbreaks involved many
countries in Asia, Europe & Africa (since end
2003 till now)
Since then almost all countries worldwide have
prepare preparedness plan
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Prevention & ControlMeasures Taken byMinistry of Health
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
National Influenza Pandemic
Preparedness Plan (NIPPP)
Preparation started in 2003
Prepared by National Influenza
Pandemic Planning Committee
multidisciplinary, inter-
agencies/departmental and experts.
Launched on 9 Jan. 2006 by Minister
of Health
Documents available in website
http://www.dph.gov.my/survelans
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
NIPPP Strategies
Organizational Response
3 main committees
Public Health Response
Medical Response
Laboratory Response
Risk Communication
Social Response
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions Taken by Ministry of Health
Activate Operations Room for monitoring of
Influenza A (H1N1) situation & to ensure all
proactive prevention & control measures be
carried out
Enhance ILI/pneumonia surveillance at all levels of
health facil ities
Conduct screening on arrival at International Ports
of Entry temperature check, health declarationand health alert card
Health advise to public & travellers via website, TV,
radio and telephone (CPRC)
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions Taken by Ministry of Health
Designated hospitals on alert & ready to receive
suspected cases Antiviral stockpile storage sites alerted for rapid
distribution of antivirals when needed
Viral laboratory at IMR on alert and ready to
receive clinical specimens from suspected cases
Development guidelines
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions Taken by Ministry of Health
Risk Communication
- Health education materials;
hand & good personal hygiene
cough etiquette
current facts regarding the disease & pandemic
travel advisories other FAQs
advice to persons with symptoms of disease
advice to healthcare personnel involved in prevention &control activities
- Daily press statement
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions Taken by Ministry of Health
Collaborate with WHO for monitoring &
surveillance of the outbreaks
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions by Public
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions by Public
Follow travel advisory
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions by Public
Practice cough etiquette
Hand hygiene wash hands with clean
water & soap esp. after cough
Do not attend gathering if you are having
symptoms
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Actions by Industry
Follow preparedness plan
prepared by your company Use Recommendations on
Influenza Pandemic
Preparedness for Industry inMalaysia as a guide.
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Ministry of Health Malaysia
Current situation/information & updates,refer to;
Website:
- www.moh.gov.my
www.myhealth.gov.my
www.infosihat.gov.my
Hotlines:- 03-888810200/300
http://www.moh.gov.my/http://www.myhealth.gov.my/http://www.myhealth.gov.my/http://www.myhealth.gov.my/http://www.myhealth.gov.my/http://www.moh.gov.my/7/28/2019 IA (H1N1) - Presentation to Public_CDC Div
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THANK
YOU