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Today: Alternative Interfaces
Hardware– Small mobile computers– Sensor networks– Tangible interfaces
Software / Systems– Ubiquitous computing– Context-aware computing– Augmented Reality
PDAs are everywhere!This is new … the first few attempts failedGary Trudeau lambasted the failed (ahead-of-its-time) Apple Newton (introduced 1993; Palm introduced 1996)
Bergman & Haitani Reading
What assumptions did the Pilot designers change?What went right with the Pilot?What can we currently not do well on PDAs?
Innovative PDA-based Interfaces
Ping Yee’s Peephole displays• http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/~ping/peep/
Baudisch and Rosenholtz, Halo: A Technique for Visualizing Off-Screen Locations– http://
www.patrickbaudisch.com/projects/halo/index.html
Datelens Fisheye Calendar– http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens/
Ubiquitous ComputingWhat are the main ideas in Weiser’s 1991 paper?– The disappearance of technology
• The opposite of virtual reality• More humanizing, more human interaction• More “natural” interaction, less fiddling
– Wireless, interconnected devices• Constant, but unobtrusive, availability• A range of different sizes
– Context-aware behavior• Privacy considerations must be addressed – but no solutions proposed• This work really started several years before 1991. After more than a
decade, we are not much closer to dealing with the privacy issues but at least now there is a lot of interest in the topic.
“Context-Aware” Computing
Related to Ubicomp and Mobile ComputingTakes your current environment into account in making decisions– Turns off cell phone when you enter the lecture hall.– When you ask where to go for a meal, notes that it is morning
and you are in Taipei before making a recommendation.– Knows who wrote on the whiteboard so a copy of the ink can
be emailed to the author.– Plays music you like when you enter an empty elevator.– Notifies your doctor when your heart rate goes too high.
“Context-Aware” Computing
Makes use of different kinds of information– Geographic– Temporal– Social … ?
Slide from lecture by Prasun Dewan
Location-Aware ComputingMotivation– location-based action
• nearby local printer, doctor• nearby remote phone• directions/maps
– location-based information• real
– person’s location– history/sales/events
• virtual– walkthrough– story of city
• augmented– touring machine
Slide from lecture by Prasun Dewan
Wearable Pose-Aware Computers
Computers on body– track body relative movements
• monitor person• train person
Alternative Realities
Virtual Reality creates a completely computer-generated environment.Augmented Reality uses an existing, real-life environment, and adds computer-generated information (virtual objects) thereto. Diminished Reality filters the environment: it alters real objects, replaces them with virtual ones, or renders them imperceptible.Mediated Reality combines Augmented and Diminished Reality. – Definitions by Steve “Cyberman” Mann
Slide from lecture by Prasun Dewan
“Augmented Reality”
Operations based on locations and orientations of users and devicesCool app: – Point a camera at a sign –
see its translation on the screen.
Slide from lecture by Anind Dey
Why Tangible Interfaces?
Lose something when we use a non-tactile, non-material interface
Tradeoffs between human touch and subtlety of expression vs. search for efficiency
Tangibility / physicality: humans reach for, children experience the world through
Some examples, not all leading to experiences, but meant as inspiration and fodder
Tangible Interfaces
Merge physical with computationalAlso called Phidgets – Physical Widgets– http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/grouplab/
phidgets/gallery/gallery.html
Getting closer to real applications
Slide from lecture by Jason Hong
Tradeoffs of Physical versus Digital
Bits– represent all symbols– extremely flexible– quick to disseminate– cheap to reproduce– computational power
Physical– direct manipulation– persistent– collaborative– affordances– multimodal
• Bits + Physical => Tangibles?– can we get the best of both worlds? – good physical representations of abstractions?