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REPUBLIC OF RWANDA
Government of Rwanda&
UNDP - Rwanda
i
Programrne Title:
UNDP Result Area:
UNDAP Outcome:
Expected Outputs:
United Nations Development Programme
Country: RWANDA
Program Document
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Protection for Pro-poor GreenGrowth Programme
Result Ared 1: lnclusive economic transformation
Outcome 3: Rwanda has in place improved systems for: sUstainable
management of the environment, natural resources and renewableenergy resources, ene rgy access and energy securrty.
o Selected degraded and fragile ecosystems rehabilitated andp rote cte d;
Livelihoods of vulnerable households diversified;
Knowledge management on ecosystem rehabilitation and protectionestablished;
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
nwanaa invironment Mjnagement nuthority tirMAl
Development Partner:
lmplementing Partnert
Agreed by Government (MINECOFIN):
Hon. Claver GATETE (Minister of Finance a
Agreed by (lmplementing
Hon. Stanislas KAMANZI, Minister of Natural Resources
AsreedbyUNDP, 'ki * );,"- ffi #*"" [,,^.,r\L/r:
, J"'L,V" *UMr. Lamin M. Manndr, UN Resident Coordinator & UNDP
ra,
$,
Brief DescriptionThis five year programme provides assistance to the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA)
towards achieving its statutory mandate of identifying and fragile ecosystems. The programme is also aligned tothe second phase of the MDG-linked Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS ll), theGreen Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy, Vision zozo and commitments to the Convention onBiodiversity.
The support will build on the successes of two successful UNDP programmes: DEMP ll (which supporteddecentralisation as a vehicle for sustainable growth and poverty reduction) and the PEI (which enhanced thecontribution of sound environmental management to poverty reduction, sustainable economic Arowth andachievement of the MDGs).
The programme will support innovative approaches to restore and conserve fragile island and wetlandecosystems, promote the sustainable management of natural resources and support livelihood diversification toenhance household incomes and reduce the number of people dependent on subsistence agriculture.Knowledge management component of the programme will track progress, assess impacts and capture anddisseminate lessons learned to improve the approach, establish good practice and facilitate up-scalingecosystem rehabilitation and protection for pro-poor green growth.The program will be implemented under the National Execution modality, with a total budget of US$5,4o3,ooofinanced by UNDP (USs 5 million) with an in kind contribution of USs 4o3,ooo from the Government of Rwanda.
Programme Period: 5 yearsStart date: January zot4End Date: June 2o1B
PAC Meeting Date 05 NovemberMa nagement Nationa I $
Arrangements: lmplementat$o
stimated Budget: USs5,4o3,oooed Resources:
k35o ooo (UNDP)
,ooo (ONE UN -to be mobilised)ibution: USs4o3.ooo (GoR)
TneLE oF CoNTENTS
Page I 3
1. SITuATIOTv AruALYSIS
Rwanda achieved a sustained high economic growth of 8.2 percent over the completed first phase ofEDPRS zoo9-zo:-z, lifted a million people out of poverty, and improved human development, genderequality and other MDG-linked goals. The Government of Rwanda has in the last five years made
significant progress towards sustainable management of the environment and natural resources as well.Policies were put in place including Rwanda's the Forest Policy (zotz), the National Land Policy (zoo4), theMining Policy (zoro) and the National Policy and Strategy on Energy. Policy instruments adopted include
the zor3-zor8 Environment and Natural Resources Sector (ENR) sector strategic plan and the Green
Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (zorr).
However, the poverty rate in the country at 45percent in zorzlr3 and inequality as measured by the Gini
co-efficient of income inequality at o.49 in zoro/rr as well as unemployment especially among the youthstill remain high. Biomass fuel dependency for domestic requirements, reliance on rain-fed subsistence
agriculture, high population density living in unplanned settlements maintain serious pressure on thecountry's natural resources mainly characterized by deforestation and the degradation of land and waterresources. Over time human development has encroached into fragile ecosystems including wetlands,lakes and islands.
Climate change impacts are adding to the anthropogenic stresses on natural ecosystems. The
temperature has increased by r.4oC since r97o and an increasingly unpredictable temporal rainfall patternis observed throughout Rwanda (periods of intense rainfall as well as longer periods of drought) thatadversely affects food production and water security (for drinking water supplies, irrigation and hydro-power generation'). By zo5o rainfall could increase by zopercent (on r97o levels). ln the mountainousareas of the country, over-cultivation combined with an increasing trend in rainfall intensity has given rise
to high levels of run-off, erosion, landslides and flooding during the intense rainfall events that have
become more prevalent inthe lastdecade.ln otherpartsof the country, particularlythe Eastern province,
droughts have become more frequent impacting on agricultural production and food security. Thepotential economic costs of climate change in Rwanda are estimated to be around lpercent of GDP per
annum'.
The Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) as the statutory authority responsible for theimplementing environmental policy and legislation has the mandate under Articles 5z and 53 of OrganicLaw N" o4lzoo5 of oSlo4lzoo5 determining the modalities of protection, conservation and promotion ofenvironment in Rwanda, to identifli reserved areas for protection, conservation or rehabilitation ofecosystems; forests, woodlands, species of biodiversity and protected zones; monuments, historical sites
and landscapes; water systems and its quality; as well as banks and shores, rivers, streams, lakes, plains,
valleys and wetlands.
Key achievements with regard to ecosystem rehabilitation and protection of the over the last 5 years ofEDPRS I implementation were possible with the support of UNDP in the collaborative framework of thesecond phase of the Decentralization and Environment Management Project (DEMP) Phase ll that run
from zooS to zor3. Key achievements included the following:
Successful resettlement of over r,zoo family dwellings from the dangerously steep slopes ofMount Rubavu, Western Province into a safe umudugudu of Karukogo within the neighbourhoodincluding construction of 35 houses for poor families with rainwater harvesting installations;
1 More than half of Rwanda's electricity supply derives from hydropower2 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), 2009. Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda.
Rehabilitated rookm' of slopes of Mount Rubavu with kikuyu and paspalum grasses and varioustree species including bamboo;
Created loo,ooo temporary green jobs for poor women and men (t.3.4o/o women and 56.6% men)Watersheds, Iake shores and river banks protected including:
o Protection of Muhazi lakeshores (g3.Bo/o of target achieved);
o Mugesera lakeshores (45V0 of target achieved);
o Rehabilitation of Lake Kivu watersheds (rro % of target achieved)
o Lake Kivu tributaries (2660/o of target achieved)
Promoted adequate sustained capacity for effective environmental governance and decentralizedservice delivery;
Serious challenges remain with respect to ecosystem health requirements including the following:
lncreased pressure on renewable and non-renewable natural resources by high population growthand unsustainable agricultural practices;
Deforestation and loss of biodiversity;
High vulnerability to climate change;
Development of strategic enabling tools (notably economic tools and approaches) for pro-poorenvironmentally sustainable use of natural resources in order to achieve economic transformationis still weak;
lnsufficient mainstreaming of poverty and environment objectives and climate change intodifferent sectoral and local policies;
Weak monitoring and evaluation systems;
Limited inter and intra sector coordination;
Going forward in pursuing its ecosystem rehabilitation and protection mandate in the EDPRS llframework, REMA has prioritized island and wetland ecosystems as needing urgent and critical attention.
a) ISLAND EcosYsrEMs
Rwanda has a dense hydrological network with ror lakes and 86o wetlands, covering around r6percent ofthe country's land area. The largest of the lakes is Lake Kivu which extends along Rwanda's western borderto the west of the Congo-Nile Ridge and whose waters are shared with the Democratic Republic of theCongo. gopercent of Rwandan waters drain into the Nile basin to the East of the Congo-Nile Ridgethrough two main rivers, Nyabarongo and Akagera. The Nyabarongo River is joined by the Akanyaru Rivernear the City of Kigali to become the Akagera, a main tributary of Lake Victoria. The Nile basin has manysmall lakes (including Burera, Ruhondo, Cyohoha South, Mugesera, Muhazi, Rwampanga, Mihindi andMirayi).
Within these lake ecosystems, there are numerous islands that are significant repositories of biologicaldiversity and natural beauty. Although many of the islands have a history of human habitation, populationpressure (from the natural growth rate and the influx of displaced people after the 1994 Genocide againstthe Tutsi) has led to an expansion in agriculture, cattle rearing and firewood colleciion resulting in anoverexploitation of natural resources and destruction of important island habitats.
Moreover, in recent years a number of poorly planned settlement and tourist developments on the islandshave caused environmental degradation. Across Rwanda, there have been 782 residential and touristresort developments on various islands as recorded in the following Districts: 49 in Nyamasheke, q3 in
Page | 5
Burera, r5z in Musanze and 4rr in Bugeseral. These developments have involved the clearance ofvegetation, dredging and filling, canalization, gravel extraction, and sand and coral rock mining associatedwith the construction of tourist resorts, hotels and other businesses. These activities have impacted on theislands' upland watersheds, freshwater wetlands, beaches, shorelines and lake grass beds. Many of thesenew developments lack proper waste management facilities resulting in the discharge of wastewaterdirectly to streams, canals or directly to the lakes contaminating surface waters and increasingeutrophication.
Recent inventories of island biodiversity in Lake Kivu conducted in zoro and zorz revealed that someislands still contain rich plant and animal diversity, with some endemic species but that island biodiversityis severely threatened by humdn development. ln some islands invasive species have replaced much of thenatural vegetation4. Table r shows some of the islands affected by environmental degradation.
Table r: List of islands affected by environmental degradation (Source: REMA, zor3).
District
Burera
Sub tota I
Musanze
Sub totalNyamashekeTotal
Name of Sector
isla nd
Bushonga Ruga ra ma
Cyusa Ruga ra ma
Birwa Kinoni
M u na n ira Kinya ba ba
Bihosho Kinyababa
Mwegerera Gashaki
MukiraRuvumu
Buhesha
Kampyisi
Mushusho Kirimbi
Cel I
Rurem bo
RuremboN ken ke
Kaga nda
Kaga nda
Kiga biro
ln ha bited
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Number ofhousehol ds
7t
76
zG
L73
8o
5o22
L52
49
374
Size ofpopu lation
336
43o^
115
88r
66s
r546Nya rusa nge Yes
Without adequate protection, it is likely that the natural heritage and the eco-tourism potential associatedwith these islands will soon disappear. Since zoo8, habitants from several islandss have been graduallyresettled on the mainland but, due to a scarcity of land, have continued to cultivate and/or graze theiranimals on the islands. A longer-term solution is needed to conserve the biodiversity and the richlandscapes while at the same time ensuring that the island inhabitants have sustainable livelihoodopportunities that don't involve further degradation of island habitats. Any intervention must deliversignificant benefits to both island communities and the mainland communities where they are resettled atthe same time as protecting the islands.
3 REMA, 2OT3
4 REMA,2010 and2072
5 Mbabara, Mukondwe, Nyanamo, Karinga, Mapfundugu, Shegesha and Karugaruka Islands
Page | 6
i
b) Werlnruo EcosysrEMs
Wetlands comprise around rrpercent of Rwanda's land mass (86o wetlands, covering a total surface of z7B
536 ha)6and are the most physically and chemically heterogeneous of all aquatic ecosystems in Rwanda.These wetlands are highly productiveTand play an important role in regulating and purifying waterflows(removing sediments, nutrients, toxic substances and other pollutants in surface run-off), controllingsedimentation of downstream watercourses, ground water recharge, biodiversity, nutrient re-cycling andspawning grounds for many fish species as well as breeding environment for birds including criticallythreatened migratory birds. As carbon reservoirs, wetlands also help to stabilise the climate and attenuateclimate changes.
ln Rwanda, the critical role of wetlands in ensuring the effective functioning of Rwanda's hydrologicalnetwork is important for agricultural production, hydro-power production and domestic water supply (as
wetlands facilitate the regulated movement of large volumes of water into the underground aquifers,thereby recharging the water table). ln Rwanda, the majority of wetlands are essentially seasonal with thewater table being near or above the lowest ground surface during the wet season and do not generallyhave large flood plains (generally less than zoom wide)e.
Rwandan wetlands host a wide variety of flora and fauna including many migratory birds and other speciesprotected by CITES'.. Wetlands also supply a source of wildlife, fish, wood and several non-timberproducts that are widely used by local communities and wetland soils can provide fertile conditions foragricultural production when properly used. They can also provide recreational and tourism (bird-watching, game viewing and sport fishing) benefits due to the variety of wildlife found in these areaslx.
As rainfall has become more unpredictable, many farmers have begun to cultivate crops such assugarcane, rice, flowers, and sweet potatoes in wetlands where the water supply is more reliable.Approximately 3opercent (9o,ooo ha) of Rwanda's wetlands area is already being used for agriculture".This has created many adverse effects including: reduced water flow downstream, declining fishproduction, a loss of biodiversity and genetic resources (including rare species) due to habitat destruction,pollution from the use of fertilisers and pesticides and a reduced capacity of these systems tomoderate/attenuate climate change. This has created significant bio-security concerns over Rwanda'sability to meet its national obligations under international conventions related to biodiversityconservation.
Climate change is expected to compound anthropogenic stresses on wetlands. lncreasing variability inprecipitation (anticipated from climate change'3) and increased droughts will exacerbate the pressure onwetlands for agricultural production further reducing the ability of wetlands to ability to filter, hold andregulate water flow (especially during extreme climatic events which are becoming more frequent) leadingto adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems as well as economic and human losses.
Aside from unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change, wetlands are also threatened bypollution (from agriculture, sewage and industry), reclamation (for settlements and road construction),invasive species, hunting, uncontrolled fishing, the collection of certain plant species and the excavation of
6 The most recent inventory ofwetlands was conducted by REMA in 2008 through the Integrated Management ofCritical Ecosystems (lMCEl project funded byGEF and World Bank.
7 Wetlands are known to be the world's most productive ecosystems
8 Atlas of Implications for Climate Change Resilience 20119 Chemonics lnternational lnc. 2003
10 State ofthe Environment Report 2006
11 REMA 2008, lnventory ofwetlands by the Integrated Management ofCritical Ecosystems 0MCE) project funded by GEF and World Bank.12 MINIRENA 2O08
13 Second National Communication to IPCCC,2012.
Page | 7
clay, sand and peat'4. Drains and channels have also been constructed to divert or to increase the flow ofwater out of wetlands lowering the water table drying out of the wetlands leading to a loss of biodiversity.Although 20 meter buffer zones have been established around some wetlands and agro-forestry specieshave been planted, some farmers continue to cultivate crops in these zones.
With increasing population growth important trade-offs between food security and wetlands sustainableuse and conservation are necessary's. This will require careful balancing of increasing water demand fromadjacent communities with conservation and management goals to ensure water security for downstreamuses and to maintain biodiversity. Ultimately it is vital that the productive and regulatory functions ofwetlands are not compromised. Part of this will include building capacity for wetlands management at alllevels to increase institutional sustainability, ownership, user rights and access.
This programme is builds on the successful work of DEMP ll in a continued partnership with UNDp underthe title "Supporting ecosystem rehabilitation for pro-poor green growth".
14 Clay is used for making brick and tiles for building. Peat is used as fuel in prisons, industries and schools as an alternative energy source to wood.15 REMA (2011J Guidelines for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Environment and Natural Resources Sector
Page I B
SrnnrEGY
I
a) BacKGRoUND
The program will contribute to Result r: lnclusive Economic Transformation the UnitedNations Development Assistance Plan (UNDAP) and its Outcome 3 of aimed at improvedsystems for sustainable management of the environment, natural resources and renewableenergy resources, energy access and energy security.
The approach will include a geo-referenced assessment of the ecological status of theBugarama wetland to be used as baseline for the preparation of a rehabilitation plan. Therehabilitation and improved management of the Bugarama wetland will be achievedthrough a community-based watershed management approach. The aim is to (i) restore theecological functions and values; (ii) conserve biodiversity in both natural and modifiedenvironments; and (iii) promote sustainable agriculture to minimise negative on and off-siteimpact. This will also require effective water demand management and use efficiency, withcareful balancing of the need to (a) protect the ecological functions of the wetland so that itcan effectively regulate flows in the watershed with (b) the needs of the poor for water tosustain livelihoods.
A baseline biophysical and socio-economic inventory of the islands in Lakes Ruhondo,Burera and Rweru will be conducted to also to inform respective re-settlement andrehabilitation plans. lmplementation of island rehabilitation plans will involve an integratedsustainable food, water and energy resettlements.
The livelihood support function will promote market-oriented, enterprise development topromote diversification out of subsistence agriculture and promote pro-poor, green growth.The support will be delivered through self-help groups and co-operatives and vocationaltraining to develop skills. Green jobs and training will be stimulated for the pooresthouseholds through public works schemes associated within wetland restoration activities.
A knowledge management strategy will also be developed and implemented to promotesharing and learning as well as to build community knowledge and capacity. Regularbriefing notes will inform policy makers and cross visits between communities will promotethe spread ofgood practice.
Four sites are proposed for pilot interventions: Burera and Ruhondo lakes (located in theNorthern districts of Burera and Musanze respectively); Lake Rweru in Bugesera district inthe Eastern Province and the Bugarama wetland in Rusizi District in the extreme south westof the country.
Lake Burera (SSoo ha) and Ruhondo (z8oo ha) are high altitude, acidic, deep lakes whichcomprise part of the Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo wetland complex designated by Ramsar as a
wetland of international importance in December zoo5'5. There are around 48 species ofphytoplankton from 4 families (chlorophyceous, Cyanophyceous, pyraphytes and
16 Atlas
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 1 of 50
I
bacillariophyceous)'7. There are 16 islands scattered throughout these two lakes (see Tablesz and 3). Eight of these are uninhabited while there are 322 families living on the remainingeight islands. All of the households are categorised as poor (either category ror 2 of theubedhe poverty ranking system).
Tabfe z: Villages located in and around Burera (Source: REMA, zotzl.
Table 3: Villages located in and around Ruhondo (Source: REMA, zotzl.
Mweoerera 1,L Gasha k 66M ukire 2? Gasha k 77Ruvumu 2 Gasha k LKamovisi L, Gasha k ?B u he nesha t Gasha k 2Nvaoisozi 1 Gashak oKimoaka 1, Gasha k oKaoevo L Gasha k oCva badende ? Gasha k oKa badende a Gashak oNvira bao isha L Re rne ra oTotal 1q2
ln early zorz, MINIRENA commissioned a team to categorise the islands in selected waterbodies around Rwanda in order to enable land registration. The subsequent REMA reportrecommended that all 16 islands in Burera and Ruhondu Lakes should be registered as
public lands and that the resident population should be resettled on the mainland'8. Therecommendation is made on the basis of increasing threats from climate change (rising
water levels and extreme weather events), poor living conditions and low potential forsocio-economic development on the islands as well as the protection and conservation ofthe environment under the Organic law N" o4lzoo5 (article nos. 52, 53, 85, 85 and 87). Themapping of these islands revealed that the 5o m buffer zone (required on lakeshores)extends over most of the surface area of the islands.
Bugesera district is in the Eastern province but is located due south of Kigali and borderswith Burundi. The Nyabarongo River flows through district and is a source of flooding in therainy season'e. Lake Rweru in Bugesera is an important habitat for protected speciesincluding hippopotamuses, crocodiles, varans (sand crocodiles), snakes and a variety ofmigratory birds (including species on the IUCN list of protected the endangered species)and can be considered as an ecosystem of international importance under the RamsarConvention.
17 Environmental profile of Rwanda,2006
18 REMA 2012, Rwanda islands brief report
19 MIDIMIAR,2012
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2A18: Page 2 of 50
Ruoarama
B ihosh KinvababaTotal
The lake is relatively shallow (f-Sm)with high turbidity and high phosphorous and organiccontent which results in phytoplankton that is very rich in biodiversity and flora that is
mainly dominated by papyrus with Cyperus papyrus mixed with Miscandium violaceum andNymphea nouchallif'. The lake is associated with gallery forests onshore or on small islandsand is considered to have high potential fortourism.
The Lake has two islands, Mazane and Sharita, which are located in the permanent freshwater marshes constituting the Rweru-Mugesera wetland complex. Mazane is actually an
archipelago of 3 islands. There are 4o3 very poor (falling into either category r or z of theubedehe categories) households living on the islands. A recent REMA report highlighted thepoor living conditions on the island (waterborne diseases, inadequate access to cleandrinking water, a shortage of land and inherent difficulties in installing proper sanitation)and recommended resettlement of the entire population (4o3 households) currently livingon the two islands.
The Bugarama wetland in Rusizi district in the southwest corner of Rwanda is an importantagricultural resource as it provides perfect conditions for the cultivation of wild varieties ofrice. The wetland is located in the Bugarama depression in the lmbo agro-climatic zone, at arelatively low altitude (<rooom). The soils are mineralised vertisols and vegetation found in
the wetland includes: Typha and Pragmites mauritianum2T. There are five villages with a
totalof r95 housheolds located in and around the wetlands as shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Villages located in and around Bugarama wetland in Ruzizi district (Source:REMA, zorz).
ln Rusizi district 53percent of the population is poor (including 2Tpercent which areextreme-poor) and around T8percent of the population is engaged in agriculture. The meansize of land cultivated is o.57 ha and 5zpercent cultivate less than o.3 ha. zSpercent ofhouseholds in Rusizi are headed by women and a further 5percent are de facto womenheaded households".
The wetland is threatened by human activities (due to the growing population) includingencroachment for settlement and cultivation (due to the scarcity of land), extensivedrainage or irrigation, poaching, overfishing, soil excavation etc. These human activitieshave contributed to lower volumes of water flowing out from the wetland, lower groundwater yields and disruption of the ecological services provided by wetland, habitatdestruction and loss of biodiversity, invasive species (e.9. Water hyacinth) and
20 Environmental profile of Rwanda,2006
21 REMA 2009,State of the Environment Report
22 Etcv 3,2a1L
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 3 of 50
Bugarama
G iku ndamvura
GitambiM uga nza
B uta re
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deforestation. The continued degradation of the wetland is likelyto result in a further lossof biodiversity, disruptions in water supply as well as adverse economic and livelihoodimpacts on poor local communities dependent on wetland resources for food andlivelihood.
The proposed interventions are targeted at poor (category r and z) island and wetlandcommunities living in or adjacent to fragile ecosystems. However, the benefits of theecosystem management and restoration activities will accrue to a wider population livingaround the target areas due to a restoration of ecosystem services and a growth in eco-tourism. The livelihood interventions will target 92o poor households dependent of rain-fedagriculture living on and around the islands and wetlands and an additional 4ooo poorhouseholds living on the adjacent mainland in Musanze, Burere and Bugesera and areasaround the Bugarama wetland in Ruzizi. The effect of this pro-poor, green growth will be tobuild resilience to climate change and reduce the reliance on social support programmesenabling the graduation of households from extreme poverty in line with EDpRS llobjectives.
b) PRoGRAMMEOurpurs
The programme for Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Protection for pro-poorGreen Growth will deliver three outputs for the achievement of UNDAp Outcome 3:Rwanda has in place improved systems for: sustainable management of the environment,natural resources and renewable energy resources, energy access and energy security.Outcome 3 contributes to EDPRS ll Priority 5 under the Economic Transformation thematicarea:
Output r: Selected degraded and fragile ecosystems rehabilitated and protected
Activity r.r:
lndicator 1.1:
ldentify sites and develop plans for restoration and protection through am u lti-sta ke holde r a pproach
Number of restoration and protection plans developed andsupported by communities.
Actions:
o lntegration of SEAIESA in relocation, resettlement, restoration and protectionplans for fragile and degraded ecosystems;
o Training of key stakeholders on conservation, restoration and managementtechniques;
o Awareness raising, advocacy and community mobilisation;o Consultation with key stakeholders to (communities, implementation partners,
local decision makers, experts etc.) on relocation, resettlement, restoration andprotection plans;
o Selection of options for relocation, resettlement, rehabilitation and protection.
Activity r.z: Restore and to protect the selected sites through a multi-stakeholderapproach
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: page 4 of 50
I
lndicator r.z: Area (ha) where community-based ecosystem rehabilitation and protectionwere implemented
Actions:
o Development of local support and ownership of the process and agreedinte rventions;
o Relocation and resettlement of target island inhabitants;o Rehabilitation of fragile degraded areas.
Output z:
Activity z.t=
lndicato r z.Li
Actions:
Livelihoods of vulnerable households diversified
ldentify and implement livelihood diversification opportunities
Number of vulnerable households (by gender) practicing diversifiedlive lihoods
o ldentify and assess livelihood diversification opportunities for vulnerablehouseholds;
. Facilitate and empower vulnerable households to adopt suitable livelihooddiversiflcation options.
Activity z.z: Empower local communities in sustainable ecosystem rehabilitation andprotection
lndicator z.z: Number of people participating public works schemes (disaggregated bygender, age and ubedehe category)
Actions:
o Promotion of linkages to and/or establish self-help groups and cooperatives;o Provision of entrepreneurial and vocational training for green jobs to the most
vulnerable people.
Output 3: Knowledge management on ecosystem rehabilitation and protectionestablished
Activity 3.r: Develop and implement knowledge management system on ecosystemrehabilitation and protection
lndicator 3.r: Knowledge management system for ecosystem rehabilitation andprotection operational.
Actions:
Put in place an M&E system for ecosystem rehabilitation and protection;
Develop and disseminate knowledge packages on ecosystem rehabilitation andprotection through the REMA communication platform.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 5 of 50
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MNruAGEM ENT ARRANGEM ENTS
a) Rolrs AND RESpoNStBtLtIES
The Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) will be responsible for overallcoordination and implementation of the program. REMA operates as an Agency underMINIRENA and is responsible for the implementation of policy and framework legislationrelating to environment. A Programme Management Unit will be established within theSpecial lmplementation Unit (SPIU) of REMA to ensure effective co-ordination with otherprojects and programmes being carried by REMA. The Programme Management Unit willbe led by a Programme Manager who will report to the Director General of REMA who willbe the focal person responsible for the overall performance and accountability of theproject. The PMU will have overall responsibility for implementation, monitoring andreporting to UNDP.
The Programme will be overseen by a Programme Board that will serve as theprogramme's coordination and decision-making body and will ensure the programmedelivers its outputs and achieves its objective. The Programme Board meet quarterly toreview project progress and evaluations, facilitate implementation (ensuring the necessaryresources and support are provided in a timely manner) and provide guidance to the PMU.The Programme Board will also facilitate effective coordination between the keyGovernmental authorities at the national and district levels and ensure the project alignswith Government strategies and programs.
The Programme Board will comprise senior-level representatives from the partners districts(Vice Mayors Economic Affairs) and key ministries: Ministry of Finance and EconomicPlanning (MINECOFIN), Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), FONERWA, Ministry ofAgriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), Rwanda Natural Resources Authority(RNRA), Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), Ministry of lnfrastructure(MININFRA), Ministry of Trade and lndustry (MINICOM) and UNDP. The Programme Boardwill be chaired by the DG REMA and will meet every 6 months to review progress andapprove work plans, budgets and any major changes in implementation.
Programme Management Unit (PMU): REMA will establish a dedicated projectmanagement unit (PMU) based in the SPIU of REMA. The PMU will support the districts inproject implementation and will be responsible for the operational and financialmanagement and reporting. The Project Manager (PM) will be a national professionalresponsible for ensuring that the project produces the results specified in the results andresource framework to time and budget. S(he) will liaise and work closely with all partnerinstitutions and will be accountable to the Director General REMA for the quality, timelinessand effectiveness of all project activities as well as for the cost effective use of funds. ThePM will liaise closely with the Vice Mayors and ensure the project contributes to the DistrictDevelopment Plan linking with District Planning Committees and Joint Action DevelopmentForums (JADFs) to harmonise the project with the District Development plans.
The PM will prepare quarterly progress reports, work plans and budgets which will bereviewed by the District Administration as well as the DG REMA. All reporting will be inaccordance with UNDP rules and regulations with support from the Monitoring andEvaluation Officer and the Finance and Administrative Assistant.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 21 of 50
The programme will provide inception and on-going training for key REMA and district staffto develop and improve their technical, facilitation and motivational skills as well as
familiarising them with the various technologies being promoted by the project.
b) ORGANTSATToNAL srRucruRE FoR pRoGRAMME ExEcuroN AND TMpLEMENTATToN
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 22 of 5O
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2A18: Page 23 of 50
I
MONITORTNG FRAMEWoRK AND EVALUATIoN
The monitoring and evaluation system will be linked to the results and resource framework,annual work plans and budgets. The timely provision of results from Monitoring andEvaluation activities will enable the team to take corrective or enhancing measures as
necessary. The project will also establish a Participatory Monitoring and Evaluationsystem with beneficiary groups to enable beneficiaries to measure progress of projectinterventions. The project will employ a variety of means for data collection includingsurveys, participatory methods and case studies with project beneficiaries. The system willuse of sex and age-disaggregated indicators to track the delivery of outcomes in itsinterventions.
Overall responsibility for monitoring and evaluation will rest with the Executing Agency,REMA. Outcomes and outputs will be monitored during project with data collected,compiled and analysed by the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer on a regular basis.
ln accordance with the programming policies and procedures outlined in the UNDP UserGuide, the programme will be monitored through within the annual cycle and at the year-end. Within the annual cycle the following monitoring and evaluation activities will be
carried out:
7.. on a quafterly basis, a quality assessment shall record progress towards thecompletion of key results, based on quality criteria and methods captured in the OualityManagement table below;an lssue Log shall be activated in Atlas and updated by the Project Manager to facilitatetracking and resolution of potential problems or requests for change;
based on the initial risk analysis submitted (see annex r), a Risk Log shall be activated in
Atlas and regularly updated by reviewing the external environment that may affect theproject implementation;based on the above information recorded in Atlas, a Programme Progress Report(PPR) shall be submitted by the Project Manager to the Project Board through ProjectAssurance, using the standard report format available in the Executive Snapshot;
a project Lesson-learned Log shall be activated and regularly updated to ensure on-going learning and adaptation within the organization, and to facilitate the preparationofthe Lessons-learned Report at the end ofthe project; and
A Monitoring Schedule Plan shall be activated in Atlas and updated to track key
ma nagement actions/eve nts.
The Programme Progress Reports (PPRs) will describe progress on implementation as wellas lesson learning, a risk update and management and an ongoing assessment ofsustainability and acceptance of project interventions by the stakeholders particularly thebeneficiaries. The report will also include the expenditure report and a work plan andbudget for the following reporting period. The PPRs will include certified periodic financialstatements. ln addition, the project will commission two audits (to be conducted by an
accredited auditor) of project accounts to ensure compliance with Government rules andprocedures. The PPR's and audits will be submitted to the Project Board for regular reviewand approval. This will ensure continuous monitoring of project activities and allow forcorrective measures in due time.
Annually, the programme will prepare an Annual Review Report. The Report shall be
prepared by the Project Manager and shared with the Project Board and the Outcome
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 24 of 50
Board. As minimum requirement, the Annual Review Report shall consist of the Atlas
standard format for the OPR covering the whole year with updated information for each
above element of the OPR as well as a summary of results achieved against pre-defined
annual targets at the output level.
Based on the above report, an Annual Project Review shall be conducted during the fourth
quarter of the year or soon after, to assess the performance of the project and appraise the
Annual Work Plan (AWP) for the following year. The review will be co-ordinated by the
Monitoring and Evaluation Officer. S(he) will collect and collate indicator data and measure
performance against the baseline and targets in the Results Resource Framework. S (he)
will work closely with the Communications Officer to ensure timely and effective
communication of the results to all the key stakeholders. The assessment will include a field
survey and case studies and will report on:
progress made against the indicators, milestones and targets,
effectiveness of delivery of project outputs and efficiency of implementation and
risk management,
achievement of objectives,
identify corrective actions if needed and
Lessons learned from project design, implementation and management.
ln the last year, this review will be a final assessment. This review is driven by the Project
Board and may involve other stakeholders as required. lt shall focus on the extent to which
progress is being made towards outputs, and that these remain aligned to appropriate
outcomes. The report will summarise the results achieved (objectives, outcomes, outputs),
lessons learned, and make recommendations on any actions needed to ensure
sustainability, replicability and scaling up.
Monitoring results will be disseminated in a user-friendly format and timely manner to
project stakeholders by the Communications Officer to enable a responsive approach to
implementation and allow for troubleshooting of any problems to ensure smooth
implementation of project activities. Results and lessons learned from the project will be
periodically disseminated within and beyond the project intervention zone using a variety of
media (briefing notes, website as well as through existing information sharing networks and
forums).
The programme staff including the Project Manager will be field based and therefore able
to make regular visits to project sites. The Project Director and members of the Steering
Group (none of these positions are funded through the project) willtake part in an Annual
field visit to familiarise themselves with the project interventions on the ground and
validate the annual review
External Program Review: The program will be subject to an external program review
towards the end of its znd Year or beginning of its 3rd year. This will be the mid-term
program evaluation. The exercise will be carried out to assess the performance of this
project, progress achieved so far and assess if the program outPuts and deliverables need
adjustment whereas the final program review will be conducted toward the end of the
project lifespan.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programrne 2013-2A18: Page 25 of 50
l. Lrcal coNTEXT
This document together with the CCPD signed by the Government and UNDp which isincorporated herein by reference, constitute together a Project Document as referred to inthe Standard Basic Assistance Agreement (SBAA); as such all provisions of the CCPD applyto this document. All references in the SBAA to "Executing Agency" shall be deemed torefer to "lmplementing Partner", as such term is defined and used in the CPAP and thisdocument.
Consistent with the Article lll of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement (SBAA), theresponsibility for the safety and security of the lmplementing Partner and its personnel andproperty, and of UNDP's property in the lmplementing Partner's custody, rests with thelmplementing Partner (REMA). To this end, the lmplementing partner shall:
put in place an appropriate security plan and maintain the security plan, taking intoaccount the security situation in the country where the project is being carried;Assume all risks and liabilities related to the implementing partner's security, andthe full implementation of the security plan.
UNDP reserves the right to verify whether such a plan is in place, and to suggestmodifications to the plan when necessary. Failure to maintain and implement anappropriate security plan as required hereunder shall be deemed a breach of thelmplementing Partner's obligations under this Project Document [and the projectCooperation Agreement between UNDP and the lmplementing partner.
The lmplementing Partner agrees to undertake all reasonable efforts to ensure that none ofthe UNDP funds received pursuant to the Project Document are used to provide support toindividuals or entities associated with terrorism and that the recipients of any amountsprovided by UNDP hereunder do not appear on the list maintained by the Security CouncilCommittee established pursuant to resolution :-z57 (rggg). The list can be accessed viahttp://www.un.org/sclcommittees/rz6/aq-sanctions-list.shtml. This provision must beincluded in all sub-contracts or sub-agreements entered into under/further to this projectDocument".
a.
b.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Pag e 2G of 50
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1tr.1 AttttEx z
Summary of recently concluded, ongoing, and pipeline projects that are relevant to theproposed project
" k"y institution for soil and water conservation inagriculture at a policy leve1
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 39 of 50
Gishwati Land and
Water ManagementProject
Aimed at ensuring sustainable use of the Gishwati forestand implemented by MINAGRI'3 and the Ministry ofLocal Government through the Rwanda AgriculturalBoard. The project has a budget of USsz6 million and
aims to improve land productivity and reduce erosion(with bench terracing and improved land husbandry on
3o2ha) as well as increase forest cove r (loha) and
ecosystem restoration in the Gishwati Forest Ecosystem.
This includes rehabilitation zoo ha of new range land in
Gishwati and construction of feeder roads in the area.
20aj-,,2(J^1,4
Gishwati area in
Nyabihu and Rubavu
districts and inNyabihu District
adjacent to Gishwatifo re st.
Reducing
Vulnerability toClimate Change by
Establishing Early
Warning andDisasterPreparedness
Systems / Supportfor IntegratedWatershedManagement in
Flood Prone Areas
This project is funded by the LDCF (USsr.25 million)through GEF/UNEP and implemented by the Rwanda
Environment Management Authority in partnership withUNEP, UNDP, RAB (Rwanda Agriculture Board),
MIDIMAR, MET RWANDA and the African AdaptationProgram (AAP).
The project promotes soil conservation and improvedresource management (reforestation, radical terracing,horticulture and agroforestry) including the restorationof ecosystem functions to Karago Lake. Specifically, theproject aims to: (i) prepare an early warning and disastermanagement plan for the Gishwati forest and theCongo-Nile watershed; (ii) produce a Iand use masterplan for climate resilience; (iii) introduce improved land
use management practices; and (iv) distribute thelessons learned from pilot areas to the rest of thecou ntry.
The main outputs include: dn Early Warning System(EWS) established in Gishwati area, climate change risks
incorporated into District development planning; and
good practices to reduce vulnerability promoted amongcommunities in the project areas. The main components
2o1o to zor4The project
intervention area
includes the fourdistricts bordering
the Gishwati forest.
The project is
piloting adaptationmeasures in thedistricts of Nyabihu.Ngororero, Rubavu,
Rutsiro,
Nyamagabe,
Bugesera, Kayo nza,
Gatsibo, Kirche and
Ru I i ndo.
of this project are based on developing an early warning
system and capacity building.Predicting the climate is
the first stage but follow on interventions are also
needed to support mitigation and adaptation.
Pipeline project
4 d istricts.This GEF/World Bank project will introduce and
implement Iandscape restoration management plans
and develop risk and vulnerability assessments for the
Gishwati forest area. The project will also support
infrastructure measures and the restoration of wetlands
and river basins along with improved Water
management practices. There is also provision for the
support of alternative ene rgy sources and the adoption
of sustainable and alternative agricultural practices and
Iivelihoods including Climate resilient agricultural and
livestock practices in the target areas.
Landscape
Approach to Forest
Restoration and
Conservation(LAFREC)
This GEF project (funded under LDCF) will have 3components: (r) local and national institutional capacity
development for an ecosystem management approach
to adaptation; (z) strengthening the policy and strategy
environment to promote the up-scaling of an ecosystem
management approach to adaptation in Rwanda; and (:)Interventions that reduce vulnerability and restore
natura I ca pita l.
U nder the third component, the project will establish
biodiversity-rich ecosystems, reduce erosion and
regulate water flow; as well as develop and promote
alternative livelihoods based on the restored
ecosyste ms.
The pipeline project
ta rgets 3
ecosyste ms:
savannahs in East
Rwanda and
degraded forests
and wetlands in
North West Rwanda.
Building resilience
of communitiesliving in degraded
forests, savannahsand wetlands ofRwanda through an
ecosystem
managementapproach
lntegrated WaterResources
ManagementDevelopment(rwRMD)
The Government of Rwanda signed an MOU with the
United Nations Economic Commissions of Africa/ACPC
in zor2 which has committed to support lntegrated
Water Resources Management Development (IWRMD)
through the Rwanda Natural Resources Authority for thedevelopment and implementation of the African Climate
Policy Centre work programme in the following areds:
o lmprove the hydrological data network,
management and information system of Rwanda
2o13- 2Ot5
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013 -2018: Page 40 of 50
o Analysis of risk and vulnerabilityo Establishing a community based flood early warning
syste m
. Ca pacity Development
Poverty and
Environmentlnitiative (PEl)
Led by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority(REMA) and the Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forests,
Water and Mines (MINITERE) and funded by UNDP, theintended outcome of the PEI is the integration ofenvironment into national policy and district planning,policy and budget processes to implement the EconomicDevelopment and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS
I t).
The expected outcome for PEI Phase ll is thatenvironment is integrated at nationaland districtplanning, policy and budget processes to implement theEDPRS with the expected Output that six selected lineministries (selected on the basis of expenditure) and
districts have fully mainstreamed environment in theirsector policies, plans and strategies and capacity has
been built for sustainable sector performance. Theproject works at the central, district and communitylevels and has been instrumental in mainstreamingclimate change issues into the development agenda at all
leve ls.
2oo9 - 2013 but a
fourth phase 2c1,4-zor8 is under review
Lake VictoriaEnvironmentalManagementProject (LVEMP)
LVEM P Il is a five year East African Community projectunder implementation in the five countries that share theLake Victoria Basin: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania
and Uganda. lt is funded through a USS r5 million IDAloan from the World bank. There are four components:
1. Strengthening institutional capacity for managingshared water and fisheries resources;
2. Point source pollution control and prevention;
3. Watershed management with two sub-components:(i) Natural resource conservation and livelihoodsimprovement; and (ii) Community capacity buildinga nd pa rticipation; and
4. Project coordination and management.
ln the Goma ared, dround roo ha of radical terracing have
been completed and Toha of land planted with trees. Theproject also disburses smallgrants through SACCO
branches to cooperatives through its Community Driven
2Oa2-2Oa7
So far the projecthas launched
activities in twodistricts but is
pla n n ing to roll outto a further 7
d istricts th is yea r.
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 20L3-2018: Page 41 of 50
I
l
i
i
i
Development (CDD) sub-project rnitiative. This approach
enables local communities to access project funds forsusta i na ble enterprise development.
This, the second five year phase of the Project funded
through UNDP was designed to build on and scale up the
successes of the first phase (2oo5-B). The overall
objective of DEM P !l is to rntegrate environment withdevelopment and promote sustainable Iivelihoods using
decentralisation as a delivery mechanism. The project
has 3 components:
1) Enabling MINITERE to effectively implementenvironmental policies, and support the decentralisation
and coordination of quality delivery of environmental
services in the districts;
z) Strengthening district Capacity for environmental
management - to enable districts to integrate
environmental issues into the development process,
through the District Development Plans (DDPs) and thebudget proce ss;
3) Assisting in the implementation of environmentalpriorities identified in the DDPs by ,sing innovativepractices (e.9. improved cooking stoves, soil
conseruation technologies etc.), and building public-
private-civil society sectors in integrating conservation
and development, targeting communities in/ around
protected areas where degradation threatens livelihoods
sustainability.
zoo8- 2o13
13 districts in theWestern and Eastern
Provinces
Decentra lisationand EnvironmentalManagementProject ll (DEMP Il)
Supporting Ecosystem Rehabilitation Programme 2013-2018: Page 42 of 50
