I... · Web viewDuring the late seventh and early eight centuries, where did Islamic expansion into Europe originate?

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Islam ExamIslam ExamGlobal IR: AdamiakGlobal IR: Adamiak

Part I: Multiple Choice – Write the best answer choice on the answer sheet provided [3 points each]

1. During the late seventh and early eight centuries, where did Islamic expansion into Europe originate?

a. Sea routes in the Adriatic and Black seasb. Southern Spain

c. Northern Europe near the Rhine Riverd. Kingdom of the Franks

Base your answer to question 3 on the statements below and your knowledge of social studies

Speaker A: We must return to the ideas of the Bible. We should encourage people to read and interpret religious scripture for themselves.

Speaker B: Our people worship many gods, who control the peoples’ activities, such as birth, death, and commerce.

Speaker C: Our people received the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. We are few in numbers, but we will bring these commandments to all people.

Speaker D: We trace our religion’s birth to the flight of our greatest prophet from Mecca to Medina.

2. Which speaker refers to the establishment of Islam?

a. Ab. B

c. Cd. D

3. A major contribution of the Golden Age of Islam was the development of a. development of mercantilismb. creation of the first monotheistic religionc. spread of democratic idealsd. advancements in mathematics and science

4. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share a belief in

a. papal supremacy b. monotheism

c. infallibility of the imam d. teachings of the Qur’an

5. One way in which the Eightfold Path and the Five Pillars of Islam are similar is that these rulesa. represent codes of behaviorb. restrict social mobilityc. stress the spiritual being in all natural objectsd. suggest a deep respect for nature and reincarnation

6. Which of the following accurately demonstrates how Islamic culture was influenced by those of the land they conquered?

Islam ExamGlobal IR: Adamiak

a. Muslim priests upheld the polytheistic beliefs of the Persiansb. Muslim caliphs encouraged the Confucian concept of civil service examinationsc. Muslim mathematicians adopted the Indian numeral systemd. Muslim philosophers wrote predominately in Latin

7. Through what measures did Umayyad and Abbasid rulers encourage expansion?a. They banned members of other religions from the empireb. They offered social and economic advantages to Muslim convertsc. They constructed capital cities in all of the Muslim territories d. They formed military alliances with nomadic groups like the Huns

8. During the period of Islamic expansion, the concept of jihad proposed which of the following?a. Muslims promote religious toleration as a way of acquiring new territoriesb. Muslims adopt a bureaucratic form of governmentc. Muslims extend their faith to non-believers and defend it from attackd. All Muslims join the Sunni branch of Islam

9. The role of the caliph following Muhammad’s death in 632 C.E. can best be described asa. advisor to the Imamb. final authority on Shar’iah lawc. a provincial governor who would report to the rulerd. political and military head

10. Which of the following was one of the greatest contributions of Muslim culture to western civilization?a. Muslim mathematicians invented the concept of zerob. Muslim civil engineers created a system of aqueductsc. Muslim architecture was the first to use the columnd. Muslim scholars preserved ancient Greek and Roman texts in their libraries

11. One achievement of Islamic mathematicians was the

a. discovery of the value of pib. invention of geometry

c. invention of algebra d. invention of the abacus

12. The golden age of Islam in which significant cultural and intellectual achievements were made occurred during the

a. Umayyad Caliphate when the capital was at Damascusb. Abbasid Caliphate when the capital was at Baghdadc. invasion of the Seljuk Turksd. emergence of the Persian Sassanid Empire

13. What was an example of cultural diffusion in the Islamic religion?a. House of Wisdomb. Caliphs

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c. Optic surgery proceduresd. various depictions of peasants and farm laborers

14. All of the following number among the Five Pillars of Islam EXCEPTa. charitable donations to fellow Muslimsb. fasting during the month of Ramadanc. hajj to Mecca during one’s lifed. memorization of the Hadith

15. What is the significance of the outcome of the Battle of Tours?a. The Muslim victory and ensuing control of trade routes helped bring the fall of Romeb. Muslims were prevented from making territorial gains into western Europec. Shiites broke away from the Sunni tradition and formed their own sect of Islamd. Genghis Khan officially brought the Abbasid caliphate to an end

16. Which statement is most accurate about Islamic art & architecture?a. Islamic art focused on abstract geometric patterns and ornate calligraphyb. Elaborate miniatures of historical figures and battles were created during the Umayyad Dynastyc. Most Islamic art forms were derived from classic Greek and Roman examplesd. The most important architectural contributions were domes and arches

17. Which is of the following is considered the holiest place in Islam?

a. Dome of the Rockb. Medina

c. The Ka’bad. The ruins of the House of Wisdom

Base your answer to question 18 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

…Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Qur’an and because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews “people of the Book” and permitted them much religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word meaning “living together,” helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country in Europe…

~Lawrence Houghteling, “Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain,” Calliope, Nov.-Dec. 1995

18. What is the main idea of the above passage?a. The Torah and the Bible were rejected in Muslim Spainb. Arabs, Jews, and Christians shared houses of worship in Muslim Spainc. Religious tolerance in Muslim Spain encouraged the growth of a rich and diverse cultured. Spain was troubled by deep-rooted religious conflicts

19. After reading this passage, do you believe:a. The Islamic religion was isolated from other religions

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b. “People of the Book” are people who converted to Islamc. All religions were appreciated by Islamd. Islam did not have a prophet

Base your answer to question 20 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

. . . The split arose from a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in A.D. 632. Some followers believed his successor should be chosen by tribal consensus, and they named one of Muhammad’s inner circle as the first caliph, or spiritual leader. But others thought the successor should come directly from the Prophet’s family, namely his cousin and son in- law Ali. . . .Source: National Geographic, June 2004

20. The situation described in this passage led to thea. pogroms in Russiab. fall of Constantinoplec. division of Sunnis and Shiitesd. tensions between Protestants and Catholics

21. Which of the following is the source of Islamic law?

a. Hadithb. Sunna

c. Qu’rand. Shari’ah

22. While the Umayyad Dynasty was in power, Buddhists living within the Umayyad territory werea. permitted to practice their religion because of the Umayyad policy of tolerationb. forced to pay a poll tax in order to practice their religionc. forced to convert to Islamd. given equal sociopolitical status in Umayyad societye. expelled from the empire

23. Which of the following correctly shows that China greatly influenced Islamic cultural achievements?a. Abbasid scholars preserved the ancient texts of Plato in the library at Baghdadb. Muslim craft specialists made improvements in paper-makingc. Muslim scholars gathered at stupas to discuss Buddhismd. Islamic architects used the dome structure in their buildings

24.

Which conclusion about Islamic society during itsGolden Age can best be supported by thesestatements?a. Social status of Muslims was determined atbirth.

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Islamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomyIslamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomy Muslim architects excelled in design.Muslim architects excelled in design. Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.


b. Achievements relied on a knowledge of mathand science.c. People of diverse faiths were required toconvert to Islam.d. Cities developed self-sufficient economies.

25. Based on how Islam spread to Southeast Asia (places like Indonesia), most converts to Islam be found would be found

a. inlandb. in areas with historical Buddhist influencesc. close to ports and harborsd. in areas formerly controlled by the Romans

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Part II – Document Based Questions

Document 1

What condition in Cordoba does this author cite as evidence of the high level of Islamic scholarship?

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Document 2

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Besides the university library, Arab statisticians assure us the city boasted 37 libraries, numberless bookstores, 800 public schools…and a total population of 300,000. Its people enjoyed a high standard of living and refinement and walked on paved streets… - all this at a time when hardly a town in Europe, Constantinople excepted, counted more than a few thousand inhabitants. Parisians and Londoners were still trudging on muddy, dark alleys…

~Philip Hiti’s description of Cordoba in Capital Cities of Arab Islam (University of Minnesota Press, 1973)

First should be mentioned the textile products imported from Islamic countries: muslin…damask…gauze, cotton, satin.

Natural products, which by their name indicate they were imported from Islamic countries – fruits like orange, lemon, and apricot; vegetables like spinach, artichokes, and saffron…Finally our commercial vocabulary itself has preserved…proofs that there was a time when Islamic trade and trade customs exercised a deep influence on the commercial development of Christian countries – such words as “traffic” [derived from Arabic tafriq], which means distribution.

~J.H. Kramers’ The Legacy of Islam (Claredon Press, Oxford 1931).


What were two commercial or trade benefits that Europeans gained from Islamic commerce and industry?

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____[2]

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Document 3

Based on this excerpt from the Qur’an, what Pillar of Islam is being described?

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____[2]

Document 4

The featured diagram is related to which Pillar of Islam?

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Document 56

First should be mentioned the textile products imported from Islamic countries: muslin…damask…gauze, cotton, satin.

Natural products, which by their name indicate they were imported from Islamic countries – fruits like orange, lemon, and apricot; vegetables like spinach, artichokes, and saffron…Finally our commercial vocabulary itself has preserved…proofs that there was a time when Islamic trade and trade customs exercised a deep influence on the commercial development of Christian countries – such words as “traffic” [derived from Arabic tafriq], which means distribution.

~J.H. Kramers’ The Legacy of Islam (Claredon Press, Oxford 1931).

“To spend of your substance out of love for Him [Allah] – to your kin, orphans, the needy, the wayfarer, those who ask and for freeing slaves.” ~From the Qur’an (2:177)


1. Which group paid the highest percentage of their income in taxes? _______________________________[2]

2. Did Muslim converts pay taxes in an amount closer to people born Muslim or non-Muslims?

____________________________________________________________________________________[2]

3. What do you call the departmental and organized system of government depicted in the chart?

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Documents

I... · Web viewDuring the late seventh and early eight centuries, where did Islamic expansion into Europe originate?