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The History of the English
Language
An introductory course for the
3rd year students
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I. The Subject of the History of
English
We study different aspects of language:
! phonetics"
# ! gra$$ar"3 % &ord!stoc'"
( ! style.
There are t&o approaches in linguisticsto study the$:
Synchronic ) *iachronic
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Synchronic approach: the aspects
of the language are studied as fi+ed.
*iachronic approach: the languageaspects are studied in
de,elop$ent.
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Why study History of the language-
To e+plain the spelling and
pronunciation of &ords" the unusual
gra$$ar of English and e+ceptions"
To sho& the connection of English
&ith other er$anic languages"
To sho& that linguistic alterations are
dependent on the history of the
people.
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/eriods in the History of English
0E % 1thcentury % thcentury
2or$an 4on5uest 6778
9E % #th
century % 1th
century2(1 % introduction of printing8
E % 7thcentury % #stcentury"
subdi,ided into:
a8 EE 7!thcenturies"
b8 LE ;!#stcenturies.
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0ld English /eriod
It began in (6 &hen the er$anic
tribes in,aded the risians
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The in,asion of the er$anic tribes
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/art of
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The influence of @o$ans on 4elts
In the stc. A.*. =. 4aesar $ade the
4eltic
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@o$an influence
The &ord street in English co$es
fro$ Latin strata.
The @o$ans built the fa$ous @o$an
roads. They turned Londiniu$ into a
si?eable port and i$portant trading
centre.
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Why is the English language called Anglo!Sa+on and
&hy is it different fro$ the other er$anic
languages-
The er$ans destroyed the @o$an
ci,ili?ation in England"
They forced the 4elts to $o,e to the
peripheries of the country"
The dialects they spo'e &ere totally
separated fro$ the other er$anic
dialects on the continent.
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Introduction of 4hristianity
In A.*. 1 St. Augustine and agroup of 9issionaries settled
in4anterbury.
9onasteries &ere established all o,erthe country.
In less than a century England &as
4hristiani?ed.orthu$bria &as the centre of$onastic
learning.
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The in,asion of the *anes
In the thcentury the Bi'ings in,aded
the
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DThe *ialects of 0E
Kentish% Spo'en in Cent 2fro$ the
=utes in thcentury8"
West Saxon% The $ain dialect of
the Sa+on group spo'en in the rest of
England south of the Tha$es and the
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The *ialects of 0E
Mercian% fro$ the Angles in 9ercia"
spo'en in the central region fro$ the
Tha$es to the Hu$ber"
Northumbrian% fro$ Anglian tribes
spo'en to the north of Hu$ber ri,er
2thcentury8.
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uestions for the se$inar:
. The subject of the history of English
language.
#. The periods in the history of English
language.3. 0E /eriod.
(. 0E *ialects.
1. The @unes.>ro$ 0hthereFs account about his ,oyage
to the orth Sea.
