TOURISTS OF THE CLOUDSAeronauts Will Hold a Unique

Convention at Boston

ELYING MACHINE CONTESTS

What a Common Turkey Buzzard Sug-

gested

Man ol Science Prom All Parts of the WorldWill Show the Possibilities ol

Aerial Navigation

Folks afflicted with the balloon feverwillhave a chance to indulge the disease

lo tbe utmost limit before long. An

aeronautical convention, the very firstof, its kind, Is to be held in Boston in theearij; Jtart of September, and flying

AERIAL FLYERS

sharps from all parts of the world willattend to show their fellows what won-derful things they have accomplishedIn the matter of touring among theclouds.

It Is almost unnecessary to state thatthis convention may be the meant ofcausing a revolution in the matter ofquick transit. The men who will attendIt are not reckless, untutored spirits; onthe other hand they are intelligentscientists who believe that aerial navi-gation is not only possible, but thatwithin a few years It will be a popularreality, Indulged In by great financialcorporations and by private Individuals.Popular interest In acrnautlcs has beenarouaed all over the world by the bal-loon expeditions to the North Pole byExplorer Andree. Becent experimentsby meterologlcal experts ln kite flyinghave also excited the public mind in thematter, and It Is fair to presume thatwhen the famous aeronauts convene atBoston their doings will be heralded toall the ends ofthe earth.

The convention has been arranged by

the Aeronautical society of Boston. ThisIs composed of only twenty men, buteach one of the twenty Is a man skilledln the work of the organization. Thesociety was only formed in May ot 1895.

Prof. William H. Pickering, the astron-omer of Harvard, college, is the presi-dent. He has taken up the study ofaeronauts for the purpose of furtheringthe science of astronomy, believing thatthe scope of the latter will be enlargedto a limitless degree when astronomersare able to sail far above the clouds.

A FAMOUS GATHERINGThe best known of the scientists who

will attend the convention are Herr OttoLilienthal of Berlin; Willis L. Moore,chief of the United States weather bu-reau; A. S. Potter, also of the weatherbureau's staff; William A. Eddy, whosemany experiments in kite flying havemade him famous; J. Woodbridge Davis,Inventor of the life-saving kite; OctaveChanute, who has been a recognizedauthority on flying machines for morethan fifty years; Prof. S. P. Lajigley,director of the Smithsonian institute;Gilbert T. Woglom of New York; Alex-ander Graham Bell of telephone fame,who within the past year or two hasgiven much time to the study of aerialnavigation, and possibly Laurence Har-grave of New South Wales.

Much of the work for the conventionarrangements have fallen upon AlbertA. Merrill, secretary of the Boston So-ciety of Aeronauts. The convention willlast many days and will not be a dry af-fair by any means, as the principal fea-ture of the program is a competitionmeet of all the flying machines. Thesecompetitions willprobably take place atMilton, a suburb of Boston. The reasonof the selection of Milton is that there isa fair-sized sheet of water near at hand.All aeronauts have a weakness for mak-ing ascents in the vicinity of water. Ex-perience has taught them that it Ispleasanter to fall a few hundred feetInto deep water than to smash into thsearth. It Is quite probable that if nowater were near at hand many of the de-signers would refuse to show off theirHying machines at the competition.

THE COMPETITIONThe various classes are classified as

follows;Prize A?For the kite showing the

maximum of lift to the minimum ofdriftln a breeze having a velocity of morethan fifteen miles per hour.

Prize B?For the kite showing themaximum of lift to the mlmimum ofdrift in a breeze having a velocity ofless than fifteen miles per hour.

Prize C?For the kite keeping its equil-ibrium through the greatest extremesof wind velocity.

Prize D?For the soaring machine infree flightwhich, after gaining velocity,shall make the best course. The excel-lence of the course to be judged by thomaximum length and the mlmimum ofundulation. Energy may be given to themachine by carrying It to a height.

Prize E?For the best self-propelledmachine.

The greatest interest will center in theflying machines, anrl according to ex-

perts this feature of the program willbea duel between the designs of Prof.Langley ot Washington and Herr Llllen-that of Berlin. Prof. Langley's machineIs a contradiction of the principles rec-ognized by all of the other designersof flyingmachines. In other words, theaim of the average designer is to pro-duce a machine lighter than the air.Prof. Langley believes that the weightof the machine has nothing to do with itsflying capacity. He claims that the greatessential is the driving force. Ifenougnpower can be Introduced, he argues, thata machine of any weight can be driventhrough the air.It was the lowly turkey buzzard that

gave this Idea to Prof. Langley. On thissubject he says: "Did you ever thinkwhat a physical miracle It is for sucha bird as one ofour common turkey buz-zards to flyln the way Itdoes? You maysee them any day along the Potomacflying in the air, with hardly the move-ment of their feathers. These birdsweigh from five to ten pounds; they arefar heavier than the air they displace;they are absolutely heavier than so manyflatirons."

A MYBTEBIOUS MACHINEProf. Langley has been most reticent

about construction of his machine.He uses steam as a driving power. It Isin the distribution and form of the solidmatter, he says, which allows it to floatthrough the air, and the greater thespeed attained the less danger there isof the machine falling. Less than threemonths ago Prof. Langley sent a smallmachine on a flightof nearly half a milethrough the air ln the presence of Alex-ander Graham Bell. This machine wasbuilt of steel, weighed twenty-fourpounds and measured fourteen feet fromend to end. It was 1000 times heavierthan the air supporting It. Great se-crecy attended the experiment, and theworld would probably have never knownof It had it not been for the enthusiasmof Prof. Bell. Prof. Langley Is now atwork on a larger and heavier machine,ln which the driving power will be muchgreater. It is possible that the new ma-chine will be exhibited at the Bostonconvention.

THE LILIENTHALIDEA,Prof. Langley does not believe that

man has sufficient strength to fly withartificial wings. His rival, Herr Lilien-thal, does. His machines are construct-ed on that idea. With the Lilienthalmachine it is necessary to start theliight from a high hill. The flyer buckleson the machine, takes a sharp run andJumps into space. The big wings on themachine are supposed to do the rest. Thenovice, when he runs and jumps, usual-ly hits the ground with his face. HerrLilienthal has had an artificial hill fiftyfeet high built near his home at GrosLlchterfelde, a suburb of Berlin: Fromthis eminence he has made repeatedflights of 250 yards.

His apparatus consists of woodenframes, wiiyrlike in shape, covered withcotton twilling. The frame iB seizedby the hands, the arms resting on cush-ions, thus supportlnglthe body. The legsremain free for running or jumping.Thesteeling in the air is brought about bychanging the center of gravity. Thesupporting surfaces are from twelve totwenty-five yards.

THE KITEDISPLAYIn the matter of kites the display at

the coming convention will be large.William A. Eddy of Bavonne. N. J.. has

more than 100 kites. Hitching nine ofthem In tandem fashion he has sent thetopmost to a height of 6000 feet. GilbertT. Woglom is also a skillfulkite flyer.

In dismissing a gang of kites Mr. "Wog-lom first liberates oii£ on a string aslight as consistent with the pull of thekite. When it has reached the heightwhere it has taken as much cord as Itcan ln a substantially straight line, asecond kite is sent up on a 75 or 100-footleader. When kite No. 2ls steady ln theair, the lower end of Its string is attachedto the string of the original kite. Mr.Woglom then brings out his self-regis-tering scale and tries the pressure of themain twine. Ifit is more than 25 percent of the breaking strength ot thejtwine a heavier cord Is attached. Thetwo kites are then allowed to go up, anda third Is attached to the string ln thesame way as the second. The same ope-ration is repeated for as many kites asmay be desired in a gang. Ten kites isthe greatest number that Mr. Woglom

has ever sept out in one gang. He dis-missed this tandem on February 16 last,when the wind was blowing about thir-teen miles an hour. They rose to analtitude of 2500 feet and all were safelybrought back. On November 29, 1*94.eight kites were sent up to an eleva-tion of 4950 feet in a wind varying fromthree to twenty-eight miles.

THE NEW SLEEPING CAR

It Is Arranged in State Rooms, Bach of WhichContains a Single Berth

The demand for more privacy at nightthan is offered by the ordinary sleepingcar, and the objection to the so-calledstate-room car, that its high price com-partments all contain two berths, hasled to the designing of a new style sleep-er called the Lockwood, In which eachroom can be connected by unlockingdoors in the partition if two or murepersons arc traveling together.

During the daytime these cars willhavo the usual arrangement, while atnight the alternate partitions are movedin such a way that the upper and lowerberths arc in alternate rooms,

By day each state room Is 6 feet 6 incit-es by 4 feet wide, and has a sofa 19/£inches wide. At night the upper partof each reversible (alternate) partitionis unfastened, Blid forward nineteen andone-fourth Inches and refastenerl. Thelower part of the partition Is then raisedand locked in a horizontal position, form-ing the bottom of the upper berth. Anadditional partition, which forms thetop nf the double seat, is thrown up ver-tically and forms the back of the lowerberth. No curtains are required. Thewidth at night is 5 feet H inches over theberths, which are made up crosswise ofthe car. Each room has a washstand.These new ears are 72 feet long, havefourteen single rooms, one double roomand two ordinary berths. It does notgive as many berths s.s an ordinaryPullman or Wagner, but the berths arewide enough for two persons to occupycomfortably.?New York Journal.

It Is said that Hobart, the Republicancandidate for vice president, is very fondof frogs' legs. But that cannot be theonly reason that he was put on the tick-et with the man who looks like Napol-eon.?Peoria Herald.

Thurston told McKinley that he was"the unanimous choice of a united par-ty." This is a very apt description ofMark Hanna. ?New York World.

THO, \

THIS

THE HARGRAVE KITES

LOS ANGELE9 HEBALTJ: BTJOTAY MOBNTNG, JULY 12. 1898. 15

No Charge for Special AdviceMyArticles Sold in Los Angeles by Druggists

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