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“I regard the growth of cities as an evil thing, unfortunate for mankind and the world. ”
0.2
.4.6
.81
Sh
are
Urb
aniz
ed
$0-1000 $1000-2000 $2000-3000 $3000-4000 $4000-5000
Source: World Bank
Share of Countries over 1/3 Urbanized, by GDP per Capita (2012 $)1960 and 2010
1960 2010
The Strength of Slums
67
89
10
11
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1% Urbanization, 2010
Log of P.C. GDP 2010 PPP Fitted values
Per Capita GDP Growth 1960-2010 (Poor Countries<$5000 PC GDP)
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Burundi
Liberia
Niger
Malawi
Sierra Leone
Central African Republic
AfghanistanUganda
Rwanda
Togo
Nepal
Zimbabwe
BangladeshBeninKenyaCambodia
Pakistan
Senegal
Cameroon
Cote d'Ivoire
Zambia
Ghana
Papua New Guinea
India
Nicaragua
Sudan
BoliviaHonduras
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Iraq
Egypt, Arab Rep.Morocco
Guatemala
Syrian Arab Republic
Congo, Rep.
El SalvadorEcuador
China
Algeria
Thailand
Jamaica
Dominican RepublicPeru
Colombia
South AfricaPanamaCosta Rica
Malaysia Mexico
Turkey
Brazil
UruguayChile
Korea, Rep.
PortugalGreece
Spain Hong Kong SAR, China
SingaporeJapan
-2-1
01
23
GD
P G
row
th 1
96
0-2
010
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1Urbanization in 1960
02
46
8
Life
Sa
tisfa
ction
, 1-1
0
1 2 3 4 5
Life Satisfaction by Percent Urbanization(Quintiles)
Rwanda
MaliGhana
India
Moldova
Iraq
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Morocco
Guatemala
Indonesia
Ukraine
Thailand
Bulgaria
South Africa
RomaniaMalaysia
Argentina
Mexico
Russian FederationBrazil
Uruguay
Poland
Slovenia
CyprusSpain
New ZealandItaly
United Kingdom
France
Germany
Japan
Finland
CanadaUnited StatesNetherlands
Sweden
AustraliaNorway
-.1
0.1
.2
Urb
an
-Ru
ral H
ap
pin
ess
4 6 8 10 12Log of Per Capita GDP
The Urban Triad
The Physical City by rulto Government battling the Demons of Density
The Economic Magic of Human Interaction by חדוה שנדרוביץ
-.0
50
.05
.1.1
5
Avera
ge
Po
pu
lation
Ch
an
ge
, 20
00
-20
10
16
00
018
00
020
00
022
00
024
00
0
Avera
ge
Pe
r C
ap
ita Inco
me, 2
00
0
0 2 4 6 8 10Population Density
Per Capita Income, 2000
Population Change, 2000-2010
Source: U.S. Census
Detroit
Houston
Las Vegas
New York
Phoenix
DC
-1-.
75
-.5
-.2
5
0
.25
Ch
an
ge
in F
HF
A P
rice, 2
00
6-2
01
1
0 .2 .4 .6 .8Change in FHFA Price, 2001-2006
Change in Housing Prices, 2001-2006 vs. 2006-2011
0
.05
.1.1
5.2
Avera
ge
Cha
ng
e in
FH
FA
, 1
99
6-2
01
2
1 2 3 4 5Note: For MSAs with populations greater than 250,000 in 2010.
Change in FHFA, 1996-2012by Quintile of Population Density, 2010
Photo by Postdil Alfred Peet
Ford’s Big Idea (River Rouge)
The Decline of the Costs of Moving Goods
Dol
lars
per
Ton
Mile
(R
eal)
Railroad Revenue per Ton Mileyear
1890 2000
.02323
.185063
0
.02
.04
.06
.08
.1
Avera
ge
Po
pu
lation
Gro
wth
by C
oun
ty, 2
000
-20
10
1 2 3 4 5
Average Population Growth by Average January Temperature(Quintiles)
City 1950 Pop. 2010 Pop. Change
New York 7,891,957 8,175,133 +4 %
Chicago 3,620,962 2,695,598 -26%
Philadelphia 2,071,605 1,526,006 -26%
Los Angeles 1,970,358 3,792,621 +92%
Detroit 1,849,568 713,777 -61%
Baltimore 949,708 620,961 -34%
Cleveland 914,808 396,815 -56%
St. Louis 856,796 319,294 -63%
Washington 802,178 601,723 -25%
Boston 801,444 617,594 -23%
Will the last person to leave Seattle please turn out the lights?
Photo by Postdil Alfred Peet
0
.05
.1.1
5
Avera
ge
Po
pu
lation
Gro
wth
by C
oun
ty, 2
000
-20
10
1 2 3 4 5
Average Population Growth by Share with BA in 2000(Quintiles)
Share of Adults with B.A.s 2000
Per Capita GDP 2010 .
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
o
Bakersfi
oo
o
Las Vega
oo
o
o
oo
o
ooo
o
o
o
o
o
oDetroit
oo
o
o
o
o
oo
ooo
oo
o
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oo
o
o
ooo
o
o
o
o
o
o
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o
o
o
New York
o
oo
o
o
o
o
Atlanta
o
Boston
o
o
o
ooo
San Jose
oSan Fran
PISA MATH SCORE
Log Per Capita GDP .
300 400 500 600
6
8
10
12
Kyrgyzst
o
o
o
o
o
o
Brazil
o
o
o
o
o
o
Thailan
o
o
o
oo o
o
Israel
o
o
o o o
oo
oU.S.A.
Portugal
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Norway
o
o
o
o
ooooo
o
o
o
o
Singapor
Photo by Mario Roberto Duran Ortiz
Chinitz: Contrasts in Agglomeration: New York and Pittsburgh
0.5
11.5
2
Avera
ge
Pe
rcen
t G
row
th in E
mplo
ym
ent, 1
97
7-2
01
0
1 2 3 4 5Smallest firms are in Quintile 1
MSA Employment Growth (1977-2010)by Average Firm Size (1977) Quintiles
Economic Growth and Firm Size
Engineering vs. Economics
The Curitiba Innovation
Picture by Mariordo
The Ongoing Health Challenge
Picture by Peter
Picture by Jorge Lascar
The Rise of the Consumer City
The Physical City: NIMBYism vs. Monumentalism
Astana by ChelseaFunNumberOne -
Monumentalism in Asia
Image by QuarterCircleS
