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CONTROL OF .,&} •

HOUSE HOLD PEStS "'-

EXTENSION BULLETIN No. 79

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A- l'f~ CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS

Extension Bulletin No ................. .

1

ACKNNOWLEDEMENT FOR THE EDITION We will like to express our gratitude to Dr. Olupomi Ajayi of the De­partment of Crop Protection, JAR for our colleagues of the Depart­ment of Extension Crop Protection, NAERLS for their constructive criticism during the compilation of this bulletin. We are also grateful to staff members of the graphic unit of the department of Audio Visual, NAERLS for all the illustrations in this bulletin 1987.

M.K.Kaura &

A.O. Olufade

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR THE REVISED EDITION 1998

Our thanks go to Mr. A. Maikai, Mr. M. Chori and Mr. S. Akibu all of the department of Crop Protection, JAR, our colleagues at the Food Technology and Rural Home Economics Programme annd Extension Crop Protectionn, NAERLS/ABU, whose criticisms and addition of information to the bulleins is much appreciated. I will also like to actually acknoledge posthumously to Dr. A 0 . Olufade who co-authored the first edition with me.

M.B.Kaura.

2

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

MOSQUITOES

HOUSE FLIES

COCKROACHES

LICE

BED BUGS

TICKS AND ANTS

SUGAR ANTS

SPIDERS

CLOTH MOTH

RATS

WEEVLLS

FLOUR BEETLES

TERMITES

PESTS CONTROL CHEMICAL AND USES

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

3

CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS

Introduction Household pests include dangerous insects and other animals that live in dirty surroundings. A worse because they feed on human food, they can spread diseases. Besides, the spread of diseases, they spoil house­hold properties and make the environment filthy. Certain pests like mosquitoes, lice and bed bugs live on human blood, some such as ter­mites, cockroaches and cloth moths destroy properties while others live on human food as in the cases of rats, mice, sugar ants and silver fish . Rats spread diseases that affect rna and animals. They eat ad destroy food materials I the farm, homes, warehouses, factories ad restaurants. Rats contaminate food which food which has then to be thrown away as w aste . Rats cause damage to wood work w ater pipes and many store

commodities from toilet paper to toilet soap, gnawing of electric cables ad causing of fire and breakdown of power stations. This booklet gives information on some major household pests ad how to control them.

Figure 1. A Mosquito

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Habits and Damages Mosquitoes are slender four-winged insects that spread disease germs such as malaria and filaria. They breed in stagnant water. They lay eggs in water that does not flow or in damp places. The eggs hatch into larvae develop in pupae which eventually grow into adults in about two or three days. In another day or two the female adults are ready to bite and suck blood from human beings. The male mosquito does not feed on blood but on plant juice, but the female adult needs the blood for maturing its eggs.

Control These insects are dangerous because they spread disease germs. Their bite is irritative and their humming noise a nuisance. It is therefore necessary to get rid of them in our living places. The most effective method of controlling mosquitoes is to destroy their breeding grounds. The following procedures are recommended: 1. Do not leave empty tins or coconut shells, discarded automo­

bile tyres or other trash that can hold water near the house be­cause they are capable ofholding enough water for mosquitoes to breed in.

2. Bury old tins or bottles in the ground. 3. Fill in tree holes with sand, mud or concrete. 4. Cover tightly water storage tanks, barrels or pots to prevent

mosquitoes from laying eggs in the water. 5. Keep weeds and shrubs away from around the house because

they serve as resting places for mosquitoes. 6. Drain or fill in all small ponds or puddles around the house with

earth or gravel. These can collect water and serve as mosquito breeding places.

7. Provide adequate drainage at wells and bathing areas. 8. Put a little oil or kerosene on the surface of water in small ponds

or pools which cannot be drained. The oil or kerosene will pre­vent the breathing of mosquito larvae and pupae which will die

5

through suffocation. Apply this as often as it rains because the kerosene may be washed away by the rains.

9. Poultry watering pans can act as a breeding ground. To avoid this, empty and wash pans once a week.

10. Screen windows and doors with a metal screen. 11 . Use mosquito netting in infested areas. For further prevention,

mend any tom area on the netting; avoid sleeping and touching the netting because it is possible for the mosquito to bite through the net.

12. For more effective control every one in the community should take to these precautions in getting rid of mosquitoes, isolated efforts at controlling mosquitoes will not be as effective as com­munal efforts.

13. Use insecticides. Adults mosquitoes in the house may be killed readily with aerosols and space sprays available in pressurised containers, e.g. Sheltox in liquid form is available and can be applied with household hand spray as a space spray. Also, Dichloros 1 OOOEC, as Nuvan, or Delvays Super could be used at the rate of 1 Oml of product to 40ml of water and sprayed like Sheltox. If any of these sprays is used in the kitchen or pantry, cooking and eating utensils, and food should be placed where they will not be contaminated .

.. . . . \

Figure 2. Household Hand Sprayer

6 . I

HOUSEFLY

Figure 3. Housefly (Musca Domestica)

Habits and Damages Houseflies live on almost any decaying matter. They feed on manure, garbage, human wastes. Houseflies infest households that are very dirty. They are a menace in the household and spread disease germs during their feeding exercise, their hairy bodies pick up the germs from waste materials, sores, excreta and other infested materials and deposit them on food that is exposed, dirty children and dirty working surface in the

kitchen. Flies spread typhoid fever and dysentery.

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Life-Cycle

Figure 4. The Housefly has four developmental stages. The female housefly lays eggs on manure, human excreta, or any de­caying food materials. The eggs hatch into tiny maggots which feed on these decaying matter and they grow into inactive forms called pupae (pupa if single). The pupae tum into adult flies.

Control To control the housefly, its breeding places must be destroyed. This is best achieved through cleanliness, the house and surroundings must be kept clean. The following are some of the simple measures for control­ling housefly infestation. 1. Dispose of animal wastes, human excreta, trash and garbage

properly and promptly.

2. Do not let garbage pile up in the house and backyard. Dispose of garbage at least once a week. Dispose off, bury or feed it to animals. Provide tight fitting covers for garbage containers.

3. Keep latrines clean and covered. Smoke out pit latrines regu­larly at least once in two weeks.

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4. Keep food in tightly covered containers. Keep cooking areas clean and tidy. Wash cooking utensils soon after use.

5. Use insecticides for destroying the flies. Fly catcher strips im­pregnated with an insecticide can be tied to the ceiling to catch flies . Pyrethroid chemical in aerosol cans can be sprayed to control the flies. In poultry pens and horse stables apply Thiodan 3 or 4% dust at the rate ofl5 to 25kg/ha (1.5 to 2 .5g/m2 area) using a hand duster. Also Dichloros 1 OOOEC as Nuvan, or Delphupar could be used at the rate of 1 Ornl to 40rnl water or 1 OOml to 5 litres of Sheltox.

6. Keep flies out of the house by using fly-proof netting on the doors and windows of the house, especiall~ in the kitchen.

7. 8.

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COCKROACHES

Figure 5. A Cockroach

Habits and Damages Cockroaches are another winged menace that can infest households. They develop in large numbers in a dirty and filthy environment. Cock­roaches like moist, warm and dark places. They move about the house­hold in the night and hide during the day. They hide in dark cracks, holes and comers of wall and household equipment. Cockroaches damage papers, clothes and contaminate and spoil food materials in the house. They also transmit dangerous germs and viruses from one person to another. Besides, they carry dirt and give unpleas­ant odours in cupboards, pantries and closets with their faeces .

Life-Cycle The female cockroach lays her eggs in out of way places, that is in the comers of cupboards, in a leathery capsule which she forms at the end of her body. Some females carry the capsules with them until the eggs

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hatch into nymphs (young ones) . The nymph undergo changes to reach mature adults. The adult is bright brown or dark brown except for the promotum, which is brownish yellow.

Control of Cockroaches Like the housefly, cleanliness is essential for the control of cockroaches. Thorough cleaning keeps away cockroaches from the house, especially the kitchen and pit latrines. Also keep to the following procedures: 1. Cover all food containers. 2. Keep the cooking areas and latrines clean and tidy. 3. To keep cockroaches out of houses, fill all cracks passing through

floors or walls, and cracks leading to spaces behind baseboards and door frames with putty or plastic wood. Pay special atten­tion to water pipes entering rooms.

4. Use insecticides to kill the invading cockroaches. For example, one match boxfull ofVetox 85WP per M2 area put on different spots in shelves, cupboards and wall cracks; Malathion 40% WP applied the same way as Vetox 85 area very effective in con­trolling cockroaches.

5. For the control of small stubborn cockroaches, use Dichloros 1 OOOES, either as Nuvan I OOOEC or Delvai, at the rate of25ml of product to 25ml of water or kerosene and spray every week at night.

ll

LlCE

•

Figure 6. A Louse

Habits and Damages There are three kinds of lice, the head lice, body lice and crab lice. Lice feed on human blood and typhus disease is transmitted by their bites. Their bites also cause itches and discomfort.

Head Lice: Live in the hair of the head. They lay small white eggs that

stick on to the hair and make it look nasty. They eggs hatch into small lice and eventually become adult lice when grown.

Control I. keep the hair clean by washing the hair with soap and water

often to help avoid inf~tation oflice.

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2. Avoid using other people's combs and hair brushes. If this is not possible, then always wash the comb and brush clean be­fore using them.

3. Use kerosene solution but sparingly to avoid burning the skin. Kerosene solution is usually 1-part of kerosene to parts of wa­ter.

4. Or use Vetox or Selvin 85 at the rate of 50g to 5 litres of water and spray or use to wash infested materials.

Body Lice They live at the seams and hems of do thing, unneatened seams of the garment provide a good hiding place for the lice.

Control 1. keep clothes clean, wash and boil infested garments and dry in

the sun. 2. Avoid keeping clean clothes with other infested clothes.

Crab Lice They live on the hairs of the body rather than clothing. Dirty untidy individuals are usually victims of infestation by the crab lice.

Contr·ol 1. Keep the body clean all the time by washing with soap and

clean water. 2. Always trim the hairs on the armpit, legs and in the public area

frequently. 3. Infested hairs can be treated by washing with warm water and

antiseptic soap. This treatment could be repeated twice weekly until hatched lice are gotten rid of Alternatively, hairs in the infested area can be shaved off completely.

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BEDBUG

Figure 7. A Bedbug

Habits and Damages Bedbugs are small, fl at bugs that live in dirty sleeping beds, mats and clothes. They hide in crevices in walls, floors, beds, sleeping mats and other furniture or in corners of pillows and in mosquito nets. Bedbug cotn•. \•.a t during the night and hide during the day. They bite victims and suck blood for their meal. Bedbugs cause discomfort with the bites. A female bedbug lays its eggs in cracks and crevices. The eggs hatch into young bedbugs. Evidence of bedbug infestation in a place, other than itching bites, are black or brown spots on surfaces where the bugs have been resting; these spots are digested blood. There is usually an

14

offensive odour in rooms where bedbugs are numerous. Bedbugs also soil bed lines and mattresses.

Control I . Bedrooms and beddings must always be kept neat and tidy. ;2. Air the bed and beddings out in the sunlight weekly. 3. Rub a little kerosene on bed fi·ame to keep away bedbugs, how­

ever, beware of fire hazard. 4. In an infested household, do the following:

wash all beddings and expose to the sun to dry. Wash the bed frames with hot water anddisinfectant, spray wi th insecticide such as Malathion 40%EC. Spray the crevices in walls, floors and other furniture in the room with Malathion 40%EC at the rate of2.5ml to Sml in 10 litres of water solution. Spray the crevices in walls, pillows, mattresses with 25ml of Dichlovos diluted in 25m! of water, every day for three to four days.

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Tick and Fleas: These are tiny insects that are found on dogs, cats, fowls and pigs. They infest people and animals and are important in the spread oftyphus diseases.

TICKS AND FLEAS

Habits and Damages The female flea lays its eggs on the pet. The eggs fall off and hatch in places where the pet spends most of its time. These places may include a chair, sofa, rug, carpet or the pet's bed. Larval fleas that hatch from the eggs develop to maturity in cracks in the floor and other hiding places. Adult fleas that result from the developing larvae can live sev­eral weeks without food . Fleas inflict painful, itchy bites, some species of fleas can transmit to man bubonic plague and other diseases, ticks which are brown are com­mon on dogs. After feeding on the dog, the female lays its eggs in

16

cracks and crevices, under carpets and rugs, upholstered furniture and behind baseboards. The eggs hatch into young ticks which eventually become adults. Each stage of each successive generation of ticks even­tually finds the dogs, feeds on his blood and drops off to seek hiding places in the home and keep the cycle going. Ticks presence at home is annoying and makes dog's life uncomfortable .

Conh·ol I. Do not allow infested animals to stray into the house. Provide

resting places for pet animals. 2. Ticks or fleas on pets can be destroyed by washing the pet with

soap, water and a disinfectant. 3. Keep tile house clean because ticks and fleas live in dust and

dirty surroundings. 4. Applying insecticide powder such as Malathion 40% WP or

V~tox. On the floor and in cracks where the pests breed at the rate of one match box full per M2 of treated area.

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-

SUGAR ANTS

, .

, J

Figure 9. Sugar Ants.

Habits and Damages Sugar ants invade anywhere there are food residues, particularly sug­ary food materials. They contaminate food materials and some species can damage old wooden structures by establishing their nests in the decaying woodwork.

Control l . Keep food in tightly covered containers. If possible keep the

containers in a fridge, cupboard or shelves. 2. Shelves and cupboar& where food is stored should always be

kept clean. 3. Inspect all packages of food for insects before storage. 4. Locate the ants' nests if possible. Ifthe nests are outdoor, seal

18

·-off cracks and openings into the house, through which the ants may be able to enter the house.

5. Use ofinsecticide: Apply Malathion 40EC at 45 cc in 9 litres of water to treat most places as a surface spray, using household hand spra~'er. For kitchen treatments, you may .apply the liquid with a small paintbrush that will place it exactly where you want it. Apply insecticide to surfaces over which the ants are crawl­ing in their line of march. Treat all cracks, openings or runways they may be using to enter the house. Remember to cover all food materials and keep them away from operation area.

I •

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.. -SPIDERS

Figure 10. Spiders

Habits and Damages Spiders make webs and live on neglected walls and corners of furni­ture. These webs collect dirt and dust. Spider webs make the house look untidy. Most spiders are relatively harmless to man but some spe­cies are dangerous particularly to children. Spider bites can cause con­vulsion or weakness, dizziness and nausea because the spider atfects nerve endings.

Control I . Keep t~e house clean by sweeping the walls and ceilings of the

house daily or weekly. 2. Use insecticide in infested areas like walls, ceilings and under

furniture in the house. Malathion 40EC at the rate recommended for the control of ants using household hand sprayer will be

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r ,-

..

ideal. Caution Spray with care because spray chemicals agitate some spiders which may drop down and attack the person doing the sprayinng .

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CLOTHES MOTH

Figure ll. Clothe Moth

Habits and Damages

. .. •, '..: \ .

Clothes· moths are insects whose immature stages (larvae) eat holes in woolen materials, rugs or upholstery. There are two species of clothes moths and adults ofboth species look very muck alike. Adults are yel­lowish or buff. Full grown larvae are white and have dark heads .

Control I. Use camphor balls (moth balls) to keep away moths from clothes.

2. Make ~ure that all clothing is clean before it is stored away; dirty clothes attract moths more than the clean ones.

3. Occasionally air clothes and upholstery in the sun. 4 . Store clothes in moth-proof containers as boxes with tight fit­

ting lids.

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.::

RATS and MICE

Figure 12. A Rat and Mouse

Habits and Damages Rats and mice produce their young one alive (viviparous). Rats are very prolific and their population increases rapidly within a short pe­riod . Premises arr: usually infested by a single pair of rats. They soon build up a colony. Rats produce four litters a year with about 6-12 young ones each time. Although, rats are omnivorous creatures; they do have specific food preferences. They are fond of grain products, potatoes, good vegeta­bles and quality fruits, animal products rich in protein such as meat , fish, offals, eggs, fat etc. Each day, rat eat an amount of food equal to 1/ 1 0'" of its body weight. Experts estimated that the annual losses from rat could amount to millions of money. Rats inflict enormous losses by

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destroying and damaging property and by consuming, spoiling and con­tamination of foodstuff. Rats are greatly hazardous to human and ani­mal health. They are carriers of infectious diseases such as plague; jaundice, typhus fever, dangerous, parasites like tape worms and thricinas. On its prawns, rats come into contact with and picks up the disease genns while roaming in filth and rubbish. The same rat may perhaps appear in the food or cattle stable and as such becomes the disease carrier. Rats attack and devour small domestic aninjal~ such as poultry and rabbits.

Control 1. Keep all food and stored grains in tight containers or enclosed

cupboards. 2 . Do not leave food scraps and garbage around because they

attract rats and mice. 3. Seal up all holes and cracks in the house through which rats and

mice enter with cement. 4. Use traps or keep cats to kill them. 5. Leave poisoned food baits for them to eat. This is, however,

dangerous because children and pets may eat the food . There­fore use with care.

Chronic Poisons Chronic poisons are multiple dose poisons because rats and rodents have to feed on the poison more than once in order to ingest lethal dose. These poisons include Racumin, Warfarin, Ratak, Ratilan, Tomorin etc.

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•

Table l : Recipe for Chronic Poisons

Ingredients !Party by weight Percentage

[/ A. Broken grains e.g maize, rice, g/corn etc. 16 8-5

0.5% Warfarin, or quick concentration (20ml) 2 15 Vegetable oil, 1 5 '

Wax or glycerine I 5 ' .

B. Broken grains, 0.5% 16 85 Warfarin or q>1ick . concentrate (20ml) 2 15 . Ground fish head 1 5 Wax or candle or

..

glycerine 1 5 . Remarks

~ Mix dry ingredient first, then add oil and then glycerine or wax.

Dosage: Place about l/4kilogramme of chronic poison bait on each station and renew it every 2-3days. Apply poison at the breeding pe­riod, that is just before the rain starts. Bait containers may be made of square cardboard, wax-coated containers or lockable bait box. See dia­grams below:

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.. Fumigants are acute poisons and a single feeding or gas inhalation is needed to kill the rats and mice. For example, phostoxin tablets can be used under air tight condition in warehouses and stores but not in resi­dential houses to control storage insect pests as well as rats and mice. Rate: 1 tablet ofphostoxin per 50kg of produce in cotton-lined plastic storage bag. The phostoxin tablet should be put in one sided perforated envelope and sealed up. The envelope should be put on top of the grain

in the bag. The bag is double folded and tied properly with a string.

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• •

WEEVILS

Grain Weevils - The grain weevils include the rice weevil (sitophilus oryzae) and the

maize weevil (sitophilus zeamais). Adults are about 5-8mm long and have a pronounced snout. The mouth parts are situated at the tip of the snout and the antenae are elbowed and clubbed. Infestation by s. oryzae and s. zeamais begins in the field when adults fly to ripening cereal grains such as sorghum, rice, maize and continues in the store.

Lifecycle Eggs are laid by the female in small holes drilled in the grain with the mouth parts. Larval and pupal stages are spent inside the grain and the adult emerges by eating its way out through the grain. Damage by sitophilus is by both the young and the adult . S. oryzae may live for up to 5 months whiles. zeamais lives for about two months.

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Control 1. Use insect-free bags, containers to store grains. 2. Sun or smoke infested grains. 3. Keep disinfested grains in air-tight containers. 4. Apply an insecticide such as:

1. Pirimphos methyl2% (Actellic 2% dust) in a sandwich treatment at the rate of 24/50kg of seeds, that is 1 big match boxfull of chemical per 50 kg of seeds.

n. Lindane dust applied at the rate of 1 OOkg/SOg of pro­duce.

111. Phostoxin tablets: Rate 1 tablet per SO kg air-tight bag of produce applied as indicated under fumigants . ..

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TERMITE

- Habit and Damages Termites are sometimes mistakenly called '~hite ants". They are dis­tinctly related to ants. They are social insects and they live in large colonies with elaborate nests up and below ground containing '~ork­ers, soldiers and the reproductive called the queen chamber.' ' Termites have biting mouth parts which enable them to cut grasses and other plant or wooden parts. They construct loose passage ways be­neath the earth or in the soil surface which enable them to work con­cealed by the light and sundry entries and at times surrounded by req­uisite humidity. Termites damage papers, clothes, ceiling boards, doors, carpets, wood, windows etc. The earth tube they produce on walls and floors of the bedrooms or sitting rooms often give clumpsy look to such accommodating areas .

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Control Tennites are difficult to control due to the intricate habits. Spraying earth tube is not enough, worse still spraying the mounds is not a good way to eliminate them. The queen and soldiers stay inside the mound and cannot be killed easily by only surface.

Application of Insecticide For effective insecticide control locate the mound, enlarge the shaft of the mound so that the solution of the insecticide can penetrate into the shaft reaching where the queen and soldiers live. Using a recommended insecticide make sure that the solution has reached the queen and the soldiers. Preferably use granular insecticides such as Furadan for treat­ment of home gardens or Lind em 20% for foundation lines. The major control measure is keeping the surroundings clean and tidy. Applying preventive measures on housing foundations using recom­mended chemicals. Fill all cracks on the floors and walls ofthe house. ~ Remove all earth tubes from the walls and floors of termite invaded areas.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Household pest infestation are generally caused by the poor sanitary practices which provide the pests with their two essential requirement, food and shelter. Insects and rodents are important in food destruction and spread of disease germs. To control these pests, remove easily accessible food and elimination of shelter are the most basic and important preventive measures which have the most lasting effect. Householders should always observe the following: • Keep home and surrounding clean • Adopt the use of insect -proof or mouse-proof facilities . • Keep all food in covered containers. • Feed garbage to animals or bum it. • Keep garbage in a covered container.

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:

•

• Destroy all breeding places of insects and other pests. • Bury or burn all sanitary and preventive measures have been

observed and infestation may still occur. When such occurs, use bait insecticide and fumigants as recommended.

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IIOll~f: IIOLD PE.H CON I"ROL CJID IICAI. ,\,~0 lf~E

Pes I 'lleatment Active u1gredJenl Fmnulation Dosage Use

M""'UJ'oes Phosloxin l'),·elluu• Bul!'lcide Oilba.scd 200ml-~ Remove cop from lhe aoosol conl:uner before spr>ymg

"""'e Super Raid Pyr<1hroid 01lb3>ed 200m).~ Clooedoorsand y,u\do\'5 before Rico sprayins C<>OJoadles Baygon Propular Otlbased 200mJ.~~ Make sure U1ere are sulliCtCJll cloud

ofSprl)'SIIIroom Ant Rambo AUcnlhm O!lhased 200mJ.mrri Op<n doors and .. ,nan .. , 30mmutes

Pennetlum afler spraymg Bedbugs 1\uvan Didllol\•01 O!lbased 200n~· .<con~ Apply as surface sprn)111~ on w:>lls

a:Wn~ cncks ere Spld::: Slandion FO>ilrodUOC\ Oil based 200n~-mnd ML\ EC With water herorc~appbcah<'ln

l')'buthm PYT<IIuin·pipcrony "rthhand Wasp Buloxide Sprt)' 01 motoriscd tpntycr

\\'o.."\-.JS MabUuon M:>laUlim F.C llcdlnJ!!S Rlllnbo Panrctluin Ott<\ Ipock Spou11delhe dusl "'all aock<. hal

CIC

Locc '"'"" Corbaryl Ott< I Ipock .. ~losqwtocs Maladuirn Mo.bduun EC 200ce Appl)' M sw face sp111)1118 mix

\~pona Dichlorvos EC i.n 4J Y1'3ler chenucal11.11h v.·a1eo Pow half gaD.

20011 ••2311 of\\ater into the sproyCI nnd mea-water ,,we thcclrcmical pour int~l the

sproyer and add wolcr lo make up lhe ,.ol..,•e roqwred

;:

Houseilies Mahduirn M:>laUuun EC I $u1IOOI1r -do-Nuvan Dichlorvos F.C Water

Anls l\'U\".111 Dlchlorvos EC I.S4m100llr .Jo. \V>ier

Cockroad1es Rlllnbo Pa111cthru• EC SOII"''Illcr -do-

Termites Diddrin Doddrin El' lltutlOOII Spr:>)' cracks, walls and all sus peeled

water pl>c:es where in.1e<:1• Jude licls l·lc:.t~ Rhoda >a de Ela...,.:t EC !-OOccm •tOOit For tcnmtes oonlr<'llocalcthc IIK'lUld

(lllctloon) "'3ter 01 lulls ofU1e lennilc

Rals:uod \\'Rrt."uin Warf:um Powdcr ~fi.'<WIIhjtr.llll!! ll<,oehl'leandpom poep>oed

\lice R:-•blm l'oumodoloo P~\\\Ucr ~·<'- 'lit"iultt'H C'fOicldrm a~ U muu:dm10

fr\.ler31 Boodof3COWn PcUcr !able u11he holes For tJclVUe.1j, prcp;trc

Plwslmon Aluminuim phosphale -do- RhodJocidesolubl'n ondspooy Ute afi'ocled anm•al NdJp U1ewwuol uol<' ptep:ued solution Be c:aR:ful ofU1e q es. nose and mouth ord1e animal

For r:u.slmioc prepare It h;ur preferably pieces offish IIILX \\ilh fr\.la:H or Ratilan and place at tl1c r31J

pamge Be Clfeful ~f chiden. de

Notr: EC • Emulsifiab le Control ULV ~ Ullrl Low Volwne (oil bMed chermcals)

Depl ofCt~p Pr01ec11on, lJ\RIABU. Sarnaru, lana

34