II •

From:Tn :

Sub j ect :

( ""la r ch 1 946 ) Kwe.j a lei n Di et .

: : :itery Government Of f i cer . \Senior Mili t e ry Government Of fi ce r "

IOp er a t Lcn s Cr0 8!'1T Oad s - Res€!t t l emet'l t of Bikini. Popul ati on .

Enc l osur e l!l : (A ) M.G. D. Memo. of 22 Eebr -uar- 1945 r e euppf t e e .( B) C. N.B. I t r . of 23 Febr-uar-y 946.( e ) M. G. a . Itr. of 23 F eol lr uary 1946 ,( D) M. G. D. ltr. of 6 Mar ch 1 946( E) Census Li a t . Bikini At ol l.

A. AS S I GNMEN1.

I n c or.nec tion wi t h Operati on " Cr- oe er -o de" , t he Milita r y Government Off icer\'las d i r e c t ed i n Febr ua r y t o procure ecu t e bj. e Rh i pUiflK e q u t pme n t a nd e e .te rta f e , a ndproceed to Bikini At oll, t Ake aboa rd the n"'t ve Marshell es p. pe r wcne reeidl~ i nt ha t area , t ORether ,,:1 th t he ir pe r ecned po e s ~ 88i on8 . end r emove t hem to e n a r eavner e t h ey v cuLd be sa f e f rom d i r ec t CIT cens hqu en bt a l. da mAp;e occe e rcned by t he

•expl osi on of a n a t omi c bomb . Th e li m1. t of p t enti a l dange r "'"8 3 defined by Ci nCPa cand ComJ.1arianas . The ac tua l r- e sc va; " ' B S t o e ef'r ec ted p r ior t o 15 March.

B. SELECTl ON OF f,Nd;.

1. A me et ir'lR' of the At oll Counc:il ....a s co nve ned , e nd t he pe op l e of Bikini 'Were

K'WajAb i n Dht.( March 19 46 )

of f i ci a l l y ad vi s ed of th~ i mp~rA ing mo ve and! Ofa 'W1l 1 1ngn~ 9 8 t o c o- ope rate wi th our Gcver-nm n tel e ven f amily heed s (aillps ) nine na med Rongerikr-eee t t I enen t ,

t he r e8Rons t heref or . Theyi n t he pr opos ed expe r imen t .Ato ll 88 t he i r f irs t cbct ce

tndtca t edOf the

r or t.he

2 . Rongt" r i k , Ii ltf'mt -ericl E! t oll i t , u . l:ol' U. t-n . l-ieT1;; be l1 @, FT f> lltor.hrl ,f't:~ r To1 For fI

of econo~ l c self-suf fi c i ency , and the fina l , e l~ ctlon YB S deferred unt i l oth er a r t"B8

c ould be exami ned . Coun s el 'Was s ought from Jei~ta Kabua of Ailln&laplap . Pp~amoun t

Chief who cla i~8 ownership of Bik ini and othe r ~ar8halle8e a tol ls i nc ludi~ tal' andUja e. As yoa wi l l recal l. the peopl e of L~ and Ujae indi ca t ed ~i l l l ngne 8 8 to acceptthe evacuees. ~rial end sea reconnaisBnce eliminated Ujae , howeve r , because ofnavigat i ona l and b@achi ng d i f f i cu l t i e s . I WP I f el t that Lae ~s t oo small an dits r esourc es t oo l i mit ed f or a pe r manen t re8et tle~ent inv~lvi ne 160 pers ons .

:3 . Exami na tion of Pn nP'~r ik At ~l l d Lac Lewed t he apparen t s ui tabil1 t y of ROI¥!: f'r i kI sl and, an a r ea r ourJhly t r i aneul a r in Sh8P~ with good tops oi l a nd a r el a t i vel y heavygr owth of coc onu ts , pand anu s , breadfru.i t and arrowroot. BeRchi~ fRcUi t t es l ooked'JRt1sfcctory a nd the r e ...'ere fe ..... unueue.I navigational ha ea rd s , Th p- app l'araDCe of thev~e tation i nd i cated An Average r a i nf all s ome~at p,r ea te r than Bt Bi ki ni . On thepdveu e s i de, the qual i ty of th e coco 1t s di di not e p pe a r h ig-h: the pot !'ntial copr ayield f r om Ronger i k I ~ 1Rnd could be @~timat~d as modes t at best . and the remaini ngi81and~ of th~ a t ol l looked unpromi8ir~ fr om this 8t nndp oint . I n add i t i on . t h~ out err eef ws s separatpd from Ro~~er l k Is l and by . uch a ~de expa nse of co ral t hat t he p r obl emof Rani t e.r y d i sposa l could be r!"g arded. 88 a c ent In utnz one .

(Mar ch 1946 ) Kwaj a1ein Dte t .,

I4 . tn view of the f avorable f acto r s $bov~, and of th~ d~s i re of the Bikini

p opula t i on to r emove i tsel f there , Rongerik lwRs sel ec t ed for the r eae t t l p-men t . Le j r weof Ail i ogla pl ap , Pa r amount chief of Ronger i~ , concurred in the propos a l to move theBikini pe opl e i nto the area over which he a s serts ownership.

c. PREPA.~ATI 0!fl!.

1. Suppli es and Equi pment. ,Supp ly de t ai l s wer e worked out wi th the assis tancp of the command ing officer

of the loca l C. E. M. un it . and the i tees s e tt out in Encl osu re (A) were pr epared f orthe rese t eLe me n t . Cp,r t a in addi t Lona L i t ems] wer-e e t r ong ly ur-ged , bu t the island e cmeend~as not I n c oncurr~nce . These i t ems we re a D-4 bu l l d oze r for mot i ve power on l and ,a ?-S conc r et e mi xe r , pl u s aggr egat e and heavy re inf orc i n~ f or the c isterns .

2 . L~g1stics. JLST 1108 was secured f or t he under taki ng and p l aced At t he operat ional di sposal

of Military Governmen t , a s indicated i n Enclo sure (B) . Thi s s hi p carried four LCVPs ,plus R cr ane . fo rk t r uck . and ot her l op,is tics facil it ies . In ad di tion t o the re~ular

shi ~p ~ ~m~1 em~nt and the r e se t tlement wor kinp D~r ty f ifteen lo~ist ics men f r om KWRj alein, -were a S 8 i ~ned t o Rssi st i n l oad ing and unl oad i ng .

3 . Divisi on of Responsibility . ,The Military ~vernment Offi cer ~a8 Rssigned by the At ol l Commande r F ft

of fic e r - i n-c har ge of the r eset tlement , with general di r ec t i ve contro l ove r the movement sof shippi ng and p er so nne l . He was charged wi t h t he f ol l ow:ng functi ons: pro~~rement

( Ma r ch 1946 ) X....Ajalein Dh t .

Iof ehl pplng . equ i pme nt. ma t er i al s and peraonrel ; engagem ent of na+lv p l~bor: enf orc ementof Mili tary ~overnment r~gulat l on 8 pertalni~ to na tive a re8S Rnd popul a t ions : coordlnatiora nd expedit i on of the operation ; effecting t h e res e t tl ement of the Bi ki ni popul a t i on i naccordance wi th Naval pol i cy . The chief Staff Of f i cer aB~med r esp ons i bi l i t y f or thea88e~b l i n~ of pr e f abr i ca t ed t ent f r ame s , a nd!for the fi eld cons t r uc t i on ~f cisternsand sa nitary faelltt leR . The di vi s i on of re . ponsibili ty Is ou t l ined in ~nclo8ure ( C) .

4 . ~~. II t wa s arranged that 88 much 8S possible of the ActUal r e s e t t l e ment work. ,

~ould be done by ~&1d ~~tlve l abor . A persua sivE r ea s on for thi s W8ft t o insure t ha tthe na t ive population woul d h&ve 8 9ubstanti 41 cash cr egj t t o carry t he c o~munltythrough t he di ff i cul t r eadjust ment pe ri od. ~ n addition it va. de s i r ed t o pr ov id ebasic food supplies during the initial r ese t t l em ~n t peri od . and t hi s FAy legallybe done unde r the-Native Labor Di r ec t i ve Me r . hall I 81end~ of 1 June 1945 . in eases~her e r ec i pient a are eivi lian employees of t ~e Navy . Morever . it was f elt that i ne lusi onof ~~et of the evacuees on the payrol l Yould ~r~i t the exerei se of mor e direc tsuperv~8; on ove r thei r y ork dur i ng t h e reset llement . The Mili tary Gover~Offi cer ,therefore, wae authorized by t he At ol l C ~mma drler t o empl oy su eh native Blki ni l &bor8 S might seem i ndieated. fo r ~ period up t d a mont h . in ac cordance with t he termsof the af or sAid di reetive . He ~ps-author i z e~ t o appf y a br oad i n te r preta tion t othe di r ee ti ve in vi ew of th e f ee t t hat the r ! ettlemen t wes t , be u ndertaken i n t heinte r es t s ~ f the Uni t ed States .

1. Load ing of t he LST 1108 was comple t ed t he n ~ht of 23 February 1946, a nd

( Mar ch 1946) K....a j ale i n D18t .

the shi p go t und~rway a t 0600 t he fol l ov ing ~rni nP, . I n pull i~ away fr om the H. O.B.Pl er . K~~ja lp. l n . minor d~age to t he fo r~8 rd 8tarboa r d davi t ~8S ftut a l ned and oneLCVP ....88 dr opped . l eav ing t hree aboa rd . At Q?OO 25 Febr UBry Bi ki ni Ato l l wa B reached .The 1ST ti ed- u p a l ongd d e the U. S. S. Sumner. (Jtydr og r apbl c su rvey "hip , a t 0800.

2 . The poepl e of Bikini had been requ~ sted to pr ovi de ~ n Rdvence work ing par tyof 20-26 men a t t hi s t i me. t o proceed to Ron~er i K .... i th the shi p an d pr ovi de shel ter sf or the peo pl e ....he n t hp a c tual re ftett l e men t ~r0pld oc cur . Thro~h t he r egul RT channel sof Marshalles € a t ol l or gani zat ion , i t had a I , 0 bee n asked that p pn danu s t h8tch ~ng f ort he new vill age be pr ef a br i ca ted . and t ha t t~~ Bi kini chur ch And c ommunity hous e bedlB~ntled for r~moval t o Ronge r ik. A m@@t i ng of the At ol l counci l ya s h~ld againon 25 Febr~ary , an d th~ re g~t tl ement p ro~rRm pu t l i ned i n de t a i l . 22 ~en agr eed t o1';0 as an advance Yorki n.~-par ty . a ni a t entative date f or the re"'f"t tl '!'men~ ."ss get .The r eque ~ted prefAbrlca ti ~n ~nd di Bman tl i~ ~ been accomol iRhed . Wi th the ass istanceof a small C.B . r eset t1Pment detachment . t he ~i s~ntl p-d uni t s ."ere marke d . a nd t he menand mate rial s "'e r e then l oa ded ab oard t he LST.

I3 . At 1830 t he LST got unde r way for Ronger lk. a r r i vi ng off the I sland a t 1000

26 February . Men a nd equtpment 'W ere I endea If' LCVP. Early in thf'! e.r ternccn , at hight i de . s n a ttempt 'WRB ~8de t o beach t he 1ST, ~ut 9he ~as unable t o a pproach to c l oserthan 150 feet f r om shore. Lif e r af t s ~ere l~shed t oge t her t o form a t empor ary pon toonbri dge. a nd with the he lp of the 1evp s un l oad ing be~an t hroup)l the bow r a mp . At thist i me the LeI a80 . ~hi ch had r e tracted from t he beach t o ade it t he LST. ti ed up al ong side .The LeI was t aki ng a bOArd surplus c oconu t se li l lnes f or r efor estat i on a t Kwaj el eln.

(MArch 1946 ) K'WBj ale1n Die t .

. I4. The wo r k of cl~aring and erec tln~ pre- f abr icat ed tent f rames pr oceeded on

t he beach 8 imultane ou~ ly wi th t hP unl oad ing of t he 8hip . The la t t e r oper a tion , do nea l mos t ent i r ely by hand and with men ~orkin~ ~n the water mor e than hel! t he t i~e .required f i ve days . I t wa s d i sc over ed tha t inloadi ng at K¥s j el e i n, much ce~ent hadbe en damaged bey ond u se and le s ser damage 8u8 ~aine d by aome of t he pr e- fabr i ca t edunite . ,

5 . The LST was not f l r r.ly bea ched bu t ~a~ r esting on a ba r of sand a midsh i psri s i ng to s t arboard . Ti ed t o her por t si de , ofr which was a l arge ex posed san d bar,t he LeI exerted a s t r ong l a t e r a l pull . At high ti de on 27 February, with littl ewar ning , t he LST swung s harp l y to por t and pul l ed off the beach. The LeI sli ppedoff into the stream . At thp. sam e time , the LgTlg s tern anchor cable became f o~ledon the starboa rd screw, and t he shi p , swingi helples sly , co uld not ge t under~ay

un t il i t ...'a s cleared . At this ti me , the por t tec r-e ...' struck a cor a l heed a nd sustaineddamage s which possibly extended t o the s ha f t . educ i ne t he speed an d maneuve r abilityof the ship dur i ng t he rem~inder of t he operation . No further dama~e was done , ho~ever ,

and a second beaching effor t br o~ht the shi p rOwi th in 100 feet of shore. On eachda y t hereaf t er , a t h igh t i de , the ship ga i ned a pproximately t wen t y-f i ve f eet unti l

•she ~a8 fi r mly be8ched a nd s ecured t o s t arboa rd and por t .

I6. There wer e no inj uries and only one i llness dur ing t h e en tire per i od of

the re ~ et tl pmen t . On 4 Ma r ch , Josep, a Marshallese memb er of the advance workingpa r ty a t Ror~erik . dev~loped s evere abdo minal pa in s ~hich perei s t ed through out the nigh~No doc t or wa~ ~vB i lebl e . Pul se and res pirati on wer e hi gh but there wa s n o f ev pr or

I

(March 19 46) Kwaj al ein DiRt .

apparent abdom ir~l r i gi d i t y. Howe ver, i n Vi e~Of the pera i ~ tenc e a nd l oca t i on of thepa i ns , ice packs ~ere r e s or t ed to and evacua t i n by PBM reco~m~nded . The pat l . nt ~a.

exa . i ned a t Biki ni by th~ medi cal of f i cer of e Sumne r , and l a t er r emovpd to Bas e,Hospita l ~21. His illnes s pr oved to be mi nor i n cr~rac ter , and h e re sumed wo r k a tRongerik before t he end of the ope r a ti on. I

7 . The es sentia l c ons t r uc tion being c ompl et ed . t he re Ret tlp.ment par t y depa r t edRonger i k a t 1700 5 March . l eav i ng beh i nd a sk et e t on working f or ce of six seamen(five f r m the C. B. un it ) ~ nd f ive MarshB lle s ~ . I t wa s the f unc t ion of the workingf or ce t o ~pply CAnva s t o the t en t f r ames and 0 s e t up the pr ef abr i csted ci s t e rnfo r ms . The canva s " '81' l ater t o be r emoved by the vil l agers and t ha tching subs ti t u t ed .

8 . At 0700 6 March LST 1108 entered th1pi l ot ing as si s t ance fr om t he execut ive of fi ce ton Biki ni I sl and.

pa s s a t Biki ni . an d at 0800 . withof t he $umner, ve s f i r ml y beached-

9 . Repr es entat ives of the sever a l ne~s p~encie8. newsreel compan i e s , a r.dNavy publ i c r e lation~ were engaged in rec ord i~ t he l ast day~ of t h e popul a t i onon Bikini . Par t i cul a r a t tent ion wa s pai d t o th e re enactmen t ~f the Atol l Command er ' sandreR s t o t he peopl e . I t was l a te mor n i ng befor e t he Mi l i tary Government Offi cerwoul d mee t with the Atol l Counc i l and i s sue i nstruc t i ons fo r the evacua ti on. Somel oading wa 3 ac compl i shed i n the af t ernoon , bu t t he publicity r equir ements r ece i vedpri ori ty and it wa. not po• • ib le t o leo.e on ihe a f t e r noon tide .

(Mar ch 1946) K~aje 1 @ i n Di e t .

10 . In e~t lclpatl on of t he l oRdi nr., the /Mi l itary ~overnmen t Off i ce r hed, me.ouredoff th~ t an k d~er pnd i nd i e8t~d i n blue ehalk th- eppce tQ be occupied by the r e s pec t i vef amilies . The n2~~ of each ~~ ~~ pQ Rt ed on lthe bulkheed s bove th~ spRce as sir-nedt o hi s f amily group. A t hree-f oot p8s .Rge~BY vas pre@~r ved do~~ the cen t er of thedeck . Spnitary f~ci1 itie 8 ~er~ erect~ on t he lmai n d~ck Bnd 1 nc1 o R~ in a c~va8

c ov er ed vo oden f remevork . Arr s ngeme n t 9 ~ere made t o lo~er the truc~ r amp 8 8 800n,8 8 l oa di ng should be c omplptPd , 80 t hat eaRy eace e~ co uld be had to the mai n deck .,Th~ . h ip' . ga l ley ~a8 i ns truc ted to pr epare t~~ me81~ en r ou t e fr ~m Mil itary ~v~rnment

s t or es .aboard . Water ~~ mede avai labl e ~n th ~ tank deck .

11. The Mi lita ry Government Off i cer had r epared 8 set of Marehall eae i nstr uc t I onsfor mim@o~aphinp, and di9 t r i bu t ion t o thp pe opl e . He de t er mi ned on t he ~r ound . ho~ever .

t hat oral i nA t ruc ti ~ n 8 would be pr ef er a b1p , a~ de t a i l ed advi c e was iSlued concerni ngt he pr oc edu r es t o be fo ll o~ed duri~ the evacuat ion , the dura t i on of t he vOYRge , saf e t ymea sure s , and ot her per t i nen t matterp . This ~qvice ~aR sc rupu lous l y foll o~ed duringthe j our ney . HouReh ol d and per RonEI gear ~8S Jt o~ed in the na r k ed off arpae , andfa mily gr oups di lpos ed themselv~s nesrey . The IO~r~ tion Y8~ unm~rkrd by confus ionof any k i nd .

12 . Enforcement of Mi l i t ary Gov~rnmen t egulations devol ved upon the MilitaryGovernmer.t Officer , under hi l l et t er of 8uthor~ty . On th@ Mor nt nP. ~f 6 March , therefore,the letter se t out under Enc losure (D) ~as t ranRmitted t o the Comma nd ing Officer oft he LST 1100 , with e c opy t o th e Sumner. Onl y lone mi nor d i scipl i nar y problem inconr.ect i on there~i th a r ose 8ub~equently , a nd tliis waR wi t hout c onseque nc e .

I

( ~[a rch 1946 ) Kwa j a ! ein Di e t .

13. The p e o-pl e of Biki n i , i dentified 1 Enc l osur e (E ) herewi t h , d epar t edt he i r a ncestral i sland a t 1700 7 Mar etl. They lhad been wa r ned of po s s i ble r oueh ~eathe rahead , a nd ....ere r esigned to an un c onfcr-t.a bLe ~hoUf')1 short VOYaP,P.. A meal ...·IiS s er vedshor t ly a f t er t he retract i on f r om t he b each. fnd when i t was da rk a mo t i on pi c t ur e" a s 8 ho~,'n on the deck . Gua r ds ..-e r e p ee ted t h r ough ou t the ni gh t t o i n s ure t he pr Lvecyof the pe e s enge r- s , ....ho pr e f e r r ed thei r s l eepi M mats t o the ca nvas c ots t hat ....e r ecar r i ed a bo a rd . The- pas sage \I(&S uneven t r uk , ~houg'h at app r oximatel y 0130 8 Ma r cha g r e en fl a r e as fl i ghted of f the po r t. b ow, r~e unde t er-m f ned , and ....ha t appear edt o be a stead y hite liMt at ....a t e r Leve I ....a s l s een fo r a brief time t h ereaf t er. Thoughthe s h i p ch an g ed cour ~e a nd exa mined t h e area by s earchl i~ft t . n ~ fu r ther ac t i vity\o.'a 8 no t ed , and t he i nc i dent r emain s une xpke I n ed ,

I14 . T\oienty- si x stru c t u r es h ad be en ccmpke t ed at Rcnger-Lk , t he flame number of

d .....e lling un i ts occupi ed a t Bi k i ni , ou t. the se bed no t y e t been a l l oc ated t o the re spec t ivefami l y g r oups . Af t e r d i scus s i on ..... i th membera lof t h e At ol l Cou nc il enrou t e. theMili t ary Gcv er nmen t, Offi c e r requested that t h e a llocati on be made ty J ud a . the Magistr a t e .As t he sh i p app r oach ed Rong e r i k I s I s n c. • t h eref ore, J uda .....a s put ashore i n a s mall bo a t .and a s sig nmen t of t he var i ous d~e lll~ units rags peed ily made .

15. The LST 11 0 8 r eached a poa t t t on of f Rone er-t k LeLen d a t 1000 8 l·larch .The ti de 'WS E 10.... find sh", l ey off un t il 17 00 , i:!.t vh t ch t b e a succ essf ul beaching

Iope r a ti on ""as ec cempf t ehed , Taki ng t he ir s l etepi ng mats and 'Persona l p ea r , thefami l ies d i sposed the"se l ve s i n the i r ne . qUilter s . i th out delay.

(Karch 1946) I.vajal.ln Diat.

16. OIl 9 Karch anoth.r •••tlog of t J . Atoll Council wa . h.l~ and • " ork~«re. out l i ned f or the .11lecere. !he tnltt~l re~etton of tbe pe ople t o theirDew hom. vee one of ..t l.fac tion without .nthu.l.... In 80a. quartera there wa.s f.eling of dispiritednes. , and tbi _ va. nqt 88. 117 di • • i pated. Dur~~, seconddq. tb~ f'hlp va. unlQ&4ed. lncl udtag the tUte-en outri gger canoe. which bJiod been,carried a. deck cargo. York OD the chtern. vent 'brhk17 f onoe.rd. bu t tber. va.acme d.1a7 before clearlcg of tbe ar ea and construction of coral sand patbW878 couldbe etfected . null7, after di screet urgicC. the enUre Tille.. turnEd. t o thh l atter' ••k . Lone fU n of vceen, dnc1l1f: . 'We nll build a 'better land then our ol d on.at Ilkinl ' . carried tbi. york: on t o c~mpletton ••veral daye later .

I17. In addition to the tent .tructuree and cl.t.rn~••tx beRd. ~r. erected

OIl the 181&nd , ~r"8.neD.\ in chapp,ct,r and c Omplet.el7 aer f'l fl!Ded. JlendiEl« c cmpleUonat the chhrn l . 300 gallon. cann a vater u Ak...ere ee \ up OD thl ~each and fille dI ro. t he LSt. Balazone t.rea t~en t we. applied \0 the wat.er therein. aa it lat er ya lt.o the c i ltern l , and the Mar.hall.....ere i n. tru~~ i n i t . applicaticD. In a . er ie.ot t ormal dlacunion. , the Mlli tar'7 GoTernMnt Of fi cer adri aed the slapa on p!lt lt cheal th 8Ild tro i=icel IU ni t s U en. 'Ole gem tbe0r'7 had neTer \efere \eell. explained t ot hem, ~4 the7 were unaware ofthe relat i on.hip bet...een f il tb. flies. and di seas• •!haT vere inatruct.ed t o di spoa. ot all de'rla i n tbe Tl1 le«8 and t o ma intain . c8••el.,.'Vigil &cain et fliel . whi cb appeared t o 8xi., i n on17 limlt..d numbers on Rongerik.JA a re.ult of beP.yY DDT applicat i on. enrou'a fro. Bi kini . i t i . DelleTed that t evif An1' tll• • trOl1 t.bat ar•• haTe aun"lTed. I' ev fi7 trap. vere distributed 8Dd put.in t o oper p. t ion . In cone.quence ot tbe mekaur•• teken. sani t a ti on lepro••d «reatlTat Bongerik, aDd was malnt .lned at & high l'Tel f or tbe durat i on ot the operati on.

\

(March 1946) I:waJale1n Dht.

I18. Storee aufficient t o laet the ~lla«er. for maQT weeks vere landed, .tacked

on l oading pallet- and laahe4. down nth brpaullDe. IncludeS. ",.r. J: rati on., t c- ra- eeerationa, _tew. chill, ttnned aeat. of T8rlc~~ kinde, and .uCh atapl•••e rice , flour,auge.r. ev~porated .11k. c off ee &lld t .ee, Onel.tructura 'WaS set aside a e a etcr-e , or.dthi. wa. w pr l1 ed frcw T.I1. 1.CI ,.ltr_U .S.C.C. ~rG(\ f' gc cde, All t h o t coke end St.lr~llO"

u.hrlw.. included In the operaUon were alaO presented to the Marshall... f or theirfuture us. In better e.tablishing th.eelTe.: .8Dd • radio receiver p.olin. «eneratorvere aupplied them Yith the coapllaente ot the coamand.

19. :Each Sund8T durlDg' the operatl OIl! the Marsha ll••• a t Rongerlk c onducteddl..-1118 ••r-de•• in 8Jl laproYhed church area l•• t orf wUh pal_ trond. and tlqyera •.1.\ 080 0 Sund8:7 10 Mareh, In a aolem1 cerelll.CJn7 attecded ty ell the VllhCflT£:. t he Aaer l ceAenaign vaa raised f OT the flra" U.e oyer I.o~rik aDd tlo"rn fro. a gatt luhed to.coconut tr.e. It 'Waa rahed aDd 10,,·.re4 with aiUt&ry puncUUou8Ileea da117 \hereathrb7 the islanders. I

20. Construction on the ieland was e.aentially finlahed ~ 17 March. 7illin«of the cisterns was under Ya7 ~en mlnor strUctural weakness•• aanlfasted themsel ves ,nece88itating addltional .upplles ot cement . I Difficultie. ot transport fro. lwaJaletn4el~ed final completion of the project until 24 M8rch. at w.b1ch t1me LSf 1108 returned

to her \a.e, the re.ettlement trOll Uk1nl acr·Pl1:~e: : MZAIm

(March 1946)

_1.oure (B)

Co.maDder laTa! !ale.C. O. LST 1108.

~_jaleln Dht.

23 February 1946

SubJect,

1. When loaded aDd US 7011 will get underW-7 at dS7brellk on the morning of 247e~lUIl.J7 1946 and proceed t o :ltkinl t.lud In :c oElllec tlon with Mll1h.,ry Gc.ermaentIlattera. Upon c(JIple ti o:n of duty at l!1kin i A ' 1 1 you w111 pr-oceed t o ROIJ€er i k lalr.nd.

r . Such .en loe. lind du t y e ll is r -equt r-ed q::' :rcur · vurd ,.1.1=. be in ecccrdence '"..1 thie.tructions i. sued b.7 Lt. I. C. KIJD~ r8pre.~tl~ Millt2r7 GoTernment. It vill ~e

nee,,,uT for 7ou. t o lleach TOur craft at 111dl11 atld Jlongerlk Ida.Dd, dependi ng uponsuch po.albil1t, vith due conaideratlon being ciTen t o the aaretr of TOur &hlp.

I3. Upon the c ClIipleU on of t his du t)" 6r.d "'hen di r ec t ed br Lt. Ml1DE returr.. t o

~vajale1n aDd report to Coamender laTal Jaa. f or further order••

lei J. L L.UlIEIl Jr.J . j,., Lanier ,COmlElnder . 8,,81 Jale;

Jol,eJg

(March 1 946)

...,loouro ( e)

XwaJale tn Di et•

23 'e\ruar,r 1946

"'om I'1'0 :

Militar,y Government Off i ce rAtoll Ca.-aDder . IwaJaletn

Tlal Senior Ml11t~r.r Gover nment Oftice , Kar.hal l l eland.I

SubJ I Operation ·Croesroads- ~ a ••• ttlement of »atlve Populati onI .

1. In cODJtec\l on with Operati on "Oro.aroade", the 1U11t8%7 Government Officer has\.en directed to procure auitable ahlpplng , equip••nt and materi al s, ~nd proceed t o:Bi k i ni Atoll , take aboard the Dative MarabDI J.'e s e per s ons r esidi r-€ i n tJ lfl t fix-ell , t q:;e t her,"'lth their persCMl pc s se s e t on a , lind r e mov e tl~t' :rJ t o RCllg <:rl k h l r;nd i n Rone;er i k Atol::'.There a native Tillage 1. to be constructed, ct.terna ~11t and water pro~d.d , andthe communtt7 placed, 80 tar ae po• • t bl c , en,s eelf- suatalnlng bh81e.

2. On the baal. of discu8.lona with .embers of your ateft , and in order tha tr.apondbllU7 t or operaUone in the f'1 el d be cl ee r ly der ined , the MUit~.rr ao'Yer l1l1en tOff i cer rsepecttull1 8ubmite the f ollowing pOinte repreeent ing hie understanding atthi. time ot t he divi sion of re~onslb i l i ty t ar the !ikini r esettlement :

a . The Mll1ta17 ao'YerD.II.ent Officer i . lto be r ..p on sib1e f or t he p rocur-ement() f 6hipp l r.g, eG.u1}:icen t (11'00 motiv e pcver sI-' 1 clfiC1'1~y excIuded }, »e t er-te t e , Po ndp~r~GL:El, End f er the generAl logi8ttc8 of the operation up to the landing potn\at Rongerlk 18l&nd.

(March 1946) I:Yajele1n Dht.

I\. !be Ml11tBZy GoTernment Officer vill exereie. general directl • • contr~ l

cu r the movemEnts of eh1 pr;lne r.nd p~r $ or.::.E:1 . r nd ..111 be r u :.c cT.Ei 'tle f or t-f~Ec c t i r.f;

t he rH6t.t~ U~(;r. t of the !llkin! populati on In accord-uee with layal pollC7.c. !he Ml11t~r7 GoYernment Officer will enforce Ml11~ GoTeraeeni retulatlone

perte.1nlD« to :Il.l:-th. are•• and populaUozu, aD! will haT. the exclusive r e spon '3ib i li toyef carr,rln« on all negotlatl ena with the netlve Marahallese org£nl zatl on. In thi .connection. he viII tn hi. di screti on e~~l oy .uch DR il• • idklnl l abor ae ~ 8eemIDdlCl' t ed. for ~ period up t o one IIOD.tb. In accordPlle. with th. tenl of the .aU••J,a)or DirecUy. Mar_hall hl!nd. of 1 June 1945. Be viII be author ized t o apply Q

br e ed Interpr etF- t i on t o il. to Erid d l r ecti'\-€ i i-. vie...· c. ~ U.e f l c t U~( · t tl.t'rui: t t:: ::"t: lt eLtf r ell: D lkl r.~ t o IloI:€~rlk is l> E'lr.g uzd er t eken l L to l.!: ~L. t. e r£d s ,- r.d r or the c :':::H!:.i;:"cecf thu ~nl ~ed Stat~s .

~ . ~he Kl1i t ery Gover Tdnen t Gf! ic er ~ill ~er~ck6 t o cc crdlr.r t ~ t ~d e~edl t e

the operati on eo far aa mer be practiCAble within the limitation. of equlpaeni andperllormel which hfl:Ye been iaposed. ,

e. !he Chief stair Officer will undertake and will heve complete reaponetbilttrfor the clearing of peihw~78 end the vil l nge lai t e . ~nd f or the actual field conltructi onof building., chtern s , Sf'nitrlry fRcl !. it~e e and IlUCL. ot he r' i n s tlill flt1 011 'l! be mty be .lzdic~ted in t he ci ~cums trnceg . The Xlll t erJ GoverrJ,Er.t Off i c er ~ 1 1! htve no c~ struc~l on

reaponal\llitl.e, th~ he will re tain an over all y adviaor,r authorit7 with relpectt o mat t er s not under hi s i cmcdl a t e sur t r vi 81on, and wil l cake avp~ leble t he e~eri enee

of M111~8rJ Government in prior evelu~tt on ~ &nd r~ eet t l emen t8 .

t h e3. In ~he light of t he fcr egol r.g ot.ervEit!. ous. it. is r8~cifu1 1)'" r e l;u e s t edM11it&rr a-v.rn.en~ Of f i cer be deltcnated\a. fi eld otflcer-in.ehar«e of the

(March 1946) I:we.jaleln mat .

re ••~tle~ent , aDd tha t he be gl van ! u l l bu th r1ty tv enfor ce l. ~l kl l i t r. r,y Governaentr egulations pe rtalll1a.g t o Dlitiv e areas find. popnl ~.t1 on. during the period neces sary,for the re ••ttl•••nt end tor the indica ted ptrlod t~reefter .,

4. In the .boY, c onnec tlon , it. 1_ rel;,uE: s ~ ed t lJbt Elkinl Iol uld 00 fo.f!iTl\t. t h el yde signated aa ot t 11.1t. to a l l .erTle. perloanel and DOD-Marahall••• civi l ians untilthe l a.' ot the J:lIl. t1",•• ba.... been removed t~re!roJfl und Ule 1s1l:.nd c eases t o 1.", II neU va&TeL , t.nd f cr t}:.e T. ~L;:. t . ,,",ith t he i nit: to. tiL of tJ.E' r€ S( t U ..,.,H.t p-oJ €:c t. lior.gerl kAtoll te co nddered t o b£'Ye SI tn:.med t he chuBcte r of " nrth e er er, n .li t o 'be d c:.i :f;r l yot t 11 11.1 t s . I

5. In order thot proper coc tr ol of ~'Ye~nts within tL€ r e l f ect l ve 6rE:~ 6 ~ t erEintclned. ~~ ~uthor1zed perso~. €:1~lud~ . it i s reque s t~ thbt all perscns purport~ng

~ o te OL of~l c ih1 tusine8~ be r€~u1red t o serk ~nc cbt~ ln ~rml ti ~ l c~ ! r cm t hE ~111 ~~ r.1

GO'HrnJtf n t C1'!'1cer be~crE lntd1r.g in e.~ of t he ne t.Iv e e.I'EU . l %:.d ~ut tLQ- 1:1: 'l.l"Tned~&ldJ:..t t n dir-l; dir f:cUy ,"'Hh t Le 1}l'~ iv E 8 c ~ ct!' !J-~rt: ~" E.J fT. ;r tl.~r.c ,,: vkue tc ~l:elccal populati on without erpliclt per.l .,lon theretor.

/ ./ II. C. MlADIM11i tar,r GoYer~ent Officer

(Ilarch 11146 )

1ll0100ur e ( D)

I ....Jal.1n D10t .

6 Ilarch 1946.

Fro&1!rD1

kll U s1'7 GCY er llttoen t Of!1 coer .Co.._~ Offi cer LSf 11C8 .

SubJ ec t l J 1kinl Re•• t tl.ment - Mi11t 8r7 Gover~e~t Bbguletl ons .I

1. During th~ t rsnsfe r of t he ~E. tiv e FOpulc t i o~ fr c~ 21kl~1 l alnnd t o LST 1108,the leland will continue in the . t.tue of a nattTe are~ aDd ~ll reaal n or ! 11~lt 8

t o ell .ervle. per~onr.el . t

2'. On the return of 7 0ur ah lp t o :RotlgerU: At ol l, Bor.geri k Is lt:nd \iill eeeume t.he8tl<.t\OS of f:. n f the E.rE:E. Hl.U \ioll:!. be s 101: I.r 1:r o!~ l1t;1te. thc~ it 10 EJ1ticit:c·t edt~. t other De8rb: l eland, will b. 8T611abl . t or recr.ational purpo••••

I3. In addi tion to the f oregoi ng the f ol l Oine Mi l i t EI7 ~Tern£c~t r~~l&tl cns.

bj' crder cf t he Atol l Cct .tt.E.nder . c cr. t i r..l:..E In ' E'f~E' ct :

(1) ':he n • ..-1 11 be n o '&Ll!.("Cf;B t"6.%7 cC rrJr.u::.le£ t ~ cr. "."1t h ~he ~"' ~ l v 1"' S rnd t o ~: ttCL l l

~ o ~olE s t t Lf ~ 1n LLy ~~y ~hs t f cEV€r . \

(:-) El'r t t' r i I16 of liLY kir..d "tth t .l.e nrtiiV E }~r sh::. ll e r, {:' i s f or b idden . .Al l purch u umust be e::ri'ec t ed thr o·.:.g..l:. of ! l cinl channek a , \

( ~ ) I e f rt lcl e of ecenc~lc v6:ue ~~ a t t e c&r r1ed a"c y fro~ Any ~1 t ive sre~ .

\

(Ilor ch 1946 ) i:~:l' j e le1n Dh t .

\~. Cooperati on of all • • rvlce per~cDL£l i . sol i ci t ed i n ob8ervl T~ t h@ f(~ €go1tg

regul~ tl cn ~ . ~~ re ~Ettl £~e~ t cf th~ ~lk lr.i pcrul~tl (r. t~ 8 ~1 1cl t ~u c~ r tL1L ~~~llc

~ &hres t becr uee of U.f' UL\i£u l c rrccee t ence ~.i ch Lee I ralueec, it . 'l}-.t' CI€ TrU. cL L ~~·

~ .aid t o h£v e pol1t lcbl l~pllcLt l ~r.~ ~: ~ &Ufr~-na\ l onal eh£rac t er . r~d it I s deGlr£~

tt~_t i t be ~ceo~~118hed ~lthcut Ln!cr t~r t~ ir.ci d~r. t s ~f E~ kl Ld. Succ£ ££ful I Lr t i cl }L­ti er. i n t he oper-e ticn s l. c.uld 't e e. sour-ce 0: f: r ti £i"F-ctl cL t o };z;.H :l I:e r s cr.=. tl •

•E.. It is r -equ e et.ed \bat 70U publh h to el l henda the c cn t .e n t.e of U.1 p. c cccurd ca .tf cn ,

/./ Il. C. IlUDII . C. Meade

Mil1tar,y Qo~ 't Offlcer aDdOffl cer- i n- ehu« e t Jill D1Be••"l••ent OperAt i on.

cc t C. O. U.S. S. ~er . Bikini .

Iva.1aleln Dh t .( llP.rch 1946 )

J:Dcloour. ( ll ) Imnr~~SUS klj;'!

IJ.u~A OWA, p.,....rcunt ChI.f (At Ail1ngl cpalep )

~~;.,~~~~~~~.~ - - - - _. - - - - - - - ~tiS-:- - - - - - - - - - - - _ .. - - - - _.1 . LCXIAll 7 . JOI!JI'J12. JOXDJIJ B. JIPJJ3. JAnO 9. LAlJO .4 . JOSEI' 10. JUDA6. Iil:WOJ 11 . J.l.TlL

.IoU.54

436

9427

313

16

SoxII1II1rIIIIrI!1

~-~~ -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 0g AJi'S FAMILY . JADQ'S WIlLI~ .6£L. IAa

M 75 1. "TA!EO1 14 2. AMBlII 27 3. AllDIlEWP 16 4. AlllJXOII 34 6 . AllUIli1 3 6. ENJIII 47 7 . JAlIllOr 10 B. JEBORAr 16 9. JEIWlALI Ar 22 10. J IU

k!!.1. LOXIAllr, BI3 . LAlBOIL4. JJD6. J.l.SUA6. JI~.AJ:O

7 . JOJ:LB. JOIllll9. JOSE

10. LOTA

(liarch 1946 ) rvaJel ei n Di et .

'ame m Aa IY!!. m AD11. 1IDIll: r 30 11 . JUn'A II 2812.lIEIAlJ1l r 46 12 . KILO. II 3813. Jl):IK.mO r 7 13. IOTHA r ~

U ••(I[OO II 8 14. La U A r 8118.BIDA r 28 15 . LIIIIIIIIlOK r 1118 .IllJJILA r 28 16. LIIlOX r 2217 .B.U! r 4Ii 17. HI r 1118. TI II 10 18. IIEJP r 7219. TIA r 19 1~. rollA r 22

,/J OKDlW ' B F&ULl 20. KELEl' II 331 . JOI'DBIJ II 64 21. JOIPI:T r 252 . AlTA» N 54 22 . PITA N 33 . JAnOli r 16 23 . AIlDID N 14• . JAIWP II 21 24.XIlU. r 15. JOXOIiWA r 18 ~OS:iiP' B FJJ:!lLI6. LIKllJ r 76 1 . JOSJ:!' II 577. MEIlIlA F 23 2. AIlIlA r 258. BELlI' r 43 3. ItI1IINI r 29. IlOSA r 2 4. HOSU. N 11

10. TAIlA r 23 8. Jl:LIDOI N 1811. TAIIlIK F 19 6. J I F.J:O r 7

c' JATIL' S rAMIU 7. JOLOI r 141. JATIL II 50 8. J OB!A II 442. AlIO r 2 9. JO:IlUL r 46

-1--\.,-?-T f?"'(r .." "lI.J4...•. p......" e ,

(March 1946 ) IwaJale1n Db t .

12!. .liJL AD. lin m /Q.3. XLIB F 39 10. MIll F 134. LEIlJEIl M 12 11 . BIll(\] r 555. LIJOOi r 46 12. lORA r 106. llEIU. r 12 13 . HISSA F 177. nIJmI M 11 14. !DI!#. r 26

P.VW 'S F~ILl. rum. 'S lAHI.ll1. LEVW M 44 1. m:.7Ult M 312. AJJI M 9 2. .uROL M 53. llIAMON M 15 3. HiTWEL M 214. EMLE F 17 4. J:LIAZ r 206. XOMAWI r 13 i. JAnOJ M 366. LEJIA M 20 6. JALOMi F 267. MillTJ. r 19 7. LAJIRIII: r 168. MOJES M 23 8. !lllllO1l M 229. TODEil r 42 9. !WiJ. r 18

10 . =J. r 11 10. WlJ.Il F 1911. JAIII M 2 11 .TOBKID r 34- M1JO'S rN-.IJ.:r.

~

.r9JIJD' S W< I]J1. LAIJO M 40 1. JOllJDI M 502. DJ.IIIJ:L M 31 2. J.llAXO r 43. JOJI M 17 3. AIlTAP M 254. UJIMEJ.lI M 16 4. J.TIIE r 25. LA!lI M 12 6. llAIll F 32

tltLJ,.' )I. 4..,'" ~i rt<.t:I ~

(March 1946 ) IwaJaldD Dht.,,

1M!. h! A&!- le! Sex Jon6. LI M 9 6. RITA F 287. LIJD:O F 73 7. JMOJ F 198. lWl.TA F 31 8. RLIJAllOT F 209. MIJAO M 3 9 . EMOli M 18

10. PILEIWr M 23 10. EIlllOT M 6U . TATEO N 5 11. IJIRO ' M 5

JIPAL'S FAMILY 12. JJI:JIDRII N 131. JIPAJ N 53 13. JORMU M 152. AllAIU M 6 14. llTllINA r 273. .lilT! 1M M 14 15. lETA r 84. JI:LJlOli N 19 16. ll.lllIJRT N 305 . XLWI BJ: r 20 17 . LJI:llTIKOJ M 486. IOJIMI F 6 18. LIA r 477. XIllOli r 12

\

19. IlAIlI M 238. IoU.!. r 55 20. IlEIJAIl r 69. NJl:TALI F 16 2l.1ELLA r 2

10. HETAll M 10 22 . lIAMAI r 5311. 1l0JJl: r 17 23. TIYIT M 2012. TIMEII r 10 24 . TOMAIJI: M 1 013. TOIlA r 11

,zyDA' S rAMILY1. JUDA M 462. JUTOK F 193. l'LOIlEIiClt r 2

"'-"1 ~"-\v

(March 1946)

b!!! . is m4. JUlllIJ. 1 95. JAMOU M 256. JOJXJ M 197. IOMEIUKIIJK 1 788. MAlKA M 139. IWiI M 27

10. MlIlIAM 1 2611. IlAIKO 1 412., IlEITA 1 1113. II.lIJEL 1 4214. i'OMAII M 5

l:W8j.le1n Dil t .