Secret Intelligence Service

(C-I)

Russia and Turkey

I Powerful weapons in a possible war

II Geopolitical and historical notes

Looking at it from there (the United Kingdom) it appears ‘so’,

but here in the U.S., is a very different politic. Think back to

the Cold War and when behind the public scenes of threat and

counter-threat, Kennedy was holding a confidential with

Krushchev and did create a mood of laissez-faire into which the

Cuban Missile Crisis, the war in Vietnam was desired to become

peace. Alan Dulles, Lyndon B Johnson, J Edgar Hoover, Clint

Murchison and the rest of the super-power elites (the world's

richest people) much inclusive of the industrial military

magnates were well aware of what they regarded as double dealing

on Kennedy's behalf. Recall the Guilty of Treason leaflets

distributed on the eve of Kennedy's state visit to Texas and

that they were all there in person the night before the

assassination, at Murchison’ house in Texas. What it achieved

for Kennedy was a cementing into a future course of events that

have not and will not change. It's impossible to work against it

and any leader is well aware. Whether you like Trump or not, if

he is their ‘boy’ he will become President and continue in that

role. The current standoff with Moscow has no comparative

official resolve as per Kennedy, much the reverse and all of the

motions in play, the rhetoric comes from 'them', because it has

to. Trump will continue this and what Moscow and those on their

'side' whether in the moral right or wrong the expected way they

will respond will only serve to work in their favor. If it comes

to the brink, they will be making more money than ever, their

machine and its propaganda force fed what all are conditioned to

hear, constitutive of the collective American psyche.

In brief : Arms of Russia and Turkey

The most dangerous weapons systems Russia and Turkey, which

should make us reflect.

Syria was a major source of tension between Turkey and Russia

even before the Turkish F-16s shot down on November 24 Russian

Su-24 on the border with Syria. From the beginning of the civil

war in Syria in 2011, Russia and Iran support the regime of

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, and Turkey, along with Saudi

Arabia, Qatar and the United States provides assistance to the

rebels fighting against Assad.

When the forces of Assad in June 2012 shot down in the skies

over the Mediterranean Turkish reconnaissance aircraft RF-4,

Ankara has introduced new rules of engagement and the use of

weapons against Damascus, which are of questionable validity.

Over the past three and a half years, Turkey was hit by a dozen

Syrian planes, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles for

alleged violation of its airspace.

The latest incident was the culmination of this tug of war, and

Turkey in an effort to help its customers in Syria.

After arriving in September 2015 on the Mediterranean coast of

Syria, the Russian aviation contingent, one of its aircraft

briefly violated Turkish airspace; Syrian MiG-29 switched to

automatic tracking, which turned out to be the Turkish F-16s in

Turkey, and the Turks on October 16 was shot down on its

territory, the Russian, they believe drone.

Despite these incidents, the Russian air force had to show the

Turks that their support forces are not welcome. For Turkey, the

increased pressure on operating in Syria Russian aircraft was

the ability to calm the combatants under its wing rebel groups

and target them to further the fight against Assad.

Since Turkey is a NATO member and has more access to space

combat in Syria, while Russia has enormous military superiority,

a large-scale war between the two parties is unlikely.

Nevertheless, small clashes related to the incident on November

24 is still possible - especially in view of the fact that the

Russian General Staff has taken a more aggressive stance against

the Turks. But Turkey has a formidable military capabilities

that can make life difficult for Russia.

The publication brought together five of the most dangerous

weapons systems Russia and Turkey, which should give pause

before someone decides to go from the bottom to the escalating

tensions.

Turkey

Multirole fighter F-16 and advanced guided missile of class

"air-to-air" medium-range AIM-120

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

As part of the Turkish Air Force nearly 250 F-16 aircraft, with

30 of them in the modification of Block 50+. Block 50+ is the

latest version of the F-16 is a proven multi-role fighter in the

battle of the fourth generation. Turkey produces (for US

licenses) and use since the mid-1980s various options for the F-

16, in connection with which it gained the BBC considerable

skills and experience to the Fighting Falcon fly in all kinds of

scenarios.

American-made missile AIM-120, which the Turks November 24 shot

down a Russian Su-24 is lethal weapons the F-16. With the launch

range of almost 50 kilometers, AIM-120 makes the F-16 into a

serious threat to the well-trained and equipped with the Russian

Air Force.

The system of ground-based jamming KORAL

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

The mobile station ground-based jamming KORAL - the newest

addition to the Turkish arsenal of EW. Established Turkish state

kooporatsiey Aselsan, the system of electronic protection /

active jamming suppression and is designed for jamming enemy

radar modern.

It analyzes the signals numerous purposes in a wide range of

frequencies and automatically generates a response algorithm due

to its high frequency digital memory. With an effective range of

about 150 kilometers, KORAL, according to available information,

can suppress or mislead any radar system of land, sea and air-

based.

This new system reduces the enemy's awareness about the

environment and can therefore disorient Russian, to strengthen

the combat situation and uncertainty blind them weapons systems

that can pose a threat to the Turkish army.

Gür Class Submarines

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

As part of the Turkish Navy has four class submarine Gür, who

are among the best diesel-electric submarines in the world. The

basis for their design was the export version of the German Type

209 submarines, model T2 / 1400 the company HDW.

Gür class submarines are armed with anti-ship missiles Harpoon

(UGM-84), as well as heavy torpedo Tigerfish British

manufacturing and production DM2A4 Germany. Turkish subs are

also equipped with the most modern systems of detection and

targeting, so they are silent and deadly hunters pose a serious

threat to the Russian group of surface ships in the eastern

Mediterranean.

Given the drawbacks of funds ASW Russian naval task force in

Syria submarine Gür give the Turkish side of the enormous

leverage.

Corvettes invisible class Ada

Turkish corvette Class Ada - another naval platform, represents

a mortal danger for the Russian group of surface ships and

support vessels operating in the Mediterranean.

Designed and built in Turkey, these corvettes equipped with

eight missiles Harpoon Block II, 76-millimeter cannons OtoMelara

Super Rapid and other weapons.

Since the ship used stealth technology "stealth", he reduced

acoustic signature, the effective reflecting surface and reduced

thermal telltale signs.

These ships are equipped with radar stealth increased, allowing

them to sneak up on Russian surface ships and inflict on them a

fatal blow.

The naval commando unit SAT

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

SAT (underwater assault groups) - the elite of the Turkish armed

forces. Division SAT can operate in any conditions. They can

penetrate behind enemy from the air, by land and by sea,

striking on important goals.

They can carry out acts of sabotage and to attack the port

facilities and ships at anchor. These groups are fighting

swimmers special forces and rapid response.

During a limited conflict fighters SAT able to conduct an

effective covert operations against the Syrian coastal

infrastructure and Russian ships operating in the Mediterranean.

Russia

Multipurpose tactical fighter-bomber Su-34 and guided missiles

"Air-air" medium-range R-27 / RVV-AE

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

Since 2008, multifunctional fighter-bombers Su-34 (NATO -

Fullback Defender) began to come into service in place of the

older models of bombers Tu-22M and Su-24.

The Su-34 is equipped with a modern fire control system, radar

with a phased antenna array and a powerful system of radio-

electronic means of suppression.

Compared with the Turkish F-16s of the Su-34 can carry more

shells and fuel, which ensures a greater range. At present,

Russia has in service more than 80 frontline bombers Su-34,

about 15 of which are based in Syria.

After the incident, which occurred on November 24 it is expected

that in mid-air confrontation with the Turkish F-16s of the Su-

34 will participate more often. These modern aircraft, adding to

the arsenal of the Russian air force, better able to protect

themselves and are highly maneuverable. Thanks to all these

characteristics, the Su-34 are "hard nut" for Turkish F-16s.

However, Su-34 is even more deadly enemy, when you consider that

he is armed with guided missiles of medium-range R-27 (NATO AA-

10 Alamo) and RVV-AE (NATO AA-12 Adder) class "air-to-air ".

Of particular concern of the Turkish side in terms of air combat

can cause the missile RVV-AE, the range of which is 100

kilometers away - in comparison with Turkish medium-range

missiles (made in USA) AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air with a range of

about 50 kilometers .

Ground complex electronic warfare Krasuha-4

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

Krasuha-4 is the latest system of electronic warfare (EW), in

service with the Russian army.

Features of this multi-functional broadband platforms allow to

suppress ground-based radar, airborne radar systems (especially

systems with long-range radio detection and guidance AWACS) and

low-orbit satellites.

According to some reports, the complex EW Krasuha-4 is able to

cause serious damage to the electronic systems of the enemy.

Russian troops in Syria, according to some assumptions, has at

its disposal a set Krasuha-4, the range of which is known, is

300 kilometers, so it has an advantage over the Turkish ground

system jamming KORAL.

Complex Krasuha-4 is able to "blind" system AWACS, which are

equipped with Turkish airplanes Peace Eagle, and greatly hinder

the Turkish Air Force to obtain information from the air on the

situation in the eastern Mediterranean and Syria, as well as

prevent them from coordinating ups alarm their fighters and to

intercept Russian aircraft.

Missile cruiser Project 1164 Atlant

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

Missile cruiser Project 1164 Atlant (NATO - Slava class) - is a

highly efficient platform for surface combat operations and air

defense.

Cruisers Project Atlas are floating fortresses - they are

equipped with 16 cruise missiles P-500 Basalt, anti-aircraft

missile system C-300PMU-2 Favorit with ammunition of 64 long-

range missiles, two installations Osa-M short-range missiles of

class "surface off-air, "three-coordinate radar detection and

tracking, as well as the-horizon radar.

After the death of the Russian Su-24, the head of this class

cruiser - Moscow - has taken up duty in the coastal part of the

Syrian port of Latakia, which poses a serious threat to the

future of Turkey's air operations in the eastern Mediterranean.

However, with the cruiser Atlanta project has its problems. For

example, the threat to Turkey may be only a cruiser Moscow,

since such ships of this project - Marshal Ustinov, and Varyag -

including as part of respectively the Baltic and Pacific fleets.

But more importantly, these cruisers do not have enough

effective means of antisubmarine warfare (ASW) able to repel the

attacks of the Turkish submarines as silent and deadly class

submarine Gür. As for the escort ships of the Russian Navy in

1135 Project Puffin (NATO - Krivak I, II), accompanying cruiser

Moscow on alert to ensure that the PLO (as the text - approx.

Trans.), their capabilities is highly controversial.

Special Forces

Russia and Turkey. Powerful weapon possible war

Special Forces - is the generic term for Russian special forces.

These units are well-trained operatives can perform a wide range

of military operations, in particular, to conduct

reconnaissance, subversion, to carry out sabotage, guerrilla

warfare and authorized to carry out the murder.

Its operational skills and courage commandos demonstrated

recently, represented as a "little green men" during the sudden

invasion of the Crimea in February 2014 and in the ensuing

military operations in eastern Ukraine, so Russia became clear

winner.

The Russian elite special forces units currently in Turkey may

be the most clear and present danger.

Against the background of how the south-east of Turkey

intensified struggle of Ankara with the paramilitary rebel

organization Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), and while the

country is still arriving refugees from Syria, it is not

excluded that the highly trained Russian special forces to

infiltrate into Turkey And he built there riots and the

destruction.

Forces and means of psychological warfare and cyber

During each of the recent international crisis, involving

Russia, Moscow's opponents were subjected to a various and

massive cyber-attacks.

In 2007, during a crisis in relations with Estonia in the North

Ossetia during the war with Georgia in 2008, and the occupation

of the Crimea and the war in the east of Ukraine in 2014-2015

Russia demonstrated its significant competitive advantage - both

in qualitative and in quantitatively.

And in view of Moscow's ability to conduct psychological warfare

- to manipulate the media to incite the local population and

demoralize the enemy - it would be prudent if Turkey drew

attention to the strength and resources available to Russia.

Addendum

30/11/2015

A new report by the Ministry of Defence, circulating in the

Kremlin, says President Putin this morning ordered the 58th

Army, with headquarters in the North Caucasus Military District,

immediately deploy "choice" regiments and brigades electronic

warfare, air defense systems, multiple launch rocket systems

fire, anti-tank, infantry and artillery troops on the Turkish-

Armenian border, which in total includes about 7,000 Russian

military.

According to the report, the legal component of the

authorization for this massive deployment of combat associated

with the joint agreement of the Russian-Armenian air defense

system that President Putin ordered signed on 11 November which

will be finally signed this week by Prime Minister Medvedev.

With Armenia, now becoming an important part of the united air

defense system of Russia, the Russian Armed Forces will be able

to withstand the threats from Turkey.

It is also important to note that these forces will be

protected, as well as their colleagues working in Syria, the S-

400 Triumph (NATO: SA-21 Growler) and EW system Krasuha-4, which

will give them almost complete control over 85 percent Turkey.

ADDENDUM II

By ‘covering’ Turkey

politically, NATO took full

responsibility for the downing

of Russian Su-24 – envoy

Courtesy and copyright © 2015 RT/Ria Novosti

Benoit Doppagne / BELGA / AFP

By refusing to render an opinion on Turkey’s “intentional”

downing of Russia’s bomber over Syria, and instead providing

Ankara with political backing, NATO’s leadership has taken

responsibility for the incident, Russia’s NATO envoy, Aleksandr

Grushko, said.

Grushko gave his comments to reporters on Monday after it

emerged that he had met with NATO’s Deputy Secretary-General

Alexander Vershbow to discuss the November 24 incident when a

Russian Su-24 bomber was shot down by a Turkish F-16 while

striking terrorist positions in Syria.

“Yes, indeed I had talks with Deputy Secretary-General A.

Vershbow over the Su-24 incident…. I laid out the Russian

assessment of the incident and cited a series of military and

political factors which indicate of the intentional nature of

the attack on the Russian plane in the Syrian airspace,”

Grushko, Russia’s Permanent Representative at NATO, said.

However, Vershbow would not give any assessment of Turkey’s

aggressive action, according to the Russian diplomat, and only

called for restraint and direct contact between Moscow and

Ankara concerning the issue.

“NATO prefers not to go into detail on what the reason was for

Turkey’s decision to launch a missile to down a plane which was

flying in Syrian airspace and which posed no threat to Turkey,”

Grushko pointed out.

The Russian envoy to NATO stressed that Turkey’s decision to

down a non-hostile plane in the border region goes against the

alliance’s rules of engagement.

“In the case of the November 24 incident, even if we take for

granted the absolutely ungrounded version of violation of

Turkey’s airspace, these NATO’s practices were not observed,

since, according to Ankara, the pilots did not even know the

identity of the violator plane,” he stressed.

Courtesy and copyright © 2015 RT/Ria Novosti

ADDENDUM III

President Putin this morning ordered the 58th Army, with headquarters in the North

Caucasus Military District, immediately deploy "choice" regiments and brigades electronic

warfare, air defense systems, multiple launch rocket systems fire, anti-tank, infantry and

artillery troops on the Turkish-Armenian border, which in total includes about 7,000

Russian military.

According to the report, the legal component of the authorization for this massive

deployment of combat associated with the joint agreement of the Russian-Armenian air

defense system that President Putin ordered signed on 11 November which will be finally

signed this week by Prime Minister Medvedev.

With Armenia, now becoming an important part of the united air defense system of Russia,

the Russian Armed Forces will be able to withstand the threats from Turkey.

It is also important to note that these forces will be protected, as well as their colleagues

working in Syria, the S-400 Triumph (NATO: SA-21 Growler) and EW system Krasuha-4,

which will give them almost complete control over 85 percent Turkey.

Turkish and US warplanes have stopped flights over the territory

of Syria after Russia deployed S-400 anti-aircraft system in the

region.

ADDENDUM IV

"[President] Putin, [Prime Minister] Medvedev and other Russian officials know Turkey is

complicit with Washington in recruiting, arming, funding, training and directing ISIS

elements along with other terrorists on its territory, aiding their free movement cross-

border into Syria and Iraq and back,"

"Erdogan's recent reckless act, with virtually certain US support, destroys chances for

East-West cooperation against terrorism — at the same time, upping the stakes for direct

confrontation. The Doomsday Clock inched closer to midnight,"

ADDENDUM V

Turkish President dreams of the Ottoman Empire, and idiocy had dictated his recent

actions to authorize the destruction of the Russian bombers. The fact that this was done

intentionally and with his knowledge - should not cause doubt. However, this move - stupid,

beckons very unpleasant consequences, and it will remain with Russia, also unlikely to have

earned at least any serious support from NATO partners.

In the situation of the downed Russian aircraft Su-24 was carried out the planned ambush

of the Turks who knew perfectly well the plane they had seen dozens of times and the effect

of such aircraft in the area. They knew perfectly well that the plane was returning to base

after the mission. Knowing armed aircraft, and its inability to fight in the air, Turkish

aircraft struck from behind. Such operations are NOT carried out by accident. This is not

an unidentified flying object. They were waiting, and did what they did. It is clear that

without the permission of Erdogan such an operation could not be scheduled. This a

purposeful act of the Turkish authorities,

This is done for reasons of fact that the Ottoman Empire, in the understanding of Erdogan,

still exists and it should be restored.

The territory of Northern Syria it considers its sphere of influence and management.

Erdogan - clearly a few days ago said "We can not protect our Turkmens". Therefore one

of the goals - to determine that the Turkmen opposition, the Islamic militias fellow

Turkmens that were created and armed by Turkey, they have to attack Russian forces.

Erdogan tried to establish a "clear sky" over their Turkmens. It is almost an exact

translation of his words. Second, he tried to strengthen position in negotiations on the

future of Syria, and tried to defend about 10 military factions of the Muslim Brothers,

which today is a discussion - whether they are legitimate or not,

Erdogan wants to restore the Ottoman Empire to the level of influence which it once was,

however, characterized by unbalanced and ill-considered actions have.

What will then be? Russia rightly does not want to get involved in open military conflict

with Turkey. Its main task - to achieve a successful resolution of the goals set before the

start of operations in Syria. And nothing will stop Russia and knock Vladimir Putin from

this path, which would not have been a provocation. This is - the main thing.

The Defense Minister Shoigu said Russia's S-400, (most advanced in the world) and

following the statements of command videoconferencing RF, neither Turkish aircraft will

cross the border of Syria, unless they want to be shot down. And not only the Turkish

aircraft, but also the Turkish jeep, Turkish border guards, or anyone. Every military Turk

crossing the border to Syria by land, sea or air, thus he signs his own death warrant.

All Turkish aircraft suddenly stopped flying! It turns out that all Turkish planes as soon as

they run up on the runway - they are on Russian locators. Next will be even worse.

Second, yesterday there was a Russian bombing of the Turkmens, who most likely killed

the pilot, they will be no more.

And thus Erdogan undermined any possibility of recognition of the "opposition" as

legitimate. It has already become illegitimate after his actions.

In addition, the Syrian Kurds, out of the reach of the Turkish army, now. Russia is likely to

give them a full cover, and will provide them with any military assistance via Assad in the

confrontation with Turkey.

With regard to international commerce, Turkey is also in a rather difficult situation,

because all the contacts, including economic, with the Russian Federation, will be frozen

solid, except those that are signed, and Turkey will be obliged to comply with them or pay a

penalty.

In addition, Merkel said that it is a conflict between Turkey and Russia, but we do worry.

Everyone else also made it clear that to settle the conflict themselves. Turkey has made

nonsense, and now the Turks are trying to make excuses, Typical and too late. > Olga

Rubenskaya (C-I)

26/11/2015. The Russian aerospace force carried out several massive strikes near the Turkish-Syrian border. As a result, unprecedented in its strength and duration in the area Bayyrbukdzhak and other Syrian areas adjacent to the Turkish border, were destroyed several convoys of crude oil moving towards Turkey, as well as units of the Turkish army, on the Syrian territory and without a UN mandate, which provided protection for now nonexistent transported oil. The loss of Turkish military forces of the regular army, acting on the LIH side can be more than 500 personnel, all vehicles destroyed. The infrastructure in the border area with Turkey, which is actively used by militants LIH and Turkish military units that provide support to them, and that before the incident with the Russian aircraft was subjected to air strikes was almost completely destroyed. It should be noted that the line of the Turkish-Syrian border is controlled by the militants, from 24/11/2015 oil transport has increased by many times, that is until a column or several units of trucks enjoyed Russian missile and bomb strikes on them - applied immediately.

If President Erdogan wanted his trick to reduce the intensity of Russia's actions in these areas, he has achieved the opposite effect - no surprise the "gold mine" of Erdogan, ha,r har, as cheap LIH - ISIS oil ends. But that's not all - to spoil relations with Russia, Turkey runs the risk of incurring huge multibillion-dollar losses in the economy, as the country is much more dependent on Russia than vice versa, and the tourism business in Turkey without Russian tourists will be doomed to die. (C-I) Olga Rubenskaya Russian MPs have submitted a bill on holding to account those denying Armenian genocide - courtesy

of the Turks. The opposition Just Russia Party has submitted a bill to parliament on holding to account

ANYONE who DENIES that the 1915 KILLINGS of Armenians by Ottoman Turkish forces was a

“genocide,” - “We have just submitted a bill on responsibility for failure to acknowledge the fact of a

genocide of Armenians by Turkey,” the party’s leader, Sergey Mironov said on his Twitter account.

The statement came a day after the Turkish Air Force shot down a Russian jet over Syria. Recall : In

1915, leaders of the Turkish government set in motion a plan to expel and massacre Armenians living

in the Ottoman Empire. Though reports vary, most sources agree that there were about 2 million

Armenians in the Ottoman Empire at the time of the massacre. By the early 1920s, when the

massacres and deportations finally ended, some 1.5 million of Turkey’s Armenians were dead, with

many more forcibly removed from the country. Today, most historians call this event a genocide – a

premeditated and systematic campaign to exterminate an entire people perpetrated by scum

Russia declared the Turkish military response. The statement of the General Staff of the

incident with the Su-24 Russia will respond to the destruction of Turkey bomber Su-24 is

not only the "closing of the Turkish Tourism and Trade - The Russian Defense Ministry

has announced an unprecedented military response to the aggression of Ankara.

Russia will respond to the destruction of Turkey bomber Su-24 is not only the "closing of

the Turkish Tourism and Trade - The Russian Defense Ministry has announced an

unprecedented military response to the aggression of Ankara.

For example, the missile cruiser "Moskva" will destroy all targets representing even a

potential threat to Russian videoconferencing, and all departures bombers and attack

aircraft will be covered by the Russian fighters.

Earlier, Russian President has already announced that Russia will not leave without an

answer, "stab in the back from the IG accomplices."

Military Ministry of Russia has already announced that it would stop contacts with Turkey

on the military side - recalling that after the destruction of the Su-24 Turkey had not

responded to an emergency request on the "red line."

Also, the Defense Ministry said - now all departures bombers and attack aircraft of the

Russian Federation will cover videoconferencing fighters. And when you consider that

among the group of combat aircraft deployed in Syria, the Su-34, known as the world's

military aviasoobschestvom "King of heaven" - they will be able to hit any military aircraft

Turkey or NATO, providing electronic suppression of their on-board systems and ground-

based air defense systems.

"Any attempt on the part of the Turkish aircraft to contact or establish visual contact with

our crew by means of objective control is not fixed" - it sounds in a statement the Ministry

of Defence. "Rocket hit the plane Su-24M took place over the territory of Syria. Place the

crash is on Syrian territory, four kilometers from the border," - dryly informed the

military, adding "As accurate data objective control our plane border with Turkey do not

intersect. This is confirmed Data Syrian air defense. "

Not only that, according to radar reconnaissance airfield Hmeymim "noted a violation of

the airspace of Syria attacking the Turkish Air Force aircraft." Earlier, Turkey dozens of

times every day to violate the airspace of Greece - but after the destruction of the Su-24

"no violation has occurred," but Turkey immediately appealed to NATO for help "save,

we shot down Russian aircraft."

The military also hinted that "the General Staff are currently being worked out additional

measures to ensure the security of the Russian air base." Experts believe that this is at least

the deployment within the base air defense system S-400 "Triumph", able to lead and hit

any target, from aircraft and cruise missiles to the IDB at a great distance.

Also, the Defense Ministry said that now the missile cruiser "Moskva", equipped with air

defense system "Fort", will take part in the coastal region of Latakia. "We warn that all

goals that represent a potential threat for us will be destroyed."

The network has the video of American fighters, as well as Turkomans - the inhabitants of border areas of Syria, who sympathize with LIH and "Dzhebhat en Nusra" - positioned as a Russian pilot, was shot down - Su-24. The authenticity is checked. Russian Foreign Intelligence Service

Historical notes

Victories of the Russian army over Turkey

November 24 Turkish military shot down a Russian Su-24 bombers.

Two pilots were killed allegedly RF videoconferencing. Relations

between Russia and Turkey for hundreds of years were at least

strained, which resulted in 11 wars conducted. Despite the

different results of these wars for Russia, it is in

confrontation with the Ottoman Empire, the Russian army the whip

one of its most high-profile victories. Recall five Russian-

Turkish battles.

Chesma battle

Naval Battle Chesmene became part of the Russian-Turkish war,

which lasted from 1768 to 1774 years. At the time of start of

the campaign, Russia had no outlet to the Black Sea, which

became one of the reasons for the war.

In July, 1770 in the Mediterranean Sea with the Baltic Sea have

been sent several squadrons under the command of Count Orlov.

Finding the Turkish fleet anchored in the bay of Cesme, the

Russian fleet, which consisted of 9 battleships against the 15

enemy, July 6 attacked the Turkish fleet.

As a result, they destroyed 15 ships of the line and six

frigates of the Navy of Turkey. Another five galleys and one

battleship, Russia received a trophy.

A contemporary of the events, a famous writer and military

zroniker A.Ya.Glotov described the outcome of the Battle of

Chesma Bay, "all things there is Russia. Victorious their flag

waving in the run-up to Constantinople. Those small successes of

the Russian fleet did not have examples in history."

This corresponded to the truth. Russia was able to control the

Dardanelles, which paralyzed much power in Istanbul. The very

same war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Kuchuk

Kainarji, under which Russia withdrew the first land in the

Crimea and Azov. And most importantly - Russia received the

right to have a military fleet in the Black Sea.

Sturm Ishmael

After the nomination of Russian unrealistic conditions (the

return of the Crimea, the right to inspect all ships passing

through the straits, and others.) Turkey in August 1787 declared

war. Home happened to Russia successfully: made a number of

fortresses, including Ochakov, and won at Ramnicu. By December,

Russian troops came to Ishmael.

The fortress, which was considered impregnable, was defended by

a garrison of 35 thousand people. Later, recalling the details

of the operation, led by storm Alexander Suvorov admitted that

"to storm this fortress could be solved only once in a

lifetime", which was quite understandable: the fortress was

surrounded by a 7-meter shaft, which in some places reached a

height of 8 meters and moat 12 meters. On the walls were set up

to 200 shells to conduct defense.

Defenders fighting spirit peculiar reinforced Sultan Selim III,

who promised in his decree to execute every survivor of the

Turkish soldier in the event that the fortress will fall. The

assault, which began on December 22 ended two days later, when

the resistance of the Turks was broken. Preparing for the

assault took only a week. As a result, killing more than 26

thousand people. It is estimated that of the garrison was saved

only one man, who was able to log to cross the Danube.

During the capture of Ishmael, among Suvorov, participated, and

other such well-known military commanders of his time, Mikhail

Kutuzov (at that time the rank of major general, was the

commandant of the fortress after the capture), and Major-General

de Ribas (supervised the construction of Odessa, the famous

street Deribasovskaya is named after him), who led the assault

force during the assault. A year after the capture of the

fortress Turkey signed the Treaty of Jassy, which recognized the

right of Russia to the Crimea, Kuban and Georgia.

Battle of Sinop

A disaster for the Russian Crimean War began with the triumph of

the Russian fleet over the Turks in Sinop Bay. November 23, 1853

Russian ships under the command of Admiral Nakhimov came to the

Bay of Sinop on the Black Sea. The aim was to prevent the exit

of the bay of the Turkish fleet for further landing near

Sukhumi. Of course the battle took place on 30 November and

lasted less than four hours. During this time, all the ships

were destroyed by the Turkish squadron, about three thousand

people were killed and wounded, and taken prisoner by Vice

Admiral Osman Pasha. In fact, other than ships, was destroyed

entire Turkish naval base. On the Russian side, there were 37

fatalities. None of the Russian ship was not sunk.

Nakhimov in the order at the end of the battle wrote: "The Lord

commanders of ships and frigates for the cold-blooded and

accurate resolution of its vessels under this disposition during

heavy enemy fire as well and unwavering their bravery

continuation of the case, turn with gratitude to the officers

for the unflinching and accurate execution of its debt, thanks

to a team who fought like lions. "

Battle of Sheinovo

12 April 1877 Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. The

goal - to help disseminate widely the Balkans liberation

movement of the Slavic peoples.

By the summer of 1877 the Russian army captured the Shipka Pass

(divides the territory of modern Bulgaria in the northern and

southern parts), which had a strategic position to further

advance deep into the Ottoman Empire. Hold the position was left

a detachment of only five thousand soldiers, while the Turks in

the hope to recapture the pass rapidly increasing force. As a

result, Russian soldiers had heroically to repel the attacks of

30-thousand Turkish army. The climax of the fighting were the

events of 9-14 August, when Russian soldiers reflected the

incessant (13 hours) the Turks attack, but gave no knock

themselves from the heights.

The defeat at Sheinovo was decisive in the war. For the Russian

army has opened an unprotected line and the Turks the way to

Adrianople and Istanbul. Promotion of the Russian army only

prevented the signing of the San Stefano peace treaty, under

which Serbia, Montenegro and Romania gained independence and was

the creation of a new principality - Bulgaria.

Russian losses amounted to little more than five thousand

people. The Turks fled, about 23 thousand Ottomans were

captured.

Sarykamysh battle

Caucasian direction of the First World War in Russia was not the

main, however, the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of German

military experts long been preparing for an offensive campaign

against Russia. In October 1914 the Turkish fleet bombarded

Odessa and Sevastopol, forcing Russia to move into action. In

November, the first Russian connections crossed the border with

the Ottoman Empire.

On the border with Russia moved eccentric Enver Pasha, one of

the leaders of the empire, which, ignoring the recommendations

of the German consultants, decided on their own to defeat the

army of the Caucasus. The first two weeks of the war took shape

in Russia badly - forces were forced to retreat to the border.

By December, the city turned out to be focused Sarykamysh the

largest detachment of the Russian forces, where, on the one

hand, it was possible to strike at Kars, and on the other - to

be able to organize a counter-attack down to Tiflis and

disorganize the whole Russian Caucasus group.

In the first days of defense of the city took over the Brigade

militia and about 100 young officers. The fate of the 18 Russian

battalions in the Caucasus was in their hands, and Tbilisi was

seized by panic - the evacuation of the population. By mid-

December to the Russian Sarykamysh tightened parts (mainly the

Kuban Cossacks), but the forces were still unequal.

As a result, by December 25, the Turks managed to train and go

to the rear of the defenders. But then the station was retaken

by the forces of the Cossacks-Plast, whose silent attack Turks

plunged into shock. The turning point came on December 31 when

the 3rd Turkish army was dealt a decisive blow from which they

never recovered, and in early January undertaken successful

kontranstuplenie. "Caucasian Russian army commits there every

day amazing feats" - said French Ambassador to Russia Maurice

Palaeologus, meaning Sarykamysh operation.

12/2015

SecretIntelligenceService.london

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