I. Plant Structure and Growth (CHAPTER 35)Organism Systems Organs Tissues

Cells

1. Stems

2. Leaves

3. Flowers

1. Tap roots

Shoot

Root

2. Fibrous roots

1. Dermal Tissues

2. Vascular Tissues

3. Ground Tissues

Sclerenchyma

2.Xylem

3. Phloem

4. Meristematic Tissues

1. Parenchyma

2. Collenchyma

1. Embryonic

a.Fibers

b.Sclereids

a.Vessels

b.Tracheids

a. Sieve tubes

b. Companion cells

1. EpidermisSingle layer, tightly packed “skin”, cuticle

Protection and absorption

Transport & Support

Transport water & support, thick 2ary walls, pits, dead

Transport Food

Above ground

Below ground

Support

Photosynthesis

Reproduction

Storage

Absorption

Thin, tapered ends

“Filler”, “juicy storage”, support, metabolism, repair

Thin walled, “juicy” , photosynthesis, storage, “totipotent”, repair, living

Thicker, uneven, support, elongate," juicy”, living

Thick, 2ary walls support, dead

Support, long slender, hemp (rope), flax (linen)

Short, irregular, clumped, (nutshells, pear grittiness)

Living, but lacks many organelles, pores, conducting, sieve plates

Regulates sieve tubes, has nuclei and ribosomes

Cell Division

-Undifferentiated, in restricted zones -Apical (buds & root tips) – primary growth, all

plants -Cambium (vascular & cork) – secondary growth, only woody plants

Big, hollow, thick, ringed

THE END

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(Eu)Dicots Monocots

The Three Major Tissue Groups

All plant organs contain the 3 different plant tissues

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Xylem Cells

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Phloem Cells

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Parenchyma Cells

Note:

1. Thin cell walls

2. Starch storage bodies

3. Large vacuoles “juicy”

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Collenchyma Cells

Note:

1. Hollow, Irregular

2. “Juicy” with large vacuoles

3. Thicker walls as compared to Parenchyma

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Xylem Vessels

Note:1. Continuous “cells”

2. Ringed support

3. Thick secondary walls with lignin

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1. Vascular Cambium

2. Cork Cambium

Location of Embryonic Tissue

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The General Structure of a Flowering Plant

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Fiber Sclerenchyma

Note:

1. Compact cells

2. Thick cells walls

3. Found in vascular bundles

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Sclereid Sclerenchyma

Note:1. Irregular shaped cells

2. Very thick cell walls

(Stone cells extracted from pear pulp)

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Secondary Growth of Stems

Secondary Root Formation in a Root

Old Xylem

New Xylem

Epidermis

Pericycle

New Secondary

Root

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Distribution of Xylem and Phloem by the Vascular Cambium

C = Cambium cell X = Xylem Cell

D = Differentiation initial cell P = Phloem Cell

Inner Layer

Outer Layer

Slide 3

Note:

1. The bark contains all part outside of the vascular cambium including the phloem

2. The Periderm contains the cork cambium and the cork

Xylem “wood”

The Anatomy of a Tree Trunk

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