INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSCh.23 section 1

COLLECTIVE SECURITY Collective security

(interdependence) vital in 21st century.

Not able to secure borders? Crime Taxes Provide public services

Acceptance of political

refugees? Impact? (Rwanda – 1994)

2010: 45 million environmental refugees

“Ethnic Cleansing” threatens collective security (Bosnia, 1992)

WHY CONFLICT? Most prominent –

Religion. (prejudice and hatred)

Ideological rivalries fueled by communist / capitalist struggle

Vietnam, Korea, Cold War

Civil unrest leads to US intervention (Persian Gulf)

WEAPONS PROLIFERATION Weapons of mass

destruction – 1945 Proliferation as a global

issue Post-Cold War military

deglobalization September 11 signals

globalization of informal violence

Chemical Weapons – WWI (outlawed by 1925 Geneva Protocol)

GLOBAL DEFENSE UN established

following WWII Not world government

– promote peace Divisions

General Assembly Security Council Secretariat International Court of

Justice Economic and Social

Council Trusteeship Council

Headed by Ban Ki-moon (sec. general)

UNITED NATIONS GA made of all nations (one vote each on policies

and budget allowance) Security Council handles international disputes

Made of 15 nations; 5 are permanent US, GB, France, Russia, China Remaining 10 rotate on 2 year terms

Secretariat, headed by secretary general, oversees all daily operations

Court of Justice to hear disputes between countries and give opinions and advice (15 judges)

E and S council to discuss ways to improve the lives of citizens around the world

Trustee Council helps territories under UN supervision

World Bank cooperates with UN to provide low-interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, and private business

World Health Organization helps fight disease worldwide (AIDS)

WORLD PEACE? UN a forum to peacefully

settle disputes Not always possible…

Korea (1950) Vietnam (1965) Israel and Arab nations

(1990s) Kuwait (1991)

What about worldwide natural disasters? UNICEF World Food Program (100

million people a year in 80 countries)

UN promotes understanding and acceptance of international law