I mpact of turfgrass management on Collembola diversity and abundance Sophie Rochefort

Impact of turfgrass management on Collembola diversity and

abundance

Impact of turfgrass management on Collembola diversity and

abundance

Sophie RochefortSophie Rochefort

Brocklehurst K. (1999)

CollembolaCollembola• One of the most abundant group of arthropods in the soil

Up to several millions of individual / m2

• Play different ecological roles: Decomposer, predator, prey, fungivore, soil ‘engineer’

• Found in every ecosystems

• Very susceptible to humidity andtemperature

• Bio indicator species

• One of the most abundant group of arthropods in the soil

Up to several millions of individual / m2

• Play different ecological roles: Decomposer, predator, prey, fungivore, soil ‘engineer’

• Found in every ecosystems

• Very susceptible to humidity andtemperature

• Bio indicator species

EpedaphicEpedaphic

HemiedaphicHemiedaphic

EuedaphicEuedaphic

Collembola colonize different microhabitats in turfgrass ecosystemsCollembola colonize different

microhabitats in turfgrass ecosystems

IntroductionIntroduction

Previous studies :(Vavrek & Niemczyk, 1990 ; Braman & Pendley, 1993 ; Byrne & Bruns, 2005)

Effect of pesticides or turf management on Collembola families or specific « groups ».

Previous studies :(Vavrek & Niemczyk, 1990 ; Braman & Pendley, 1993 ; Byrne & Bruns, 2005)

Effect of pesticides or turf management on Collembola families or specific « groups ».

ObjectivesObjectivesTo characterize, to species level, the composition of Collembolan communityTo characterize, to species level, the composition of Collembolan community

To determine the seasonal abundance of the most abundant speciesTo determine the seasonal abundance of the most abundant species

To compare the abundance and the diversity of Collembola between a newly established lawn and a 10 year-old lawn

To compare the abundance and the diversity of Collembola between a newly established lawn and a 10 year-old lawn

To evaluate the impact of turfgrass management on Collembolan communityTo evaluate the impact of turfgrass management on Collembolan community

Study sites

Laval University

• New turfgrass lawn established in 2003

• 100% of Kentucky bluegrass

Municipal site

• 10 year-old lawn

• High density of broadleaf weeds

• Only mowing for the last 5 years

Study period: 2003-2005

Study sites

Laval University

• New turfgrass lawn established in 2003

• 100% of Kentucky bluegrass

Municipal site

• 10 year-old lawn

• High density of broadleaf weeds

• Only mowing for the last 5 years

Study period: 2003-2005

Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

Experimental design

Plot size: 8 x 12 m (96 m2)

• Buffer zone of 2 m between plots

Randomized complete blocks design

• 5 blocks per site x 4 treatments

• A total of 20 plots / site

Experimental design

Plot size: 8 x 12 m (96 m2)

• Buffer zone of 2 m between plots

Randomized complete blocks design

• 5 blocks per site x 4 treatments

• A total of 20 plots / site

Three organic fertilizer (9-2-5) applications per year for an annual rate of 1.25 kg N / 100 m2

Three organic fertilizer (9-2-5) applications per year for an annual rate of 1.25 kg N / 100 m2


TreatmentsT1-Pest management with pesticides 2-3 herbicides / year

1 diazinon in July1 carbaryl in August

T2-Control: Only fertilization

T3-Integrated pest management Pest monitoring

Local herbicide and insecticide treatments when needed2 aerations / year

T4- "Ecological" management Pest monitoring

2 aerations / year

Corn gluten meal in May and September

MAC1: Sclerotinia minor

Alternative methods only for insect control

TreatmentsT1-Pest management with pesticides 2-3 herbicides / year

1 diazinon in July1 carbaryl in August

T2-Control: Only fertilization

T3-Integrated pest management Pest monitoring

Local herbicide and insecticide treatments when needed2 aerations / year

T4- "Ecological" management Pest monitoring

2 aerations / year

Corn gluten meal in May and September

MAC1: Sclerotinia minor

Alternative methods only for insect control


Materials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsSoil sampling:

• 3 samples / plot

Sampling frequency:

• Once a month from May to October• 6 sampling periods

Soil sampling:

• 3 samples / plot

Sampling frequency:

• Once a month from May to October• 6 sampling periods

Collembola extraction• Berlese funnels (72 h)

Species identification • Christiansen & Bellinger (1998)• Potapov (2000)

Collembola extraction• Berlese funnels (72 h)

Species identification • Christiansen & Bellinger (1998)• Potapov (2000)

ResultsResultsAbundance

•University site

2003 22 328 individuals



•Municipal site




Abundance•University site




•Municipal site




ResultsResults21 species representing 17 genera and 9 families

University site: 11-15 species

Municipal site: 13-19 species

21 species representing 17 genera and 9 families

University site: 11-15 species

Municipal site: 13-19 species

4 new mentions for Quebec fauna:

Brachystomella parvula

Mesaphorura simplex

Isotomodes productus

Shaeridia pumilis

4 new mentions for Quebec fauna:

Brachystomella parvula

Mesaphorura simplex

Isotomodes productus

Shaeridia pumilis

Family Species Sampling year

2003 2004

Brachystomellidae Brachystomella parvulaBrachystomella parvula 1 092 ± 194 639 ± 178

Onychiuridae Protaphorura armataProtaphorura armata 0 100 ± 66

Tullbergiidae Mesaphorura macrocheataMesaphorura macrocheata 0 22 ± 13

Isotomidae Isotoma viridisIsotoma viridis 10 542 ± 3 961 1 778 ± 3 278

Parisotoma notabilisParisotoma notabilis 7 192 ± 1 877 17 644 ± 2 272

Cryptopygus thermophilusCryptopygus thermophilus 3 658 ± 1 264 4 672 ± 1 207

Isotomodes productusIsotomodes productus 0 61 ± 61

Isotomiella minorIsotomiella minor 25 ± 18 22 ± 13

Entomobryidae Pseudosinella violentaPseudosinella violenta 758 ± 221 956 ± 253

Pseudosinella albaPseudosinella alba 0 667 ± 199

Lepidocyrtus violaceusLepidocyrtus violaceus 758 ± 221 3 906 ± 996

Lepidocyrtus fernandiLepidocyrtus fernandi 292 ± 94 2 356 ± 600

Bourlettiellidae Bourletiella arvalisBourletiella arvalis 208 ± 111 11 ± 11

Katiannidae Sminthurinus elegansSminthurinus elegans 1 017 ± 137 2 217 ± 460

Sminthurididae Shaeridia pumilisShaeridia pumilis 1 458 ± 430 872 ± 169

Mean abundance (±se) per m2 of Collembola species at the university site in 2003 and 2004.

Mean abundance (±se) per m2 of Collembola species at the university site in 2003 and 2004.

Family Species Sampling year

2003 2004

Brachystomellidae Brachystomella parvulaBrachystomella parvula 1 489 1 489 ± 417± 417 211 ± 41211 ± 41

Neanuridae Anurida sp.Anurida sp. 00 6 ± 66 ± 6

Onychiuridae Protaphorura armataProtaphorura armata 200 200 ± 173± 173 1 244 ± 5521 244 ± 552

Tullbergiidae Mesaphorura simplexMesaphorura simplex 00 6 ± 66 ± 6

Mesaphorura silvicolaMesaphorura silvicola 6 ± 66 ± 6 11 ± 811 ± 8

Isotomidae Isotoma viridisIsotoma viridis 3 656 ± 6593 656 ± 659 2 656 ± 6882 656 ± 688

Parisotoma notabilisParisotoma notabilis 1 950 ± 7411 950 ± 741 750 ± 313750 ± 313

Cryptopygus thermophilusCryptopygus thermophilus 7 744 ± 3 2327 744 ± 3 232 2 239 ± 4992 239 ± 499

Folsomia Folsomia nearnear bisetosa bisetosa 372 372 ± 350± 350 244 ± 233244 ± 233

Folsomia candidaFolsomia candida 00 78 ± 7878 ± 78

Folsomia parvulusFolsomia parvulus 00 11 ± 811 ± 8

Isotomiella minorIsotomiella minor 00 22 ± 1322 ± 13

Entomobryidae Pseudosinella violentaPseudosinella violenta 44 ± 1844 ± 18 6 ± 66 ± 6

Pseudosinella albaPseudosinella alba 00 211 ± 71211 ± 71

Lepidocyrtus violaceusLepidocyrtus violaceus 200 ± 112200 ± 112 44 ± 1944 ± 19

Lepidocyrtus fernandiLepidocyrtus fernandi 67 ± 2067 ± 20 117 ± 39117 ± 39

Bourlettiellidae Bourletiella arvalisBourletiella arvalis 439 ± 173439 ± 173 172 ± 95172 ± 95

Katiannidae Sminthurinus elegansSminthurinus elegans 1 850 ± 8251 850 ± 825 500 ± 127500 ± 127

Sminthurididae Shaeridia pumilisShaeridia pumilis 1 617 ± 6271 617 ± 627 478 ± 163478 ± 163

Mean abundance (±se) per m2 of Collembola species at the municipal site in 2003 and 2004.

Mean abundance (±se) per m2 of Collembola species at the municipal site in 2003 and 2004.

Isotoma viridisIsotoma viridis

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Diversity

Turfgrass 21 species

Grassland 16-32 species (Winkler et Kampichler, 2000)

Forest 75-90 species (Chagnon et al., 2000; Addison et al.,2003)

Agriculture 10-26 species (Axelsen et Kristensen, 2000)

Diversity

Turfgrass 21 species

Grassland 16-32 species (Winkler et Kampichler, 2000)

Forest 75-90 species (Chagnon et al., 2000; Addison et al.,2003)

Agriculture 10-26 species (Axelsen et Kristensen, 2000)

Collembola diversity between sites

•Similar; same dominant species

•Seeded vs soded lawn

Collembola diversity between sites

•Similar; same dominant species

•Seeded vs soded lawn

DiscussionDiscussion


Seasonal abundance: no clear patterns

• Also observed in other ecosystemsWolters (1998), Chagnon et al. (2000) et Renaud et al. (2004)

• Factors that could explain this phenomena?

Seasonal abundance: no clear patterns

• Also observed in other ecosystemsWolters (1998), Chagnon et al. (2000) et Renaud et al. (2004)

• Factors that could explain this phenomena?

Podura aquatica

Impact of turfgrass management

Different patterns:•Between years

•Between species

•Between sites

•Between chemical products

Short vs long term effects

Ecological factors vs pesticide treatments

Impact of turfgrass management

Different patterns:•Between years

•Between species

•Between sites

•Between chemical products

Short vs long term effects

Ecological factors vs pesticide treatments


AckowledgementsAckowledgements

Fernand Therrien Christian Hébert

Annie-Ève Gagnon Simon Boudreault

Roselyne Labbé David Shetlar

Luc Lamontagne Jacques Brodeur

Fernand Therrien Christian Hébert

Annie-Ève Gagnon Simon Boudreault

Roselyne Labbé David Shetlar

Luc Lamontagne Jacques Brodeur

Ville de Québec FRÉU

FQRNT

Questions ?Questions ?

Lasius pallitarsis Lasius pallitarsis © Alex Wild 2005 © Alex Wild 2005

Why Isotomidae family is the most abundant?

Epedaphic and hemiedaphic Collembola

Why Isotomidae family is the most abundant?

Epedaphic and hemiedaphic Collembola

FeutreThatchThatch


University siteUniversity siteChemical (T1)Chemical (T1) Control (T2)Control (T2) IPM (T3)IPM (T3) Ecological (T4)Ecological (T4)

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Documents

I mpact of turfgrass management on Collembola diversity and abundance Sophie Rochefort