Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

I. European Conquest of Africa

II. European Technology and the African Response

III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and

the Anglo-Boer War

IV. Colonial Rule in Africa

V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned

VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

I. European Conquest of Africa

A. BelgiumKing Leopold II

1876, International African Association

Henry Stanley (1841-1904)

B. GermanyOtto von Bismarckfrom 1884: 4 colonies

C. Franceeast from Senegal

D. BritishEgyptFashoda Incident, 1898

near KhartoumH. H. Kitchener

South AfricaWitwatersrand gold

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

II. European Technology and the African ResponseA. Resistance

Samori Touré (c.1830-1900)> Mandinke kingdomexiled, 1898

SudanMuhammad Ahmad (1844-84)

“Mahdi,” 18811884, siege of Khartoum

RhodesiaCharwev. British South Africa Company

Spirit mediumsAmbuya Nehanda, Kagubi

executed, 1898Ethiopia

Yohannes IV replaced by Menelik (1844-1913)

emperor, 1889Addis Ababa

1889, Treaty of Wuchale, ItalyItalian and Amharic versions

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the

Anglo-Boer War

A. Discoveries1867, diamonds1886, gold, WitwatersrandCecil Rhodes (1853-1902)Barney Barnato (1852-97)

B. ImmigrationuitlandersPaul Kruger (1825-1904)Rhodes and uitlanders

invasion of TransvaalAnglo-Boer war, 1899-1902

Southern Africa, c. 1914

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

IV. Colonial Rule in Africa

A. VarietiesBritish

indirect“Warrant chiefs”

Frenchassimilation

Portugueseassimilados, indigenas

B. Economyplantations v. cash crops“Red Rubber”

C. Social and Religious Change

Football clubsNigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe

‘Zik’ Athletic clubs

D. Christianity and Islam

Ethiopia1892, Mangena Mokone

> Ethiopian Church

John Chilembwe Nyasaland1915, uprising

model, John Brown

Spirit ChurchesAladura churches, Nigeria

Mali, Shaykh Hamallah (1883-1943)

Tariqa (brotherhoods)SufiSenegal, Mourides brotherhood

Shaykh Ahmand Bamba (1850-1927)

Shadhiliya

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

IV. Colonial Rule in Africa

E. New Britains: Kenya and RhodesKenya

Kikuyu > “squatters”

RhodesiaLand Apportionment Act of 1930

F. White Exploitation in the Union ofSouth Africa

Prime Ministers (Afrikaners)Louis Botha (1863-1919)Jan Smuts (1870-1950)J. B. M. Hertzog (1866-1942)

1925, Afrikaans official

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned

A. ChallengesAyan (regional governors)JanissariesRussia

1774, Kuchuk Kaynarca

B. Ottoman ReformSultan Selim III (1789-1806)

Janissary resistanceSultan Mahmud II (1808-39)

French languagePrussian, French military

C. Challenging Ottoman Sovereignty

in EuropeNationalism > separatists

1830, SerbiaGreece

Crimean War (1854-56)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned

D. Egypt: Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali

Ottoman commander1801, French leaveopposition

MamluksWahhabis

E. The Suez Canal1854, Said

Ferdinand de Lesseps

1869, openingEgyptian debt

> British takeover, 1882

F. Dinshaway Incident, 1906Lord Cromer

G. North Africa West of Egypt

Morocco, Filali DynastyDidi Muhammad (1757-90)

U.S. concessions, 1786French, 1912

Algiers1830, Charles X invades

Tunis1881, French protectorate

H. Young OttomansTanzimat, 1839-76Sultan Abdulaziz, deposed, 1876Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)

I. Young Turks1889 — Committee for Union and

Progress1908 — Young Turks

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 23: Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism

©2

00

6, P

ears

on

Ed

uc a

tion

, In

c.

VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle

A. Qajar Rule and the Tobacco Rebellion

from 1794, Qajar ruleNasir al-Din Shah (1848-96)

British monopoly on tobaccoShi’ite ulama opposed

> 1891, Tobacco rebellion

B. The Persian Constitutional Revolution

1905, strikes, demonstrations, massacres

Constituent National Assembly

1906, Muhammad Ali Shah (1907-09)> civil war

1909, Muhammad Ali Shat deposed

C. The Great Power Struggle for the East

Afghanistan1881-1901 Amir Abdur Rahman1907, Anglo-Russian Entente