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IDENTIFYING AND PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Tyson [email protected]
What is Intellectual Property?
Intellectual Property refers to creations of the mind and includes:
• Inventions• Symbols, Names, and Images• Literary and Artistic Works• Designs used in Commerce
Intellectual Property
• Patents
• Trademarks
• Copyrights
• Trade Secrets
Patents
What Is a Patent?
Set of exclusive rights to stop others from making, using, selling, or offering to sell a product or process
Patent rights can be commercially utilized in two basic ways: •Directly•Indirectly
To lend business credibility
Under What Conditions is a Patent Granted?
• Patentable Subject Matter
• Timely Filed
• Written Description
• Best Mode
Under What Conditions is a Patent Granted?
• Novel
• Useful
• Nonobvious
How is a Patent Obtained?
Patent Application• Legal document • Must fully describe the invention • Must include one or more claims
Provisional Application • Lower cost • Claims not required• Not examined• “Regular” Application must be filed within a year• Does not count in determining the expiration date of the patent
How is a Patent Obtained?
Examination of Patent Application
Issue of Patent (Issue Fee)
During Examination, the Application may be kept secret (Exception: Foreign Filing) Filing does not create enforceable rights (Patent Pending)
Maintenance Fees
Should a Patent Search be Performed?
Patentability
Freedom to Operate
Clearance
Trademarks
What is a Trademark? A word, name, symbol or device which is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others
Trademark rights may be used to prevent others from using a confusingly similar mark
Registration of Trademarks
How do TrademarkRights Arise?
Trademark rights arise in one of two ways:
• By filing a mark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office based on a bona fide intent to make use of the mark on a product or in association with a service that will soon be offered to the public
• By actually using the mark in commerce on a product or in association with a service
How are Trademarks Registered?
File Application for Registration
Examination• Likelihood of Confusion• Inherently incapable of performing the identification function of a trademark
Actual Use Required Prior to Registration
How are Trademarks Registered?
Term of Registration = 10 years
Can be renewed
Failure to use a mark can cause the rights in the mark to be abandoned
Use of the ®, TM and SM symbols
What are the Advantages of Registering a Trademark?
Nationwide constructive use and right of priority
Constructive notice
Prevents acquisition of common law rights
Legal presumption of the registrant's right to exclusive use of the mark and the validity of the mark's registration
Permits the use of the “®” symbol
Goods bearing a mark which infringes on a registered mark may be excluded from entry into the U.S.
Must Trademarks be Registered?
No – You can still obtain exclusive rights in the market in which the marks are used, if the use is prior to the filing date of any federal registrant or any other user in that market of a confusingly similar mark
Protecting Your Brand
Trademark Searching and Clearance – Google, IP Attorney, etc.
Using Your Mark in Branding – “TM,” “SM”
Policing Your Mark – Searching, Cease and Desist…
Copyrights
What Is a Copyright? A copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of “original works of authorship” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished
Copyrights are registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress
What Is a Copyright?Copyright provides a “bundle of rights” which include the following rights:
• to reproduce the copyrighted work• to make derivative works (such as a movie from a novel)• to distribute copyrighted works to the public• to perform, publicly, certain works (such as music)• to display, publicly, certain works (such as paintings)
How is a Copyright Obtained? Copyright arises when work is fixed in a tangible medium
Copyright applies to both unpublished and published works
Copyright endures for the life of the author plus 70 years
Registration of a copyrighted work is not required for existence of the copyright
Registration is a prerequisite to a lawsuit for copyright infringement and to certain legal remedies
How is a Copyright Registered? Copyright registration is simple and inexpensive
The Registrant completes a simple form provided by the Copyright Office and returns it to the Office with a small fee and copies of the work
The Registrant may be the author, including an employer or other person for whom a “work made for hire” was created, or a person or entity which has acquired the copyright)
Transfers of copyright ownership (including exclusive licenses) must be in writing to be valid
What is Copyright Notice?© 2011 XYZ Corporation
Notice should include the copyright symbol “©” or the word “Copyright” or its abbreviation (Copr.), followed by the year of first publication of the work and the name of the Copyright Owner
Notice is no longer required on copies of works published after March 1, 1989
Trade Secrets
What are Trade Secrets? Is not generally known to the public
Confers some sort of economic benefit on its holder
Is the subject of reasonable efforts to maintain its secrecy