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I CAN
• Use Gestalt Psychology to explain optical illusions.
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006
Perceptual Ambiguity and Distortion
Illusions
The incorrect interpretation of a stimulus pattern (shared by others in the same perceptual environment)
Ambiguous figures Images that are
capable of more than one interpretation
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2006
Perceptual Illusions
Do you see or ?
The Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
• Max Wertheimer (1923)
These laws suggest how our brains prefer to group stimulus elements together to form a percept
The Gestalt
Laws of
Perceptual
Grouping
Similarity
Proximity
Continuity
Common fate
Prägnanz
Closure
Tendency to fill in gaps in figures and see incomplete figures as complete
Closure
• Similarity We tend to group similar
objects
• Proximity We tend to group objects
together when they are near each other.
• Continuity –We prefer perceptions of
connected and continuous figures over disconnected and disjointed ones
• Common Fate– We tend to group similar objects
together that share a common motion or destination
• Prägnanz• We perceive the simplest
pattern possible• This is what makes things
such as proofreading a text so difficult
Reality is reduced to its simplest form
Law of Pragnanz and the ‘face’ on Mars
• People mentally process visual information that…– is symmetrical– contains the
simplest shapes possible
– contains the fewest number of shapes
CAN I?
• Use Gestalt Psychology to explain optical illusions.
14Necker Cube
• There are only white circles at the intersections
Who is this
a picture of?
If you said Clinton you
are correct. If you said
Clinton and Gore, you
Are wrong. Its a picture
of Bill Clinton in the foreground and the same picture of him in the background, but with a different haircut.
.
The rows of black and white squares are all parallel.
The vertical zigzag patterns disrupt our horizontal perception.
The center circles are both the same size.
• Warped Squares?There are no curved lines in these figures. You can use a ruler to check it out.The diagonal patterns created by the tiny squares distort the perception of the pictures.
Various Illusions
http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_adapt/index.html
http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_silencing/index.html
http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_mib/index.html
http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_kaleidoscope/index.html
Expanding spiral
Moving color dots
Motion Induced Blindness
Kaleidoscope Motion
Can you find "the hidden tiger"? Not the obvious one that everyone sees. Look for words in stripes
Can you see both the frog and the horse on this visual illusion?
You probably see Albert Einstein on this picture. However, if you stand up and step 15 feet away, you will see Marilyn Monroe on the same picture.
Old and Young - Crazy Optical Illusion Painting
Can you find the man’s face in the coffee beans?
1000 20 30100010301000+ 20
______
4100
Dogs in the yard– black & white/color
http://www.illusions.org/dp/color.htm
Beach scene – color/black and white
http://www.grand-illusions.com/opticalillusions/colour_illusion/
High Society, or a Donkey?
