':{ I

34/1971

'l'HE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH SCnOOL OF PACIFIC STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Professor and Head of Department :

Professor :

Professorial Fellow:

Senior Fellow

Fellows~

Senior Research Fellows~

Research Fellows:

Honorary Fellow

ANNUAL REPORT 1970

STAFF

J. D. B. Miller, M.Ec. (Sydney)

H. N. Bull, B.A. (Sydney), B.Phil. (Oxon).

T. B. Millar, B .A. (W .Aust) , M.A . (Melb.) Ph.D. (London).

R. J. O'Neill, B.Eng. (Melb.), M.A. (Oxon), D. Phil. (Oxon) •

D. C. s. Sissons, M.A. (Melb.) G. Jukes , M.A . (Oxon). J .L.S. Girling, B.A. (Oxon.)

S. K. Gupta , B.A . (Calcutta) , M.A. (U.of Penn.) W. A. C. Adie, B.A. (Oxon) - to arrive

I. Bellany, B.A. (Oxon), D.Phil. (Oxon) (until July)

C. Holbraad, B.Sc.Econ. (London,)Ph.D. (Sussex) Beverley Male, M.A., Ph.D.

Sir Alan Hatt, C.B.E., B.A. (Sydney) H.A. (Oxon)

Visiting Fellows: Oran R. Young, A.B. (Harv.), M. A. (Yale), Ph.D. Yasuhiro Okudaira

Research Assistants: Elizabeth I'.Iacfarlane, B.A. (lielb.) Joy Hooton, B.A. (London.) (until May) Robin Ward, B.A. (A.N.U.) Ann Kent (B.A. (O.S. A.N.U.), M. A. (Harv.) Robin McArthur, B.A. (A.N.U.) Harian Sawer, B.A., M.A. (May-August) Robyn McLean, B.A. (Melb.) (from August)

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STAFF CHANGES:

In September 1970, Professor Hedley Bull went on study leave to the United States and the United Kingdom. Professor J.D.B. Miller had resumed the headship of the Department on his return from study leave in August.

The Department benefited during the year from visits by two Visiting Fellows. The first was Professor Oran R. Young, Associate Professor of Politics at Princeton University, who spent a month in Canberra. During this time he presented a series of seminars on the subject of 'Epistemology and International Studies'. The second was Professor Yasuhiro Okudaira, of the Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, who arrived in Septe;1ber for a ten months' visit.

In December, Dr. T. B. Millar retired from the position of Executive Officer of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, and was succeeded by Dr. R. J. O'Neill. Dr. I-1illar remains as Professorial Fellow in the Department, and as Director of the Australian Institute of International Affairs.

Mr. Sisir K. Gupta left in December to take up a chair at the Sc hool for International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Dr. Ian Bellany, who had been working within the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, left in July to take up a teaching position at the University of Lancaster.

Mr. W. A. C. Adie, a China specialist 1 will take up his position as Senior Research Fellow in the Department at the beginning of January.

Dr. Beverley Male, a former student of the Department, was appointed to a Post-Doctoral Fellowship in the Department.

The Department continued to be given fine service by its secretary, Miss Marsh, and by its clerical and typing staff.

STUDENT AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES:

Sixteen students were at work on their Ph.D. degrees during the year: Miss Robyn Abell on the foreign policy of the Philippines~ Mr. D. J. Ball on American strategic policy in the 1960's; Mr. s. K. Chin on the ideology of Australian foreign policy; Mr. K. Foley on the application of systems analysis to Australian defence policy, Hiss M. George on Australian attitudes and policies towards the Netherlands East Indies and Indonesian Independence 1942-49; Mr. R. Howard on United States policy towards nuclear proliferation in Asia, Mr. A. Jorgensen-Dahl on International structure, co-operation and conflict : the case in S-E Asia; Mr. T. s. Lau on relations between Singapore and Malaysia; Mr. B. Shaw on relations between China and North Vietnam; Mr. W. H. Smith on international order and civil strife; Miss K. Tanaka on the role of the Communist Party in China during the Second World War, Mr. J . Vincent on the principle of non-intervention ; Mrs. N. Viviani on Australian attitudes to Indonesia; Mr. A.E. Wilkinson on Australia's International Aid Policy 1945 1970 ; Mr. A. G. P. Wright on the origins and diplomacy of the India-Pakistan War of 1965; and Mr. J. Welfield on recent Japanese defence policy.

• p.3. 34/1971

Four students mentioned in previous reports were awarded the Ph.D . degree - Dr. J . R. Angel, Dr. S. FitzGerald, Dr. R.R. Hacintyre and Dr . B. M. Male.

Fieldwork was undertaken by two students in the Department. f-ir. D. J. Ball pursued. his studies in the United States, and Miss R • .Th.bell studied in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Indotiesia.

Five staff members made overseas visits during the year. Professor Bull went to New Guine a for the Waigani Seminar, and extended his visit to Bougainville. In August , he made a brief visit to India en route to the Institute for Strategic Studies Seminar at Evian~les-Bains. In September, he attended the Conferencia del Pacifico in Chile. Dr. Millar made a lecture tour of India, as guest of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations and the Indian School of International Studies. Mr. John Girling spent some weeks in Cambodia and Thailand. Dr. C. 1-Iolbraad made an extensive tour of the iiiddle Powers throughout the world, and Mr. s. K. Gui;:ta spent five weeks in India and Southeast Asia to collect material for his study of India and South-East Asia.

SEMINARS .

In addition to the seminars of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, in which members of the Department played a leading part, the following seminars were held in the Department during the year:

11 Theoretical Approaches to International Relations ~" - a series of seminars chaired by Professor Hedley Bull;

nAsian International Politics " - a series of seven seminars chaired by Dr. T. B. Millar;

Six "Work in Progress 1 Seminars, given by members of the Department;

" Research Techniques in International Relations " , a series given by tlr • G. T. Jukes ,

nEpistemology and International Studies", a series of three seminars given by Professor Oran R. Young ,

" Special ~ Seminars ~

-· Miss M. George on '1Australian Government Policies towards the Indonesian Republic , 1945- 49 ", ·- Mr. S . F. K.Chin OI1 :,Ideology and Australian Foreign Policy", - Professor Y. Okudai:ra, a .Modern Japan Seminar on " Student Unrest at the Tokyo University" , - Mr. J. L. S. Girling on " The Cambodian Crisis and the Sihanouk Myth ':

Seminars given during the year by speakers other than departmental members , included ~

Sir Alec Douglas Home , who spoke on "The Current International Scene~, Dr. Astri Suhrke, on n Some Aspects of M.inori ty Integration ~ The Case of the Thai :-1uslim 11

1

Sir Robert Thompson and Dr. George K. Tanham, whose subject was "Revolutionary Warfare 11

,

- P.4 34/1971

Dr. John H. Badgley , who spoke of "Planned Change in U.S . Role in Asian, Dr. Germanus Pause on nThe Problem of the European Defence Council in French Party Politics, 1952 54 11

,

Professor Zbigniew Brzezinski; on :i soviet-American Relations in the 1970s 1

', and Professor O.H.K.Spate, who gave his 0 Impressions of Chile 11

•

OTHER ACTIVITIES "

In March , the first of the Arthur F. Yencken Memorial Series of lectures was given by Lord Butler of Saffron Walden, Master of 'l'rinity College F Cambridge. The title was 'Problems of Diplomacy, Past and Present · . The lectures, which are a biennial event, are a memorial to the late Arthur F. Yencken 1 an Australian member of the British Diplomatic Service.

In May , the Department , in association with the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre and the Department of Economics, RSPacS, sponsored a conference on "Australia and Indonesia 11

, at which papers were presented by leading experts on Australian-Indonesian Relations . Twelve participants came from Indonesia to Canberra, where they were joined by others from the A.N.U. and other Australian universities , together with representatives from Government Departments and leading business houses.

I~embers of the department took a prominent part in the Australia-1Jew Zealand-U. S .A. conference held in Canberra in February. They also gave lectures to visitors from the Imperial Defence College, to trainee courses organised by the Department of External Affairs and the Public Service Board, and to such bodies as the Australian Army Staff College , the Administrative Staff College , the Joint Services Wing of the Australian Staff College , and the Foreign Affairs Committee.

Professor Bull spokek at the Indian School of International Affairs, the Harvard-M. I. T. 1-,rms Control Centre, Duke University, Cornell University Peace Studies Centre, the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Professor Miller lectured at the Universities of Leicester and Birmingham, the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London, the Imperial Defence College, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the Institute for Strategic Studies, and the Forshungsinstitut fUr Ausw~rtige Politik, Bonn. Dr. O'Neill lectured at the Universities of Melbourne, Sydney, N.S.W. and Newcastle; Mr. Jukes at those of Sydney, Melbourne , Monash and Adelaide, and Mr. Sissons at the University of Melbourne. Mr. Girling was President of the Canberra branch of the Australian Institute of International Affairs. Professor Miller was elected chairman of the History, Political Science, Law and Philosophy Section of the Social Science Research Council. He was also a member of the International Affairs Commission of the Church of England.

RESEARCH:

Professor J . D. B. Miller worked, both while on leave at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London, and in Canberrar on a further volume in the Chatham House Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs. He also completed, with Brian Jinks

e p.5 34/1971

of the University of Sydney a new edition of his Australian Government and Politicso Professor Bull continued his research for a book on v7orld Order. Dr. T. B .. Hillar continued with his research into the changing pattern of power in Asia, and a historical study of the development of Australian foreign policy. Dr. R. J. O'~eill worked on an official history of Australia's role in the Occupation of Japan and in the Korean War 1945-56, and the War in Indo-China, including political and strategic aspects of the direction of the war on either side, and Peking­Hanoi relations; Australian foreign and defence policy, particularly with regard to South-East Asia and Papua-New Guinea; German international relations; and Strategic Theory. Mr. Girling continued research on South-East Asian international politics, focusing on Indochina and Thailand; Thai internal situation; insurgency and counter- insurgency; U.S. foreign policy in Asia. i:'lr. Sis sons worked on Japanese immigration to Eastern Australia, 1875-1914~ Australia and the Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaties of 1894 and 1911, the diplomacy of Japanese immigration to Australia, Canada and U.S •. A., 1875-1920, the racial discrimination issue at the Paris Peace Conference , documents on Japanese History 1945- 70. i:•!r. Jukes continued research on Soviet defence policy 1945-70,, a biography of Marshal Zukhov; and Soviet policies towards Asia and East of Suez, together with strategic doctrines and defence policies. Dr. Holbraad edited and contributed to a symposium, containing chapters by nine present and past members of the departmentu which is to be published by ANU Press in 1971. He continued working on Super Powers and International Anarchy. Hr. Gupta worked on a chapter on India and Australia for the forthcoming OUP publication on Australia I s Def enc,; and Foreign Policy, and contributed to the Symposium on Super Powers and World Order. Dr. Ian Bellany continued with his research on Australia and nuclear weapons. Sir Alan Watt completed the first draft of his Memoirs. Dr. B. M . i1ale worked on a survey of Asian defence for the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, and Soviet policy in the Middle East.

PUi3LICATIONS :

Dell~ny, I.

'Australian Defence Procurement', Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 8, 33 pp. (with J. L. Richardson).

'Japan and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty', Australia's Neighbours, January-February 1970 u 4th series no • 6 8 pp . 1 - 3 •

MIRVs and the Strategic Balance, Nature, vol. 226, 2 May 1970 pp • 412- 413 .

'Nuclear Arms for Australia?' Current Affairs Bulletin 1 June 1970 vol. 46 no. 1, 16pp.

Bull, H.N.

'Arms Control: A stocktaking and Prospectus', in Alastair Buchan. ed ~ Problems of Modern Strategy, Chatto and Windus 1970. pp. 139- 158

'The Scope for Soviet- American Agreement' in Soviet-American Relations and World Order: Arms Limitation and Policy, Adelphi Papers No. 65, February 1970 pp. l -·15 (reprinted in Arms Control and National Security , vol. 1 1970 pp. 1 - 23

• 0 Security in the Indian Ocean? i1odern World vol. 7 1969, pp O 57-62'

p.6 34/1971

'Chemical and Biological Weaponst The Prospects for Arms Control 0

1 Australian Outlook, vol. 24 no. 2, August 1970, pp . 15 2 ·- 16 3 •

1 Asia in the 1970 1 s ~ An Australian View 1, New Guinea, Australia

and the Pacific, vol.5 no. 2r June/July 1970 pp. 51-63.

'The Prospects for S1\.LT 0 J Interplay, vol.3 no.5, January 1970 1 pp. 5o~s1.

1 The Scope for Super"·Power Agreements' 1 in Soviet-American Relations and World Order ; Arms Limitations and Policy, Adelphi Paper No. 65 1 February 1970, pp. 1- 15 (reprinted in Arms Control and National Security, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 1-23 0 Disarmament and the International System', in John C. Garnett ed.: Theories of Peace and Securityil A Reader in Contemporary ,Strategic Thoughtr London 1970 1 pp. 136 - 148.

GIRLING, J.L.S.

'Crisis and Conflict in Cambodia', Orbis, vol. xiv 1 no.2 pp. 349-365 'Laos~ Falling Domino?', Pacific Affairs vol.xliii no.3 pp. 370-383 'Politics Amalgamated. The Thai Example', Australian Outlook vol.xxiv no.3 pp.

'The Guam Doctrine 1, International Affairs , vol.xlvi no.l pp. 48-62

GUPTAv S.K.

'The Power Structure in South Asia ~ Problems of Stability', The Round Table 1 (London), April 1970 pp. 129- 44. 0Australia ' s Defence Policy 1

, Chanakya Defence Annual, Chanakya Publishing House, Allahabad v India, 1970. pp. 123-141. 'The Triangular Balance 7

, Special Issue on Super Powers, Seminar 1 New Delhi 1 September 1 970, pp.21-27.

HOLBRAAD, C.

The Concert of Europe ~ A Study in German and British International Theory, 1815- 1914 (London, Longman 1970) 234pp.**

JUKES, G.

'The USSR and the Indian Ocean 1, Current dffairs Bulletin vol.45

no.lo ppol47-159

'Soviet Strategies in Asia', World Review 1 vol.9, no.l March 1970 ppol8-·26o

'Forecasting the Strategic Balance, 1968-83', Futures 1 (U.K.) December 1970, vol.2ono.4, pp. 363- 3720 'The Defence of Hoscowu 1941-- 2', Ballantinev New York 1 McDonald, London, l60pp. 1

i'1ILLAR , T.Bo 1Melanesia's Strategic Significance 1

, New Guinea, June/July 1970 vol.5 no.22 pp.30- 35.

'Defence'v and 'Australia's Future Prospects', in Charles Osborne (ed.), Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific, London, Anthony Bland, 1970 1 pp. 230 -· 239, 248-252.

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'Empire into Commonwealth into fistory - a Review of Recent Writing on the Commonwealth i 7 International Organisation vol.2 4 no . l; 1970 . pp . 93-99.

Soviet Policies in the Indian Ocean Area, Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 7, 1970 .

Soviet Policies South and East of Suez', Foreign Affairs, vol.49 no. 1, October , 1970 . pp. 70- 8C.

MILLER, J . D.B.

'Unlimited Competition or Spheres of Responsibility' r Soviet-American Relations an<l Wcrld Order: The Two and the Many, Adelphi Papers No. 66 , ~arch 1970 , pp. 32 - 41.

' Britain and the Common1ealth 1, The South Atlantic Quarterly,

vol. LXIX No. 2 f SprinJ 197 O v p:r;:.. 186~·204.

1 Sfidostasi en nach Vietnam', 2uropa Archiv, 10.6.1970, pp. 397-408 'Australia in Vietnam', The Round Table, July 1970r pp. 295-302 'The Intrusion of Afro-Asia', Irternational Affairs, 50th Anniversary Issue , Nov. 1970 , pp. 46 55. 1 Fanon 1 Sartre and the Third TTorld', in M.S. Rajan (ed.), Studies in Politics National and International, Pre ared in honour of Dr. A. Appadorai~ Delhi, Vikas publicati0ns 1 1970, pp. 108-128. 'Australia in the Commonwealth', The Round Table, Diamond Jubilee Number, November 1970 r pp. 577-586.

J.D.B . Miller and Brian Jinks, Australian Government and Politics, An Introductory Survey , 4th edn. u Gerald Duckworth & Co., London, 1971 , 225 pp .

O'NEILL , R. J .

'Soldiers and Historians : Trends in Military Historiography in the 19th and 20th Centuries .;; in Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society , vol . 56 part 1 , March 1970, pp 36 - ~7 1 New Attitudes for a ~J2w DecadE. ~ Some Conclusions for Australian Policy towards As ia in the 1970s' , in Australian Outlook , vol. 24 no. 2, August 1970., pp. 111- 123. 1 Sir Basil Liddell Hart ~ An Ar preciation/ in Australian Army Journal , no. 251 April 1970, pf.29-40.